中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Lesson One
句子成分分析:
难点分析(1):
难点分析(2)
难点分析(3):
难点分析(4):
归纳 拓展 其他“ 情态动词+have done”的用法: ( 1)should/ought to have done 两者均含委婉的批评、责备之意。肯定式表示过去应该做某事而未做,意为“本应该做……”; 否定式表示做了不该做的事情,意为“本不应该做……”。 (2)can/ could have done can/could用于疑问句或否定句中,表示对过去行为可能性的推测。could have done用于肯定的陈述句中, 表示“本能够去做却没有做”。
归纳 拓展 ( ( 3)may/might have done 此结构表示对过去情况的肯定推测,但语气稍弱,意为“也许;可能”,常用于肯定句,不用于疑问句; 另外might have done还可表示委婉的责备,意为“其实(本来)可以……”。 (4)needn't have done 此结构表示一种不必要的过去行为,意为“做了本来不必做的事情……”。
难点分析(5):
主语+be+adj.+ to do(不定式表原因)
教材例句
When my English teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.
当我的英语老师走进教室时,我惊讶地发现,他就是我之前遇到的那位老人。
该句式中的形容词surprised是表示人的情感的形容词,类似的还有 shocked,amazed,excited, disappointed, delighted, happy,sorry,sad等;不定式作原因状语,表示产生这种情感的原因。
例:She will be really surprised to see you.她看到你会感到很意外。
I'm excited to see my old friend.见到我的老朋友,我很激动。
We are sad to hear that your father is in hospital again.听说你父亲又住院了,我们心里都不好受。
难点分析(6):
too...to... 太……而不能(表示否定意义)
教材例句
I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself!
我刚才太紧张了,竟然没有仔细听老师的自我介绍!
①too.…..to.….结构有时可与not….enough to... 或 so.…that.. 相互转换。
He was too weak to walk.=He was not strong enough to walk.
=He was so weak that he could not walk.
他身体太虚弱了,不能走路。
②当句子主语不是不定式的逻辑主语时,可在不定式前加上for sb.来引出其逻辑主语。
The box was too heavy for me to lift.箱子太重,我提不起来。
too...to..结构在下列情况中表示肯定意义:
①too...to...结构中含有not,never 等否定词时。
②too之前有only, simply, just 等词时。
③当too后的形容词是表示心理状态的或是描述性的形容词时,如 anxious, eager, glad,pleased,kind 等。
难点分析(7):
make+ 宾语+宾补
教材例句
Although I was embarrassed, his words made me a lot more relaxed!
尽管有些尴尬,老师的话还是让我放松了很多!
该结构主要有以下几种形式:
①make+名词/代词+形容词
②make+名词/代词+不带to的不定式
③make+名词/代词+过去分词
④make+名词/代词+名词
⑤make+it+名词/形容词+to do/从句形式宾语 真正的宾语
例
The news made him happy.这则消息使他高兴。
The teacher made him stay after school.老师让他放学后留下来。
He can make himself understood in English.他能用英语让别人理解他的意思。
This movie made him a star.这部电影使他成了一个明星。
He made it clear that he objected.他明确表示反对。
注意:
‘make+宾语+不带to的不定式’结构用于被动语态时,
to需还原。
He was made to stay after school.
难点分析(8):
not only...but(also )...不仅……而且…
教材例句
These activities not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others.
这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能,而且教会他们关心他人。
Not only…but(also)…是并列连词,连接两个在语法上并列的成分(如并列主语、谓语、表语、宾语和状语,可以由单词、短语或句子来充当这些句子成分),虽然并列,但在语意上强调 but(also)后的成分。
Not only my deskmate but also I like drawing.
不仅我同桌,而且我也喜欢画画。(连接并列主语)
He not only applied for the position but also took part in their activity.
他不仅申请了这个职位,而且还参加了他们的活动。(连接并列谓语)
The band’s performance is not only interesting but also exciting.
乐队的表演不仅有趣,而且令人兴奋。(连接并列表语)
My English teacher speaks not only English but also Russian.
我的英语老师不仅说英语,还说俄语。(连接并列宾语)
not only...but(also)...连接并列主语时,谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”。
not only只能连用,而but also既可连用,也可分开用,also也可省略。
难点分析(9):
as if 引导的表语从句:
教材例句:
I feel as if high school was only yesterday!
我觉得高中生活就像昨天发生的事一样历历在目!
look/feel/seem+as if表语从句
as if引导方式状语从句
as if从句可用陈述语气,但更常用的是虚拟语气,表示所述的情况与事实不符,as if从句谓语动词如下:
as if+分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语:
as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式。
She stood at the door as if waiting for someone.
她站在门口,好像在等人。
The senior high school student looks as if he is about to burst into tears.
这名高中生看起来好像马上就要哭了。
② Within five minutes of arriving back from holiday, it feels as if I‘ve never been away.
度假回来还没过5分钟,我就感觉好像从未离开过。
③ It seemed as if he didn’t care about everything
around him on campus.
他似乎并不关心校园里周围的一切。
难点分析(10):部分否定
数材例句:
But life is not always easy.
可是生活并非总是一帆风顺。
所谓部分否定,是针对完全否定而言的。
根据否定程度的大小,我们可以将否定划分为完全否定和部分否定。比较:
He is always late for class.他上课总是迟到。(肯定)
He is never late for class.他上课从不迟到。(否定)
He is not always late for class.他上课并非总是迟到。(部分否定)
常见部分否定结构:
not always并不总是
not completely并非完全
not altogether 并非完全
not totally并非完全
not all并非所有(的)
not both并非两者都
not every并非每个
not everyone/everybody并非每个人
not everything并非一切事物
全部否定:表示全部否定意义的词(none,
neither, nothing,nobody, no one,never等)与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。
None of my friends came.我的朋友一个都没来。
We know nothing about her family.
我们对她的家庭一无所知。
难点分析(11):must have done一定做过某事
教材例句
You must have had some moments when you were disappointed.
你肯定也经历过灰心丧气的时刻。
must have done是“情态动词+have
done”结构,表示对过去情况的肯定推测,仅用于肯定句中。must表示推测还可用于以下结构:
must do...对现在情况的肯定推测
must be doing…对现在正在进行的动作的肯定推测
can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事
could have done 本能够做某事而未做
may/might have done 可能做过某事
should have done 本该做某事而未做
shouldn't have done本不该做某事却做了
needn't have done本没必要做某事却做了
难点分析(12):
if so如果是这样的话
教材例句
If so,how did you deal with them 在这种情况下,你是如何应对的呢
if so是省略句式,if用作连词,so代替
上文的肯定内容,以避免重复。而 if not意为“如果不是这样的话;不然,否则”。
if possible如果可能的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if any如果有的话
if ever如果有过/发生过
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