2024年中考英语专题：话题十九 科普知识与现代技术课件(共56张PPT)

(共56张PPT)
第一部分 话题培优
话题十九 科普知识与现代技术
2024年中考英语专题
课件
重难点突破
表达能力提升
核心素养培优
科普知识与现代技术（Popular science and modern technology）下的
子话题分别为数字与数据（Figures and data）、科普知识
（Popular science）、发明与技术（Inventions and technological
advances）、信息技术（Information technology）。想要掌握并熟练表述
有关科普知识与现代技术的内容，需要掌握以下知识点。
重难点突破
01
1.辨析 be made of, be made from 与 be made up of
【观察】① The table over there is made of wood.
② Paper we are using now is made from trees.
③ This machine is made up of three different parts.
【探究】be made of意为“由……制成”，指用肉眼就能判断出原材料；be
made from意为“由……制成”，指用肉眼无法判断出原材料；be made up
of意为“由……组成或构成”。
【运用】用 be made of，be made from或be made up of的适当形式填空。
（1）那座古老的桥是由石头制成的。
The old bridge _______________ stone.
is/was made of
（2）这个班由五十六名学生组成。
The class ______________ fifty-six students.
is made up of
（3）这种饮料是由苹果制成的。
This kind of drink _____________ apples.
is made from
2.辨析such as与 for example
【观察】① Finally, materials such as wood or paper are added to make
different things.
② For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by
drawing mind maps.
【探究】such as和for example都有“例如”的意思，但用法不尽相同。
（1）such as常用来列举同类人或事物中的多个例子，且其后面不可有逗
号，后面只能接名词或名词性短语。
（2）for example 一般指以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，在句中做插入
语，用逗号与前后句子隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末，for example后可
接完整的句子。
【运用】用for example或such as填空。
（1）He has been to many countries, ________ America, Japan and
Germany.
（2）You can buy fruit here — oranges, ____________.
（3）English is spoken in many countries, ________ Australia and
Canada.
（4）Ball games, ____________, have spread around the world.
such as
for example
such as
for example
3.辨析agree with, agree to与agree on
【观察】①He doesn't agree with me.
②Do you think he'll agree to their advice
③We agree on handing in the homework by 6 p.m.
【探究】
短语 用法
agree with agree with+sb./one's opinion/decision/what sb. said同意某人/
某人的意见或决定/某人所说的
agree to agree to+sth.赞同某一计划或建议
agree on agree on （doing） sth.在（做）某事上意见一致。agree on
doing sth.=agree to do sth.
【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（1）我们完全赞同这个计划并承诺会和你们组密切合作。
We fully _________ the plan and promise to cooperate closely with your
group.
agree to
（2）考虑一下，告诉我你是否在这个问题上同意我的看法。
Think it over and tell me whether you ___________ me or not on this
matter.
agree with
表达能力提升
02
Ⅰ.补全对话
（2022·衡阳中考改编）根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入
一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。
（Kangkang met Michael at the airport.）
K: Long time no see, Michael. Did you have a good time in your
hometown
M: 1.__________. I visited many good friends there. But I'm sorry I
missed your birthday party on April 16th.
Yes, I did
K: 2._____________________________________________. I had a
meaningful birthday, because on that day, Shenzhou-13 carrying three
astronauts landed safely.
M: Wow, how exciting! 3._____________
K: They are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.
M: 4.______________________________
K: They stayed in space for 183 days.
Never mind/It doesn't matter/Not at all/It's nothing
Who are they
How long did they stay in space
M: 5.______________________
K: They did lots of research there. They also had space-based lectures.
By the way, Shenzhou-14 was launched at 10:44 a.m. on June 5th.
M: Amazing! They're heroes!
K: You're right. We Chinese are so proud of them!
What did they do there
Ⅱ.书面表达
人工智能（AI）的迅速崛起无疑是新世纪以来最为重要的科技事件，
而我们的生活也将因为人工智能的成熟应用迎来巨大改变。假如你是李华，
你校将于周六上午十点使用视频会议举办一场介绍人工智能的线上讲座
（online lecture）。你打算邀请你校英国留学生Tom一起参加。请用英语
给Tom写一封邮件，邀请他参加线上讲座。
提示语：helpful, convenient, introduce, examples, apply…to…,
questions
提示：1. What time will the online lecture start
2.What will the speaker talk about
3.What will you need to prepare
要求：1. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
2.参考提示内容，可适当发挥；
3.词数：不少于70。（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。）
Dear Tom,
I'm writing to invite you to attend an online lecture about AI
technology. ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
It will start at 10 o'clock on Saturday morning. During the
lecture, the speaker will introduce what AI is. Then, he will tell us how
to use it in our daily life since it is helpful and convenient.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Hope you will be online on time and enjoy it. If there is anything
more that you want to know, please tell me.
Yours,
Li Hua
To attend the online lecture, you need to get your computer or your
phone ready. And please make sure you can get online. It is a good idea
to prepare a notebook because you will need to take down some
examples and answer some questions. We can apply AI to our daily life.
核心素养培优
03
Ⅰ.完形填空
（2022 ·温州中考改编）阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的
四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Matt loved science, and he wanted to be the Science Star of the
week. Now he was presenting his experiment in Mrs. Perry's class.
“Let me show you how to keep an egg in the middle of the glass.”
Matt dropped an egg into salt water. But it fell to the bottom.
“Look, Matt's blushing!” Coco shouted. Matt, covered . .1. . red face
with hands.
That evening he . .2. . The Book of Wonderful Science Experiments.
When it came to the last page, he smiled. “This is the right experiment
for me! It's impossible to fail this time.”
The next day in front of his class, Matt spread small pieces of
paper onto the desk and rubbed a spoon with cloth. “The spoon will lift
up the paper.” He raised the spoon, but . .3. . happened. The paper lay
still.
“Matt's blushing again!” Emily pointed out. Matt was . .4. . and ran
back to his seat with his red face.
“Becoming the Science Star seems so . .5. .,” Matt thought. That night
he couldn't sleep. “I have to make it, but the only thing I could do right
was blushing.” … Suddenly, a plan came to his mind.
The following morning, Matt appeared before the class again, . .6. .
his Mickey Mouse ears.
“Mouse ears on the head are your . .7. . ” Someone laughed and
Matt's face burned.
“No, watch my . .8. .! Blushing is my experiment,” Matt answered.
Everyone quieted down.
Matt continued, “When you feel stressed, your blood vessels in the
face open wide and fill the skin with blood, so you blush.” He showed a
picture of blood vessels. “I've tried many times to control blushing, but
now I know it's a normal part of being human. So the best thing to do
is to . .9. . it.” The class cheered and Matt's red face lit up the whole
classroom.
“Matt is the Science Star of the week,” Mrs. Perry announced. Matt
walked . .10. . back to his seat. What a perfect day!
1.( ) A.my B.your C.his D.her
C
2.( ) A.handed in B.looked through
C.waited for D.put away
B
3.( ) A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
D
4.( ) A.happy B.nervous C.calm D.bored
B
5.( ) A.difficult B.common C.natural D.safe
A
6.( ) A.passing B.throwing C.wearing D.repairing
C
7.( ) A.play B.song C.painting D.experiment
D
8.( ) A.hands B.face C.teeth D.back
B
9.( ) A.finish B.change C.hide D.accept
D
10.( ) A.secretly B.strangely C.proudly D.worriedly
C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
第一节：阅读下面两篇短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题的
一个最佳答案。
（A）（2023·广州中考）
Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her
work with children. How should it look The robot should have arms to
be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it
will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can
make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more
attention to robots with faces. But what kind
For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn't look
too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-
person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users
might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot
faces don't need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can
enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans,
because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top
of a robot's body, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be
afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to
it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as
much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the
way we communicate.
To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave
invented a special skin for their faces. With this skin, robots can show
human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised.
Dave's robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How Just
imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send
pictures of your face to its central computer!
1.Why do scientists think a robot needs a face ( )
D
A.It will become more beautiful.
B.It can do better in lifting things.
C.It will pay more attention to children.
D.It can better communicate with people.
2.What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in Paragraph 2 ( )
A
A.Uncomfortable to look at. B.Impossible to touch.
C.Boring to talk to. D.Difficult to understand.
3.Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with ( )
D
A.People should treat robots as humans.
B.Robots need to express their own feelings.
C.Robots shouldn't look too much like humans.
D.People can easily accept robots with a human face.
4.What is the purpose of the passage ( )
A.To explain the reasons why robots should have faces.
B.To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces.
C.To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have.
D.To show how scientists invent robots with different faces.
C
（B）（2023·烟台中考）
AI can help teenagers and students learn in several ways.
Personalized learning: AI can know better about students, including
their advantages, weaknesses, skills, learning favorites, learning needs, and
so on. Then it can create a proper learning plan for each student. This
can help students concentrate on areas that they need to improve at their
own speed.
Interactive （交互的） learning: AI has the ability to make learning
more interactive and interesting. Things like interactive learning apps and
educational games can make subject learning more interesting. What's
more, they can make students interested in a subject at once. This kind
of active learning is sure to be more helpful than studying alone.
Automated （自动的） advice and help: AI can provide automated
advice and answers to questions. It can examine students' work and
provide personalized help. For example, ChatGPT can answer students'
questions quickly in a private, low-pressure way. This kind of advice and
answers can help students better understand knowledge and use their
knowledge.
Greater resources （资源）: AI can make many of the students'
learning resources richer and wider, like electronic textbooks, online
courses, and study apps. For example, a biology textbook with AI
technology may provide interactive 3D models of a human body that
students can study more carefully. AI can provide interactive examples,
introduce important passages, and offer assessments（评价）.
In a word, AI has a great ability to improve studying and learning.
By using AI, students can study smarter and reach higher levels of
learning and success. The future of AI in education is hopeful as
technologies continue to develop.
1.What can AI do by knowing better about students ( )
D
A.Get more learning experiences.
B.Find out students' learning speed.
C.Know more about learning favorites.
D.Offer proper personal learning plans.
2.How might students feel about educational games ( )
B
A.Traditional. B.Interesting. C.Difficult. D.Knowledgeable.
3.Why does the writer give an example of a biology textbook in
Paragraph 5 ( )
D
A.To show biology is easy to learn.
B.To describe something more about 3D.
C.To introduce a way of assessment.
D.To show AI can provide rich resources.
4.What's the best title for this passage ( )
A
A.AI—A Smart Help for Learning B.AI Needs New Technologies
C.AI Is Much Better Than A Teacher D.AI—Hopeful or Hopeless
第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
（C）（2023·陕西中考）
Farmyard robots can cut down chemical pollution.
1.___ Many of them use chemicals to kill weeds. The trouble is,
these weedkillers also kill wildlife, pollute rivers and are bad for the
fields. 2.___. This kind of robot can cut weedkiller use by 90%. The
robot is really smart because it only kills weeds but not crops （庄稼）.
G
A
3.___
Several cameras are built into the robot. The cameras facing the
ground take photos to help the robot “see” the plants it passes.
The robot compares each photo to a library of plant photos to
decide on which plants are weeds.
Robot arms move into position to give a small dose （剂量） of
weedkiller on the weeds.
The robot is energy-friendly. 4.___.
E
B
How the robot will develop
The scientists do not want to just stop at the achievement they have
made. 5.___. The improved model of robots will exactly discover weeds
and dig them out instead of weedkillers.
Robots could be programmed to leave some harmless weeds in the
fields to support wildlife living there.
D
A. But scientists have created a farmyard robot
B. It is powered by the energy from the sun
C. Where the robot is used
D. They're working on the new designs to improve the model
E. How the robot works
F. Why do farmers choose the robot to work in their fields
G. How do farmers usually kill weeds（杂草） in the fields
Ⅲ.完成句子：根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。
1.最近一系列新政策推动了新能源汽车的使用。
A series of new policies have pushed for __________new energy cars
recently.
the use of
2.（2023·凉山中考改编）有很多方法来保持健康。比如，我们可以多做运
动，少吃垃圾食品。
There are a lot of ways to keep healthy. ____________, we can do more
exercise and eat less junk food.
For example
3.许多人赞同政府的预测——经济将会改善。
Many people ______ with the government's prediction that the economy
will improve.
agree
4.这些管子应该是用塑料制作的。
The pipes should____________ plastic.
be made of
5.任何颜色的颜料都可以用原色制成。
Any color of paint can ______________ the primary colors.
be made from
Ⅳ.短文填空
（2023·成都中考改编）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文
完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）
actual, advantage, child, difficult, tell, difference, silence, however, many,
possible
Do you believe a rose plant says “I want some water” or a tree
shouts “My arms hurt” Maybe you will say this could only happen in
some 1._________ stories.
children's
In fact, plants are not always 2.______. A recent study has found
plants shout when they are in need of water or having their stems cut.
“Even in a quiet field, there are 3.________ some sounds that carry
information. 4._________, the pitch （音高） is too high for people to
hear,” said Lilach Hadany, a professor from Tel Aviv University.
The researchers used microphones to record some tomato plants and
found that stressed plants send out 5.______ sounds than unstressed
plants. “When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet,”
Professor Hadany said. They also trained a machine in 6._______ the
silent
actually
However
more
telling
differences between thirsty plants and cut plants. The result shows that
when the causes of stress change, they shout 7.__________. After the
team recorded many kinds of other plants, they found that many plants
like corn, wheat and grape plants send out sounds when they are under
stress, too.
“There is a 8.__________ that a lot of communication is happening,”
Professor Hadany said. “Because other plants can probably hear the call
of the stressed plants.”
differently
possibility
Sound recordings of plants could bring humans lots of
9.___________, especially in farming. For example, people will make sure
whether corn is getting enough water or where water is needed most
without much 10._________.
advantages
difficulty
Ⅴ.任务型阅读
（2023·衡阳中考改编）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
The Dolphin 1 is a kind of intelligent water rescue （救援） robot.
It is independently developed by Yunzhou Technology, a company from
Guangdong Province.
The rescue robot became famous for its successful rescue of a boy
who was washed away by waves in Weihai, Shandong Province on Aug
9, 2022. The Dolphin 1 has many advantages. For example, it has high
floatage （漂浮性）, and its direction can be controlled. The Dolphin 1
can overturn （翻转） to adjust its position even in dangerous water
conditions by itself. It is not hard to be remote-controlled （遥控） with
one hand and the person who uses it does not need to have professional
training before using it. When one accident happens, only one to two
people are required to operate （操作） the robot for rapid rescue.
Since it was put into use, the Dolphin 1 has saved several people's
lives in Zhuhai's Wanshan Island and coastal areas of Weihai. It has been
put into operation in rescue tasks in Jiangxi and Henan provinces.
At present, the intelligent water rescue robot has been widely used
in China. And more than 40 countries, including the United States of
America, Spain, Italy, and Australia, have introduced the Dolphin 1 for
rapid water rescue operation.
1.What does the underlined word “intelligent” in Paragraph 1 mean in
Chinese
It means “________” in Chinese.
智能的
2.How many people are only required to operate the robot for rapid
rescue if an accident happens
If an accident happens, ___________people are only required to do that.
one to two
3.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
It mainly talks about_________________________________.
advantages of the water rescue robot
4.Where has the water rescue robot been put into operation in rescue
tasks
It has been put into operation in rescue tasks ___________________.
at home and abroad
5.Which part of a newspaper might the passage come from
It might come from the ________ part of a newspaper.
science
thanks