新北师大必修二Unit 5 Humans and nature Lesson 2& Lesson 3精讲精练（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测加黑词汇的汉语意思
1．On 1 June,1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica. 队长
2．During the polar summer of 1910－1911，both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.极地的　基地；大本营　预备；准备
3．He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.雪橇 　 滑雪板
4．Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing...追求
5．Later，these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past，the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants. 证明　久远的；遥远的 　大洲；大陆
6．But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent.帐篷
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1　宏观架构　整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
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Ⅱ.What is the main idea of the passage
It is about a 1.race between Scott and Amundsen，a Norwegian explorer，to explore the 2.South Pole.While Scott lost the race，the 3.great courage showed by him and his team made them 4.heroes.
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole
A．More than two months.
B．Less than one month.
C．More than three months.
D．Less than two months.
2．Which was NOT the difficulties that Scott and his team came across during their journey
A．There was something wrong with their sledges.
B．Their food was running out.
C．They lost some of their team members.
D．They were blocked by many rocks.
3．What may lead to the death of Scott
A．Starvation.
B．Being too tired.
C．A terrible storm.
D．Low spirits.
4．What is the author’s attitude to Scott
A．Admirable. B．Pitiful.
C．Objective. D．Disapproving.
答案：1．答案　C
2．答案　D
3．答案　A
4．答案　A
Task 3　读后升华　思维品质
Activity 1　美句欣赏
Ⅰ.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the mood.(细读短文并找出情绪描写的句子)
答案：　(1)They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.
(2)We are very cheerful，but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
(3)Even Amundsen was moved by Scott’s death...
Ⅱ.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe a person.(细读短文并找出人物描写的句子)
答案　(1)The men were soon very tired and were running out of food.
(2)Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall.
(3)The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.
(4)We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can’t be far.
Ⅲ.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the environment.(细读短文并找出环境描写的句子)
答案　(1)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
(2)The weather conditions were terrible.
(3)But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent.
Activity 2　文本讨论
Ⅰ.Would you think that Scott and his team were losers Why or why not
答案：I you think that Scott and his team were not losers.
①They showed true determination and good characters. ②Their spirit will always inpire others.③Scott’s team had always kept their goals in mind. ④Facing difficult situations, they still showed great courage and strong will.
⑤What they have done is helpful for human exploration.
Ⅱ.How do you understand Amunden’s saying about Scott’s death，“Captain Scott left a record，for honesty，sincerity，for bravery，for everything that makes a man”？
答案：Captain Scott wrote a diary detailing his journey, each entry was truthful and honest.
He was honest about the feelings of his team and his fears. Captain Scott and his team brought back rocks for research, they did not only think about themselves but also about the greater good of humankind and the effect of the research.
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1.While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south,too.
分析：
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译文：
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自主翻译：在去往南极洲的路上，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。
2.We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death,but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.
分析：
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译文：
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自主翻译：我们知道可怜的奥兹正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人，一个英国绅士的行为。
Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole,but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
分析：
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
译文：
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自主翻译：斯科特没有赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员所表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。
4.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
分析：
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译文：
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自主翻译：然后极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
Task 4　课文语法填空
On 1 June,1910，British explorer Captain Robert Scott was on his way to Antarctica when he received a message from another explorer,1.______ (say) that he was going to Antarctica too.Then the race between the two was on.They first organised food bases 2.______ their journey.Then Amundsen was the first 3.______(leave) on 8 September,1911.He and his team arrived at the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there.On 25 January,1912，they returned safely to their starting site.
Captain Scott left on 1 November,1911，and soon had problems.First his two sledges broke 4.______and then the horses began to have serious difficulties 5.______ the snow and the cold，so they had to push the sledges themselves.Scott and his four members finally arrived at the Pole only 6.______(see) the Norwegian flag.They were shocked and disappointed and began their return journey，one of the worst in the history of 7.______(explore)．They were tired，running out of food and the weather was terrible.Even so，they found and carried 20 kilos of rocks for the later scientific research,8.______ proved that in the distant past，the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
______(fortunate)，the disaster came.All members in the team died one by one.The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his team made them 10.______(hero)．
课文语法填空答案：
1.saying 2.before 3.to leave 4.down 5. with
6.to see 7.exploration 8.which 9．Unfortunately 10. heroes(hero)．
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 2核心考点 讲练互动
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
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?attempt n．& vt.努力；尝试；企图
(1)make an attempt to do尝试做……in an attempt to do为了做……at the first attempt第一次尝试(2)attempt to do尝试做……；企图做……(3)attempted adj.未遂的
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①They made an attempt to escape but were caught by the police.
②Mike has been preparing carefully for his Chinese examination so that he can pass it at the first attempt.
③In an attempt to pass the exam，he works very hard day and night.
④He attempted to find a peaceful solution to the regional conflict.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①For years researchers have attempted to show(show) that television is harmful to children.
②I failed in my attempt to persuade him to change his mind.
③The middle-aged man was accused of attempted(attempt) murder.
④我试图说服他，但是徒劳。
I attempted to persuade him，but in vain.
⑤我考驾照第一次就通过了。
I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
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?damage n．伤害；损害 v．损害；毁坏；破坏
(1)do/cause damage to对……造成伤害/损害(2)damage one’s health损害某人健康be badly damaged严重受损
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①The powerful earthquake has done/caused great damage to the whole city.
②The crowds might damage the beauty of the palace.
③His new car was badly damaged in an accident，which made him extremely annoyed and depressed.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①Scientists are warning that people who smoke are in danger of damaging(damage) their lungs.
②The COVID-19 has caused great damage to the country’s economy.
③不要为了好身材而损害健康。
Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
?measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 n．衡量；措施
(1)measure one’s height/weight/success测量/衡量某人的身高/体重/成功(2)take measures to do...采取措施做……make...to one’s measure按某人的尺寸定做
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①Scientists haven’t measured the positive impact of laughter on children.
②Speed is a good measure of work performance in this setting.
③It’s high time that we should take effective measures to protect the endangered species.
该是我们采取有效措施保护濒危物种的时候了。
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①The little child would like to have his height measured(measure)．
②政府已经采取措施来帮助大学毕业生就业。
The government has taken measures to help college graduates to get a job.
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?operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作
(1)carry out/perform/conduct an operation on sb.给某人做手术in operation在运行中；操作中；起作用come/go into operation开始实施put...into operation使……实施/运行(2)operate v．操作；动手术；运转operate on sb.给某人做手术(3)operator n．操作人员；接线员；运行者
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①You must read the operation instructions before using this new equipment.
②The new plan is scheduled to come into operation in May this year.
③I’ m afraid that your back will be operated on，because there is no other way to stop the pain.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①When the machine is in operation，keep away from it.
②The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has come into operation(operate) since January 1,2021.
③Having seen the X-ray，the doctor decided to operate on the patient.
④现在应该实施我们的计划了。
It’s time to put our plan into operation.
Lesson 2达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I have a very strong fear that the lies we are telling are doing spiritual damage to our children.
2．I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
3．Trees help keep the air clean and they make oxygen that we can breathe(breath)．
4．The first stage of the operation(operate) was to join up the bones.
5．Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control(control) the world they lived in，through agriculture.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．These gases cause severe damage to the environment.
这些气体对环境造成严重的破坏。
2．Air pollution is becoming increasingly serious，so we must take measures to control it.
空气污染越来越严重，所以我们必须采取措施加以控制。
3．The boys attempted to go camping，but were stopped by their parents.
男孩们试图去野营，但被他们的父母拦住了。
4．I thought it was unethical for doctors to operate on their families.
我认为让医生给他们的家人动手术是不道德的。
Lesson 3 核心考点 讲练互动
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
1. prepare
【教材语境】P36 》What preparation do they need to make
【例句展示】
1. A hotel room is being prepared for them. 正在为他们准备一间旅馆客房。
2. I was not prepared for all the problems it caused. 我对这事引起的诸多麻烦毫无防备。
3. How much are you prepared to pay 你愿意出多少钱？
4. He was in the kitchen preparing lunch. 他在厨房做午饭。
5. The third book in the series is currently in preparation. 丛书的第三册现在正准备出版。
【用法总结】
prepare v. 准备；使……准备好；配制(食物、药品)
preparation n.准备；筹备　
prepared adj.做好准备的
prepare for sth. 为某事做准备
prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为……做好准备
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
in preparation (for)在准备(……)中
make preparations for为……做准备
be/get prepared for为……做好准备
be prepared to do sth. 愿意做某事
【即学即练】
1. What makes me concerned is my final exam which will be held in two weeks，so I have to make ___________(prepare) for it.
2. There was no news and we ___________(prepare) for the worst.
3. Schools should make more efforts___________(prepare) students for entering the workplace.
Keys: 1. preparations 2. were prepared 3. to prepare
2. break down
【教材语境】P36》First, his two sledges broke down and then the two horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
【例句展示】
1. The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统瘫痪了。
2. Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方谈判失败了。
3. Each lesson is broken down into several units. 每一课都分成几部分。
4. Thieves had broken in while we were away. 我们不在家时，窃贼闯进屋里了。
【用法总结】
break down分解：机器损坏，出故障；谈判失败；身体垮掉
break up(使)破裂；分解；解散
break out(战争、火灾等)爆发；突然……起来(＋doing)
break into闯入；突然……起来(＋n.)
break away from脱离；打破
break in闯入；插话，打断（不及物短语，不接宾语）
【即学即练】写出下列句子中break down的汉语意思
1. The car broke down on the way to the airport.
2. The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.
3. Your health will break down if you work too hard.
4. Plastic bags are difficult to break down.
Keys: 1. 抛锚，损坏，出故障2. (谈判)失败3. (身体)垮掉 4. 分解
3. run out of
【教材语境】P103 》You’ve told us a lot about how you conduct rescue attempts.
【例句展示】
1. We ran out of fuel. 我们把燃料用光了。
2. Time is running out for the trapped miners. 被困矿工的时间不多了。
3. Guess who I ran into today! 猜猜我今天碰见谁了！
4. The bus went out of control and ran into a line of people. 公共汽车失控，撞了一排人。
【用法总结】
run out of (人)用完；从……流出/跑出
run out用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态)
run across跑着穿过；偶然碰见
run after追捕；跟踪；追求
run away跑开；逃走
run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)
run for竞选；匆匆去取
run through浏览；跑着穿过
【即学即练】
1. If you run ___________ two hares, you will catch neither.
2. She ran ___________ class president and won the majority.
3. It is said that the world would run ___________ fresh water in 2050.
4. The toilet paper in the bathroom has run ___________.
5. My money ___________(run) out. I’d better go to the bank to draw some in case I have none in hand.
Keys: 1. after 2. for 3. out of 4. out 5. is running
4. prove
【教材语境】P37》 Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
【例句展示】
1. He has proved his courage in the battle.他已在作战中证明了他的勇气。
2. Can you prove your theory to us 你能向我们证实你的理论吗
3. They proved themselves wise and brave.他们证实自己机智、勇敢。
4. The handbook proved most useful.这本手册证明很有用。
【用法总结】
prove vt证明；证实
prove+名词/代词
prove+直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语(sb.)
prove+宾语+宾语补足语
prove+宾语从句
prove link v 证明是；结果是
prove +名词/形容词/不定式(系表结构)
【即学即练】
1. Galileo proved ___________ the earth and all other planets move around the sun.
2. The experiment proved his theory ___________(be) important to our research.
3. She may prove ___________(be) the most suitable person for the job.
4. Perhaps this book will prove ___________ some use to you in your studies.
Keys: 1. that 2. to be 3. to be 4. of
5. have difficulty (in) doing …
【教材语境】P37》 The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
【例句展示】
1. Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently. 不管何时我们学习上有困难，我们的老师总是耐心地帮助我们。
2. Many students have difficulty in delivering a speech in public, but they can overcome it through training. 很多学生觉得当众发表演讲很困难
3. If you have trouble with a lesson, repeat it the next day. 如果你对一课没有掌握，第二天要温故这一课。
4. We are going to have fun doing sports after school. 放学后我们将愉快地进行体育活动。
【用法总结】
have difficulty/trouble/fun in doing sth. 做某事有困难
have difficulty/trouble with sth. ……有困难
There is some difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 做某事有一些/困难
have a hard time (in) doing 做某事很艰难
have fun (in) doing. 做某事很愉快
【即学即练】
1. They have difficulty __________ their own language, let alone someone else's.
2. When we have difficulty _________(learn) English, she will help us one by one.
3. With John leading the way, there was no trouble __________(find) your home.
4. You can’t imagine what great difficulty she had __________(raise) the four kids.
Keys: 1. with 2. learning 3. finding 4. raising
第二板块 语法句式
Activity 1　规律探究
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
后缀(Suffixes)观察下列课文原句中的黑体词的构成并填空1. What preparations do they need to make (prepare v. +-ion→preparation n. )2. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring. (__anxious adj. +-ly__→anxiously adv. ) 3. The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.(_explore v. +-ion_ →exploration n. ) 4. We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. (_cheer n. +-ful_ →cheerful adj. )
后缀是一种重要的构词法, 通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为三个部分: 前缀(prefix), 词根(stem)及后缀(suffix)。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀, 可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里, 后缀, 又称词尾, 是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀。
Activity 2　语法精析
名词后缀 Example
-ability, -ibility表“性能, 性质” possibility 可能性 probability 可能性
-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier 表示……的人/物 fighter战士, 战斗机 radar 雷达
-hood 表身份, 状况, 性质 childhood 儿童期 manhood男子气概 brotherhood手足之情neighborhood邻里
-ion/ -ation表示情况、状态 possibility 可能性 probability 可能性
-ism表示……主义, 行为, ……学, ……派 fighter战士, 战斗机 radar 雷达
-ist表示……者, ……家 childhood 儿童期 brotherhood手足之情
-ment表行为, 状态, 性质 improvement 改良, 进步movement 运动 government 政府management 管理
-ness表状态, 性质 eagerness 渴望 carelessness 粗心
darkness 黑暗 kindness 仁慈
-ship表状态, 状况, 身份, 技艺, 技能 friendship 友谊 partnership合作伙伴
hardship 苦难 doctorship博士学位
动词后缀 Example
-en 使变成 harden使变硬 shorten使变短
形容词后缀 Example
-able可……的, 能……的 acceptable可接受的 readable可读(认)的
sensible 可觉察的 estimable值得敬重的
-al具有……性质的 colonial 殖民的 natural 自然的
personal 个人的 professional专业的
-ant, -ent表示“……的” distant 遥远的 different 不同的
-ful表示充满…… handful一把, 一撮 mouthful 一口
-ish表示“像……一般的” childish 幼稚的 bookish 书生气的
-ive有……性质的, 有……作用的 instructive有教育意义的 offensive进攻性的
protective保护的 productive生产的
-less没有……的 jobless 失业的 tireless 不倦的
fearless 无畏的 useless 无用的
-like有……性质的, 像……的 childlike 孩子般的 warlike 好战的
dreamlike梦一般的 humanlike像人类的
-ly 如……的,有……特性的 manly 男子气概的 lovely 可爱的
lively 有生气的, 精力充沛的 friendly 友好的
副词后缀 Example
-ly表示以……方式 happily高兴地 successfully成功地 -ly表示以……方式
达标检测
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1. The first stage of the ____________ (operate)was to join up the bones.
2. Similar ____________(measure) have been taken by other cities, such as Cleveland and Denver.
3. The sampling masks will be adapted using 3D printed strips and exhaled microbes(微生物) can ____________(trap)in a 30-minute period.
4. The pandemic is having “a devastating impact on the company with untold ____________(suffer)and loss”.
5. Pandemics are caused by new pathogens(致病菌) that the vast majority of humans have no immune ____________(protect)against them.
6. Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with ____________(honest), humor and enthusiasm.
7. His ____________ (ambitious) is to become a great scientist in the future.
8. While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that ____________(explore).
9. ____________(anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.
10. In the past, studying abroad was a ____________ (distance) dream for most people.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The heavy snow ___________________.
大雪给果树造成了巨大的损害。(damage)
2. He ___________________ the young lady of handbag, but in vain.
他企图抢那位年轻女士的手提包, 但没成功。(attempt)
3. It turned out that ___________________.
结果试验成功了。(that宾语从句)
4. ___________________ from under the bomber.
轰炸机底下蹿出一枚导弹。(完全倒装)
5. They tried to ___________________. But in vain.
他们想让她说话, 但没用。( have+宾语+宾语补足语)
6. They never leave areas ___________________.
他们从不离开居住地。(定语从句)
7. I ___________________ with foreigners.
我和外国人交流有些困难。(difficulty)
8. This machine seems to have ___________________ again.
这台机器好像又坏了。(break)
9. Place your hands on the small of your back and ___________________.
双手置于腰部然后吸气。(breathe)
10. You’d better go home before your money ___________________.
在钱花光之前, 你最好回家。(run)
答案：1. The first stage of the operation (operate)was to join up the bones.
2. Similar measures(measure) have been taken by other cities, such as Cleveland and Denver.
3. The sampling masks will be adapted using 3D printed strips and exhaled microbes(微生物) can be trapped(trap)in a 30-minute period.
4. The pandemic is having “a devastating impact on the company with untold suffering(suffer)and loss”.
5. Pandemics are caused by new pathogens(致病菌) that the vast majority of humans have no immune protection(protect)against them.
6. Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with honesty(honest), humor and enthusiasm.
7. His ambition (ambitious) is to become a great scientist in the future.
8. While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration(explore).
9. Anxiously(anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.
10. In the past, studying abroad was a distant (distance) dream for most people.
Ⅱ. 1. The heavy snow did great damage to the fruit trees.
2. He made an attempt to rob the young lady of handbag, but in vain.
3. It turned out that the experiment was a success.
4. Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
5. They tried to have her talk. But in vain.
6. They never leave areas where they live.
7. I have some difficulty communicating with foreigners.
8. This machine seems to have broken down again.
9. Place your hands on the small of your back and breathe in.
10. You’d better go home before your money runs out.
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