1．compose v．创作；组成，构成→composer n．作曲家→composition n．构图；构成，成分；作品；作曲艺术
2．educate v．教育，教导；训练→educator n．教育家；教育工作者→educated adj.受过良好教育的；有教养的→education n．教育；培养，训练
3．resolve vt.&vi.解决；表决；决心，决定 n．决心，坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚决
4．inquire vi.&vt.询问，打听→inquiry n．询问；探究；质问
5．comprehend v．理解；领悟→comprehension n．理解力，领悟能力；理解练习
6．assume v．假定，假设；承担→assumption n．假定，假设
refresh vt.刷新(网页)；使恢复精力；使想起
①He refreshed himself with a cool shower. 使恢复精力
②He had to refresh his memory by looking at his notes. 使想起
③If you refresh a web page，you click a button in order to get the most recent version of the page. 刷新(网页)
educator n．教育家；教育工作者
[例]Educators and human beings are two important social roles for teachers.
教师具有教育者和普通人的双重角色。
[知识拓展]
(1)educate v. 教育，教导；训练
educate sb.in sth. 在某方面培养某人
educate oneself 自学
educate sb.to do sth. 教育某人做某事
be well educated at 在……受过良好教育
(2)educated adj. 有教养的；受过良好教育的
education n. 教育；培养
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was educated at his local comprehensive school and then at Oxford.
②The campaign is intended to educate the public to respect(respect) the environment.
③I believe the children will be well educated(educate)，which will contribute a lot to the modernization of our country.
bound adj.一定会，很可能会；有义务(做某事)
[例]It's bound to be sunny again tomorrow.
明天肯定又是阳光明媚。
[知识拓展]
(be) bound to (do) 一定(做)；有责任或义务做某事
be bound (for...) 准备(去……)
be bound up in 热衷于……；忙于……
be bound up with 与……有密切关系
I'll be bound... 我确信……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You have done so much work that you are bound to pass(pass) the exam.
②The plane is bound for New York.
③He's too bound up in his work to have much time with his children.
keep pace with sb./sth. 与……步调一致；与……并驾齐驱
[例]She found it hard to keep pace with him as he strode off.
他大步走开了，她感到很难跟上他。
[知识拓展]
(1)at one's own pace 以某人自己的速度
set the pace 定步幅；起带头作用
(2)pace up and down 来回踱步
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We encourage all students to work at their own pace.
②Mother set the pace(母亲定好步幅) so that her children would keep up with her.
resolve vt.&vi.解决；表决；决心，决定 n．决心，坚定的信念
[例]Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences.
双方会晤以努力解决分歧。
[知识拓展]
(1)resolve to do sth. 下定决心做某事
resolve (sth.) into sth. (把……)分解为……
(2)resolution n. 决议；解决；决心
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①After the divorce she resolved never to marry(marry) again.
②The mixture resolved into two parts.
③There's some question as to whether he will sign this resolution(resolve).
inquire vi.&vt.询问，打听
[例]He inquired whether there had been any messages for him.
他询问是否有留给他的口信。
[知识拓展]
(1)inquire sth.of sb. 询问某人某事
inquire about sb./sth. 打听某人/某事的消息
inquire after sb. 问好，问候，问安
inquire into sth.＝look into sth. 调查/追究某事
(2)inquiry n. 询问
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Inspectors were appointed to inquire into the affairs of the company.
②We inquired about the way to the station.
③An official inquiry(inquire) has been launched into the cause of the accident.
subscribe vi.订阅；定期订购(或订阅等)
[例]Which journals does the library subscribe to
图书馆订有哪些报刊？
[知识拓展]
subscribe to 捐赠；订阅；同意，赞成
subscribe...to... 在……上签署……；向……捐助
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She often subscribes to an animal protection society.
②Do you think they would subscribe to such harsh terms
assumption n．假定，假设
[例]It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions.
臆断人们的反应是不可能的。
[知识拓展]
(1)on the assumption that 假定；假设
make an assumption that 假定；认为
(2)assume vt. 假定(设)；承担；呈现
assume that 假定，认为……
assume...to be... assume...to be... 认为……是……；假定……是……
assume the duty 承担责任
assuming that 假定 (作状语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①So we think it is reasonable to assume that they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.
②Assuming(assume) that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money
③We assumed the statement to be(be) true.
我们假定这种说法是真的。
强调句
(教材原句P44)I once had an art teacher，pointing out that it is not only what you can see that is important，but also what you cannot see.
我曾经有一位美术老师指出，重要的不仅是你能看到的东西，还有你看不到的东西。
句式分析：本句是一个复合句，第一个that引导宾语从句，作pointing out的宾语；第二个that是强调句，强调并列主语从句what you can see和what you cannot see。
[例1]It was in May that you can see this kind of flower.
你在五月可以看到这种花。
[例2]It was her English teacher that the girl likes best.
这女孩最喜欢的是她的英语老师。
[知识拓展]
(1)强调结构的陈述式为“It is (was) ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that (who)...”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的是人时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是人时，则只能用that(注意不用which)。
(2)一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即使用“Is/Was it＋被强调部分 ＋that/who...”。特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词(Who/What/When/Where/Why/How)＋is/was it that...”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①It was I who/that saw Tom in the park this morning.
②It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.
③引起观众们兴趣的是这个年轻人怎样学会了五种外语。
It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages that attracted the audience's interest.
there is no need to do sth.
(教材原句P45)This is not to suggest that there is no need for you to study in school but to acknowledge that refreshing your knowledge through lifelong learning is both essential and beneficial.
这并不是说你没有必要在学校学习，而是要承认，用终身学习来更新你的知识是必要的，也是有益的。
句式分析：本句中的there is no need to do sth.表示“没有必要做某事”。
[例1]There is no need to pick at him all day long.He's a child after all.
不要老是对他唠唠叨叨，他毕竟还是个孩子嘛！
[例2]There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.
你明天不必早起。
[知识拓展]
There is no doubt that... 毋庸置疑……
There is no sense/point in doing sth. 做某事毫无意义
There is no alternative but to do sth. 除了做某事别无选择
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is no doubt that grades have improved and interest in education has revived.
②There is no sense developing(develop) industry at the cost of the environment.
③For us at this moment，there is no alternative but to obey(obey) their order.
1．As I journey through my life，I have become aware that acquiring knowledge is not only a means by which you can better understand the world，but also a way of appreciating how much，as an individual，you do not know.
[分析]as引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句，作aware的宾语；not only...but also...连接并列的表语；by which引导定语从句，修饰先行词means。
[译文]在我的人生旅途中，我意识到获得知识不仅是你更好地了解世界的一种手段，也是一种欣赏你作为一个个体所不知道的东西的方式。
2．Finally，understand that it is not sufficient to simply know something or to understand what you know，because for knowledge to have concrete value，it must be applied.
[分析]that引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语；what you know是what引导的宾语从句，作understand的宾语；because引导原因状语从句。
[译文]最后，要明白仅仅知道某件事或了解你所相信的是不够的，因为知识要有具体的价值，必须加以运用。
教材 高考
1.Also，as the great educator Confucius stated，“When you know a thing，to recognize that you know it；and when you do not know a thing，to recognize that you do not know it—that is wisdom.” (2021·新高考)The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on emotion by employers，educators and others interested in promoting social well being.
2.When I drew a still life，it was impressed upon me that the blank spaces between the objects were just as vital to the success of the composition as the actual objects themselves． (2020·浙江卷)We yelled at the bear，hit pots hard，and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.
3.This is not to suggest that there is no need for you to study in school but to acknowledge that refreshing your knowledge through lifelong learning is both essential and beneficial. (2021·新高考)It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed！
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Which newspaper does your father subscribe to
2．They inquired about the matter time and again.
3．We want the kids to have the best possible education(educate).
4．Political pressure finally winkled him out and on to a plane bound for Berlin.
5．We must keep pace with the new development of modern scientific research.
6．She made a resolution(resolve) to visit her relatives more often.
7．You could never understand what it was that kept me trucking.
8．There is no need for you to concern(concern) yourself about where I was last night.
9．Their reasoning was based on a set of unstated assumptions(assume).
10．Plan your activities so that you are rested and refreshed(refresh) when something important is coming up.
Ⅱ.短语填空
take advantage of；in summary；keep pace with；be bound to；to the extent；subscribe to
1．He was too old to keep pace with the modern ideas of life.
2．Are you going to subscribe to the magazine China Youth Daily
3．The event is bound to attract wide press coverage.
4．If you're too trusting，other people will take advantage of you.
5．In summary，the two universities have something in common.
6．He said he didn't like the president，but not to the extent of wanting to attack him.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
I become aware that 1.acquiring(acquire) knowledge is not only a means 2.by which you understand the world，but also a way 3.to appreciate(appreciate) how much，as an individual，you do not know.It is not only what you can see that is important，but also what you cannot see.
It is vital to remain lifelong learners in a 4.rapidly(rapid) changing world.The change of study and work environments can make you 5.exposed(expose) to many new ideas，6.beliefs(believe)，practices and learning experiences.The production of knowledge is bound to grow rapidly.So you must be objective and make 7.yourself(you) open.Do not criticize or reject new knowledge and ideas.Take advantage 8.of opportunities for lifelong learning.
Understand it is not sufficient 9.to know(know) something or to understand what you know.One should never cease to learn.Know 10.what you know and use it；know what you do not know and embrace it.1．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去→resignation n．辞职；辞职信
2．forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)→forgiveness n．原谅，宽恕
3．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为→pretender n．冒充者
4．mercy n．仁慈，宽恕→merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的
5．legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的
6．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点→faulty adj.不完美的→faultless adj.无缺点的
outline vt.概述，概括；显示轮廓，勾勒外形 n．概要，概述；轮廓，略图
①We outlined our proposals to the committee. vt.概述
②They saw the huge building outlined against the sky. vt.显示轮廓
③You should draw up a plan or outline for the essay. n.概要
④I can only see the outline of the building. n.轮廓
appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委派；职务
[例]In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment.
在某些情况下，人们为了一个预约必须等上好几周。
[知识拓展]
(1)make an appointment with 与……约会
keep/break an appointment 践约/失约
(2)appoint vt. 任命，委派，约定(时间、地点等)
appoint sb. 任命某人
appoint sth.(for sth.) (为某事)确定(日期、场所)
appoint sb.(as) sth. 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①They appointed him as/to be captain of the England team(已任命他为英格兰队队长).
②We must appoint someone to act(act) as secretary.
③The time appointed for the meeting was 10：30.
④She made an appointment for her son to see(see) the doctor.
tear down 拆毁，拆除
[例]The city will tear down the building and create a park.
该市将拆掉这幢大楼，并建一个公园。
[知识拓展]
tear...off 把……撕掉；匆匆脱下
tear...up 把……撕碎
tear...apart 把……撕开/成碎片
tear...away 依依不舍地离开；忍痛离去；把……拿走
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①For security，tear up the paper before you put it in the trash can.
②Totally exhausted，he tore his clothes off and fell into bed.
③I found it hard to tear myself away from my new friends.
make one's fortune 发财
[例]Making friends with good fortunes would make your fortune better.
与运气好的人交朋友会使你更能成功。
[知识拓展]
(1)be in good/bad fortune 运气好/差
try one's fortune 碰运气
come into a fortune 得到财产
seek one's fortune 寻出路，去闯天下
worth a fortune 值一大笔钱
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的
unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I have been fortunate(fortune) enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer.
②I was late in getting to the station，but fortunately(fortune)，the train was late too.
③She came into a fortune(她得到一笔财产) when her grandfather died.
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
[例]You have to demonstrate that you are reliable.
你得证明自己是靠得住的。
[知识拓展]
rely vi. 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖
rely on 依靠；依赖
rely on/upon＝depend on/upon 信任；依赖
rely on sb./sth.to do/doing... 依赖某人/某物做……
rely on sb./sth.for... 依赖某人/某物……
rely on it that... 指望……；相信……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Companies rely on e mail for their employees to communicate with each other.
②You may rely on him coming/to come(come) on time.
③You can rely on it that I can finish the work on time.
worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的
[例]It is worthwhile to include really high quality illustrations.
把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。
[知识拓展]
(1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 值得做某事
(2)be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
be worth sth. 值……
(3)be worthy of being done＝be worthy to be done
值得……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She's not worth getting(get) angry with.
②It is worth popularizing(popularize) this kind of club.
③This cultural system was worthy to be studied/of being studied(study) further in the future.
④It is worthwhile paying/to pay(pay) much attention to their great value in application.
suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象
[例]As I had suspected all along，he was not a real policeman.
正如我一直所怀疑的那样，他并不是一个真的警察。
[知识拓展]
(1)suspect sb.of(doing)sth. 认为某人有(做)……之嫌疑
suspect sb.to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect that 怀疑……
(2)a suspect of... ……的犯罪嫌疑人
(3)suspicion n. 怀疑
under suspicion of... 有……的嫌疑
suspicious adj. 怀疑的，疑神疑鬼的
be suspicious of... 怀疑……
[即学即练] 句型转换/单句语法填空
①They suspect him to be a murderer.
→They suspect that he is a murderer．
②I suspected him of deliberately forgetting his purse.
③They drove away slowly to avoid arousing suspicion(suspect).
arrest n．&vt.逮捕，拘捕
[例]She was arrested for assanlt.
她因攻击他人身体而被捕。
[知识拓展]
(1)arrest sb.for sth. 因某事逮捕某人
get arrested 遭逮捕
arrest one's attention 引起某人注意
(2)under arrest 被捕
make an arrest 进行拘捕
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①A man has been arrested(已经被逮捕) in connection with the robbery.
②An unusual noise arrested his attention(引起了他的注意).
③She was under arrest on suspicion of murder.
④The police expected to make an arrest soon.
innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的
[例]In this country，you are innocent until proved guilty.
在这个国家，一个人在被证实有罪之前都是清白的。
[知识拓展]
(1)be innocent of 没有……的；无罪的
(2)innocently adv. 无辜地；无罪地；纯真地
innocence n. 清白，无辜；无罪
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He claims he has evidence which could prove his innocence(innocent).
②“Have I done something wrong？” she asked innocently(innocent).
③He was sure that the man was innocent of any crime.
there used to be...
(教材原句P2)There used to be a restaurant where this store stands—‘Big Joe’ Brady's restaurant.
以前有一家餐馆就在这家商店所在处——‘大乔’布拉迪餐厅。
句式分析：本句中的there used to be...是there be句型的一个变式。表示“曾经有过……”。
[例1]There used to be a café across the road.
在路的对面曾经有过一个咖啡馆。
[例2]There used to be a cinema here.
往日此处曾有一家电影院。
[知识拓展]
there be句型中的be可以用happen to be，seem(to be)，occur，exist等代替，用来描写事物。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①There happened to be many events(碰巧有很多大事) during his term of presidential service.
②There exists/existed a big difference(存在很大的差距) between coach leading behavior and actual cognition.
no matter what...
(教材原句P2)Well，we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time，no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.
噢，我们当晚约定二十年后再次在这里见面，不管我们的境况如何，或者我们可能得从多远赶来。
句式分析：本句中的no matter what引导让步状语从句，意为“不论什么……”。
[例1]No matter what age you are，you can lose weight by following this program.
不论你年龄多大，都可以按这套方案来减肥。
[例2]Call me when you get there，no matter what the time is.
无论什么时间，你到了那里就给我打电话。
[知识拓展]
“no matter＋疑问词”一般用于引导让步状语从句；“疑问词＋ever”可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She knew that，whatever/no matter what she decided to do，her family was right behind her.
②Don't open the door，whoever comes/no matter who comes(不管谁来).
1．But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive，for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.
[分析]本句是一个由并列连词for连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是复合句，I know Jimmy will meet me here是主句，其中包含一个省略了that的宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句。第二个分句是简单句，表示原因。
[译文]但我知道吉米如果还活着的话会在这里见我，因为他一直是世界上最真实、最可靠的人。
2．When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句；I saw后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句；wanted in Chicago是过去分词短语作定语，修饰criminal。
[译文]你划火柴点燃雪茄时，我发现你就是被芝加哥警方通缉的那个罪犯。
教材 高考
1.It was torn down then. (2020·浙江卷)Not this polar bear though—he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子).
2.But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive，for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world. (2020·北京卷)Conventionalmonitors are more reliable.
3.“As I suspected，you're not Jimmy Wells，” he said，impatiently with anger. (2017·浙江卷)She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten，eight，and six—had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn't.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．No matter who you are，quality friends should take time to find.
2．There seems to be(be) a lot of support in Congress for this move.
3．This is a permanent appointment(appoint)，requiring commitment and hard work.
4．The invading troops tore down the people's houses by force.
5．I was late，but fortunately(fortune) the meeting hadn't started.
6．Trains are reliable(rely)，cheap and best for long distance journeys.
7．The managing authorities said that Longdong is worthy of being promoted(promote) throughout the world.
8．Perhaps you had no intention of doing anything wrong but you had done it innocently(innocent).
9．I can guarantee you that you will be under arrest.
10．It was perfectly all right，he said，because the police had not suspected him of anything.
Ⅱ.短语填空
make one's fortune；lose contact；take charge of；tear down；turn up；arm in arm
1．Most of the older buildings have been torn down and replaced by modern construction.
2．Dr.Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.
3．The evening started badly when the speaker failed to turn up．
4．He came here without friends or personal possessions but made his fortune．
5．The couple walked out from the court arm in arm．
6．Though they all lived nearby，I lost contact with them really quickly.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Bob stood in the doorway of a store 1.where it used to be a restaurant.Jimmy and he dined there twenty years ago.They made an 2.appointment(appoint) to meet there again no matter 3.what their conditions might be or from what 4.distance(distant) they might have to come.Bob thought Jimmy was the truest and most 5.reliable(rely) fellow and he would come 6.to meet(meet) him.
A tall man， with collar 7.turned(turn) up to his ears， hurried towards Bob and took Bob to another place.At the corner，there was a drugstore 8.with bright electric lights.Bob could see the man was not Jimmy.The man told Bob he 9.was arrested(arrest) and gave him a note from Jimmy.
Jimmy told Bob that he was instantly recognized as the 10.criminal(crime) wanted in Chicago and got a plain clothes man to arrest him.1．passion n．强烈情感；酷爱→passionate adj.热情的；热烈的
2．anticipate vt.预计；预料→anticipation n．预料；预见；预知
3．consult vt.请教；商量；查阅→consultation n．咨询，商讨，协商→consultant n．顾问；会诊医师
4．reception n．接待，接待会；招待→receptionist n．接待员
5．operate vt.操作，使运行 vi.运转，工作；经营，营业→operation n．操作；运转；手术
operate vt.操作，使运行 vi.运转，工作；经营；动手术
①Solar panels can only operate in sunlight. 运转
②What skills are needed to operate this machinery？ 操作
③They plan to operate from a new office in Edinburgh. 经营
④We will have to operate on his eyes. 动手术
attain vt.获得；达到
[例]The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.
猎豹的奔跑速度每小时可达97公里。
[知识拓展]
(1)attain one's goal 实现某人的目标
attain power 获得权力
attain to perfection 达到完美的境地
(2)attainable adj. 可以达到的，可以获得的
attainment n. 达到；获得
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①This standard is easily attainable(attain) by most students.
②The attainment(attain) of his ambitions was still a dream.
③We have to make every effort to attain our goals(实现我们的目标).
passion n．酷爱；强烈情感
[例]There was a warmth and passion about him I never knew existed.
他身上有一股我从不知道的热情和激情。
[知识拓展]
have a passion for 酷爱……；对……有热情
get into a passion 突然发怒
in a passion 发怒
develop a passion for music 酷爱音乐
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We have a passion for design and wish to share with you!
②That girl stamps her foot when she is in a passion.
anticipate vt.预料；预计
[例]We anticipate that sales will rise next year.
我们预料明年销售量将会增加。
[知识拓展]
(1)anticipate doing sth. 预测/预见发生……
anticipate that... 预测/预见……
It is anticipated that... 据预测……
(2)anticipated adj. 受期待的；令人期盼的
(3)anticipation n. 预料；预见；预知
in anticipation of 期待着；预计到
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The eagerly anticipated(anticipate) movie will be released next month.
②They anticipate moving(move) to bigger premises by the end of the year.
③She tensed her muscles in anticipation(anticipate) of the blow.
superior adj.更好的，占优势的 n．级别(或地位、职位)更高的人
[例]This model is technically superior to its competitors.
这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。
[知识拓展]
(1)be superior to 比……优越(更好、更强)
be inferior to 次于……；不如……
be junior to 比……年轻/资历浅
be senior to 比……年长/资历深
(2)superiority n. 优势；优越感
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The home side rubbed in their superiority(superior) with a further goal.
②If children were made to feel inferior to other children，their confidence declined.
③His job is to give instructions to people junior to him(资历比他浅的人).
consultant n．顾问；会诊医师
[例]Top style consultants will leave you buzzing with new ideas.
高级时尚顾问会使你的头脑充满新鲜想法。
[知识拓展]
(1)consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查找
consult sb.about sth. 向某人咨询某事；
向某人请教某事
consult (with) sb.(about/on sth.) (就某事)与某人商量
consult a dictionary for the meaning of a word
查词典找某词的词义
(2)consultation n. 咨询，商讨，协商
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①An increasing number of clients are consulting them about Social Security changes.
②The minister today consulted(consult) with the president about the event.
③If the pain continues，consult your doctor(咨询你的医师)without delay.
operate vt.操作，使运行 vi.运转，工作；经营；营业
[例]This machine doesn't operate smoothly.
这台机器运转不畅了。
[知识拓展]
(1)operate on/upon sb. 给某人做手术
operate a business 经营一家企业
(2)operation n. 操作；运转；手术
perform an operation 做一台手术
come/go into operation 开始运转，实施起来
be in operation 在运转中的；操作中的，实施中的
bring/put sth.into operation 使……实施；使……开始工作/运转
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The doctor operated on a patient for a tumour.
②The new rules come into operation(operate) from next week.
③They planned to operate a drinking club(经营一个酒吧俱乐部).
hire vt.&vi.聘用，雇用；租用 n．新雇员；租借
[例]We hired a local guide to get us across the mountains.
我们雇了一名当地人做向导带领我们翻山越岭。
[知识拓展]
hire out 租出去；受雇
on hire 出租
for hire 出租
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The company was in the business to hire out cars to businessmen.
②When one buys something on hire purchase，one has to pay out each month.
it作形式宾语
(教材原句P31)Our rapidly changing workplace makes it necessary for us to keep up and develop new skills.
我们瞬息万变的工作环境使我们有必要跟上并增加新的技能。
句式分析：本句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep up and develop new skills。
[例1]I find it difficult to do the job well.
我发现做好这份工作不容易。
[例2] Even now I find it hard to believe her story.
即使现在我发现仍然很难相信她的话。
[知识拓展]
it作形式宾语还可以用于以下句型：
(1)动词＋it＋that从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have，take，put，like 等。
(2)动词＋it＋when (if)从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等。
(3)动词＋prep.＋it＋that从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to，look to，insist on，stick to，rely on，answer for 等。
(4)动词＋it＋介词短语＋that从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted，bring it to sb.'s attention，owe it to sb.等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You can put it that it was arranged before.
②We really appreciate it when she offered to help.
③You may rely on it that he'll come to meet you.
1．However，earning a living is by no means the only reason why we work—there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work.
[分析]本句是一个复合句，why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，that在从句中作主语。
[译文]然而，谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因，促使我们进入工作世界的还有其他重要的原因。
2．Wherever life takes us and whatever choices are laid out before us，something worth remembering is that our work，when done well，will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others.
[分析]wherever和whatever引导让步状语从句；that引导表语从句；when done well是省略句，省略了it is。
[译文]无论生活把我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的选择是什么，值得记住的是，当工作做得好时，它不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助我们为自己和他人创造生活。
教材 高考
1.Yang Liwei，for example，driven by his passion for flying，became a pilot and then China's first astronaut in space. (2020·北京卷)“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age，” Matt added.
2.Twenty years ago，positions in social technologies or energy efficiency did not even exist，and it is difficult to anticipate the new positions which will emerge twenty years from now. (2020·新高考)So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.
3.Currently，a heavy focus is put on training in “hard skills”，such as machine operating and software programming. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)On public holidays，generally a Sunday timetable operates.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They have bicycles on hire，1.5 yuan an hour.
2．The operation(operate) could prolong his life by two or three years.
3．If we had consulted him on/about the question yesterday，we should know what to do now.
4．It cannot be questioned that the new method is superior to the old one.
5．Test results and application of production showed that the unit achieved the anticipated(anticipate) target of design.
6．He considered it his duty to go to the front.
7．You must demonstrate your passion for the role you seek.
8．He wished to earn a living through writing but despaired of doing so.
9．The personnel manager has been casting about for somebody who can act as receptionist(reception).
10．The three men were given work according to their respective(respect) abilities.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be satisfied with；contribute to；earn a living；be engaged in；be fond of；for the benefit of
1．He was virtually driven to this job，because he could not earn a living in any other way.
2．You need people working for the benefit of the community.
3．We were fond of the house and didn't want to leave.
4．If you are not satisfied with your purchase we will give you a full refund.
5．They are engaged in talks with the Irish government.
6．English chat will contribute to improving your English composition ability.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Some think we have to work.Some argue that our education is geared towards 1.preparing(prepare) us for a life of work.But earning a living is not the only reason 2.why we work.
All of us have had dreams and work often enables us to pursue those dreams.Work allows us the opportunity to be 3.engaged(engage) in something we are fond of and it can also give us a great sense of achievement and 4.satisfaction(satisfy).
We must practise our skills 5.constantly(constant).It is necessary to keep up and develop new skills.No one can afford to be satisfied with the status quo.We must adapt 6.ourselves(our) to new circumstances better and be ready and willing to acquire new skills.
The different kinds of jobs are like gears in a machine，7.which work to ensure that the machine we call “society” functions 8.properly(proper).All jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another.No matter what kinds of jobs we do，we all make our respective 9.contributions(contribute).
Our work will not only help us make 10.a living，but also help make a life for ourselves and for others.1．react vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→reaction n．反应；反作用力
2．competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的→competence n．能力，胜任；技能
3．suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服→suitable adj.合适的；适当的
4．negotiate vi.&vt.谈判；商定，达成(协议)→negotiation n．协商；谈判
5．clarify vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明→clarification n．阐明；澄清
6．knowledge n．知识→knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的
7．approve vi.&vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→approval n．批准；同意，赞成
suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服
①Choose a computer to suit your particular needs. vt.满足需要
②Blue suits you.You should wear it more often. vt.相配
③The consultants were a group of men in sharp suits. n.套装
competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的
[例]I had always considered myself a strong，competent woman.
一直以来，我始终认为自己是个女强人。
[知识拓展]
(1)be competent to do sth. 能胜任做某事
be competent at doing sth. 善于做某事
(2)competence n. 能力；胜任；技能，本领
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His competence(competent) in dealing with demanding problems surprised me.
②She is very competent at communicating(communicate).
③Make sure the firm is competent to carry(carry) out the work.
suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服
[例]He can be very helpful，but only when it suits him.
有时候他非常乐意帮忙，不过那得是他觉得合适的时候。
[知识拓展]
(1)suit sb. 适合某人
suit...to... 使……适合……
be suited for/to... 适合……
(2)suitable adj. 合适的，适当的
be suitable for sb./sth. 适合某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He and his wife are well suited to each other.
②He tried to suit his performance to the audience.
③The show is not suitable(suit) for children.
negotiate vi.&vt.谈判；商定，达成(协议)
[例]We tried to negotiate a lower price but they wouldn't budge an inch.
我们试图把价还低一些，但他们寸步不让。
[知识拓展]
(1)negotiate with sb.about/over sth. 与某人商议某事/谈判某事
negotiate sth.with sb. 通过与某人商议/谈判解决某事；洽谈
(2)negotiation n. 协商；谈判
under negotiation 在商谈中
in negotiation with 和……协商中
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The company needs to negotiate with employees about changing labor contract content.
②The details of the contract are still under negotiation.
③The trade union leader was in negotiation with the manager.
clarify vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明
[例]Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position.
谢谢你的来信，并允许我阐明目前的立场。
[知识拓展]
(1)clarify matters 澄清真相
clarify one's remarks 把话说清楚
clarify one's stand/position 阐明某人的立场
(2)clarification n. 澄清
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①He clarified his stand(阐明他的立场) on the issue.
②He was asked to make some further clarification(clarify).
sympathy n．同情；赞同
[例]I have no sympathy—you brought it all on yourself.
我根本不同情你——这都怪你自己。
[知识拓展]
express/feel/have sympathy for sb. 对某人表示同情
out of sympathy for 出于对……的同情
have no sympathy with 不同意(情)……
in sympathy with 支持……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I feel great sympathy for him.
②The seamen went on strike in sympathy with the dockers.
③He devoted himself to charity out of sympathy for the poor(出于对穷人的同情).
account for sth.是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占
[例]Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.
计算机占该国商业用电的5%。
[知识拓展]
account vt. 认为
vi. 说明(原因等)，是……的原因；
(指数量等)占n. 账目；叙述，报道；
原因，理由；利润，利益
on no account 决不(置于句首用部分倒装)
on account of 因为；由于
take...into account(consideration) 把……考虑在内
keep an account of 记录，记载
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injury(由于他的伤).
②You should take the factor of her age into account.
③On no account should the house be left unlocked.
approve vi.&vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)
[例]The minister approved the building plans.
部长批准了这个建筑计划。
[知识拓展]
(1)approve the report/plan 批准这份报告/计划
approve of sb.'s doing sth. 同意某人做某事
approve of sth./sb. 赞成某事/同意某人
(2)approval n. [U]批准，认可，赞同
give one's approval to 批准
general approval 一致同意
with approval of 经过……的批准
subject to sb.'s approval 需得到某人的批准
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He doesn't approve of my leaving(leave) school this year.
②He showed his approval(approve) by smiling.
③The prime minister has given his approval to the plan.
状语从句的省略
(教材原句P16)When spoken by a stranger，they can function as a means of attracting your attention.
当陌生人说话时，它们可以作为吸引你注意力的一种手段。
句式分析：本句中When spoken by a stranger是一个省略句，省略了they are，完整句子是When they are spoken by a stranger。
[例1]While(I was) waiting，I was reading some magazines.
我一边看杂志，一边等。
[例2]Though (they were) tired，they went on working.
虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。
[知识拓展]
(1)如果状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语出现be动词时，可以把状语从句中的主语和be动词省略。
(2)在状语从句中出现it和be动词的时候，可以把从句中的it和be动词省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Fill in the application as instructed(instruct).
②He danced about as if (he was) in search of something(似乎在寻找什么).
③If necessary(必要的话)，the airship can stay up there for days to keep out of danger.
not only...but also...
(教材原句P16)Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them.
我们所交流的许多东西，不仅取决于我们使用的单词，还取决于我们如何使用它们。
句式分析：本句中的not only...but also...结构，表示“不但……而且……”，连接并列的原因状语。
[例1]She not only plays well，but also writes music.
她不仅演奏得很好，而且还会作曲。
[例2]We go there not only in winter，but also in summer.
我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。
[知识拓展]
(1)在not only...but also结构中，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。
(2)为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not only the students but also their teacher is(be) enjoying the film.
②Not only do they need clothing，but they are also short of water.
1．Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member or co worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation.
[分析]本句中的depending on...是动词 ing形式短语在句中作状语，whether引导宾语从句；which引导宾语从句，作decide的宾语。
[译文]根据你是否正在与陌生人、朋友、家人或同事沟通，你需要决定哪一个沟通渠道最适合这种情况。
2．You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from，which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.
[分析]where引导宾语从句，作see的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。
[译文]你可能不赞成他们的想法，但至少你会明白这些想法从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。
教材 高考
1.Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member or co worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. (2020·江苏卷)If you look at all sides of the situation，you'll find probably a solution that suits everyone.
2.Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).
3.Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them. (2020·江苏卷)There，he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Not only the students but also the teacher loves(love) their school very much.
2．The exhibition is more interesting than expected(expect).
3．For a moment，Arnold was full of sympathy for Mr Wilson.
4．The article is ready to be published，subject to your approval(approve).
5．China accounts for 70 percent of global silk production.
6．Mr Winchester is impressively knowledgeable(knowledge) about all manner of things.
7．He asked for clarification(clarify) of the government's position.
8．We negotiated with him to buy one of the sketches.
9．Would now be a suitable(suit) moment to discuss my report
10．Some young teachers are not so competent at their teaching.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in response；refer to；approve of；put yourself in one's shoes；account for；negotiate with
1．I don't approve of violence in any shape or form.
2．It is not clear whether the president is willing to negotiate with the democrats.
3．The social services account for a large part of public spending.
4．The country slowed but did not stop its nuclear policy in response．
5．Put yourself in his shoes—so as to see things through his eyes.
6．I mention this point now in passing and shall refer to it again.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Communication is the process of 1.exchanging(exchange) information between a sender and a receiver.The sender encodes and sends 2.a message and the receiver receives it and decodes it.Then the receiver sends feedback.The process can be 3.challenging(challenge)，but you can become a competent communicator with practice and 4.patience(patient).You should obtain full information and then determine how to communicate 5.with them.Body language is 6.equally(equal) important，7.which reveals your thoughts and attitudes.At the same time，you should not ignore the other person's body language.You should adjust your communication 8.accordingly(according).The value of empathy should not be understated.Try to understand the other person's emotions.You can make 9.adjustments(adjust) to your tone and choice of words to make the other person engage in the discussion and make the communication more 10.effective(effect).
