1．urge vt．催促；督促；力劝→urgent adj．紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的→urgency n．紧急；急迫
2．incredible adj．极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的→incredibly adv．极端地；令人难以置信地
3．preserve vt．维护，保护，保存；维持→preservation n．维护，保护；保持；保养
4．assess vt．评估，评定；估算→assessment n．评估；估算
collapse v．倒塌；昏倒；(尤指工作劳累后)坐下，躺下放松；突然失败；崩溃；瓦解
①The roof collapsed under the weight of snow． 倒塌
②He collapsed in the street and died two hours later． 昏倒
③When I get home I like to collapse on the sofa and listen to music． 坐下
④Talks between management and unions have collapsed．
失败；崩溃
preserve vt．保护；保存；维护；贮藏n．保护区
[例]The calm courage of the pilot preserved the lives of the passengers．
飞行员临危不惧的勇气保住了乘客们的性命。
[知识拓展]
(1)preserve one's reputation 维护某人的名声
preserve sb．/sth．from sth．
保护，保全，免受
(2)preservation n． 维护；保护；保持；保养
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①They were determined to preserve their leader from attacks．
②In summer，large quantities of fruit may be preserved(preserve) by freezing or bottling．
③No hunting is allowed in the preserve．
urgent adj．紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的
[例]I suggest that you attend to the most urgent matters and let the rest wait．
我建议你先去处理最紧急的事情，别的事可以等一等。
[知识拓展]
(1)in urgent need of 急需
an urgent look 急切的神情
(2)urge vt． 催促；极力主张；驱策
urge sb．(not) to do sth． 催促，怂恿某人(不)做某事
urge sb．into doing．．． 敦促某人做……
urge sb．against 强烈反对某人……
urge sb．/sth．on 鼓励，激励，为……加油
urge＋that clause 强烈要求，极力主张……(从句用虚
拟语气，谓语动词用should＋do，
其中should可以省略)
It is urged that．．． 坚决要求……(从句谓语形式为
should＋动词原形)
(3)urgency n． 紧急；迫切
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The boys urged him to take(take) part in the competition．
②Urged on by fans，she sang another song．
③I urge that you (should) read(read) the report carefully．
conflict n．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi．冲突，抵触
[例]The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts．
那次暴动是政治与种族冲突的结果。
[知识拓展]
(1)in conflict with 与……冲突/矛盾
come into conflict with sb． 与某人发生冲突
(2)conflict with 与……冲突
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career．
②True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards．
③Avoid including other elements that conflict with the main subject．
assess vt．评估；评定；估算
[例]It is difficult to assess the effects of a new law．
评估一项新法律的效果是很难的。
[知识拓展]
assess sth．/sb．as sth． 评价某事/某人为……
assess a tax on/upon sb． 向某人征税
assess sth．at．．． 核定、估算(某物的数量、价值)
assess＋wh clause 评定……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①They assessed the value of the house at over $ 25，000．
②The government will not assess a tax on/upon the peasants．
consultation n．咨询；商讨；就诊
[例]It's too soon to write off the whole consultation process as a failure．
现在就认定整个磋商过程不成功而想要放弃还为时过早。
[知识拓展]
(1)consult vt． 咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查找
consult sb．about sth． 向某人咨询某事；向某人请教有
关……的事
consult (with) sb．(about/on sth．)
(就某事)与某人商量
consult a dictionary for the meaning of a word
查字典找某词的词义
(2)consultant n． 顾问
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①An increasing number of clients are consulting them about Social Security changes．
②The minister today had consultations(consult) with the president．
not only．．．but also．．．
(教材P45)Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves，but also for people．
这样的危险不仅会给遗产本身带来灾难性的后果，也会给人们带来灾难性的后果。
句式分析：本句中的not only．．．but also．．．结构表示“不但……，而且……”，连接并列的宾语。
[例1]She not only plays well，but also writes music．
她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。
[例2]We go there not only in winter，but also in summer．
我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。
[知识拓展]
(1)当not only．．．but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。
(2)为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Not only the students but also their teacher is(be) enjoying the film．
②Not only do they need clothing，but they are also short of water．
the more．．．，the more．．．
(教材P45)The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites，the more likely we are to treat them with respect．
我们越是承认遗产地的突出普遍价值，就越有可能尊重它们。
句式分析：本句中的the more．．．，the more．．．表示“越……，越……”。
[例1]The higher the ground is，the thinner air becomes．
离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。
[例2]The harder he worked，the more he got．
他工作越努力，得到的就越多。
[知识拓展]
(1)该句型前一部分相当于从句，后面部分相当于主句；若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)The more，the better．多多益善。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The longer the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer(suffer)．
②The more meaningful social activities you participate in，the more(many)social skills you will accumulate．
教材 高考
1．．．．a terrible earthquake shook south eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam (2021·天津卷)The birthday cake was ruined．
2．Sometimes, amazingancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of violence． (2021·全国乙卷)He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re examine their relationship to single use plastic products．
3．Meanwhile, WorldHeritage status may give rise to a series of problems． (2021·全国甲卷)According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status．
4．For years, a panel of specialists discussed and assessed different means of repairing the pagoda． (2021·天津卷)There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist．
5．Because the pagoda had already started to tip to one side, people were worried it would collapse if they tried to make any major repairs． (2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Not only he but also we are(be) going to the cinema this evening．
2．The more she thought about it，the more depressed she became．
3．There is a strong possibility that such cooperation(cooperate) will prove unworkable．
4．A sentence can be divided up into meaningful segments．
5．Take notes during the consultation(consult) as the final written report is very concise．
6．What did you do in the annually assessment(assess)of the company
7．This show conflicted with another show that aired at the same time．
8．Naturally，the tobacco industry is violently(violent) opposed．
9．He lives a very simple life for a man who has become incredibly(incredible) rich．
10．Western governments have this week urged him to negotiate(negotiate) and avoid force．
Ⅱ．短语填空
break out；wear down；for the benefit of；be fascinated by；be faced with；in urgent need of
1．For the benefit of economic development，we have to get started right now．
2．She was faced with a new job，in unfamiliar surroundings with strange people．
3．The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy's resistance．
4．Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe．War was soon to break out．
5．The refugees are in urgent need of food and clothes．
6．This child was fascinated by the plots in the novel．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Heritage sites face a 1．variety(various) of dangers and they are in 2．urgent(urge) need of protection．Heritage sites are 3．at risk from natural forces，such as wind，water and temperature，4．which can wear down heritage sites．Another big danger is human 5．activities(activity)．Wars do a great deal of damage to heritage sites．The flood of tourists can cause a bit of wear and tear to heritage sites．Widespread 6．development(develop) puts heritage sites in danger．Some of them are even at risk of 7．being lost(lose) forever．These dangers can lead to 8．disastrous(disaster) outcomes not only for the sites themselves，but also for people．9．For the benefit of mankind，we should take action to protect them，not just for 10．ourselves(our)，but for future generations．1．distinct adj．截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的→distinction n．差别；区分
2．carve vt．侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻→carver n．雕刻家
3．suburb n．郊区，城外→suburban adj．郊区的，城外的
sample vt．尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验 n．样本，样品；取样
①I sampled the delights of Greek cooking for the first time．
vt．品尝
②12% of the children sampled said they prefer cats to dogs．
vt．抽样检验
③The blood samples are sent to the laboratory for analysis．
n．样本
apart from除了……外(还)，此外；除了…… 外(都)，要不是
[例]Apart from their house in London，they also have a villa in Spain．
他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。
[知识拓展]
(1)apart from既可以表示包含意义，也可以表示排除意义；相当于besides，in addition to，也相当于except for。
(2)apart相关短语：
take sth．apart 将……拆开
tell．．．apart 把……区别/分辨开
[即学即练]——完成句子
①He can take a bicycle apart(把自行车拆开) and put it back again．
②The twins look so much alike that you can hardly tell them apart(你几乎不能区别他们)．
by means of依靠……方法；借助……手段
[例]The lake communicates with the sea by means of a canal.
这个湖通过运河和大海相连。
[知识拓展]
by all means 尽一切办法；一定；务必；
(用于交际英语表示答应、同意)
当然可以，没问题
by no means/not by any means 决不(置于句首时，主句用部分倒装)
by this means 用这种方法
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①You must get there by all means before dark．
②The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought(绝不像我们开始想的那么简单)．
bring about 引起；导致(事故，变化)
[例]Interest rate cuts have failed to bring about economic recovery.
利率下调并没有带来经济复苏。
[知识拓展]
bring up 养育，培养；提出；呕吐
bring back 把……送回；使想起
bring down 使降低；打倒
bring in 引入；赚得
bring out 出版；使显现
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①They try to bring out a new dictionary every other year．
②I have three part time jobs，which bring in about ￡14，000 a year．
③Many women still take career breks to bring up children．
come as no surprise 不足为奇，毫不奇怪
[例]Mr．Pan's complaint will come as no surprise to his competitors．
潘先生的投诉将在竞争对手的意料之中。
[知识拓展]
in surprise 惊奇地
to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
by surprise 出其不意地
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Paul looked at the boy in surprise，and then he said，“Would you like to take a ride in my car？”
②The armed forces seem to have been taken by surprise by the ferocity of the attack．
③To his surprise，he saw potatoes and bread in front of him．
depth n．最深处；深(度)；深刻；深厚
[例]Many dolphins can dive to depths of 200 metres．
许多海豚可潜到200米深。
[知识拓展]
(1)the/a depth of... ……的深度
in depth 深入地；详细地；全面地
at a depth of 在……深处
(2)deep into the night 直至深夜
deep in thought 陷入沉思
(3)deepen vt. (使)变深；增长(知识)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He did not get a chance to deepen(deep) his knowledge of Poland．
②He had been resting his head in his hands，deep in thought(陷入沉思)．
③Extinction is minimal，and so，even at a depth of ten feet(甚至十英尺深的地方)，the lake bottom is well lit．
全部倒装句
(教材P2)To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains，which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water．
太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川水流侵蚀而成的深谷。
句式分析：本句是一个全部倒装句，介词短语To the east of the Pacific coast置于句首，句子用全部倒装，谓语动词rise提前。
[例1]On the ground lay some air conditioners．
地上放着一些空调。
[例2]At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake．
山脚下有一个美丽的湖泊。
[知识拓展]
(1)there，here，now，then置于句首，句子用全部倒装；
(2)为了描述的生动性，有些表示方向或处所的副词(如：down，up，out，in，off，on，away等)可以移到句首。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①There comes(come) our bus．
②Out rushed(rush) a missile from under the bomber．
given作介词
(教材P3)Given these cultural differences，it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since 2002．
考虑到这些文化差异，加拿大自2002年起就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。
句式分析：本句中的given作介词，意为“鉴于”。
[例1]Given his age(＝Considering how old he is)，he's remarkably active．
考虑到他的年龄，他已是相当有活力的了。
[例2]Given her interest in children，teaching seems the right job for her．
考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
[知识拓展]
比较特殊的用法还有：
provided that... 倘若
supposing/suppose that 假使
considering... 考虑到……
judging from/by... 由……判断
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Judging(judge) from everything you've said，it was just as well she wasn't there．
②Considering(consider) the restrictions under which she filmed，I think she did a commendable job．
③Provided that you have enough money in your account(倘若你账户里有足够的钱)，you can withdraw up to ￡ 100 a day．
④Supposing that there is no pure water(假使没有纯净的水)，what shall we drink
教材 高考
1．Apart from its geographical diversity, Canada's many rural areas and urban centers reflect the diversity of its residents． (2021·浙江卷1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed sharply．
2．From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the urban centers, Canada's geographical wonders, ethnic groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit． (2021·天津卷)Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are．
3．There's a thick blanket of snow in some mountain areas over much of the winter． (2021·全国乙卷)Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Since its establishment (establish) in 1945, the United Nations has played a dominant role in the development of international law．
2．I distinctly (distinct) heard someone calling me when I was walking in the street．
3．He's one of the most dynamically (dynamic) imaginative jazz pianists of our time．
4．I have heard him tell people that we get along splendidly (splendid)．
5．They were to meet at a given (give) time and place．
6．A minority (minor) is a group of people of the same race, culture, or religion who live in a place where most of the people around them are of a different race, culture, or religion．
7．It is reported that the smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in depth (deep)．
8．Joe remained immobile, as if he had been carved (carve) out of stone．
9．Apart from my host, I didn't know a single person there．
10．He quickly unfolded (unfold) the blankets and spread them on the bed last night．
Ⅱ．短语填空
be home to；off the beaten track；be exposed to；come as no surprise; apart from; by means of
1．The wetlands of the Yellow Sea are home to a large variety of wildlife．
2．In some cases, drinking after being inoculated(接种) against this diseasecan cause people to be exposed to risk．
3．You have to accept responsibility for the mistake—it should come as no surprise to you．I'm sure you've had enough warning．
4．His farm is off the beaten track, for it is at least two miles from the main road．
5．I've finished the crossword apart from 3 across and 10 down．
6．By means of modern technology we are able to communicate with each other instantly．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Canada is a broad and beautiful country 1．stretching(stretch) from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and it is also one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world．
It 2．consists(consist) of ten provinces and three territories．The grand Rocky Mountains rise to the east of the Pacific coast，3．which are home to high peaks and deep valleys．The mighty Niagara Falls is its unique scenic spot．It is thought that some earliest settlers crossed the Bering Strait to Canada．Europeans started to settle in the eastern provinces centuries ago．About one 4．fifth(five) population is foreign born．You can participate in the 5．celebrations(celebrate) of the Chinese New Year in Vancouver or take tea in the Dr Sun Yat Sen Classical Chinese Garden．You can sample French food and see the 6．original(origin) buildings in the French style of architecture in Montreal．You can dance 7．to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers on Cape Breton Island．
Canada is 8．a unique place to live and visit，which has been 9．consistently(consistent) ranked as one of the best 10．countries(country) to live in．1．occupy vt．占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupied adj．使用中；有人使用(或居住)
2．evaluate vt．评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价
①Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media. 报道
②I used a long exposure for this one. 曝光时间
③It's like staying in a fish market and getting used to the stink；long exposure to a bad environment accustoms one to evil ways. 面临，遭受
absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席
[例]The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.
此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。
[知识拓展]
(1)in/during sb's absence＝ in/during the absence of sb.
在某人不在期间
in the absence of ... 缺乏……；不存在……
absence from 缺席，离开，不在某处
absence of mind 心不在焉
(2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的；缺少的；心不在焉的
be absent from 缺席；不在
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's the manager's job to organize covers for staff who are absent(absence).
②His absence of mind while driving(他驾驶的时候走神) nearly caused an accident.
bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦，困难
[例]I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.
我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。
[知识拓展]
bother sb.with sth. 因某事让某人担心/烦心
not bother to do/doing sth. 不费心去做某事
It bothers sb.that... 让某人担心/苦恼的是……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I don't know why he bothers me with this kind of rubbish.
②Years before，I even did not bother to apply for/applying for(不愿费心去申请) Employment Insurance Benefit when I was unemployed.
③It bothers me that(使我苦恼的是) they haven't replied to our letters.
occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
[例]The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.
床似乎占去了大半个屋子。
[知识拓展]
(1)be occupied in (doing) sth. 忙于(做)某事
occupy sb./oneself (in doing sth./with sb./sth.)
忙于……；专心于……
be deeply occupied in thinking 陷入深思
be fully occupied 忙得不可开交
(2)occupation n. 占领；侵占；职业
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Haas occupied himself in writing(write) his research paper.
②She occupied herself with a translation of a French novel.
③Please state your name，age and occupation(occupy) below.
circumstance n．条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况
[例]The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.
本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。
[知识拓展]
in the circumstances＝under the circumstances
在这种情况下；既然如此
in/under no circumstances＝in no case
决不(置于句首句子用部分倒装)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Under no circumstances(circumstance) can we agree to such a principle.
②In the circumstances(在这种情况下)，the information about competition plays an important role in sports.
exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道
[例]Continuous exposure to sound above 80 decibels could be harmful to the hearing.
持续暴露在强度高于80分贝的噪声中可能对听觉有害。
[知识拓展]
(1)expose v. 暴露，曝光
expose sb./sth.to... 使……面临/遭受……
expose sth. 暴露/显露/揭露某事
(2)overexpose v. 使(胶片等)曝光过度；
对……报道过频
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun.
②He exposed the plan(透露了这个计划)to the newspapers.
③The photograph is too light：it must have been overexposed(被过度曝光了).
in view of 鉴于，考虑到
[例]In view of the present situation，we'll have to revise our original plan.
基于目前这种情况，我们将不得不修改原来的计划。
[知识拓展]
in one's view 在某人看来
on view 陈列着；展览着
in view 在视线中；在视野中
out of view 不在视野中
come into view 映入眼帘
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The pieces on view are not grouped around any one theme.
②She waved until the train was out of view(直到火车从视野中消失).
③In my view(在我看来) public participation is one of the few options.
vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
[例]Reading is of vital importance in language learning.
阅读在语言学习中至关重要。
[知识拓展]
be vital to/for... 对……是至关重要的
It is vital to do... 做……很重要
It is/was vital that... ……是十分重要的 [从句中用虚拟语气
“(should)＋do”]
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①His function is vital to/for the accomplishment of the agency's mission.
②It is vital that we(should) act to stop the destruction of the rainforests(我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林).
with复合结构
(教材P16)With so much going on，the space station needs a lot of maintenance，so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.
由于发生了这么多事情，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。
句式分析：本句中的with so much going on是“with＋n.＋动词 ing形式”结构，在句中作原因状语。
[例1]He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.
由于全班同学注视着他，他感到更不自在了。
[例2]I'd like to see the new film with time permitting.时间许可的话，我想看那部新电影。
[知识拓展]
with复合结构中除了可以跟动词 ing形式外，还有以下结构：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词
(2)with＋宾语＋副词
(3)with＋宾语＋介词短语
(4)with＋宾语＋过去分词
(5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He fell asleep with the lamp burning(burn).
②All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock).
③I can't go out with all these clothes to wash(wash).
④Don't speak with your mouth full(你满嘴巴的食物).
as引导让步状语从句
(教材P17)Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.
虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
句式分析：本句是一个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，句子必须用倒装形式。
[例1]Hard as he works，he makes little progress.
尽管他学习很努力，但没取得什么进步。
[例2]Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。
[知识拓展]
另外although，though可以引导让步状语从句；although不用倒装；though可以倒装也可以不倒装。
[即学即练]——句型转换
①Although it was raining heavily outside，they started out very early.
→Heavily as/though it was raining outside，they started out very early.
②Although atoms are small，they are made up of still smaller units.
→Small as/though atoms are，they are made up of still smaller units.
that's why...“那就是……的原因”
(教材P17)That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
那就是为什么每次太空漫步都是精心策划的。
句式分析：本句that's why...表示“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，why后面跟结果。
[例1]That is why there are many versions of the same story.
那就是为什么同一个故事有很多版本。
[例2]That is why the cultural industry in China is needed.
那就是中国需要文化产业的原因。
[知识拓展]
That's because... 那是因为……(because后面跟原因)
The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……
[即学即练]——句型转换
He missed the bus，that's why he was late for school．
→He was late for school，that's because he missed the bus．
→The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus．
教材 高考
1．Hopefully, this experiment will cast new light on space farming and allow us to set up permanent bases on other planets, such as Mars． (2021· 全国乙卷)．．．which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites．
2．We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants． (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re evaluate the functionality of emotions．．．
3．First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation． (2021·浙江卷)To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions．．．
4．Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health． (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)．．．an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．You can imagine how fully occupied (occupy) I became, raising four boys under the age of 8!
2．In the circumstances, it seems better not to tell him about the accident．
3．He was eager to be back after more than a week's absence from school．
4．It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated(evaluate) in terms of overall quality．
5．Scientists worry that exposure/being exposed (expose) to light while sleeping can increase chances of getting cancer．
6．What's worse, some drivers do not think it vital to obey traffic rules．
7．Sorry to bother (bother) you, but the manager is on the line．
8．For several hours I made myself highly visible (vision), making sure everyone could see me．
9．No one is asking you to put on a hair shirt and give up all your luxuries(luxury)．
10．His confidence had been permanently(permanent) affected by the painful suffering．
Ⅱ．短语填空
carry out；differ from；in view of；of vital importance；in the circumstances；cast new light on；go on
1．With time going on, the situation is becoming more and more complex．
2．Nobody doubts that reading is of vital importance in language learning．
3．In view of the terrible weather，the event will be held indoors next Wednesday．
4．To be frank, I really have some difficulty carrying out the plan．
5．She is not feeling well．In the circumstances, it seems better not to tell her about the fact．
6．What the scientists are doing will cast new light on how the system works sooner or later．
7．Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Due to the near 1．absence(absent) of gravity，we have to attach ourselves．We usually sleep in private quarters，or in sleeping bags 2．attached(attach) to the walls or the ceiling．The routine tasks are demanding but extremely 3．rewarding(reward)．We conduct scientific research．The experiment I have been working on is to locate and track lightning over large regions of the Earth．Hopefully，4．it will cast new light on the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning 5．protection(protect)．It's time 6．for a spacewalk to test new equipment，monitor scientific experiments or repair the space station，which is the most 7．challenging(challenge) work．The spacesuits allow us to breathe and protect us from 8．exposure(expose) to the cold and radiation．Eating is different．We must eat dried or freeze dried food．Salt and pepper are only in liquid form to avoid floating away and blocking the air pipes．We must ensure a 9．balanced(balance) supply of nutrients by taking pills．To keep healthy，we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day，using specially designed equipment．Sit back with 10．the rest of the crew，watch our remarkable planet go by，and take pictures for our family and friends．1．convince vt．使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→convinced adj．确信的；深信的→convincing adj．令人信服的
2．acknowledge vt．承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢
3．depart vi．& vt．离开，起程→departure n．离开；出发
4．astonish vt．使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishment n．惊奇；惊诧
dismiss vt．不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
①I think we can safely dismiss their objections． 不予考虑
②Dismissing her fears，she climbed higher． 摒除
③She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post． 解雇
④At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed． 解散
convince vt．使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
[例]I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor．
我一直劝他去看病。
[知识拓展]
(1)convince sb．of sth．/that
使某人相信某事
convince sb．to do sth． 说服某人做某事
(2)convinced adj． 坚定不移的；确信的
be convinced of sth．/that 确信
(3)convincing adj． 令人信服的；有说服力的
a convincing victory/win 大比分获胜
[即学即练]——同义句转换/单句语法填空
①I convinced him of her honesty．
→I convinced him that she was honest．
②I convinced him to change(change) his mind．
③I am convinced(convince) that he is telling the truth．
④There is now a convincing(convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer．
load vt．& vi．装上，装入 n．负载；承载量；大量
[例]The trucks waited at the warehouse to pick up their loads．
货车在仓库等着装载货物。
[知识拓展]
(1) take a load off one's mind
卸下心中重担；如释重负
a load of＝loads of 许多
(2) load．．．with．．．＝be loaded with
用……装……
load sth．into/onto．．． 把……装入……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①In the first pass all the addresses are loaded into the database．
②Thirty six trucks were loaded with some 100 tons of dried milk and bandages．
strengthen vt．& vi．加强，增强
[例]The move is clearly intended to strengthen the President's position as head of state．
这一举措显然意在加强总统作为国家元首的地位。
[知识拓展]
strength n． 力气，体力；强项，优势
have the strength to do sth． 有做某事的力气
build up one's strength 增强体力
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
[即学即练]——完成句子
①I knew I would have the strength to go on(我会有力气继续)，and where that strength would come from．
②It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength(增强你的体力) again．
acknowledge vt．承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢
[例]I allowed myself to acknowledge my true feelings．
我愿意承认自己的真实感情。
[知识拓展]
(1)acknowledge sth．/that．．．承认……
acknowledge．．．to be/as．．．认为……是……；承认……
acknowledge doing/having done
承认做过……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that．．．
……是大家公认的；被公认为……
acknowledge one's letter 向某人表示信已收到
(2)acknowledgement n． 承认；感谢
in acknowledgement of 对……的承认/答谢
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Do you acknowledge that you've been wrong
②He acknowledged having been defeated(defeat) at last．
③He is acknowledged as one of the best basketball players in the world．
influential adj．有很大影响力的；有支配力的
[例]She is one of the most influential figures in local politics．
她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物。
[知识拓展]
(1)be influential in doing sth．
做某事有影响
(2)influence vt． 影响
n． 影响力；有影响力的人
influence sb．to do sth． 影响某人做某事
have an influence on/upon．．．对……有影响
under the influence of 在……影响下
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He had been influential in shaping(shape) economic policy．
②Many other medications have an influence on cholesterol levels．
③Under the influence of new economic situation(在新经济形势的影响下)，changes take place in the field of design.
insist vi．& vt．坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
[例]She insisted on him wearing a suit．
她坚持要他穿西装。
[知识拓展]
(1)insist on (doing) sth． 坚持(做)某事
(2)insist后面跟从句，表示“坚持要……”时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should do形式；表示“坚持认为；坚持说”时，从句用陈述语气。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①His family insisted he (should) be given(give) a proper burial．
②He insisted that the mineral content of the water determined(determine) the opacity．
③They insisted upon being given(give) every detail of the case．
depart vi．& vt．离开，起程
[例]The train departed Amritsar at 6：15 p．m．
火车在下午6点15分离开了阿姆利则。
[知识拓展]
(1)depart from 从……离开；背离，违反
depart for．．． 离开去……
(2)departure n． 离开；出发
take one's departure 离开；出发
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Lipton is planning to depart from the company he founded．
②Sam will depart for Japan tomorrow，and he'll return to China next week．
③They had received no news of him since his departure(depart) from the island．
panic n．惊恐，恐慌vi．& vt．(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
[例]Office workers fled in panic as the fire took hold．
火势起来时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。
[知识拓展]
(1)in panic 惊慌失措地
be in a panic 处于惊慌失措中
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)be panicked into doing sth．
惊慌地做某事
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①No one knows why she fled in panic．
②She called the police station in a panic．
③Rumours of war panicked many investors into selling(sell) their shares．
the way后跟定语从句
(教材P30)Their discoveries have improved our knowledge of the Earth and have also changed the way we understand our place in the world．
他们的发现提高了我们对地球的认识，也改变了我们了解自己在世界上地位的方式。
句式分析：本句中we understand our place in the world是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
[例1]The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformation in the past decade．
在过去的十年里，我们的工作方式经历了彻底的变革。
[例2]We did an analysis of the way that government money has been spent in the past．
我们分析了过去政府资金的使用情况。
[知识拓展]
the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语、宾语或宾补时，用that或in which引导定语从句，作宾语时可以省略。
[即学即练]——完成句子
①Please do it in the way I've told you(我告诉你的方式)．
②First it changes the way in which/that you deal with others(你对待他人的方式)．
教材 高考
1．His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions． (2021·全国甲卷)Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment．
2．Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands． (2021·天津卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life．
3．The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was． (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife．
4．The men on board were in panic． (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Jenna panicked．
5．After continuous attempts, he received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain． (2021·浙江卷)That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．She signaled her return to form with a convincing (convince) victory．
2．Guests panicked(panic) and screamed when the bomb exploded．
3．Their harmonious(harmony) relationship resulted in part from their similar goals．
4．Our buyers insist on high standards of workmanship and materials．
5．Buy a policy only from an insurance company that is financially (financial) sound．
6．Such a move would have been a startling departure (depart) from tradition．
7．Any experience can teach and strengthen (strength) you, but particularly the more difficult ones．
8．Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff．
9．Newspapers seized on the results as proof that global warming wasn't really happening．
10．Gradually he began to acknowledge (acknowledge) his feelings of envy towards his mother．
Ⅱ．短语填空
regardless of; allow for；on behalf of；take charge of; over the course of
1．I am sorry for being unable to visit you this Saturday afternoon because I will be attending a lecture about garbage classification on behalf of my class at that time．
2．She arrives early every day, ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she has done anything similar．
3．The bed should be four to six inches longer than its tallest user, allowing for space to move around．
4．Teachers must motivate students to take charge of their own learning—they can't depend on others all the time．
5．The company faces major challenges over the course of the next few years．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Zheng He set sail from Taicang on his first voyage in 1405．There were over 200 ships，with almost 28，000 people on board．On behalf of the Ming Dynasty，Zheng He made seven voyages，1．reaching(reach) more than 30 countries and regions，which developed and 2．strengthened(strength) harmonious relations with them．The voyages helped expose foreign people 3．to Chinese culture and allow the Chinese 4．to understand(understand) overseas lands．
Columbus received 5．financial(finance) support from the King and Queen of Spain．He departed 6．from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 7．crewmen(crewman) on 3 August，1492．On 12 October，they spotted land in the distance，which made him 8．convinced(convince) that was the East Indies．His major 9．contribution(contribute) is that he “discovered” the New World，10．which opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration．
