新北师大必修三Unit 8 Green living Lesson 2& Lesson 3精讲精练（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2& Lesson 3
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1　宏观架构　整体理解
Skim(略读) the passage quickly and get the general idea of it.
名师点津：略读就是快速阅读从而获取课文大意。技巧一：快速阅读首段和尾段，不要逐词阅读，找出关键词。技巧二：快速阅读每一段的首句，找出每一段的主旨句。
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and fill in the following blanks with suitable words.
　　　　|
1．It’s (1)flat.2．There are also plenty of places for bicycle (2)parking.3．Most streets in the city centre have a bicycle (3)path.
　　　　|
1．In the 1960s，a group of cycling (4)fans came up with an idea.2．In 1999，the “white bikes” (5)returned to Amsterdam.3．Nowadays，the idea of “white bikes”has pedalled its way (6)around the world and there has been a global (7)increase in bike-sharing.
　　　　|
1.In China，more and more cities have their own “white bike” 8 programmes.2.However， 9 problems can also develop.,3.Fortunately，people are trying different ways of 10 solving those problems.
Ⅱ.What’s the main idea of the text
The main idea of the text is on the road.
答案：“white bikes”
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
Choose the best answer.
1．Amsterdam is called “the City of Bicycles” because of .
A．the cycling fans there
B．the appearance of bicycles
C．the quality of bicycles
D．the convenience for bicycles
2．In the 1960s，some cycling fans hoped bikes could .
A．help to save energy
B．be specially designed
C．be placed anywhere
D．be painted in different colours
3．Why did the first “white bikes” plan fail
A．People were tired of riding bikes.
B．There were not enough parking places.
C．Thieves took all the bikes within weeks.
D．The government allowed people to drive cars freely.
4．What do people use if they want to take a “white bike”in the city
A．A white key. B．A special card.
C．A special computer. D．A common chip.
1．答案　D
2．答案　A
3．答案　C
4．答案　B
Task 3　读后续写微技能
Activity 1　美句欣赏
Read tha passage quickly and find out the description of events.
1.In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea.
2.In 1999,the “white bikes” returned to Amsterddan.
3.Nowadays, the idea of “white bikes”has pedalled its way around the world and there has been a global increase in bike-sharing.
Activity 2　文本讨论
1Activity 3　长句突破　能力提升
1．They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren’t allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.
[句式分析]　本句为复合句。They believed是 ；that it would be better for everybody...是that引导的 ；if cars weren’t allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were是if引导的 状语从句。
[自主翻译]　 。
2．Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy，reduce air and noise pollution，and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.
[句式分析]　本句为复合句。Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes是 ；because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save...是because引导的 从句； to save energy，reduce air and noise pollution，and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities是不定式短语作way的后置 。
[自主翻译]　 。
1．主句；宾语从句；条件[自主翻译]　他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。
2．主句；原因状语；定语。[自主翻译]　本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车简单又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪音污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。
Task 4　课文语法填空
Amsterdam is a city where people enjoy 1. (cycle) because it’s flat.Cycling fans in Amsterdam first had the idea of “white bikes” in the 1960s.They painted hundreds of bikes white and left them around the city centre for anybody 2. (use) because they were 3. (hope) that this would help to save energy，reduce pollution and provide free public transport.4. (fortunate)，in a matter of weeks，the“white bikes” all 5. (disappear)．In the 1990s，“white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with some high-tech security measures，for example，a computer tracking system.Now bike-sharing programmes 6. “white bikes” have become popular all around the world,7. (include) China,8. more and more people use shared bikes in cities.But problems do sometimes develop，like the stealing of bikes and 9. (park) issues.However，people are trying different ways 10. (find) solutions to those problems.
答案：1.cycling 2.to use3.hopeful4.Unfortunately5.disappeared6.like7.including8.where9.parking10.to find
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 2&Lesson3核心考点 讲练互动
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
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?occur(occurred，occurred) vi.发生；出现
※sth. occurs to sb.某人想起某事It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人想起做某事It occurs to sb. that...某人想到……※表示“某人突然想到……”的常用句型还有：It strikes sb.that...，It hits sb.that...等。注意：(1)occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。(2)表示“发生”的常见动词还有：happen，take place等。
(1)We are the products of evolution，and not just evolution that billions of years ago.(2020·全国 Ⅲ)
我们是进化的产物，不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化。
(2)A good idea occurred him when he was asked to find the solution to the problem.
当被叫到解决这个问题的时候，他突然想到一个好主意。
(3)I hold firm belief that never occurred to you to phone the police.
我想你压根儿就没想到给警察打电话吧。
[一句多译]
(4)她突然想到她应该毫不犹豫地收养这个无家可归的孩子。
① that she shouldn’t hesitate to adopt the homeless child.
② that she shouldn’t hesitate to adopt the homeless child.
③ that she shouldn’t hesitate to adopt the homeless child.
答案：(1) occurred
(2) to
(3)it
(4)①It hit her ②It struck her ③It occurred to her
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我非常尊重她，并钦佩她那种能克服如此巨大的个人损失的力量。
?overcome(overcame，overcome) vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情)
※overcome sth.克服……※be overcome by/with为……所压倒/制服
(1)We are supposed to hold the firm belief that we can any difficulty.
我们应该坚信我们能战胜任何困难。
(2)Even today，I will be overcome sorrow whenever I think of the late talented performer.
直到今天，我一想到那个已故的有天赋的演员，还是会悲痛万分。
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?work through调整(情绪)
work on致力于……；对……起作用；继续工作；从事于……work out解决；算出；制定出；锻炼work as从事……工作
(1)When we fail in performing on the stage，what we should do first is our regret.
当我们在舞台上表演失败的时候，我们应该做的第一件事情就是调整我们的懊悔情绪。
(2)I shall work that project from next week，and being a professional person，could you help me
我从下周起将开始那一课题的研究工作，作为专业人士，你能帮我吗？
(3)You should work the problem for yourself.
你应该独立解决这个问题。
(4)As you know，I have been working a teacher since 1998.
正如你知道的，自从1998年以来我一直从事教师工作。
答案：(1)working through
(2) on
(3) out
(4) as
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?disappear vi.消失；不见
※disappear into消失在……中disappear from从……消失disappear behind消失在……后面※disappearance n．消失；不见
(1)After becoming an important part of many British streets，the phone boxes began in the 1980s，with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.(2020·江苏)
在成为英国许多街道的重要组成部分后，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失，随着移动电话的兴起，大部分电话亭被扔进了垃圾场。
(2)He disappeared the dark before I could responded to his kindness.
我还没来得及对他的友善作出回应，他就消失在黑暗中。
(3)I watched the composer and the conductor disappear my horizon.
我看着作曲者和指挥者从我的视线消失。
(4)The viewers were enjoying the sunrise when the sun disappeared the clouds.
观看者们正在欣赏日出，这时太阳消失在云层后面。
答案：(1) disappearing
(2 into
(3)from
(4) behind
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?come up with想出，想到
come up走近；上来；被提出come about发生；产生come across遇见； 偶然 发现come out出来；出版come to苏醒；总计；达到when it comes to... to为介词 当谈到……
(1)She’s trying to a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is ecofriendly.
她正试图为海狸鼠皮做的衣服设计一种标签，以表明它是环保的。
(2)Her cat came and rubbed itself against their legs，which made them very joyous.
她的猫跑上前来，在他们腿上蹭来蹭去，让他们非常高兴。
(3)Can you tell me when the accident came and what is the victim’s reaction？
你能告诉我这个事故是何时发生的吗？受害者的反应是什么？
(4)What was uplifting was that I came my old friend at the office yesterday.
令人振奋的是，昨天在办公室，我偶然碰见了我的老朋友。
(5)When it comes to (make) friends，you cannot be too careful.
谈到交朋友，你再怎么小心也不为过。
答案：(1)come up with
(2)up
(3)about
(4) across
(5) making
经典句式
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句中so that引导目的状语从句，从句中含有情态动词could。※so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，可用in order that 替换，从句中常有may，can，could等情态动词。※so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，通常不与情态动词连用，从句前可用逗号与主句隔开。[名师提醒]　in order that也可以引导目的状语从句，so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
(1)I will leave you can concentrate on your calligraphy.
我这就走，以便让你专心练书法。
(2)He came in quietly so that he his wife up.
他轻轻地进来，为了不把他的妻子吵醒。
(3)I got up early，so that I .
我起得很早，所以赶上了第一班公共汽车。
[一句多译]
(4)他们努力工作，以便能够获得展览成功。
①They worked hard so that they might succeed .
②They worked hard .
③They worked hard .
答案：(1) so that
(2)wouldn’t wake
(3)caught the first bus.
(4)② in order that they might succeed in the exhibition.
③ in order to/so as to succeed in the exhibition.
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要使用自行车，必须插入专用的卡片。
句中to take a bicycle为不定式短语作目的状语。动词不定式作目的状语通常译为“为了……”，主要有以下三种结构形式：※(not) to do...可位于句首、句尾。位于句首时，表示强调目的。※in order (not) to do...可位于句首、句尾。这种结构形式更能突出目的性，为了表示强调，常置于句首。※so as (not) to do...只能位于句尾。这种结构形式也是为了突出状语的目的性，与第二种结构形式所不同的主要是位置的区别。
(1)They worked hard good marks in the final exams.
为了在期末考试中得到好成绩，他们很用功。
(2)They exercise every day to keep a slim figure.
为了保持一个苗条的身材他们每天运动。
master spoken English，he often talks with American friends.
为了学好口语他常常和美国朋友交谈。
(4)Lily saw many Chinese films and operas know more about China.
莉莉看了很多中国电影和歌剧以便更多地了解中国。
[一句多译]
(5)我们将召开会议来讨论这种不健康的生活方式。
①We’ll hold a meeting the unhealthy lifestyle.
②We’ll hold a meeting the unhealthy lifestyle.
③ the unhealthy lifestyle，we’ll hold a meeting.
答案： (1) to get 。
(2)They took exercise every day to keep a slim figure.
(3)In order to
(4) so as to/in order to
[一句多译]
① in order to discuss② so as to discuss ③To/In order to discuss
第二板块 语法句式
Activity 1　规律探究
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一、在英文中，有许多“名词活用作动词”的现象。或者说，这些单词本身就有动词的意思，只是我们在学习这些单词的时候通常只接触了其名词的意思。
举个最简单的例子“man”这个单词，我们都知道是“人、男人”的意思，但它也可以作动词，有“操作、配置人员、使增强勇气、拿出男子气概”等意思。
You need to man up and own up to your mistake.
你要像个男人一样承认自己的错误。
二、熟练掌握这种名词和动词之间的转换具有非常重要的意义，对于我们英语水平的提高也至关重要。它的主要作用体现在：
1．让语言更加简洁
比如说表示“我坐公共汽车去上班”这个意思，你可以说“I take a bus to work”也可以说“I bus to work”。
当bus作动词时既包含了乘坐这个动作，又包含了所乘坐的交通工具，所以可以帮助省略不必要的take，让说话写作更加简洁明了。
2．使语言更加生动
比如corner这个单词，名词意思是“角落，墙角”，动词的意思则有“转弯；垄断；使为难”等等。
With this new technology，we are going to corner the market within the next two years.
有了这项新科技，我们将在未来两年垄断市场。
当corner这个单词作“垄断”意思解释的时候非常形象，想象一下一家公司把所有竞争者都逼到了墙角，这不就是垄断吗？
还有个单词entrance，名词解释是“入口”，但当它作动词时就变成了“使着迷；欣喜若狂”。想象一下某个事物可以进入你的心灵，让你为之心动。
Her beauty entrances him.她的美丽让他痴迷。
所以如果能做到名词的动词活用，可以使英文的语句更加具有画面感。
3．使语言更加地道
比如我们要用英文表达“他著有两本畅销小说”。你当然可以说“He has written two best-selling novels.”，但这里的write让人感觉只是“写”，而没有“著”，所以会显得不够书面，不够地道。
如果用authored来取代written就可以准确地表达出句子。
英文单词中名词作动词的情形远远不止以上的例子。比如还有一组植物的名词，像花flower、杂草weed、植物plant、种子seed、根root等等都可以作动词使用，分别是“成熟、除草、种植、播种、固定”的意思。
随着人类社会的不断前进，语言也不断地向前发展，旧词少用，新词产生，语言变得越来越生动、形象、富于表现力和丰富多彩。人们常常用转化法、合成法、派生法等来创造新词。
所谓转化法，就是词类转化，或叫词性转化，即利用某些词本身固有的特点，把原属于一类词性的词转化成另一种词类，即一种词类不经过任何词态变化而有意地作另一类词使用，同时又没有失去原词内在的意思。 INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\达标检测.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\达标检测.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\达标检测.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\达标检测.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\达标检测.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\周飞燕\\2020\\同步\\看ppt\\北师大 必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING\\达标检测.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I’d like (book) three seats for tonight’s concert.
2．As we all know，we can work regularly to build up our body.
3．They watched the train until it (disappear) in the distance.
4．The doctors are busy doing what they can (save) the dying genius.
5．He (address) these envelopes and put the letters into the mail box.
6．It had never occurred him that he might be falling in love with the sculptor.
7．In order to finish the task on time，many pieces of good advice came at the meeting.
8．In the story，the stupid emperor (cheat) by two cheats.
9．The little boy saved every coin so he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day.
10．If the difficulty (overcome) we will complete the complex project on schedule.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1． to ask for help.
她没想到请别人帮忙。
2．Several of the members of their own.
有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
3．She she could earn more money.
为了挣更多的钱，她做了两份兼职工作。
4. ，I worked overtime late into the night last Friday.
为了完成我的工作，我上周五加班到深夜。
5. the letter of resignation but didn’t get approval.
经理递交了辞职信，但没有得到批准。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
to book 2． out 3． disappeared 4． to save 5．Addressed 6． to 7． up 8．was cheated9． that 10． is overcome
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It didn’t occur to her
2． have come up with suggestions
3．did two part-time jobs so/in order that
4．To/In order to finish my work
5．The manager handed in
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