Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world?单元学案（含解析）2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit7 What's the highest mountain in the world
一、重要知识点讲解 .?
1 1,025 meters deep1025米深
描述“长宽高深”的两种句型：
1）数字+单位+“长宽高深”的形容词（long, wide, high, deep等）
eg. The hotel pool is 15 metres long. 酒店泳池有15米长
2）数字+单位+in+“长宽高深”的名词（length, width, height, depth等）
The hotel pool is 15 metres in length.
2 Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何山都高。
1）any other “其他任何一个” ，后接可数名词单数；指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物；通常用于比较级，多用于同一范围内相比较。
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国的其他城市都大。
2）“any other +可数名词单数” 可与 “the other +可数名词复数”互换，也可用最高级形式表达。
Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class.(any other + 可数名词单数）
= Lucy is the most careful in her class.
3 As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.就我所知，再没有其他像它这样大的人工建筑物了。
as far as I know 为固定表达，相当于so far as I know。类似的表达有：as /so far as I can see” 依我看”。
As far as I can see, there is no difference between the two computers. 在我看来，这两台电脑没有差别。
4 One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas.世界上最危险的运动之一就是爬山，最出名的地方之一就是喜马拉雅山。
“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”指在某一个范围内“最…之一”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Mary is one of the best students in our class.玛丽是我们班最好的学生之一。
5 It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.当你接近山顶的时候，呼吸空气会变得非常困难。
take in意为“吸入；吞入（体内）”。
On weekends the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and take in the fresh air there.
周末，史密斯一家常驱车到农村去呼吸那里的新鲜空气。
6 in the face意为“面对（问题或者困难）”
They showed courage in the face of danger.面对危险的时候，他们展示出了勇气。
7 Canada is a lot less crowded than China.加拿大不及中国拥挤很多。
less+adj+than不及比较
Joseph is less honest than his brother. 约瑟夫不像他兄弟那样诚实。
less than（中间不加任何词）―少于
There are less than 30 girls in my class.我们班不足30个女生。
more than（中间不加任何词）―超过，多于，相当于over‖
There are more than 30 girls in my class.我们班有超过30个女生。
8 The elephant weighs many times more than this panda.这头大象的重量是这只熊猫的很多倍。
1）time “是....的几倍”；主语 + 数词 + times + as +形容词+ as +被比较的内容
Our new school is four times as big as the old one.我们的新学校的以前的四倍大。
2）“次数”
once一次 twice两次 three times 三次 three or four times 三到四次
It’s time for sth .或 It’s time ( for sb .) to do sth .意为：该是……的时候了
It’s time for dinner .该是吃晚餐的时候了。
9 A panda can live up to...熊猫最多可以活到...
1）up to表示“达到（某种数量或者程度）”
The theatre can hold up to 500 people.这个电影院最多可以容纳500人。
2）be up to sb.“由某人决定”
You can leave today or tomorrow. It is up to you.
10 Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast. 熊猫饲养员正在为熊猫爸爸准备早餐牛奶。
① prepare for sth.“为…做准备”
They are preparing for the party tonight.他们正在为今晚的派对做准备。
② prepare...for...“为……准备……”
We should prepare some sweets for Children’s Day.我们要为儿童节准备一些糖果。
③ be prepared for“为…作准备”
The players are well prepared for the match.运动员已经为比赛做好准备。
11 Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers . 另外还有大约300只大熊猫生活在动物园或研究中国。
or so意为“大约”，放在数量词后面，表示大约的概念。
There are 30 workers or so in the factory.
When the babies see the keepers, they run over with excitement and some of them even walk into their friends and fall down! 当熊猫幼崽们看到饲养员时便激动地跑了过来，有些甚至撞倒它们的伙伴，绊倒在地！
run over 撞倒
13 The baby often die from illness and do not live very long.熊猫幼崽常死于疾病，并且活不久。
辨析：die from 与 die of
①die from 通常在外部原因（事故，自然灾害等）造成的死亡
②die of通常指人体自身原因（年老，忧伤，饥饿等）造成的死亡
表示死于疾病时，二者可以互换。
14 But then humans started to cut down the forests, and there was less bamboo for the pandas.但是后来人类开始砍伐森林，导致可供熊猫吃的竹子越来越少。
cut down 砍伐；砍倒 cut down 砍倒，减少，降低，缩短
The little boy cut down the young tree.那个小男孩把那个小树砍倒了。
15 Scientists say there are now fewer than 2000 pandas living in the remaining forests.科学家们说现在只有不到2000只大熊猫生活在幸存的森林中了。
1）There be + 名词（短语）+ ving.某处有某人或某物在做某事
There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.外面一辆垃圾车正在回收垃圾。
2）remind v保持，仍是（系动词+adj.）
Though he has been working hard, his math remains bad.虽然他努力学习，但是他的数学还是很糟糕。
二、单元语法
1. 基数词
1）基数词的构成。
基数词1-12是独立的单词。
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“-”。
twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight
三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen
英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，在表示“万”和“亿”时，把“万”念成10个千，“十万”念成100个千，“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。
10,000：ten thousand
100,000: a hundred thousand
100,000,000: a hundred million
35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five
2）hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。
hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时，只用其单数形式；但是在表示不确切数字时，要用其复数形式，并且与of连用，表示约数。
There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。
3）基数词表示编号
Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课
Room 306 306房间
Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页
Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1）形容词比较级的变化规则
规则变化
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词+er/est short shorter shortest
cold colder coldest
以不发音e结尾的词+r/st wide wider widest
large larger largest
单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/est big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/est heavy heavier heaviest
busy busier busiest
多音节词在前面+more/most important more important most important
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
old older/elder oldest/eldest
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
2）形容词比较级用法
①比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。
He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。
②表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is 比较级，A or B？”表示“两者之间较…之一”时，用“the + 比较级”结构。
He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。
③“越来越…”用“比较级and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。
She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。
④表示“越…越…”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。
The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。
⑤数量的词+比较级+than，...比...大几岁/重几斤/高几厘米
Bob is 3 years older than Tom.Bob比Tom 大3岁。
3）形容词最高级用法
①表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。
The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
②表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the+最高级，A, B or C？”。
Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？
③表示“最…之一”用“one of the最高级+可数名词复数”。
She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
④形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几…”。
She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。
⑤比较级和最高级之间的互换。
He is taller than any other boy in our class.= He is taller than the other boys in our class.= He is the tallest boy in our class.
注意比较以下两个句子：
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内）
= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范围之外）
同步练习
Ⅰ.单项选择（15）
1. —Have you seen the movie Wolf Warriors II
—Yes. This is __________________ educational film and it has become one of __________________ most popular films in the world.
A. a; / B. a; the C. an; the D. /; the
【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词运用及最高级的固定结构。句意：——你看过电影《战狼II》吗？——看过。这是一部教育片，它已经成为世界上最受欢迎的电影之一。一部教育片表示泛指，educational是以元音音素开头，前面用不定冠词an表示泛指；most popular是popular的最高级形式，形容词的最高级前要加定冠词the，故答案为C。
2.—Why are the rare animals becoming fewer and fewer
—Because of terrible living __________________. People cut down too many forests.
A. conditions B. ways C. styles D. development
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——那些稀有的动物为什么变得越来越少？——因为糟糕的生存条件。人们砍下了很多森林。conditions条件；ways方法；styles风格；development发展，成长。根据People cut down too many forests.可知，动物的生存的条件变糟糕了，故选A。
3. Jill worked so hard that she __________________ very good exam results.
A. expected B. improved C. accepted D. achieved
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉尔学习如此努力，以至于考试取得好成绩。考查动词辨析题。so + 形容词/副词+that从句，是固定结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。A. expected期待；B. improved提高；C. accepted收到；D. achieved获得。根据句意可知，前三个选项都与句意不合，故选D。
4. —I really like to watch the TV program The Reader.
—Me, too. It's one of the __________________ TV programs I've ever seen.
A. least boring B. least interesting C. most boring D. most interesting
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词最高级的运用。句意：——我真的喜欢观看《我是歌手》这个电视节目。——我也是，它是我曾经看过的最有趣的节目之一。one of+形容词最高级+可数名词的复数，意为：最……之一，应选D。
5. —Do you know Shanghai is one of __________________ in the world
—Yes, it's bigger than __________________ city in China.
A. the biggest city: any B. the biggest cities; any
C. the biggest cities; any other D. bigger city; any other
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词最高级的运用。句意：你知道上海是世界上最大的城市之一吗 是的，它比中国的任何其他城市都大。句型“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为：最……的……之一，固定句式结构；第二空用“比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”结构，表示“比其余任何一个……都……”，比较级形式表最高级的意思。故选C。
6. High-speed trains are seen as one of the new __________________ Four Great of China.
A. Achievements B. Agreements C. Environments D. Governments
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：高铁被视为中国四大新成就之一。Achievement成就；Agreement协议；Environment环境；Government政府。根据句意可知，应选择A。
7. —It’s said that only a few pet dogs can live up __________________ 20 years old.
—That's true. Most of them die __________________ illnesses before they get old.
A. with; of B. to; of C. to; with D. with; in
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语的构成。句意：——据说只有少数宠物狗能活到20岁。——是真的，他们中的大多数人在年老之前就死于疾病。up to意为：到达(某数量、程度等)；多达；不多于； die of意为：因……而死。故选B。
8. While we stay in the countryside, we are so close to nature and can __________________ fresh air.
A. give out B. depend on C. take in D. look for
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们呆在乡村的时候，我们很亲近自然，可以呼吸新鲜空气。考查动词短语辨析题。A. give out分发B. depend on依赖；C. take in吸收；D. look for寻找。so close to nature如此接近自然；根据句意可知，ABD均与句意不符，故选C。
9. —__________________ is the population of your factory
—It has a __________________ population because it's a new factory.
A. How many; big B. What; small C. How big; small D. What; big
【答案】B
【解析】考查询问人口的固定句型及population的修饰词。句意：——你的工厂人数是多少？——因为它是一个新工厂，所以人口很少。询问人口数量常用句型：What is the population of… 常用要用big或small修饰population，表达人口的多少，应选B。
10. —Nowadays Chinese children are much busier on weekends than weekdays.
—Parents should__________________ the number of classes in the training school.
A. cut down B. cut off C. cut out D. cut up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：cut down减少; cut off切掉；cut out切断; cut up切碎。将各选项代入句中可知，cut down符合题意，此处指父母应该减少培训学校课的数量。故选A。
11. The Sahara is about 29 __________________ the Taklamakan, the largest desert in China.
A. times as large as B. times as larger as
C. time as larger as D. times larger
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：撒哈拉沙漠是塔克拉玛干沙漠的约29倍大，是中国最大的沙漠。根据意思表达是29倍，time表示倍数时是可数名词，故可以排除选项C。as…as和……一样，中间跟比较级原形，可以排除选项B。D选项中的比较级larger后没有跟上关键词than，错误。故选A。
12. —What do you think of your junior high school life
—I think it is enjoyable, __________________I sometimes have some trouble with study.
A. if B. even though C. while D. until
【答案】B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：——你对你的初中生活有什么看法 ——我认为它是愉快的，即使我有时在学习上有一些困难。if如果；even though虽然，即使；while当......的时候；until直到。根据句意可知，应选择B。
13. —Would you please go to the movies with me tonight
—Sorry, I need to prepare for the exam. __________________ I know, Tom wants to see a film.
A. As soon as B. As far as C. As soon as D. As long as
【答案】B
【解析】考查形似短语辨析。句意：——你今晚能和我一起去看电影吗 ——对不起，我需要准备考试。就我所知，汤姆想看电影。As far as I know意为：据我所知，固定用法，应选择B。
14. —Wish you __________________ in the exams.
—Thank you. If I keep on studying hard，I think I'll __________________.
A. succeed; success B. success; successful C. succeed; successful D. success; succeed
【答案】D
【解析】考查同根词的运用。句意：——希望你在考试中成功。——谢谢你。如果我继续努力学习，我认为我将会成功。succeed成功，动词；success成功，名词；successful成功的，形容词。wish you success意为：祝你成功，表祝愿。I’ll是I will的缩写，后跟动词原形，应选D。
15. —Look at this picture taken on December 19th, 2021. It shows the snow covering part of the Sahara Desert.
—__________________. It last snowed there 38 years ago.
A. It doesn’t matter B. That’s a pity
C. That’s amazing D. Hope things work out
【答案】C
【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——看这张2021年12月19日拍摄的照片。它显示了撒哈拉沙漠的部分积雪。——太让人吃惊了！上次是38年前下的。A. It doesn’t matter没关系，回应别人的感谢；B. That’s a pity真遗憾，回应听到不好的消息；C. That’s amazing真让人吃惊，表惊叹；D. Hope things work out希望事情解决，表良好祝愿。根据句意和语境可知，选C。
Ⅱ. 完形填空（10）
Fourteen years ago, the BBC’S documentary(纪录片) Planet Earth took us on an amazing (16) _________________ from the rainforest to the sea. It celebrated the beauty (17) _________________ our planet. Last year, a show called Our Planet was doing even (18) _________________ than that. We were really surprised at the diversity(多样性) of life on the earth. It called on us to (19) _________________ the earth before it was too late.
What we do in the next 20 years will decide the future for all life on the earth, "Alastair Fothergill, one of the show's makers said.
Our Planet came out on April 5th, 2019. It (20) _________________ 50 countries and more than 600 people spent over four years (21) _________________ on it. The show has eight episodes (集). (22) _________________ of them begins with a picture of the earth taken from the moon. It shows some problems that we should take (23) _________________. It also shows that the numbers of many (24) _________________ animals are growing with the help of the scientists. All this reminds us that (25) _________________ we work together, it will never be too late to save our planet.
16. A. building B. mountain C. journey D. city
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：14年前，BBC的纪录片《星球地球》带我们踏上了一段从热带雨林到海洋的奇妙旅程。空格后提及从雨林到大海，由此可知 journey“旅行”符合语境。故选C。
17. A. with B. of C. from D. for
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词固定搭配。句意：它庆祝了我们星球的美丽。the beauty of......为固定搭配，意为：……的美丽。故选B。
18. A. more B. few C. much D. less
【答案】A
【解析】考查比较级的运用及形容词辨析。句意：去年，《我们的星球》的演出比 Planet Earth精彩得多。下文提及地球生命的多样性，由此可知上文《我们的星球》应比 Planet Earth精彩得多。故选A。
19. A. move B. hide C. copy D. save
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们对地球上生命的多样性感到非常惊讶。它号召我们在一切还来得及之前拯救地球。根据下文可知，它号召我们“拯救”地球。save意为“拯救”，符合语境。故选D。
20. A. flies B. covers C. offers D. reminds
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：《我们的星球》于2019年4月5日出版。它覆盖了50个国家，600多人花了4年多的时间从事这项工作。cover意为“涵盖”，符合语境。故选B。
21. A. arguing B. working C. returning D. depending
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：《我们的星球》于2019年4月5日出版。它覆盖了50个国家，600多人花了4年多的时间从事这项工作。work on是固定搭配，意为“从事”，符合句意。故选B。
22. A. Each B. None C. Some D. Both
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致及不定代词辨析。句意：这个节目有八集。每一个都是从月球上拍摄的地球照片开始的。谓语动词 begins是第三人称单数，主语应用Each。故选A。
23. A. heavily B. easily C. seriously D. completely
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：它揭示了一些我们应该重视的问题。heavily“沉重地” easily容易地＂；seriously严肃地”；completely“彻底地”。动词短语take ... seriously意为“认真对待”，符合语境。故选C。
24. A. talented B. endangered C. brave D. strange
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它还表明，在科学家的帮助下，许多濒危动物的数量正在增长。talented“有才能的”；endangered“临灭绝的”；brave“勇敢的”；strange“奇怪的”。下文提及科学家们的帮助，由此可知上文表示许多“濒危”动物的数量正在增加。故选B。
25. A. because of B. as soon as C. even though D. as long as
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都提醒我们，只要我们共同努力，拯救我们的星球永远都不会晚。“我们共同努力”与“拯救我们的星球永远不会太晚”是条件关系，故用 as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。故选D。