Module 6 Hobbies Unit 3 Language in use句子成分和简单句课件(共22张PPT)2023-2024学年外研版八年级英语下册

(共22张PPT)
八年级下册
句子成分和简单句
句子成分
01
句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
一、主语
主语: 说明句子所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
Lucy likes her new car very much.
He goes to and from school by bike every day.
To learn English well is a good choice.
Doing exercise makes us strong and healthy.
Lucy
He
To learn English well
名词做主语
代词
动词不定式
Doing exercise
动名词
常犯错误
1. He father looks tired.
2. Eat vegetables is important.
His father
(1) To eat vegetables
(2) Eating vegetables
▲ 动词原形不能做主语！
二、谓语
谓语:说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语只能用动词充当。
We study hard.我们努力学习。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is like his father. 他像他父亲。
study
caught
is
常犯错误
1. He by bus to school.
2. The book on the shelf.
He goes to school by bus.
The book is on the shelf.
▲ 介词不是动词！
三、宾语
宾语: 宾语是动作的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，说明主语做 “什么”。
Tom bought a story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. 昨天我看到他了。
He decided to run away from home. 他决定离家出走。
I started swimming when I was five.我五岁开始游泳。
a story-book
him
to run away from home
swimming
四、表语
表语：说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”；与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当；用在系动词后面。
I am a student.
Betty looks beautiful today.
My dream is to be a doctor.
His hobby was playing basketball.
The leaves turns yellow in autumn.
a student
beautiful
to be a doctor
playing basketball
yellow
五、定语
定语：修饰名词或代词的成分，除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语都可以作定语。
a difficult man 一个挑剔的人。
your classmates 你的学生
People in trouble 有困难的人
something important 有一些重要的事情
She has two children to look after. 她有两个孩子要照顾。
difficult
your
in trouble
important
to look after
六、状语
状语: 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或修饰全句的成分叫状语。作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。【表示方式、地点、时间、目的、条件等】
We usually go to work by bus.我们通常坐公交车上班。
She will arrive in Shanghai on Friday. 她将于星期五到达上
海。
To pass the test, he is studying very hard. 为了通过考试，
他正在努力学习。
by bus
on Friday
To pass the test
七、宾语补足语
宾语补足语: 有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个成分来说明宾语的情况，意思才能够完整，这个成分叫宾语补足语。
They ask me to go to school. 他们叫我上学。
You should keep your room tidy. 你应该保持房间整洁。
简单句型
02
英语句子由主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语或状语等组成。
一个句子如果只有一个主语和一个谓语，我们称之为简单句。即使有两个主语或两个谓语，只要是并列主语或并列谓语，也仍然是简单句。
(1) S+V（主＋谓），简称“主谓”
这类句型中的动词为不及物动词，不需要跟宾语，但可跟状语。
主语 谓语 状语
The first book came out in 2009.
The rain has stopped.
The birds are singing happily.
(2) S+V+P（主＋系＋表），简称“主系表”
这类句型中的谓语动词是系动词，其后跟表语，说明主语的状态、特征等。可作表语的有形容词、名词、介词短语等。
常见的系动词和有系动词用法的词有：be\ look\ seem\ smell\ taste\ sound\ keep\ remain\ stay\ become\ get\ grow\ turn\ go\ fall等。
主语 系动词 表语 状语
These books are interesting
Tom feels very happy today.
(3) S+V+O（主＋谓＋宾），简称“主谓宾”
这类句型中的动词为及物动词，动词后必须跟宾语，但只跟一个宾语。
状语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语
I bought a very good book last week.
Every morning my mother prepares breakfast for me.
(4) S+V+IO+DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾），简称“主谓双宾”
这类句型中的动词为及物动词，其后跟双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
His hobby has brought him enjoyment.
My aunt sent me a box of chocolate last week
My mother bought me a pen. 我妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。
=
My mother bought a pen for me.
注意：两个宾语的位置可以改变。如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语要加介词to、for等。
(5) S+V+O+C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补），简称“主谓宾宾补”
宾补可以由形容词、分词、不定式、名词或介词短语等来充当。
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 状语
The news made everyone happy
We can help you develop new skills step by step
接不带to的不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时表达的意义不同:
see sb do sth(看见某人做了某事或经常做某事)
see sb doing sth(看见某人正在做某事)。
(6)There be +主语（+状语），即there be句型。
there be句型中，be的单复数由后面的主语决定。当有两个或以上的主语时，坚持“就近原则”。
There________ a book and many cups on the table .
There _______ many cups and a book on the table
is
are
基础演练
一、句子结构题: 说明句子属于哪种结构。
A. 主谓 (+状) B. 主谓宾(+状)
C. 主系表(+状) D. 主+谓+间宾+直宾(+状)
E. 主+谓+宾+宾补(+状) F. there+be+主(+状)
1. The happy news made me excited on my way home. ( )
2. Old Henry brought the students a storybook last week. ( )
3. The students study at school every day. ( )
4. There are many students in the playground. ( )
5. My sister wrote a diary yesterday. ( )
6. The weather gets warmer and warmer. ( )
E
D
A
F
B
C
二、根据所给句子，写出对应的句型结构。
7．There is a nice schoolbag on the desk.
8．I will try.
9．Little Tom looked very excited yesterday.
10．He has invited Mary to help him.
there+be+主语+地点状语.
主语+谓语.
主语+系动词+表语+时间状语.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语.