阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What is the writer's feeling before he walks out onto the stage
A．Relieved. B．Anxious.
C．Complex. D．Worried.
2．Why did the writer feel ill after he completed his essay
A．Because he had to stay up to finish it.
B．Because he missed the deadline.
C．Because he was much satisfied with his essay.
D．Because he had another essay to write.
[答案] 1—2 CA
occupation n．工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用
[例]I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure.
我想我在找的是一份具有冒险性的工作。
[知识拓展]
(1)under occupation 在占领之下，占领中
lose one's occupation 失业
by occupation 职业上
(2)occupy v. 占用；占据，占领；使忙碌，使从事
be occupied in doing sth./with sth. 忙于(做)某事
occupy oneself in doing sth./with sth. 使忙于(做)某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The areas under occupation contained major industrial areas.
②I have been occupied in reading(read) books.
③She occupied herself(her) with routine office tasks.
reflect on 思考；回想
[例]I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision.
我希望未来的几年里他会反省自己的决定。
[知识拓展]
(1)reflect vt. 映射；反射
vi.&vt. 思考，反省，深思
reflect sb./sth.in... 在……里映射出某人/物的影像；
通过……来表达/表明……
be reflected in sth. 倒映在……中，在……中看到
reflect sth.from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflect on/upon/over sth. 认真思考某事，沉思某事
reflect well/badly on sb. 给人以好/坏的印象
(2)reflection n. 反射；映像；反映；深思；考虑
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The little girl looked at her face reflected in the river.
②The incident reflects badly on everyone involved.
③The increase in crime is a sad reflection(reflect) on our society today.
compose oneself 使自己镇定下来
[例]He lay back on the bed and tried to compose himself.
他躺在床上，尽力使自己镇定下来。
[知识拓展]
(1)compose v. 组成，构成；作曲，创作(音乐)
compose a letter/speech/poem 撰写一封信函/一篇演讲稿/一首诗歌
(2)composed adj. 组成的；镇静的
be composed of 由……组成/构成
(3)composer n. 创作者；作曲者；作曲家
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The force would be composed of troops from seven countries.
②Laura was very calm and composed(compose).
③The composer(compose) was one of many illustrious visitors to the town.
reference n．参考；提到；推荐信 vt.查阅，参考
[例]Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference.
把电话号码表放在电话旁边，方便查找。
[知识拓展]
(1)have reference to 和……有关系
in/with reference to 关于
(2)refer to 提到，说到，就……而言；
参考，查阅；与……有关系；涉及
(3)refer...to... 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助等)
refer to...as... 将……称为……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She referred to the subject several times during her speech.
②I am writing with/in reference to your job application.
③Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend.
with复合结构
(教材原句P54)I remembered visiting my favourite professor，a tall gentleman with his beard and hair going grey，during his office hours for the first time.
我记得第一次在我最喜欢的教授的办公时间拜访他，是一位胡子和头发都变白的高个子绅士。
句式分析：本句中的with his beard and hair going grey是“with＋n.＋动词 ing形式”结构，在句中作伴随状语。
[例1]He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.
全班同学看着他，他感到更不自然了。
[例2]I'd like to see the new film with time permitting.
如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。
[知识拓展]
with复合结构中除了可以跟动词 ing形式外，还有以下结构：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词
(2)with＋宾语＋副词
(3)with＋宾语＋介词短语
(4)with＋宾语＋过去分词
(5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He fell asleep with the lamp burning(burn).
②All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock).
③I can't go out with all these clothes to wash(wash).
④Don't speak with your mouth full of food(满嘴的食物).
文章出处
文章出处推断是高考英语阅读中一个比较常见的考点，主要考查学生能否根据文章主题、内容特点、文体特征、语言风格等判断出所读文章的出处。
[例文]
The big fire in April that tore through the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris (巴黎圣母院) is still fresh in people's minds.
So a US publishing company GoArchitect organized the People's Design Competition to invite designers worldwide to share their ideas of rebuilding the French landmark.In the end，Chinese architects Cai Zeyu and Li Sibei won the competition with their striking design.
Named “Paris Heartbeat”，the design replaces the old top with a kaleidoscope (万花筒) of multifaceted mirrors，which is combined with a mirror roof，reflecting the ever changing urban environment.
The kaleidoscope is the floating “time capsule”，at the top using magnetic levitation (磁悬浮) technology，which is meant to open every half century.
“I believe that the ‘time capsule’ can be achieved with present technology，” Cai told the Global Times.
Though people still don't know what kind of design the French government will choose，it's clear that people around the world hope that the lost beauty of Notre Dame will come back.
[解题技巧]
1．根据文章的主要内容进行判断，如介绍某产品性能的文章可能来自广告；介绍某人生平事迹的文章可能来自传记；介绍浅显的科学知识的文章可能选自学生用的教材或杂志；介绍新型交通工具的文章可能来自报纸上有关科技的版面；介绍某处名胜或景点的文章可能出自旅游杂志、休闲杂志等。
2．根据文章的关键信息进行判断，如含有网址或与其相关的词汇表达(如click)的文章可能出自网站；含有experiment，research等词的文章可能来自科学报告或研究论文；含有admission，routes等词的文章可能来自旅行指南；含有food，health等词的文章可能来自健康杂志或报纸的健康版块。
◆Where is the passage possibly taken from
A．An entertainment magazine.
B．A newspaper.
C．A geography textbook.
D．A guidebook.
B [根据文章可知，本文介绍了巴黎圣母院被大火烧毁后，GoArchitect公司组织了一场设计大赛，两个中国设计师设计的“巴黎心跳”赢得了比赛，文章具体介绍了该设计的构思。由此可推知，文章最有可能出自报纸。故选B。]
[即学即练]
People speak English in different parts of the world.The same words can be used in different ways，depending on where you live.People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words.Editors want to find the regional differences in English around the world.They want to expand its record of the language.
The OED，BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the United Kingdom.It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary.
Now，the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world.Eleanor Maier，an editor at OED，said the response has been great.Editors are listing a bunch of suggestions to include in the dictionary.
...
“The OED aims to cover all types of English，” Maier said.That includes scientific words，slang and regional language...
The appeal is called Words Where You Are.It is looking for more suggestions.“We were surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include，” said Maier.
◆Which part of a newspaper does this passage probably come from
A．Entertainment.
B．Sports.
C．Culture.
D．Health.
[答案] C阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why the lecture mentioned a ship without an anchor
A．To stress the importance of processes.
B．To stress the importance of responsibility.
C．To stress the importance of successes.
D．To stress the importance of failures.
2．According to the passage，which does not belong to the meaning of taking responsibility for students' studies
A．To practice the virtue of courage.
B．To meet deadlines for your homework.
C．To follow your teachers' guidance.
D．To aim for academic excellence.
[答案] 1—2 BA
resign vt.&vi.辞职，辞去
[例]Somebody in the know told me he's going to resign.
有知情者告诉我他要辞职了。
[知识拓展]
(1)resign (one's post) as... 辞去……职务
resign as sth. 辞职；辞去(某职务)
resign oneself to 听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)
resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任；顺从
(2)resigned adj. 屈服的；顺从的；无奈的
(3)resignation n. 辞职；辞呈
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He had resigned himself to watching(watch) the European Championships on television.
②He resigned as Home Secretary and returned to the back benches.
③There were calls for her resignation(resign) from the board of directors.
guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
[例]The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence.
陪审团裁决被告无罪。
[知识拓展]
(1)be guilty of 犯……罪
be/feel guilty about... 对……感到内疚
(2)guilt n. 内疚；犯罪；罪行
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was found guilty of handling stolen goods.
②She feels guilty about spending less time lately with her two kids.
ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
[例]His daughter looked such a mess that he was ashamed of her.
他为女儿的邋遢样子感到羞愧。
[知识拓展]
(1)be ashamed of (doing) sth.因(做了)某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事；因难为情而不愿做某事
be ashamed that... 对……感到内疚
(2)shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
(3)shameful adj. 不体面的
shameless adj. 不知羞耻的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She was ashamed of having failed/failing(fail) in the examination.
②She was ashamed to tell(tell) anyone that she had fallen in love with him.
③It is a shame that you can't stay with us.
forgive vt.&vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
[例]I'd never forgive myself if she heard the truth from someone else.
如果她从别人那里听到了真相，我永远不会原谅自己。
[知识拓展]
(1)forgive sb.sth. 原谅某人某事
forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事原谅某人
forgive and forget 既往不咎
(2)forgiveness n. 原谅；饶恕
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Forgive me for interrupting(interrupt)，but I really don't agree with that.
②Would they forgive and forget(他们会既往不咎) or show him the door
③They went down on their knees and begged for forgiveness(forgive).
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
[例]He was disappointed to see she wasn't at the party.
看到她没来参加晚会，他感到很失望。
[知识拓展]
(1)disappoint vt. 使失望
(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(3)disappointment n. 失望；灰心
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The outcome of the court case was disappointing(disappoint) for the family involved.
②To our great disappointment(disappoint)，it rained every day of the trip.
pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
[例]He pretended to his family that everything was fine.
他对家人佯称一切都好。
[知识拓展]
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to be＋n. 自诩/自称/自认为……
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装做了某事
pretend that... 假装……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She pretended to be studying(study) when his mother came back.
②The boy pretended to have fallen(fall) asleep when his father came back.
③He pretended to be a reporter(他自称是名记者) and managed to get in.
mercy n．仁慈，宽恕
[例]After the boat's motor failed，they were at the mercy of the weather.
船的马达坏了，他们只能听命于天气了。
[知识拓展]
(1)without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地
at the mercy of 任……处置，对……无能为力
show mercy to... 怜悯……
have mercy on 对……表示怜悯
(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽容的
merciless adj. 无情的，残忍的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He showed mercy to the thief and let him go.
②You tell me what I need to know and I'll be merciful(mercy).
③Fishermen are always at the mercy of the force of nature(任由自然力量的摆布).
discouraged adj.灰心的
[例]Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult.
如果练习太难，学习者就可能感到很没信心。
[知识拓展]
(1)discourage vt. 使丧失勇气；使泄气；使气馁；
阻拦，劝阻
discourage sb.from doing sth. 劝阻某人做某事
(2)discouragement n. 挫折，气馁，泄气，阻拦，扫兴(的事)
(3)discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His parents discouraged him from joining(join) the air force.
②If you meet with any difficulty in your study，don't be discouraged(discourage).
③I shouldn't have made those discouraging(discourage) remarks.
not...without...
(教材原句P12)A man cannot be perfected without trials.
一个人不经考验是不可能完美的。
句式分析：本句中的not...without...意为“没有……就不能……”，是一个双重否定结构，表示肯定。双重否定常用not，never，nothing加介词without或具有否定意义的派生词来表示。
[例1]She never goes anywhere without her laptop computer.
她身边总是带着笔记本电脑。
[例2]At that moment I knew if I set my mind to something，nothing is impossible.
在那一刻我意识到如果我下定决心做某件事，一切皆有可能。
[知识拓展]
(1)常见的双重否定结构还有：
no(not)...no(not)... 没有……没有……
no/never...without... 没有……不……
nothing...not/no... 没有……不……
(2)常见的否定形式表示肯定意义的结构还有：
can not/never...too... 越……越……；无论……也不过分
can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
can't help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Hearing the word，he can not help laughing(laugh).
②Hard work results in success and you can achieve nothing without making any effort(你没有作出努力就不能实现任何事情).
③You can not be too careful(你再怎么小心也不过分) while crossing the busy street.
篇章结构题
此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查学生的阅读理解能力。
解题技巧——把脉络看结构
篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：
(1)Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage
(2)Which of the following shows the organization/structure of the (whole) passage
因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种：
注意：
1．文章的段落组织通常采用“总—分，分—总，总—分—总”的框架。
2．内容的展开则常用以下手法：
(1)时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况；
(2)空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明；
(3)例证关系：列举事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等；
(4)对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。
[例文]
Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique，and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare.Zoology，or the study of animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，conservation，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care of animals.For people with a love of animals and some training，dreams of careers in zoology may come true.
Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies.These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world.Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation，breeding programs，and habitat preservation.
Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species.Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals，or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems.Some conservationists work in educational fields，trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction.
Animals are subject to illness and injury，and some careers in zoology help to create a safe，stable animal population.Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field，and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian.While many veterinarians focus on the small animal practice of domestic pets，vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves.
Humans love to observe animals，and modern day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs.Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs，to creating the proper diet for a deer，or to cleaning the tiger's cage.Many volunteer and entry level jobs are available for people that love animals.
★Which of the following shows the structure of the whole passage
(P1＝paragraph 1；P2＝paragraph 2；P3＝paragraph 3；P4＝paragraph 4；P5＝paragraph 5)
A B
C D
A [通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述；第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总—分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。]
[即学即练]
Antarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth.Animals survive in these severe conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment.
Many Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat.Emperor penguins are a very good example of this.These birds have four layers of scale like feathers.These layers overlap each other，forming a good protection from the wind，even in snowstorm conditions.
Whales，seals and some penguins have thick fat layers.This is a little like covering yourself in a blanket，but on the inside.In some animals this is even further improved，with the animals selectively able to reduce the blood flow to the fat layers.The further the blood is from the skin surface，the less the heat is lost.Fat layers can also be used as energy reserves，for example，male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.
The term “extremities” is used to mean any body part that is furthest away from the main body.In humans，our hands and feet count as “extremities”．These are often the first places to feel cold in winter.The same applies to animals.Emperor penguins have very small bills(喙) and feet，which means less blood is required to these areas.
Emperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments—and as the only warm blooded animal that produces young penguins during the Antarctic winter，they need to be.In addition to the adaptation described above，emperor penguins also have noses which recover much of the heat lost through breathing.
As with the physical means，emperor penguins have unique behavioral adaptation that enables them to survive the unkind winter.Emperor penguins form large huddles(挤在一起的一群人或东西).Not only does this share body warmth，but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind.Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.
★Which shows the development of ideas in the passage
A B
C D
I：Introduction
P：Point
Sp：Sub point(次要点)
C：Conclusion
B [篇章结构题。第一段是文章的主旨段并引出下文(Introduction)，南极动物通过减少身体热量损失在严寒中生存。下文分为两个要点，即身体上的适应手段physical adaptation(Point 1)和行为上的适应手段behavioral adaptation(Point 2)。第二至五段是Point 1的四个次要点，介绍四种身体上的适应手段——windproof or waterproof coats，thick fat layers，small extremities，emperor penguins' noses；第六段就是Point 2。故选B项。]阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Which is not a borrowed word in the sentence “The sushi restaurant's menu was confusing.”？
A．was B．sushi
C．restaurant D．confusing
2．According to the passage，which one is not true
A．Word borrowing has been occurring for thousands of years.
B．Words are borrowed at a faster speed than before.
C．Some borrowed words even sound like the native language.
D．Borrowed words cannot be avoided.
[答案] 1—2 AD
preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物
[例]I can't say that I have any particular preference.
我说不出自己有什么特别偏好。
[知识拓展]
(1)give preference to... 给……以优惠；优先考虑……
have a preference for 喜爱；偏好……
(2)prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物
(而不选择其他事物)
prefer sb.to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事；更喜欢某人去做某事
prefer that... 更喜欢……，宁愿……
prefer doing sth.to doing sth. 和做某事相比更喜欢做某事
prefer to do sth.rather than do... 更喜欢做某事，而不……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order(order) what looks nice.
②I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being(be) at home.
③We give preference to those(给那些人优先权) who have worked with us for a long time.
embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
[例]Some women are too embarrassed to consult their doctor about the problem.
有些妇女太害羞，不愿就这个问题向医生咨询。
[知识拓展]
(1)be embarrassed about/at 对……感到尴尬
(2)embarrassing adj. 令人窘迫的，使人难堪的
embarrassment n. 困窘，尴尬
(3)embarrass vt. 使窘迫；使尴尬
embarrass sb.with sth… 因……使某人尴尬
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Don't embarrass them with personal questions.
②She was embarrassed(embarrass) when they kept telling her how clever she was.
③It can be embarrassing(embarrass) for children to tell complete strangers about such incidents.
intention n．意图，计划
[例]He has announced his intention to retire.
他已经宣布他退休的打算。
[知识拓展]
(1)by intention 故意
have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事
with the intention of 抱有……目的
without intention 无意中；不是故意地
(2)intend v. 想要，打算；计划
intend to do sth. 想要做某事
be intended to do/for... 用来做……/打算为……所用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①You know I have no intention of being(be) awkward and obstreperous.
②These garments are intended for professional sports people.
③He returned with the intention of spending new year with his family(带着和他的家人一起过新年的目的).
correspond vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信
[例]Your account of events does not correspond with hers.
你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。
[知识拓展]
(1)correspond to/ with 符合，一致
correspond with 和……通信
(2)correspondence n. 一致，相当；来往书信
in correspondence with 与……一致
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to/with what was actually said.
②The editor welcomes correspondence(correspond) from readers on any subject.
behave vi.&vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现
[例]The doctor behaved very unprofessionally.
那位医生的做法十分不专业。
[知识拓展]
(1)behave well/badly towards sb. 对某人态度好/恶劣
behave oneself 表现得体；守规矩
(2)behaviour n. 行为；举止；习性
be on one's good/bad behaviour 举止(不)规矩；行为(不)检点
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was angry to see his son behave badly(bad) at the party.
②Behave yourself(you) and be careful about what you say or do.
③Make sure that good behaviour(behave)is rewarded.
tolerate vt.容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受
[例]This sort of behaviour will not be tolerated.
这种行为是不能容许的。
[知识拓展]
(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth./ stand (sb.) doing sth./ bear sb.doing sth.
容忍∕忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
be tolerant of/to/towards 对……宽容
(3)tolerance n. 宽容，忍受；忍耐力
tolerable adj. 可以接受的，可忍受的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He can't tolerate people smoking(smoke) while they are eating.
②He has a very tolerant(tolerate) attitude towards other religions.
③They have a policy of zero tolerance(tolerate) for mistakes.
oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒
[例]He got angry when I opposed his plan.
当我反对他的计划时，他生气了。
[知识拓展]
(1)be opposed to 反对；反抗
as opposed to 相对之下，与……对照下
(2)opposition n. 反对，对立
in opposition to 反对
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①His daughter is very athletic as opposed to his son(与他儿子相比)，who is very clever.
②We are opposed to the idea of driving the car too fast.
③They are on strike in opposition(oppose) to the lay off.
this is because...
(教材原句P21)This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which means “to separate”．
这是因为汉语中与“伞”相对应的汉字听起来像另一个汉字，意思是“散”。
句式分析：本句中的this is because...表示“这是因为……”；because引导表语从句，后面跟的是表示原因的从句。
[例1]This is because they keep working every day.
这是因为他们每天都在工作。
[例2]This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch.
这是因为人们中午太饿了以至于午饭吃得特别多。
[知识拓展]
This/That is why...表示“这/那就是为什么……”，后面跟表示结果的从句。
The reason why...is that...表示“……的原因是……”。
[即学即练] 句型转换/单句语法填空
①He was late for school.That was because he didn't catch the first bus.
→He didn't catch the first bus.That was why he was late for school．
→The reason why he was late for school is that he didn't catch the first bus.
②That is why the cultural industry in China is needed.
the more...，the more...
(教材原句P25)The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
借来的词使用的时间越长，听起来甚至看起来就越像母语。
句式分析：the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，该句型意为“越……,越……”。
[例1]The higher the altitude is，the thinner air the becomes.
高度越高，空气就越稀薄。
[例2]The more you practice，the better you can speak.
你练习得越多，你就能说得越好。
[知识拓展]
(1)前者相当于一个条件句，因此，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)the more...，the more... 越……，就越……
the more...，the less... 越……，越不……
the less...，the more... 越不……，就越……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The harder you work，the greater(great) progress you will make.
②The longer(long) the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer.
③The less he worried，the better he worked(工作就干得越好).
标题归纳题
标题归纳题在英语阅读理解题中属于主旨大意题，是深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。
[例文]
Of the many influences on human behavior，social influences are the most widespread.The main influence on people is people.When we hear the words，social influence，most of us think of deliberate attempts of someone to persuade us to change our actions or opinions.The TV ad comes to mind.But many of the most important forms of social influence are unintentional，and some of the effects we humans have on one another occur as a result of the simple fact that we are in each other's physical presence.
[方法技巧] 了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
◆Which is the best title for the passage
A．Coaction Makes Faster
B．Social Influence
C．An Interesting Observation
D．Effect of Audience Presence
[答案] B
[即学即练]
Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.Yes，it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention.There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning，possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance.Losing weight，therefore，may help improve these mental functions，according to a new research led by John Gunstad，assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.
◆Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Body Weight and Health
B．Losing Weight by Operation
C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions
D．Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind
[答案] D阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Which is not what you should do before you attend an interview
A．To find out more about the company and the role you are interviewing for.
B．To draw up criteria to select candidates.
C．To list your strengths and weaknesses.
D．To practise interviews with a friend.
2．Why should you pay attention to your body language when interviewed
A．Because it provides detailed information to the interviewers.
B．Because body language can convey your confidence.
C．Because you may be bored or anxious.
D．Because it makes you listen carefully.
[答案] 1—2 BA
qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准
[例]In this job，experience counts for more than paper qualifications.
在这项工作中，经验比文凭更重要。
[知识拓展]
(1)without qualification 没有资格
have no qualification for 没有……资格
(2)qualify v. 取得资格；使具有……资格
(3)qualified adj. 合格的；有资格的
be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
be qualified for 具有……资格；适合担任……的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You cannot assume that a speaker of English is qualified to teach(teach) English.
②Which person do you think is qualified for the job
③Demand has far outstripped supply of qualified(qualify) teachers.
gain the upper hand 处于有利地位，有优势
[例]Male students inevitably gain the upper hand during the job hunt.
男学生在找工作时必然会占上风。
[知识拓展]
at hand 在手边，在近处；即将到来
give/lend sb.a hand 帮某人一把
hand in hand 手拉手
in hand 手头上；正在处理中的
on the other hand 另一方面
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The Olympic organisers say that matters are well in hand.
②I went over to see if I could lend a hand(是否能帮上忙).
③Realizing that his retirement was near at hand(意识到退休即将到来)，he looked for some additional income.
applicant n．申请人
[例]Nobody in the first lot of applicants is suitable for the job.
在第一批求职者中无人适合做那份工作。
[知识拓展]
(1)apply vi.& vt. 申请；请求；应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)
apply sth.to sth. 将某物应用于某物
apply oneself to 专心致志于；致力于
apply to sb.for sth. 向某人申请某物
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
be applied to 适用于；应用于；施加于
apply for 申请；请求
(2)application n. 请求，申请，申请书；应用，运用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They may apply to join(join) the organization.
②Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.
③If you apply yourself(you) to the job，you'll soon finish it.
④His application(apply) to the court for bail has been refused.
refreshed adj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的
[例]I awoke feeling rested and refreshed.
我睡醒后感觉精力充沛，神清气爽。
[知识拓展]
refresh vt. 使(精神)振作；使恢复
refresh sb.from... 使某人消除……
refresh sb.with... 用……使某人神清气爽
refresh one's memory 使记忆犹新；重新唤起记忆
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The girl refreshed herself with a cup of tea.
②Further，we will provide plenty of means for the mind to refresh itself from business.
delay n．延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 vi.&vt.延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延
[例]Commuters will face long delays on the roads today.
路远乘车上下班的人今天要在路上耽误很多时间了。
[知识拓展]
delay sb./sth. 耽搁某人/某事
delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
without delay 毫不耽搁地；立即地
a delay in doing sth. 耽误做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He delayed telling(tell) her the news，waiting for the right moment.
②Problems，if any，should be solved without delay(应该立即解决).
relevant adj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的
[例]He refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant information.
在看到全部相关信息之前，他拒绝评论。
[知识拓展]
(1)be relevant to... 与……有关
a relevant suggestion/question/point/experience
相关的提议/问题/观点/经验
(2)irrelevant adj. 无关的；不切题的
be irrelevant to sth./sb. 与某事/某人不相关
totally/completely/largely irrelevant 完全/绝对/基本上无关紧要
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry.
②The parts irrelevant(relevant) to the topic of the essay should be cut out.
细节理解题之语义转换
通常情况下，此类题型主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，考生若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。
[例文]
When I was six，Dad brought home a dog one day，who was called “Brownie”．My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her.One of us would walk her，another would feed her，then there were baths，playing catch and many other games.Brownie，in return，loved each and every one of us.One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.We always felt better when she was around.
◆What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family
A．Look at them sadly.
B．Keep them company.
C．Play games with them.
D．Touch them gently.
[答案] B
[即学即练]
When I was growing up in America，I was ashamed of my mother's Chinese English.Because of her English，she was often treated unfairly.People in department stores，at banks，and at restaurants did not take her seriously，did not give her good service，pretended not to understand her，or even acted as if they did not hear her.
◆Why was the author's mother poorly served
A．She was unable to speak good English.
B．She was often misunderstood.
C．She was not clearly heard.
D．She was not very polite.
[答案] A
