Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 单元讲义+练习（含解析）2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit5 What were you doing when the reainstorm came？
一、重要知识点讲解
1 My alarm didn’t go off so I got up late.我的闹钟没有响，因此我起来晚了。
go off （铃声）响起
2 I ran to the bus stop but I still missed the bus . 我跑向车站，但我还是错过了公交车。
1）miss作及物动词，意为“想念，思念”。
I’ll miss you when you go to Canada. 你到了加拿大以后，我一定会想你。
2）miss作动词还有“未击中，未抓住”的意思。
I tried to hit the ball but I missed. 我努力地想击中球，但却未成功。
3）miss还可意为“未赶上，错过”，是动词。
I missed the football match on TV last night. 我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。
4）miss与like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop; can’t help; give up等词一样后接动词的-ing形式。
I don’t want to miss seeing that film on television tonight.我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。
3 I called at seven and you didn’t pick up.我在7点打了电话给你，但你没有接。
pick up（=pick up the phone）接电话
4 I called again at eight and you didn’t answer then either. 我8点又给你打电话了，但你也没有回答。
1）either作副词，意为“也不”，用在否定句中。
He can’t play the violin. I can’t, either. 他不会拉小提琴，我也不会。
2）either pron. （两者中）任意一个。
There are many trees on either side of the street. 在街道的每一边都有很多树。
3）either…or…为连词短语，连接两个相同的句子成分，意为“要么…要么…；或者…或者…；不是…就是…”。
They will come either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. 他们不是明天来，就是后天来。
4）either…or…连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式与紧靠谓语的那个主语的形式保持一致，即遵循就近原则。
Either I or he is on duty today. 今天不是我值日，就是他值日。
5 ---When you called, I was taking a shower. 当你打电话的时候，我正在淋浴。
---So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me. 在你睡觉期间，我打电话给珍妮，她帮助了我。
辨析：when与while
①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while是during the time that，只指
一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而
while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在
从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
③由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句主句都用过去
进行时时，多用while ，
When the teacher came in, we were talking.当老师进来的时候，我们正在讲话。
当此句改变主从句的位置时，
They were singing while we were dancing. 他们正在唱歌，我们正在跳舞。
④ when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。
He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。
6 Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his moms was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. 本的爸爸正在把木头钉在窗户上，他的妈妈正在检查手电筒和收音机是好的。
make sure 查明；确信
Make sure that you’ve made no mistakes. 确保你没有犯任何错误。
7 He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.当凌晨3点左右的时候，风开始小下去，他最后睡着了。
die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐平息，相当于drop。
The wind dropped. = The wind died down. 风力减弱了。
8 When he woke up, the sun was rising. 当他醒来，太阳正升起。
1）wake 意为“醒过来”。但wake up 意为“叫醒”时，要注意宾语的位置，代词宾语要放在wake和up
的中间。
Please wake me up at 6:00am tomorrow morning. 明天早上请在6点叫醒我。
9 People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.
人们常常记得当他们听到历史上重大事件的新闻时他们当时正在做什么。
1）“what they were doing”作remember的宾语从句，用了陈述语序。
2）辨析event & accident “事件，事”
①event: 多指重大历史事件或日常生活中较重要的事情或体育赛事中的重大项目。
②accident: 常指不幸的事件，多有不良的后果。 by accident 偶然地，意外地
His father died in a railway accident. 他的父亲死于一场火车事故。
10 My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence. 我的父母不再讲话，然后我们静静地吃完剩余的晚饭。
1）the rest剩余部分
Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about the rest 一些小麦来自加拿大，其余的那些呢？
2）in silence 沉默地，寂静地 keep in silence = keep silent 保持沉默
Our teacher asked us to keep silent. 我们的老师要求我们保持安静。
11 Even the date--- September 11, 2001--- has meaning to most Americans.甚至日期---2001年9月11日，对大多数美国人都有（特殊）意义。
mean (meant, meant) 及物动词，意为“意味，想要，意思是”.
mean doing sth. “意味着（必须要做某事）”
Success means working hard. 成功意味着工作努力。
mean to do sth. “打算或企图做某事”
What do you mean to do with it 你打算把它怎么处理？
What do/did you mean by … 句型的意思是“你……是什么意思？”
What do you mean by acting like this 你这样做是什么意思。
12 I didn’t believe him at first, but then I looked out the window and realized that it was true.起初，我不相信他，但当我从窗户向外望去时，我意识到知识真的。
辨析：at first , first of all, firstly, first
①at first: 起初；用于表示一段时间，与稍后时间作比较，常与later，soon等连用。
②first of all: 首先；表示根据时间顺序依次列出一系列事情，常与then，next等连用。
③firstly: 第一；用于例举一系列原因，看法或评论等，常与 secondly，thirdly等连用。
④first：首先，第一（次）；用法同first of all，还可以用于“第一个做…”和“第一次”等。
13 But when I pointed it out to my frien.但是我向我朋友指出它。
point out意为“指出”，是“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作宾语时应放在动词之后、副词之前。
There is a mistake in this sentence. Can you point it out 这个句子有一处错误，你能把它指出来吗？
He pointed out the woman from these photos.他从这些照片中指出了那个女子。
二、单元语法
过去进行时
1）定义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作
2）构成：主语+was／were＋v.－ing
说明：当主语是第一人称单数形式或第三人称单数形式时，助动词用was，其余人称用were
3）常用时间状语：at that time,at this time yesterday,at 8: 00 yesterday morning，at the time of…等
I was reading a book in the library at that time．那时我正在图书馆里看书。
4）基本句型
①肯定句：主语＋was/were＋v.－ing＋其他
I was sleeping at ten last night.昨天晚上10点我在睡觉。
②否定句：主语＋wasn’t/weren’t＋v.-ing＋其他
I wasn’t sleeping at ten last night..昨天晚上10点我没在睡觉。
③一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语十v.－ing＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语＋was/were;否定回答：No，主语＋wasn’t/weren’t
---Were you sleeping at ten last night？昨天晚上10点你在睡觉吗？
---Yes，I was.／No.I wasn’t对，是的./不，我没有。
5）与其它时态的区别
①与现在进行时的区别：
改错：My mother is cooking when I got home.
解析：现在进行时和过去进行时的共同特点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时的前提是过去，由when I got home 可看出前提是过去。
②与一般过去式的差别
试看这两个句子：
I read a story book yesterday evening.昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意就是已经读完了
I was reading a story book yesterday evening.昨天晚上我正在读一本故事书，强调正在读。
同步练习
Ⅰ.单项选择（15）
1. — I can talk about my mistake with you, Miss White.
—There is no need to ___________________ that, Jimmy. It’s not a big deal.
A. imagine B. change C. realize D. explain
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——我可以和你谈谈我的错误，怀特小姐。——没必要解释，吉米。没什么大不了的。imagine想象，设想；change改变，变化；realize理解，领会，实现；explain 解释，说明。根据It’s not a big deal.( 没什么大不了的)可知，没必要解释。故选D。
2. It’s very cold in Harbin. Snowing in October is nothing ___________________ there.
A. strange B. useful C. traditional D. natural
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈尔滨很冷，十月下雪没什么奇怪的。A. strange奇怪的；B. useful有用的；C. traditional传统的；D. natural自然的。根据句意可知，应选A。
3. —Nancy, do you know where Jim is
—I don't know. Maybe he is ______________________.
A. on his way to home B. in his way to home C. on his way home D. in his way home
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：——南希，你知道吉姆在哪儿吗 ——我不知道，也许他正在回家的路上。on one’s way to someplace意为：在去某地的路上；home为地点副词，省略to。应选择C。
4. My ____________ to France ____________ from Beijing International Airport yesterday.
A. flight; took off B. fly; took off C. flies; takes off D. flight; takes off
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态辨析及同根词汇运用。句意：我飞往巴黎的航班昨天从北京国际机场起飞了。flight意为：航班，名词；fly意为：飞行，动词；my为形容词性物主代词，后接名词flight。时间状语yesterday常用于一般过去时，谓语结构为动词的过去式，应选择A。
5. How strange! You sit in your room___________________ for a long time, Li Ming.
—I just want to be quiet for a while. I’m sorry, Dad. I failed the test again.
A. in silence B. in person C. in public D. in fact
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——真奇怪！李明，你在房间里安静地坐了很长时间。——我只是想安静一会儿。对不起,爸爸，我考试又没及格。A. in silence沉默地；B. in person亲自；C. in public公开地；D. in fact事实上。根据下文I just want to be quiet for a while(我只是想安静一会儿)可知，应是在房间里静静地坐了很长时间，故答案A。
6. My father was so tired. He ___________________ as soon as he lay in bed.
A. put up B. woke up C. fell down D. fell asleep
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：我父亲太累了。他一躺在床上就睡着了。A. put up 举起，张贴；B. woke up醒来；C. fell down倒下；D. fell asleep入睡，睡着。结合句意可知，应选D。
7. —Could you tell me what he said just now
—Sorry, I ___________________ what was happening outside.
A. have thought B. was thinking C. thought D. think
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时的运用。句意：——你能告诉我他刚才说的什么吗？——对不起，我正在想外面发生了什么事。过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，结构为was/were + doing。根据句意可知，刚才他说话的时候，我正在考虑问题，需用过去进行时。主语为I，谓语动词需用was thinking。故选择B。
8. —Mr. Li___________________ to Mary carefully when I came into the classroom this morning.
—He is very patient (有耐心的) ___________________ he is young.
A. talking; but B. was talking; though C. talks; though D. talked; however
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时的运用及连词辨析。句意：——今天早上当我走进教室的时候，李老师正在和Mary仔细地谈话。——尽管他很年轻，他很有耐心。过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，结构为was/were + doing。but但是；though尽管。根据句意可知，第一个空表示当我走进(came)教室时，李老师正在和玛丽谈话，需用过去进行时态。分析前后句可知，答语前后句存在转折关系，需用引导让步状语从句。故选B。
9. My parents were ___________________ shocked when they heard the surprising news.
A. recently B. heavily C. hardly D. completely
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我的父母听说了这个令人吃惊的消息时，他们完全震惊了。recently最近；heavily重地；hardly几乎不；completely完全地。根据句意可知，此处表示完全震惊，应选D。
10. —What were your family members doing ___________________ the heavy snowstorm came
—We were trying to play a card game at home.
A. while B. when C. as soon as D. since
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：——当大的暴风雪来临的时候你的家人们正在做什么？——我们正在家里玩卡片游戏。while当…时候，引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去进行时态，谓语动词多为持续性动词；when当…时候，引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般过去时，谓语动词可为瞬间性动词；as soon as一……就……；since自从。分析时间状语从句的谓语动词可知，came为瞬间动词，故应选B。
11. When you ___________________ me last night, I ___________________ the piano.
A. called; played B. were calling; played C. called; was playing D. were calling; was playing
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态辨析。句意：昨晚你给我打电话时，我在弹钢琴。考查动词时态辨析。When引导的状语从句，由时间标志last night确定应用过去时called，表示瞬间发生的动作。那一瞬间发生时，我正在弹钢琴，was playing the piano是过去进行时，所以答案应选C。
12. The man followed the boy___________________ what he wanted___________________ in the small room.
A. to see; to do B. to see; do C. see; to do D. see; do
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定式表目的的用法。句意：那位人跟着男孩去看他想在小房间里干什么。不定式to see表示follow的目的。故选A。
13. After we watched TV yesterday, we knew the _________________ about the traffic accident.
A. development B. truth C. decision D. opinion
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：昨天我们看完电视后，就知道了交通事故的真相。development发展；truth事实；decision决定；opinion主张。根据句意可知，应选择B。
14. Do you remember _____________________ when the car accident happened
A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you did D. what did you do
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态辨析及宾语从句。句意：你记得当车祸发生时，你在做什么吗？remember 动词，意为：记得，后可接宾语从句，需用陈述语序，即：主语+谓语动词，排除疑问语序B、D。根据句意可知，应是询问：事故发生时，你在什么？需用过去进行时态，排除一般过去时C。故选A。
15. —Sally, I'm going to drive all the way to Tibet from Nanjing by myself!
—What _________________________!
A. No problem B. Good idea C. Have a good time D. You're kidding
【答案】D
【解析】考查交际用语。句意：萨利，我要自己一路开车从南京去西藏。——什么？你在开玩笑吧! No problem 没问题；Good idea好主意；Have a good time 玩得愉快；You're kidding你在开玩笑吧；根据答语What可知，B感到惊讶，不相信。应选择D。
Ⅱ. 阅读理解（10）
One day a poor farmer was taking a bag of rice to town. Suddenly the bag fell from his horse on the road. He didn’t know what to do about it because it was too heavy for him to lift (举起) by himself. He only hoped that somebody would soon pass (经过) by and help him.
Just at this moment a man riding a horse came up to him. But the farmer was very disappointed（失望的）when he saw who he was. It was the great man living nearby. The farmer had hoped to ask another farmer or a poor man like him for help.
But to his surprise, the great man got off his horse as soon as he came nearer. He said to the farmer, “I see you need help, friend. How good it is that I’m here just at the right time,” Then he took one end of the bag, the farmer took the other. They together lifted and put it on the horse.
“Sir,” asked the farmer, “how can I pay you ”
“It’s quite easy,” the great man answered with a smile, “Wherever (无论在哪里) you see anyone in trouble, do the same for him.”
16. What happened when the farmer went to a town
A. His horse’s leg was hurt. B. The bag fell from his horse.
C. The farmer lost his bag D. The horse was ill
【答案】B
【解析】根据Suddenly the bag fell off his horse on the road.可知，袋子从马背上掉下来了。故选B
17. The farmer couldn’t lift the bag onto the horse by himself because ______________.
A. the bag was broken B. the horse went away
C. the bag was too heavy for him to lift D. the farmer was too old
【答案】C
【解析】根据He didn’ t know what to do about it because it was too heavy for him to lift(举起) by himself可知，他自已搬不动，因为太重了。故选C。
18. Why was the farmer very disappointed when he saw the great man
A. Because he thought the great man couldn’t help him.
B. Because he thought the great man could take away his bag.
C. Because he thought the great man could take away his horse.
D. Because he thought the great man couldn’t see him.
【答案】A
【解析】根据第二段内容及第三段中的But to his surprise, the great man got off his horse as soon as he came near可知，他认为大人物不会帮助他，所以他很失望。故选A。
19. Who helped the farmer
A. The great man. B. Another farmer.
C. A poor man like him. D. A friend of the farmer’s.
【答案】A
【解析】根据Then he took one end of the bag, the farmertook the other. They together lifted and put it on the horse.
可知，是这个大人物帮助了他。故选A。
20. According to the great man’s words, if the poor farmer sees someone in trouble, what will he do
A. He will go away as soon as possible because he doesn’t want any trouble.
B. He will give some help if he knows him or her.
C. He won’t give any help unless he or she pays him money.
D. He will volunteer to help him or her
【答案】D
【解析】根据Wherever you see anyone else in trouble, do the same for him可知，大人物希望无论何地，如果遇到需要帮助的人，他也能主动帮助他们。故选D。