外研版(2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science重点单词变形,短语,句型,语法知识点复习(含解析)

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名称 外研版(2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science重点单词变形,短语,句型,语法知识点复习(含解析)
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Unit 3 The world of science
重点单词变形,短语,句型,语法练习
重点单词变形
1.press v.按→pressure n.压(力);压强;强制
2.capable adj.有能力的→capability n.能力
3.desire n.渴望,欲望→desirable adj.想望的;可取的
4.significant adj.重要的,影响深远的→significance n.重要性,意义
5.injure v.使受伤,弄伤→injury n.伤;损害
6.accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地
7.minor adj.小的→minority n.少数
8.origin n.起源,起因→original adj.最初的,原始的
9.mental adj.精神的;精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上;智力上
10.declaration n.声明,宣告→declare v.宣布
11.scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学
12.entirely adv.完全地,彻底地→entire adj.全部的,整个的
13.proof n.证明,证据→prove v.证明
一、语法填空
1.Many parts of China (see) very heavy rainfall in the past few days.
2.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill which school education depends.
3.It has helped me become stronger, both (mental) and physically.
4.This concert (conduct)by a famous (conduct)from Beijing.
5.Organising a whole department is his capabilities.
6.After he was caught by the police, he tried his best (prove) his innocence (清白) to them.
7.Lily is missing her parents since it is the first time that she (be) away from home for such a long time.
8.As a child, he showed great interest in science and wanted to be a . Now he is committed to doing
researches. (science)
9.He attached his horse a tree.
10.Because of her kindness, the has many bunches of flowers so far. (receive)
11.Who is the (conduct) of tonight’s concert
12.Remember to put the medicine the reach of the children.
13.I (grow) not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
14.The price of petrol (rise) slightly since the outbreak of conflicts in that area.
15.The students (clean) the classroom, so it’s tidy and clean now.
16.Pictures (flash) on the screen of the mobile phone can hurt people's eyes.
17.Bangkok is a highly (desire) destination for food lovers.
18.It is my first time that I (challenge)my teacher.
19.If it’s caught before it spreads below the skin’s surface, it’s highly (cure).
20.That’s an (entire) different matter.
21.Jack and Tom together with Mike (study) hard recently.
22.The job was (virtual) completed by the end of the week.
23.The feeling of helping someone else (affect)them all—they cannot stop talking about it, and they (search)for others they can help for four days!
24. addition, health education plays a key role in improving people’s health.
25.— Who gave away the whole thing, Mary or Lucy
— . I learned it from John.
26.The police believe Derek gave a fairly accurate (accountant)of what happened.
27.So far Li Mei (compete) in the Olympic Games twice.
28.那是他第一次见到自己的名字被刊印出来。
That was the first time that he his name in print.
29.To seek truth from facts is the (science) approach.
30.It is (significance) that he changed his will only days before his death.
31.Lanier invented the term “virtual (real)” and pioneered its early development.
32.Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element r .
33.Snow subscribed the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed (prove).
34.A study (conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime(犯罪活动).
35.During the past three weeks, about two million people (flee) their homes.
36.Finally they came to terms the enemy.
37.The Chinese food (consider)to be the healthiest in the world.
38.Many new tough problems (arise) since they came to America.
39.The boys pretended (conduct)an experiment when the teacher came in.
40.After school, we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only (find) that it was being decorated.
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Edison was one of the greatest 41 (scientist) that greatly shaped modern society. When he was seven, Edison's family moved from Ohio to Michigan after his father got a job there. Because of hearing problems, he had difficulty 42 (follow) the lessons and often ran away from school.
However, he used the time 43 (read) books and set up a lab in his home. But the smell from his lab was often so strong that his mother had to stop 44 (he) from carrying out any more experiments at home.
At the age of twelve, Edison got a job on the Grand Trunk Railway. There, he made use 45 an abandoned (被抛弃的) car as his lab. During that time, he 46 (success) developed a device (设备) that could send messages. By 1869, Edison's inventions in telegraphy were widely accepted, 47 made him decide to leave the job and become a fl-time inventor. Edison's most "well-known" inventions included the electric light bulb, microphones and so on. When 48 (ask) to explain how he could come up with so many inventions, Edison said "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水)."
Edison 49 (die) at the age of 84 on October 18, 1931. At the time of his death, he was still doing experiments in his lab in West Orange, New Jersey. He clearly enjoyed his work and lived life to 50 fullest.
二、单词拼写
51.The witness gave the police a vivid and full (描述) of the accident.
52.The play writer has (推荐) the actress as the leading part in this film.
53.You need to be more (灵活的) and imaginative in your approach.
54.He said the key to his business success was not forgetting to stay (灵活的).
55.The trees send out new (嫩枝) in spring.
56.I have (原谅) you for your rude words, so you can leave the room.
57.Since time is limited, I ________ (起草) out my speech in 10 minutes.
58.In the last ten years automation (减少)the workforce here by half.
59.Your work has shown a improvement. (显著的)
60.Several buildings in the town have (幸存) from medieval times.
61.Yes, the Beatles’s music has (陪伴) me throughout my life.
62.Further (证据) is needed to make sure such drugs do no harm to our health.
63.On 7 May 1824, a crowd of music lovers (鱼贯而行) into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first-ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No.9.
64.I am not a Sami, but in Sarek I’ve (采用) some of their habits.
65.The man’s story was so (非凡的) that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.
三、完成句子
66.He has (经历) two world wars.
他经历了两次世界大战。(根据汉语提示完成句子)
67.事实证明,虚拟合唱团对许多人的生活产生了积极影响。
be a positive influence on the lives of many people.
68.政府在控制新冠肺炎方面投入很大。
The government has a lot containing the COVID-19.
69.信里还配着精美的插图---它们的作者一定花了很长时间去完成每一幅画作。
The letters were also beautifully illustrated --- each its author a long time .
70.安妮被这个决定惊呆了,不知道做什么。(疑问词+动词不定式)
Anne was shocked by the decision and did not know .
71.全红婵为所有青少年就立了一个好榜样。
Quan Hongchan has for all teenagers.
72.就自然资源来说,它是世界上最贫困的国家之一。
natural resources,it is one of the poorest countries in the world.
73.那位我向其申请许可证的官员很友好。
The official for a permit was very kind.
74.埃塞俄比亚高原的人们已经适应了高海拔地区的生活。
People in Ethiopian highlands at high altitudes.
75.We need .
我们需要一个更为灵活的制度。
参考答案:
1.have seen
【详解】考查时态。句意:在过去的几天里,中国的许多地区都出现了强降雨。分许句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“in the past few days”可知,句子为现在完成时态,主语为复数。故填have seen。
2.on/upon
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。固定短语:depend on/ upon “依赖,依靠”;句中the fundamental skill作先行词,介词on/ upon+ which引导定语从句。故答案为on/ upon。
3.mentally
【详解】考查副词。句意:它帮助我在精神上和身体上都变得更加强大了。分析句子可知,设空处与后面的physically为并列结构,应保持词性一致,此处指“身体上和精神上”,应填mentally,作状语。故填mentally。
4. was conducted conductor
【详解】考查时态和语态以及名词。句意:这场音乐会是由一位来自北京的著名指挥家指挥的。分析句子结构可知,空格1处要填谓语动词,与句子主语this concert之间被被动的关系,所以要用一般过去时被动语态,表示过去发生的事情;空格2处位于形容词famous后,所以要填名词作宾语。故填was conducted;conductor。
5.beyond
【详解】考查介词。句意:组织整个部门超出了他的能力范围。此处表示“超出……的范围”应用介词beyond,故填beyond。
6.to prove
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在他被警察抓住之后,他尽自己最大努力向他们证明他的清白。try one's best to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”,分析句子可知,空格处应填不定式做状语目的,所以应填to prove。故填to prove。
7.has been
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:莉莉很想念她的父母,因为这是她第一次离开家这么长时间。it/this is the first/second...time that+从句,表示“第一/二……次做某事”,主句用is,从句用现在完成时,从句主语是she,助动词应用has,故填has been。
8. scientist scientific
【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意:小时候,他就对科学表现出了极大的兴趣,想成为一名科学家。现在他致力于做科学研究。第一空作表语,结合上文不定冠词可知应填单数名词scientist;第二空作定语修饰名词researches,应用scientific。故填①scientist;②scientific。
9.to
【详解】考查介词。句意:他把他的马拴在了一棵树上。固定短语attach… to意为“附上;系上”,符合句意。故填to。
10. receptionist received
【详解】考查名词和谓语动词。句意:由于她的善良,接待员到目前为止已经收到了很多束鲜花。分析句子结构和意思可知,第一个空需要名词receptionist作主语,意为“接待员”;第二个空考查谓语动词,句子有so far作时间状语,谓语用现在完成时,空格前面有has,所以用过去分词形式。故填receptionist和received。
11.conductor
【详解】考查名词。句意:今晚音乐会的指挥是谁?根据“of tonight’s concert”可知,此处是指音乐会的指挥,所以应用名词conductor表示“指挥”作表语。故填conductor。
12.beyond
【详解】考查介词。句意:记住把药放在孩子们够不着的地方。表示“够不着”短语为beyond the reach,故填beyond。
13.have grown
【详解】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,我不仅在身体上成长了,在精神上也成长了。根据时间状语in the past few years可知,应用现在完成时,主语是I,助动词用have。故填have grown。
14.has risen
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:自该地区爆发冲突以来,汽油价格略有上涨。提示词是主句谓语动词,与主语The price之间是主动关系,结合时间状语since the outbreak of conflicts in that area可知,动作从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时态,主语是单数,助动词用has。故填has risen。
15.have cleaned
【详解】考查时态。句意:学生们已经打扫了教室,因此教室现在又干净又整洁。根据语境可知,此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时,其结构是have/has done的形式。主语是复数,故填have cleaned。
16.flashing
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:手机屏幕上闪烁的图片会伤害人们的眼睛。设空处为非谓语动词,Pictures与flash之间为主动关系。故用现在分词短语作后置定语。故填flashing。
17.desirable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:曼谷是美食爱好者非常向往的目的地。根据句意及英文提示可知,此处使用形容词desirable“向往的,合意的”,作定语,修饰destination。故填desirable。
18.have challenged
【详解】考查时态。句意:这是我第一次挑战我的老师。It is the first time that +现在完成时态“某人第一次做某事”为固定句型。空处用现在完成时,主语是I,助动词用have,故填have challenged。
19.curable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果在它扩散到皮肤表面以下前被发现,它是高度可治愈的。分析句子可知,空格处应用形容词,作表语,“cure”意为“治愈”,动词词性,对应的形容词为“curable”,意为“可治愈的”。故填curable。
20.entirely
【详解】考查副词。句意:那是完全不同的事情。副词entirely修饰形容词different。故填entirely。
21.have studied
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:杰克、汤姆和迈克最近学习很努力。根据句中时间状语recently可知,用现在完成时。together with和……一起,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。结合句意,故填have studied。
22.virtually
【详解】考查副词。句意:这项工作到本周末几乎完成了。分析句意可知,此处使用形容词virtual“几乎的”的副词形式,因为其用于修饰谓语动词was completed“被完成”。故填virtually。
23. has affected have been searching
【详解】考查时态。句意:帮助别人的感觉影响了他们,他们无法停止谈论这件事,四天来他们一直在寻找可以帮助的人!分析句子并由破折号解释说明可知,第一空应用现在完成时,且The feeling和affect为主动关系,所以应填has affected;第二空由for four days且结合句意可知,应用现在完成进行时,表动作还一直持续,所以应填have been searching。故填has affected;have been searching。
24.In
【详解】考查介词。句意:此外,健康教育在改善人们的健康方面发挥着关键作用。in addition“此外”,固定短语,故填In。
25.Neither
【详解】考查不定代词。句意:——谁泄漏了整件事情?Mary还是Lucy?——都不是。我从John那儿得知的。根据句意可知,此处表示“两者都不”,用不定代词neither,句首单词首字母大写。故填Neither。
26.account
【详解】考查名词。句意:警方相信德里克对所发生的事情作了相当准确的描述。分析可知,空处应用名词作宾语,结合句意,account“描述”符合题意,冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填account。
27.has competed
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,李梅已经参加过两次奥运会了。分析句子结构和意思可知,句子有So far作时间状语,谓语用现在完成时,主语是Li Mei,助动词用has。故填has competed。
28.had seen
【详解】考查时态。It/This/That is/was+序数词+time (that)+主语+现在完成/过去完成时态,为固定句型,意为“是某人第几次做某事”,其中that引导定语从句,且可以省略,主句用一般现在时态时,从句用现在完成时态;主句用一般过去时态时,从句用过去完成时态。此处主句为一般过去时,从句应使用过去完成时。故填had seen。
29.scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意:实事求是是科学的方法。此处应用形容词scientific作定语,修饰名词approach,表示“科学的”,故填scientific。
30.significant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:值得注意的是,他在去世前改变了遗嘱。根据句子结构可知,此处应填形容词significant,表示“值得注意的,重要的”,作表语。故填significant。
31.reality
【详解】考查名词。句意:拉尼尔发明了“虚拟现实”一词,并开创了其早期发展。空前有virtual形容词,故空处需要填名词;固定用法virtual reality表示“虚拟现实”,符合句意。故填reality。
32.radium/adium
【详解】考查名词。句意:居里夫人作为镭元素的发现者将永远被人们铭记。结合常识和首字母提示可知,用名词radium,作同位语,意为“镭”。故填radium。
33. to proof
【详解】考查介词和名词。句意:斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是正确的,但他仍然需要证据。分析句子结构可知,第一空为固定短语subscribe to意为“赞同,同意”,所以填介词to;第二空为名词作宾语,prove的名词为proof,结合句意可知,此处表示抽象的概念,为不可数名词。故填①to②proof。
34.conducted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现,城市绿化地区犯罪率较低。句中discovered为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。此处study与conduct之间是被动关系,故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填conducted。
35.have fled
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:在过去的三个星期里,大约有两百万人逃离了家园。分析句子结构可知,此处应为谓语动词,根据时间状语During the past three weeks可知,此处应使用现在完成时态,且flee与句子主语about two million people之间为主动关系,句子主语为名词复数。故填have fled。
36.with
【详解】考查介词。句意:最后他们与敌人达成了协议。分析句子可知使用短语come to terms with,意为“妥协,让步,达成协议”。故填with。
37.has been considered
【详解】考查谓语。句意:中国食物已经被认为是世界上最健康的食物了。根据句子结构和意思可知,这句话是表示中国食物对世界的影响,主语“The Chinese food”和动词“consider”是被动的关系,所以用现在完成时的被动结构,谓语助动词用第三人称单数形式has。故填has been considered。
38.have arisen
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自从他们来到美国以来,出现了许多新的棘手问题。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语 since they came to America,可知应用现在完成时,主语Many new tough problems,谓语用复数形式,故填have arisen。
39.to be conducting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:老师进来时,男孩们假装正在做实验。pretend to do sth.“假装做某事”,不定式作宾语;结合语境,此处表示老师进来时“做实验”正在进行,故应用不定式的进行式to be doing。故填to be conducting。
40.to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:放学后,我们去阅览室看书,结果发现阅览室正在装修。分析句子可知,设空处充当句子结果状语, 表示意外的结果应使用only+不定式,故填to find。
41.scientists 42.following 43.to read 44.him 45.of 46.successfully 47.which 48.asked 49.died 50.the
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了伟大的科学家爱迪生的生平。
41.考查名词复数。句意:爱迪生是对现代社会产生重大影响的最伟大的科学家之一。one of后面需加可数名词复数形式。故填scientists。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:由于听力问题,他上课有困难,经常逃学。have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定用法,空处需填动名词。故填following。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,他利用这段时间读书,并在家里建立了一个实验室。use sth. to do sth.为固定用法,意为“需用某物做某事”;空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to read。
44.考查代词。句意:但是他实验室里的气味太强烈了,他妈妈不得不阻止他在家里做任何实验。空处需填宾格形式him作宾语。故填him。
45.考查介词。句意:在那里,他利用一辆废弃的汽车作为他的实验室。make use of为固定短语,意为“使用”。故填of。
46.考查副词。句意:在此期间,他成功地开发了一种可以发送信息的设备。修饰动词developed,需用副词作状语。故填successfully。
47.考查定语从句。句意:到1869年,爱迪生在电报方面的发明被广泛接受,这使他决定离开这份工作,成为一名全职发明家。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的句子,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
48.考查省略句。句意:当被问及他是如何想出这么多发明的时候,爱迪生说:“天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。”when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语
一致,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,完整的从句是When he was asked to explain how he could come up with so many inventions,此处省略了he was,需填过去分词。故填asked。
49.考查动词时态。句意:爱迪生于1931年10月18日去世,享年84岁。根据时间状语October 18, 1931可知,此处使用一般过去时。故填died。
50.考查冠词。句意:在他去世的时候,他还在新泽西州西奥兰治的实验室里做实验。很明显,他很享受自己的工作,过着充实的生活。live life to the fullest为固定短语,意为“过着充实的生活”。故填the。
51.account/description
【详解】考查名词。句意:目击者向警方生动而完整地描述了事故的经过。形容词vivid and full 后接名词形式。名词“描述”英文为account/description。根据不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式。根据汉语提示及句意,故填account/description。
52.recommended
【详解】考查动词。句意:这位剧作家推荐女演员作为电影主角。动词“推荐”为recommend,有助动词has,时态为现在完成时,要用过去分词。故填recommended。
53.flexible
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你需要更多的灵活的和富有想象力的方法。根据提示及空前的more可知,用形容词flexible作表语。故填flexible。
54.flexible
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他说,他的商业成功的关键是不忘记来保持灵活性。分析句子,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。根据汉语提示,表示“灵活的”为flexible。故填flexible。
55.shoots
【详解】考查名词。句意:树木在春天长出新芽。设空处为名词作宾语,根据汉语提示可知是shoot,根据语境应用复数形式,故填shoots。
56.forgiven
【详解】考查动词。句意:我已经原谅了你的粗鲁言辞,所以你可以离开房间了。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用动词forgive,由have和句意可知,应用过去分词形式与have构成现在完成时。故填forgiven。
57.drafted
【详解】考查动词。句意:因时间有限,我10分钟内便草拟了一份发言稿。根据汉语提示可知,draft起草,动词,句子是讲述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填drafted。
58.has reduced
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年里,自动化使这里的劳动力减少了一半。根据In the last ten years时间状语可知,该句为现在完成时,主语automation为不可数名词,所以助动词应用has,结合汉语意思提示可知,表示“减少”为动词reduce。故填has reduced。
59.significant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你的工作有了显著的进步。分析句子结构可知,此处应为形容词作定语,根据提示的汉语,表示“显著的”应为significant。故填significant。
60.survived
【详解】考查动词。句意:镇上有几座建筑从中世纪保存下来。根据汉语提示可知应填动词survive,作谓语,结合have可知为现在完成时。故填survived。
61.accompanied
【详解】考查动词和现在完成时。句意:是的,披头士的音乐陪伴了我一生。设空处使用过去分词与空前构成现在完成时。表示“陪伴”用accompany。故填accompanied。
62.proof
【详解】考查名词。句意:需要进一步的证据来确保这些药物对我们的健康无害。根据汉语提示“证据”可知,应填名词proof作主语。故填proof。
63.streamed
【详解】考查动词。句意:1824年5月7日,一群音乐爱好者涌入维也纳的一家剧院,聆听伟大的路德维希·范·贝多芬的《德沃夏克第9交响曲》的首次演出。根据汉语提示“鱼贯而行”可知,空格处使用动词stream,由On 7 May 1824可知,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时。故填streamed。
64.adopted
【详解】考查动词。句意:我不是萨米人,但在沙瑞克,我采用了他们的一些习惯。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用动词adopt,应用过去分词,构成现在完成时。故填adopted。
65.extraordinary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个人的故事太非凡了,以至于我不知道该不该相信他。“非凡的”应用形容词extraordinary,作主句的表语,表示这个人的故事很非凡。故填extraordinary。
66.lived through
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知短语为live through,结合上文has可知为现在完成时。故填lived through。
67. It has proved to
【详解】考查形式主语、动词时态。“证明”为prove,是不及物动词,表示现在之前的动作为现在完成时,动词prove应用过去分词形式,“事实证明”为It has proved,空后是动词原形,前面用动词不定式,作真正的主语,故填It ;has;proved;to。
68. invested in
【详解】考查动词短语。invest in为固定用法,意为“投资”。分析句子可知,此处是现在完成时,句中已有助动词has,故填invested in。
69. must have taken to complete/finish
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据汉语提示“每一幅……都花费作者时间”为固定句型it take sb sometime to do sth。结合句意“一定花了……”以及前文的动词were,该处为现在完成时。为情态动词must+现在完成时的结构。表示动作“完成”为complete/finish。故分别填must;have;taken;to;complete/finish。
70.what to do
【详解】考查“疑问词+动词不定式”。根据中英文提示可知,需要翻译的部分是“做什么”,表示“做什么”应用what to do,此处为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,作宾语。故填what to do。
71. set a good example
【详解】考查短语。句意:全红婵为所有青少年就立了一个好榜样。set a good example立了一个好榜样。has后接动词的过去分词形式。根据句意,故填set a good example。
72.In terms of
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“就……来说”可知短语为in terms of。句首单词首字母要大写。故填In terms of。
73. to whom I applied
【详解】考查定语从句和动词时态。表示“我”应用I;表示“申请”应用apply to,根据was可知,此处为一般过去时;空处为定语从句,先行词the official,指人,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词whom引导。故填①to②whom③I④applied。
74.have adapted to living
【详解】考查动词。根据句意“已经适应”可知,此处应为现在完成时,表示“适应”应为adapt
to,句子主语people为名词复数,adapt to与people之间为主动关系,所以应为have adapted to;表示“生活”动词应为live,位于介词to之后,应为动名词形式作宾语,且表示主动。故填have adapted to living。
75. a more flexible system
【详解】考查名词和形容词。表示“制度”是 system,此处为泛指,用不定关系修饰;“更灵活的”是more flexible,作定语,修饰system。故分别填a;more;flexible;system。