阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What can we benefit from space exploration
A．It may take us much time and lots of money．
B．It can expand our understanding of the universe．
C．It will enhance the quality of our lives on the Earth．
D．It can enable us to visit other planets in the solar system．
2．How does the author prove “It is in our nature to explore．”？
A．By giving some examples．
B．By making a comparison．
C．By quoting a famous person．
D．By stating his own opinions．
3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning space exploration
A．Its important findings．
B．Its research process．
C．Its existing challenges．
D．Its major contributions．
4．What is the author's attitude towards the future of space exploration
A．Favourable． B．Intolerant．
C．Doubtful． D．Unclear．
5．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage
A．To explain how to explore space．
B．To tell a story of space exploration．
C．To present the reasons for space exploration．
D．To inspire the next generation to explore space．
[答案] 1－5 BCDAC
foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
[例]Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.
尊重和友爱是婚姻的牢固基础。
[知识拓展]
(1)lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
lay the foundation of... 奠定……的基础
(2)found v. 建立；创办；把……建立在……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for the future.
②The criticisms are founded(found) on facts as well as on the convincing evidence.
frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率
[例]Objects like this turn up at sales with surprising frequency.
像这样的物品在拍卖会上出奇地频繁出现。
[知识拓展]
frequent adj. 经常发生的；频繁的
frequently adv. 频繁地；经常地
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He goes to the market to buy vegetables frequently(frequent).
②His frequent hesitations(他经常犹豫不决) annoyed the audience.
motive n．原因，动机，目的
[例]There seemed to be no motive for the murder.
这起谋杀案似乎没有什么动机。
[知识拓展]
(1)motivate vt. 激发；鼓励
motivate sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事
(2)motivation n. 动机；动力；积极性
(3)motivator n. 激发因素
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The plan is designed to motivate employees to work(work) more efficiently.
②He is intelligent enough but he lacks motivation(motivate).
assistant n．助理；售货员；助教adj.助理的，副的
[例]My job is somewhere between a secretary and a personal assistant.
我的工作介于秘书和私人助理之间。
[知识拓展]
(1)assist vt.& vi. 援助；帮助；协助
assist sb.with sth.＝assist sb.to do sth.＝assist sb.in (doing) sth.
帮助某人(做)某事
(2)assistance n. 援助；帮助
come to sb.'s assistance 帮助某人
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①A good dictionary will assist you to understand/in understanding(understand) English.
②He did much to assist his classmate in preparing(prepare) the speech.
③The company provides advice and assistance(assist) in finding work.
shelter n．居所，住处；庇护vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避
[例]The fox was running for the shelter of the trees.
狐狸朝树丛跑，想要躲藏起来。
[知识拓展]
(1)seek/take shelter from... 躲避……
give sb.shelter 庇护某人
(2)shelter sb./sth.from... 庇护某人/某物免受……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The old temple sheltered the tramps from bad weather.
②People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire(找地方躲避炮火).
It is/was...that强调句
(教材P25－26)It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.
正是通过我们对太空的研究，我们证实了地球是圆的，并且它绕太阳运转。
句式分析：本句是一个强调句，强调状语through our research into space。
[例]It was in May that you can see this kind of flower.
你在五月可以看到这种花。
[知识拓展]
(1) 强调结构的陈述句式为“It is/was＋被强调部分 ＋ that (who)...”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指“人”时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指“人”时，则只能用that(注意不用which)。
(2)一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即“Is/Was it＋ 被强调部分 ＋that/who...”。特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词(Who/What/When/Where/Why/How)＋is/was it that...”。[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It was I who/that saw Tom in the park this morning.
②It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.
make复合结构
(教材P26)With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making our lives safer and easier.
随着空间探索技术的首次研究和发展，我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题，使我们的生活更加安全和舒适。
句式分析：本句中making our lives safer and easier是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；本句用形容词比较级作宾补。
[例1]The news made him very happy.
这个消息使得他非常高兴。
[例2]Internet makes our life easy and convenient.
互联网使我们的生活更加轻松方便。
[知识拓展]
在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中除了形容词可以作宾语补足语外，动词不定式、过去分词、介词短语、名词或名词短语都可以作宾语补足语。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He tries to make his ideas known(know).
②Though he had often made his little sister cry，today he was made to cry(cry) by his little sister.
③Our teacher often makes us do some extra homework(让我们做一些额外的家庭作业).
④The good news he told us made us very happy(使我们很高兴).
INCLUDEPICTURE "大阅读技能.TIF"
语意转换类
语意转换类阅读理解属于细节理解类的范畴，那么我们如何做语意转换类题目呢？
[例文]
To figure out how quicky trees were growing，researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014．A tree's diameter increases as it grows，just as a person's waist size increases as they gain weight．The research has shown about half the weight of a tree is carbon，while most of the rest is water．Over the nine years' tracking，the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon dioxide from the air as forest trees．However，they were twice as likely to die．So over the lifetime of each type of tree，forest trees actually absorbed more carbon dioxide．
◆How do city trees differ from forest trees of the same type over the lifetime in the research
A．They could live twice longer than forest trees．
B．They took in less carbon dioxide than forest trees．
C．They could absorb more carbon dioxide than forest trees．
D．They weighted heavier than forest trees．
[技巧点拨]
语意转换类题目，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
B [根据“However，they were twice as likely to die．So over the lifetime of each type of tree，forest trees actually absorbed more carbon dioxide．”可知，生长在森林中的树一生所吸收的二氧化碳量比生长在城市中的树多。故生长在城市里的树一生的二氧化碳吸收量比森林中的树少。故选B。]
[即学即练]——请快速完成下面的语意转换题
The boss bought an employee a new car．On the night before Alabama's student Walter Carr's first day at Bellhops Moving company，his car broke down．Nobody could give him a ride to work，so Carr decided to walk the 20 mile distance overnight．After seven hours，he arrived right on time．When the boss heard about Carr's unbelievable story，he drove from Tennessee to Alabama to give the young student a Ford Escape．
◆Why did the boss buy a new car to Walter Carr
A．To make up his long walk．
B．To praise his moving action．
C．To solve his financial problem．
D．To call on others to learn from him．
[答案] B阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Which can you not see along the Silk Road
A．Snow capped mountains．
B．Rolling valleys．
C．Wild deserts．
D．The network．
2．The Silk Road help China exports many things to the West except ．
A．tea B．china
C．grapes D．silk
[答案] 1－2 DC
division n．分歧；分开，分隔
[例]A hedge forms the division between their land and ours．
他们的土地与我们的土地之间以一道树篱隔开。
[知识拓展]
(1)divide v． (使)分开，分散，分割
divide up．．．between/among．．．
将……分给……
divide by．．． 除以……
(2)separate．．．from．．． 将……与……分开
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The head teacher has to divide up her time between administration and classroom teaching．
②Raw meat must be kept separate from cooked meat．
cooperation n．合作，协作；协助，配合
[例]They said they would give the police their full cooperation．
他们说他们愿意与警方通力合作。
[知识拓展]
cooperate vi． 合作，协作
cooperate with．．． 与……合作
cooperate in 在某方面合作
cooperate in harmony 配合默契
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We want to cooperate with both the administration and Congress．
②The question is whether leaders can cooperate in steering these changes．
vote vi．& vt．投票，表决n．选票；投票
[例]They voted to table the proposal until the following meeting．
他们投票决定把这项建议留到下次会议讨论。
[知识拓展]
vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
vote on 就……投票表决
vote to do sth． 投票决定做某事
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I was going to vote for him，but I changed my mind and voted for Reagan．
②The national assembly has voted to adopt(adopt) the budget．
③Both chambers plan to vote on that policy before January 15th．
reserve n．自然保护区；储备vt．预订；预留；保留
[例]I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock．
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
[知识拓展]
reserve sth．for．．． 为……预订/预留……
reserved adj． 预订的；保留的
reserved seat 预订座位
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①A double room had been reserved for him in the name of Muller．
②You can move only to the reserved(reserve) seat section in first class．
submit vt．& vi．提交，呈递；屈服
[例]Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March．
完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。
[知识拓展]
(1)submit．．．to．．． 把……递交给……；把……呈递
给……
submit to．．． 向……屈服；臣服于……
(2)submission n． 提交，呈递；臣服
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It is necessary to fix a definite date for the submission(submit) of your paper．
②The plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval．
emerge vi．& vt．出现，浮现；暴露；露头
[例]New evidence emerged，vindicating him completely．
新证据出现了，证明他完全是无辜的。
[知识拓展]
(1)emerge from 出现，暴露(问题、意见等)
It emerged that．．． 暴露，出现
(2)emergence n． 出现；兴起
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He emerged from the trial with his reputation intact．
②Do not worry about changes，challenge new emergence(emerge)．
③It emerged that her past behaviour was far from irreproachable．
expansion n．扩展，扩大，膨胀
[例]The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year．
本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。
[知识拓展]
expand v． 扩大，扩充；膨胀；详述
expand into 扩展成为……
expand on/upon 详述
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We need additional support to strengthen and expand into new areas．
②The president used today's speech to expand on/upon remarks he made last month．
ban vt．明令禁止，取缔n．禁令
[例]There is to be a total ban on smoking in the office．
办公室将彻底禁止吸烟。
[知识拓展]
ban sb．from doing sth． 禁止某人做某事
announce a ban on 宣布对……的禁令
put a ban 禁止……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①She's been banned from leaving(leave) Greece while the allegations are investigated．
②This year，the University announced a ban on freshmen bringing computers to their dorms(宣布对新生带电脑到宿舍的禁令)．
so．．．that．．．句型
(教材P50)As a national park and nature reserve，Jiuzhaigou Valley，just north of the Sichuan Basin，is home to mighty snow capped mountains，thick forests alive with wildlife，impressive waterfalls and lakes so blue that they take our breath away．
作为一个国家公园和自然保护区，九寨沟就在四川盆地的北部，这里有巍峨的雪山，茂密的森林和野生动物，令人印象深刻的瀑布，湖泊蓝得令人惊叹。
句式分析：本句中包含了“so．．．that．．．”固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”
[例1]The plane hit so hard that one engine was buried 16 feet underground．
飞机猛烈撞击地面，致使一个引擎陷到了地下16英尺处。
[例2]The problem was so difficult that none of us could work it out．
这道题如此难以至于没有人做出来。
[知识拓展]
(1)so＋adj．/adv．＋that．．．
so＋adj．＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋that．．．
so＋many/few＋复数名词＋that．．．
so＋much/little(少)＋不可数名词＋that．．．
(2)such＋a(n)＋adj．＋单数可数名词＋that．．．
such＋adj．＋复数名词＋that．．．
such＋adj．＋不可数名词＋that．．．
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Kathy is so lovely that we all like to play with her．
②There is so much work to do that I won't be able to take off this year．
③It was such bad weather that we stayed at home all the day．
言外之意类
推理判断题在高考阅读理解中占的比重最大，其中言外之意的推断尤为重要，那么我们如何做此类题目呢？
[例文]
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top down control by top predators to be true．In the ocean，we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale，while on land，we killed off large predators such as wolves．These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance．
◆What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in this paragraph
A．Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems．
B．Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats．
C．Species of commercial value dominate other
species．
D．Industrial activities help keep food webs stable．
[技巧点拨]
文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生在理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，多站在作者的立场考虑问题、换位思考。
[答案] A
[即学即练]——请快速把握下面文字的言外之意
Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives．We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it．Nothing surprises us．We lose our sense of wonder．But，if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are everywhere．
◆What could be inferred from this paragraph
A．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped．
B．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead．
C．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind．
D．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind．
[答案] C阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What didn't Russell do before breakfast that day
A．He made his bed．
B．He cleaned the room．
C．He wore his uniform．
D．He woke up Louis．
2．What can we know from paragraph 2
A．Many eagles circled above the ship．
B．Many soldiers dived into the sea．
C．The attack came suddenly．
D．Russell stopped the flow of his blood．
3．Why does the author think Russell was lucky
A．He suffered minor injuries．
B．He received proper treatment．
C．He was not thrown into the sea．
D．He found a lifeboat．
4．How many full pairs out of the 37 sets of brothers survived the attack
A．37． B．1．
C．2． D．Not mentioned．
5．Which of the following can best describe the attack
A．Unexpected，destructive, and unforgettable．
B．Predictable, huge, and remarkable．
C．Surprising, fortunate, and normal．
D．Terrible，confusing and shallow．
[答案] 1－5 DCBBA
astonish vt．使十分惊讶，使吃惊
[例]She astonished us by saying she was leaving．
她说她要离开，令我们大为吃惊。
[知识拓展]
(1)be astonished at/ by sth． 对某事感到惊讶
be astonished to see / learn．．．看到/得知……感觉很惊讶
be astonished ＋ that从句 对……感到惊讶
(2)astonishing adj． 令人惊讶的(指事物本身的特征)
astonished adj． 感到惊讶的(指人的主观感受)
(3)astonishment n． 惊讶
to one's astonishment 让某人惊讶的是……
in astonishment 惊讶地
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He was astonished to see(see) his father here．
②We are all greatly astonished that she has failed．
③To my astonishment(astonish)，the man lifted the rock effortlessly．
sort out理顺，整理；把……安排好
[例]The child is sorting out the bricks into different colors．
那孩子正在按不同的颜色对砖块进行分类。
[知识拓展]
sort sth．out 把……分类
sort oneself out 解决某人自身问题
sort sb．out 整治某人
sort．．．into．．． 把……整理成……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We're in a state of complete chaos here and I need a little time to sort myself(me) out．
②I'll soon sort him out．Just let me get my hands on him!
③Rubbish can easily be separated and sorted into plastics，glass and paper．
available adj．可获得的，可找到的；有空的
[例]When will the information be made available
何时才可以了解到情况？
[知识拓展]
(1)be available to 为……可利用/得到
be available from 从……处可获得
make sth．available for/to sb．
使某人可以享受某物
(2)availability n． 可用性；利用
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The authority must make suitable accommodation available to the family．
②All ingredients are readily available from your local store．
③The nature and availability(available) of material evidence was not to be discussed．
contrary adj．相对的，相对立的；截然不同的
[例]The contrary view is that prison provides an excellent education—in crime．
截然不同的看法是，监狱在犯罪方面提供极好的教育。
[知识拓展]
on the contrary 与此相反，恰恰相反
to the contrary 相反的，相反地
quite the contrary 恰恰相反，正相反
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is not poor；on the contrary，he is a millionaire．
②I'll expect to see you on Sunday unless I hear anything to the contrary．
③Contrary to popular belief(与普遍的看法相反)，many rabbits don't like carrots．
adopt vt．采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi．领养，收养
[例]All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem．
三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。
[知识拓展]
(1)adopt an idea 采纳建议
adopt an approach 采取方法
(2)adopted adj． 被收养的；被采纳的
(3)adoption n． 采纳，采用；收养
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She produced a TV series about adopted(adopt) children．
②The senator urged against the adoption(adopt) of the measure．
comparison n．对比；比较
[例]The comparison shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice．
这一对比表明理论和实践之间有相当大的出入。
[知识拓展]
(1)by/in comparison (with sb．/sth．)
(与某人/某物)相比较
make a comparison 进行比较
(2)compare vt． 比较；比作
compare A with B 把A和B进行比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
compare with/to．．． 和……相比
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Is the human heart weak in comparison with the other organs
②We carefully compared the first report with the second．
③I can only compare the experience to falling in love．
freeze vi．& vt．突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵
[例]The clothes froze solid on the washing line．
衣服在晒衣绳上冻成了硬块。
[知识拓展]
(1)freeze to death (把某人)冻死
(2)freezing adj． 冰冷的；极冷的
below/above freezing 冰冻以下/上
the freezing point 冰点
freezing cold 极冷
(3)frozen adj． (河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①This afternoon's sunshine could nudge the temperature above freezing(freeze)．
②The temperature remained below the freezing point(冰点以下) throughout the day．
③Put another coat on，or you'll freeze to death out there(否则你在那里会冻死的)．
数字计算类
数字计算类阅读理解题属于细节理解题的范畴，那么我们如何做数字计算类的题目？
[例文]
The number of British students going to US universities has been climbing steadily over the past decade．The latest available figures (from 2017－2018) show 11，460 British students are choosing to study in the US．This represents a small drop (0.3%) from the previous year，showing that American degrees remain a popular choice．
◆How many British students went to US universities in 2016－2017
A．11，495． B．11，460．
C．11，425． D．14，898．
[技巧点拨]
先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。
A [根据文章第一段内容可知，11 460名留学生是去年的0.997倍。因此，2016－2017年美国大学的英国留学生是11 495名，故选A项。]
[即学即练]——请快速准确地计算出下面数字计算题
Value for money
It's not cheap—adult：￡15，5 to 16 year olds：￡12，but once you've paid you can revisit as many times as you want in a year，and admission is free for kids under five．
◆If a couple want to take their daughter a primary school student，and 15 year old son to the space center，how much will they spend on the tickets
A．￡45． B．￡57． C．￡42． D．￡54．
[答案] D阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What do we know about the writer's trip from Marrakesh before they arrived in Merzouga
A．The road is wide and flat．
B．The road is narrow and flat．
C．There are many sharp bends．
D．There are unending sand dunes．
2．What was the weather like during the writer's trip between Merzouga and his desert camp
A．Snowy． B．Rainy．
C．Cloudy． D．Sunny．
3．When did the writer arrive at his desert camp
A．In the morning． B．At noon．
C．At dusk． D．At midnight．
4．Which of the following descriptions of the hut is NOT true
A．It was round and made from brick．
B．The writer found a small grey monkey in it．
C．Its walls were brilliant white．
D．The family carried their suitcases and food into it．
5．Which of the following words can best describe the writer according to the last paragraph
A．Shy． B．Serious．
C．Honest． D．Humorous．
[答案] 1－5 CDCBD
accommodation n．住处
[例]They offered me free accommodation for a year，and that decided me.
他们免费为我提供一年的住宿，这就使我下定了决心。
[知识拓展]
(1)make/offer/provide accommodation for...
为……提供住处
arrange one's accommodations 安排某人的食宿
(2)accommodate v. 为(某人)提供食宿；容纳；适应(新情况)
accommodate...to... 使……适应……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Some animal and plant species cannot accommodate to the rapidly changing conditions.
②We can provide accommodation for six people at a push.
surrounding adj.周围的，附近的
[例]The farm and surrounding area were flooded.
农场和周边地区遭洪水淹没。
[知识拓展]
(1)surround vt. 围住，环绕；包围
be surrounded with/by 被……环绕着
(2)surroundings n. 环境
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The hotel stands in splendid isolation，surrounded(surround) by moorland.
②My hometown is a small village surrounded with/by rivers.
③Does the new housing stick out like a sore thumb or blend into its surroundings(surround)
harmony n．融洽，和睦；和谐
[例]He projected himself as the protector of national unity and harmony.
他把自己标榜成民族团结与和睦的捍卫者。
[知识拓展]
(1)in harmony with (sb./sth.) 与……协调一致；
与……和睦相处
out of harmony with... 与……不一致；与……不协调
(2)harmonious adj. 和谐的，协调的；和睦的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The relations between the cadres and the masses are harmonious(harmony).
②I believe people should try to live in harmony with the animals(与动物和谐相处).
consumption n．消耗，消耗量；消费
[例]Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather.
燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。
[知识拓展]
consume vt. 耗费；消耗；吃，喝
consumer n. 消费者；顾客
consuming adj. 强烈的；重要的；令人着迷的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Tax cuts will boost consumer(consume) confidence after the recession.
②He has developed a consuming(consume) passion for chess.
come down to 可归结为，可归纳为
[例]All these methods come down to corporate human resource management capacity.
归根结底，这都与企业的人力资源管理能力息息相关。
[知识拓展]
come up 走近，来到；被讨论，被提及
come about 发生
come across (偶然)遇到，发现
come along 跟着来；进展
come out 出版；发行
come to 合计；达到
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Anna approached several builders and was fortunate to come across Eddie.
②How did this unhappy state of affairs come about
③Her cat came up and rubbed itself against their legs.
make one's way to 去，前往
[例]Make your way to the back where there are representatives waiting for someone to appear.
你不妨径直走向后门，那里有代表们在等候来访者的出现。
[知识拓展]
find one's way(to) 找到去……的路
feel one's way 摸索着前进
force / fight one's way 突破……而前进
push one's way 挤着前进；挤过去
[即学即练]——完成句子
①Wild with excitement，he found his way to the railway station(找到去火车站的路) and then came the first problem.He had no money to buy a ticket.
②He felt his way to a wild rose bush(摸索着到玫瑰花丛)；he then put two rose petals in for his eyes.
contrast vi.形成对比 vt.对比，对照
[例]Their experiences contrast sharply with those of other children.
他们的经历和其他孩子的经历形成鲜明的对比。
[知识拓展]
contrast...with... 使……与……形成对比/对照
contrast with 与……形成对照
in/by contrast 相比之下
in contrast to/with 与……相比
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.
②In contrast with its surface fleet，Britain's submarine force was relatively small.
starve vi.& vt.(使)饿死，(使)挨饿
[例]The new job doesn't pay much but we won't starve!
新工作的收入没有很多，不过我们不至于挨饿！
[知识拓展]
(1)starve to death 饿死
starve for 渴望得到……
(2)starvation n. 饥饿
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①These people will starve to death unless they receive help soon.
②The frontier station was starved for food and water.
③Millions of people will face starvation(starve) next year as a result of the drought.
possession n．私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有
[例]The manuscript is just one of the treasures in their possession.
这部手稿只是他们的珍藏之一。
[知识拓展]
(1)in possession of 拥有，占有
in the possession of＝in one's possession
为……所占有
take possession of 占领；夺取
have possession of 占有；拥有(指买来或从别人那里拿来)
(2)possessed adj. 着了魔
be possessed of sth. 具有某种品质(或特征)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He lost all his possessions(possess) in Yushu earthquake.
②She is possessed of wonderfully calm temperament.
③The policeman took possession of the thief's bag.
It is/was not long before...
(教材P11)It wasn't long before we were surrounded by enormous sand dunes towering above us on all sides.
很快我们就被四周高耸的巨大沙丘包围住。
句式分析：本句中的it wasn't long before...表示“不久，就……”。
[例1]It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.
不久他就意识到处境的危险。
[例2]It was not long before the news was widely circulated.
这个消息不久就传开了。
[知识拓展]
It was＋时间段＋before....“过了多久才……”
It will (not) be ＋时间段＋before....“要过多久(不久)才……”(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It was five days before he came back.
②It will be half a year before(再过半年) you graduate from the school.
③It will not be long before(不久) they understand each other.
独立主格结构
(教材P12)In the distance，elephants were eating grass，ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the plains.
远处，大象正在吃草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着，慢慢地在平原上移动。
句式分析：本句中的ears flapping lazily是“名词＋动词 ing形式”的独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。
[例1]Night enshrouding the earth，nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．
黑夜笼罩着大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
[例2]There being no bus，we had to walk home．
由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
[知识拓展]
常见的独立主格结构还有以下形式：
(1)名词(代词)＋过去分词；
(2)名词(代词)＋不定式；
(3)名词(代词)＋形容词；
(4)名词(代词)＋副词；
(5)名词(代词)＋名词；
(6)名词(代词)＋介词短语。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The workers worked still harder，their living conditions greatly improved(improve)．
②Many trees，flowers，and grass to be planted(plant)，our newly built school will look even more beautiful．
③The meeting over(会议结束)，our headmaster soon left the meeting room．
主旨大意类
主旨大意类阅读理解是高考必考题型。那么我们如何归纳文章的主旨大意呢？
[例文]
Some parents will buy any high tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math related skills．
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills．Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents' income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said．
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age．
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes，” Levine said in a statement．
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time．Higher income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills．However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls．
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science．
◆What is the text mainly about
A．A mathematical method．
B．A scientific study．
C．A woman psychologist．
D．A teaching program．
[技巧点拨]
主旨大意类阅读理解主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。做这类题目时要考虑周全，不可以以偏概全。
B [本文是一篇说明文。文章是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素、研究过程和结果，所以是关于科学研究的文章。B项“A scientific study(一项科学研究)”符合题意，故选B项。]
[即学即练]——请快速确定下面这段文字的主旨大意
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独)，more families are choosing to live together．
The doorway to peace and quiet，for Nick Bright at least，leads straight to his mother in law：she lives on the ground floor，while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters．
Four years ago they all moved into a three storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof．They share a front door and a washing machine，but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen，bathroom，bedroom and living room on the ground floor．
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead．Rita cuts in：“We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother in law．”
And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well．Would I recommend it？Yes，I think I would．”
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him，but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time．Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2002 to 419，000 in 2013．
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common．Some people live with their elderly parents；many more adult children are returning to the family home，if they ever left．It is said that about 20% of 25 34 year olds live with their parents，compared with 16% in 1991．The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million．
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted．In India，particularly outside cities，young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married．
◆What is the text mainly about
A．Lifestyles in different countries．
B．Conflicts between generations．
C．A housing problem in Britain．
D．A rising trend of living in the UK．
[答案] D
