新北师大必修三Unit 7 Art Lesson 1 Masterpieces精讲精练（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【北师大版必修三】Unit 7 Art
类文赏读　话题导入
Han Gan and His Horses
What a magnificent horse! Even after more than a thousand years have passed, we can still feel the power within its burning eyes, bared teeth and kicking hooves. Night-Shining White, now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, is regarded as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. Its artist, Han Gan, is known for his skill in capturing not only the physical features of the animal, but also its inner spirit and strength.
Born into a poor family in the early Tang Dynasty, the young Han Gan had to help support his family by working in a local wine shop. His artistic talent was discovered by accident when he was sent to the poet Wang Wei’s house to collect payment for some wine. While waiting at the gate, Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt and was seen by the poet himself. Wang Wei decided to sponsor the young man to study painting and recommended him to a master. Due to Han Gan’s natural talent and years of hard work, he was eventually chosen to serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace.
The Tang emperors were very fond of horses. This meant that the animal was a frequent subject for artists. At that time, the most common way to study horse painting was by copying the works of previous painters. Han Gan’s method, however, was different—he observed the animal itself. He was a frequent visitor to the royal stables and even moved in to live with the stable workers for quite some time. The horses, whether resting or on the move, offered him plenty of inspiration. The more time he spent observing these animals, the more his understanding of them grew. Day after day, Han Gan painted the horses, his brush presenting every detail that he saw with his own eyes.
It is said that when the Emperor asked Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher, the artist replied, “I have my own teachers, Your Majesty. All the horses in your stables are my very teachers.”
Those who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill, saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”. Even Su Shi, the famous poet of the Song Dynasty, expressed his admiration for Han Gan as a master of horse painting with the words, “The horses painted by Han Gan are real horses.”
(选自新外研必修Book3Unit 4 Amazing art)
1.magnificent adj. 壮丽的；宏伟的；值得赞扬的
2.significant adj.adj. 重要的；显著的；意味深长的
3.artistic talent 艺术才能
4.by accident 偶然地；意外地
5.sponsor vt. 赞助
6.recommend v. 推荐；介绍；劝告，建议；使受欢迎
7.inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心/启发灵感的人或事；好主意
8.painting n. 绘画；油画；
9.sing high praises 高度赞扬
10.admiration n. 钦佩，赞赏
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1．Its artist, Han Gan, is known for his skill in capturing not only the physical features of the animal, but also its inner spirit and strength.
它的创作者韩干，他不仅以捕捉动物的身体特征，而且以捕捉动物的内在精神和力量而闻名。
[句式分析]　not only...but also...用于连接两个并列的结构，意思是“不仅...而且...”
2．It is said that when the Emperor asked Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher, the artist replied, “I have my own teachers, Your Majesty.
据说，当皇帝请韩干请一个画马大师当老师时，他回答说：“陛下，我有自己的老师。”
[句式分析]　It is said that...为非人称转述结构，意思是“据说...”。
Section Ⅰ　：　Topic Talk&Lesson 1 INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
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汤姆和李华是初中同学，两人见面后对京剧进行了讨论。请根据提示完成对话。
Bob: So, Lucy, how was it 1.Did you enjoy your first Beijing Opera(你喜欢你的第一部北京歌剧吗)
Lucy: Yes, I certainly did! 2.It was an excellent show.(这是一场很棒的演出)... . so colourful and exciting!
Bob: Great! 3.I'm so glad you enjoyed it(我很高兴你喜欢它). I was worried because Beijing Opera is so different from theatre shows in the US.
Lucy: It was very different, but good way! I loved the dancing and the acrobatics.
B: Me, too. 4.The performers were so talented. (表演者们都很有才华)
L: But there were quite a few things I didn't understand.
B: Sure. Maybe I can help.
L: Well, you know the part where the main character walks across the stage with a flag on each side of her 5. I had no idea what she was doing(我不知道她在做什么).
B: Oh, that means she's riding in a carriage. Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions, like riding a horse or rowing a boat .
L: I see! It seems like so many aspects of Beijing Opera come from ancient traditions 6.I wish I knew more about them.(我希望我能更多地了解他们) .
B: Don't worry! If you're interested, we can go and watch more Beijing Opera together. Maybe one day you'll be an expert!
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英语听力测试不只是考查学生的英语听力，同时还会考查学生的临场应变能力、猜测能力、记忆能力等。平时还要多积累一些常见的话题词汇和话题句式。本单元的话题是艺术。
常见话题词汇：
1.work of art 艺术作品
2.masterpiece 杰作
3.plastic arts 造型艺术
4.graphic arts 形象艺术
5.Fine Arts 美术
6.art gallery 画廊，美术馆
7.salon 沙龙
8.exhibition 展览
9.collection 收藏
10.masterpiece 杰作
11.author 作者
12.style 风格
13.inspiration 灵感，启发
14.muse 灵感
15.purism 修辞癖
16.conceptism 格言派，警名派
17.Byzantine 拜占庭式
18.Romanesaue 罗马式
19.Gothic 哥特式
20.Baroque 巴洛克式
21.Rococo 洛可可式
22.classicism 古典主义，古典风格
23.neoclassicism 新古典主义
24.romanticism 浪漫主义
25.realism 现实主义
26.symbolism 象征主义
27.impressionism 印象主义
28.Art Nouveau 新艺术主义
29.expressionism 表现主义
30.Fauvism 野兽派
31.abstract art 抽象派，抽象主义
32.Dadaism 达达主义
33.surrealism 超现实主义
34.naturalism 自然主义
35.existentialism 存在主义
36.futurism 未来主义
常见话题句式：
1.The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls.
艺术的使命是在与洗们灵魂中日累的灰尘
2.Art is not what you see, but what you make others see. ---Edgar Degas
艺术不是你所看到的，而是你让别人所看到的。
3.The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls. ---Pablo Picasso
艺术的目的是为了洗去我们灵魂中日常生活中的灰尘。
4.The best artists know what to leave out. ---Charles de Lint
最好的艺术家都知道该遗漏什么。
5.All artists must be half-poet, half-craftsman. ---Zhu Guangqian
所有的艺术家都必须是半诗人，半工匠。
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Ⅰ.Read the Text Builder carefully.Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the words or expressions you hear.(教材page 6)
Ⅱ.Two person are talking about their favourite art forms.Listen to the dialogue again and then choose the best answer.
1．What is Xiao Wu’s favourite thing
A．Dance and Band performance
B．Beijing Opera
C. Classical music
2．How often does the Xiao Wu go to concert
A．Daily
B．Weekly
C．Monthly
1. 答案　C 2. 答案　C
Ⅲ .Listen to the dialogue on P7 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear(精听精练).
(W= Woman X= Xiao Wu)
W: Hey, Xiao Wu, you like art, don't you
X: Yes. I do
W: What types of art are you into
X: Well, I'm a fan of most types. I really (1)enjoy dance and band performances and I often (2)watch Beijing Opera. I also paint in my spare time, but my favourite thing is (3)classical music
W: That's interesting! Do you often (4)go to concerts
X: Yes. I try to go monthly
W: What do you enjoy most about them
X: The musicians are just amazing. They are all very (5)talented and professional .And the best part is the atmosphere at the concert hall and the perfect combination of all the different types of instruments. For a few hours, you can just relax and enjoy the uplifting performances
W: It sounds great! I really like (6)classical music too, but I've never been to a concert We could go together next time
X: Yeah sure! Great idea INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时或前面课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\方1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\方1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\周飞燕\\2020\\同步\\看ppt\\北师大 必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 7 ART\\方1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET I really enjoy dance and band performances.我真的很喜欢舞蹈和乐队的表演。(教材Page104)
?performance n．表演；演出；表现
※live performance现场演出give a performance表演put on a performance上演※perform vt.做，履行；演出，表演perform an experiment做实验perform badly/well表现不好/好※performer n．表演者；演出者
[完成句子]
(1)The band gave the greatest
这个乐队做了最精彩的表演。
(2)As you can see，the machine is very poorly.
正如你所看到的，机器运转非常不正常。
(3)His (perform) at calligraphy has greatly improved.
他在书法上的表现进步很大。
(4)What caused his parents to be worried was that the boy was a poor (perform) at school.让他的父母感到担心的是这个男孩在学校表现不好。
答案：(1) performance .(2) performing (3)performance (4)performer
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talented adj.有才能的；有天资的
※be talented at/in在……方面有才能※talent n．才能；天赋have a talent for...有……的天赋a talent show才艺展示a man of many talents多才多艺的人
[完成句子]
(1)It is said that his son was a piano performer.
据说他儿子是一位天才钢琴表演者。
(2)She showed a talent acting at an early age.
她在小时候就表现出了表演天赋。
(3)It is said that his father is a man of many (talent)．
据说，他父亲是个多才多艺的人。
[一句多译]
(4)导游告诉我们说，那个孩子有戏剧天赋。
①The guide told us that the child drama.(talented)
②The guide told us that the child drama.(talent)
答案： (1) talented (2) for (3) talents (4)① was talented in/at② had a talent for
I like going to rock concerts, because they are really energetic and exciting.我喜欢去听摇滚音乐会，因为它们真的很有活力，很令人激动。（教材P6）
energetic adj.充满活力的
energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的;积极的energetically adv.精力充沛地,干劲十足地 energy n.精力,能量full of energy 精力充沛地
The heart reacts well to energetic exercise.心脏对剧烈运动反应良好。
He had worked energetically all day on his new book. 他整天都在努力写他的新书。
He is saving his energy for next week's race in Wuhan. 他正在为下周在武汉举行的比赛节省精力。
单句语法填空
(1) Tom was full of_______and he did everything well__________.(energetic)
(2) Enough exercise outdoors can make us__________(energy),so we'd better take some exercise after class.
(3) You have drive and_________(energetic) for those things you are interested in.
答案：(1).energy;energetically (2).energetic (3).energy
达标检测
提示：题干中加底纹的词汇是本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Walking has a good 　　　　　(effect) on our health.
2.He was lucky to get out of the 　　　　　(burn) car successfully.
3.His boss told him to be present at the 　　　　　(month) meeting.
4.It’s going to be a tough competition but I’m 　　　　　(mental) prepared for it.
5.He also painted the massive circles of white and yellow 　　　　　　　 (race) across the sky.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.产品处于设计阶段。
The product is at 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 .
2.这些变化将会如何影响我们
How will these changes 　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.他还服用了一种药,这种药对他的疾病有帮助。
He also 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.It was useful for his disease.
4.这些叶子的顶部有黄点。
The leaves have 　　　　　　　　　　on the top.
5.看到那条蛇,那个女孩发出尖叫声。
The girl 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at the sight of the snake.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
.1.effect　2.burning　3.monthly　4.mentally　5.racing
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.the design stage　2.affect us　3.took a drug 4.yellow spots　5.let out a scream
Lesson 1
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测黑体词汇的汉语意思。
1．(教材P9)What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear...
adj. 显著的；引人注目的 人物形象 n. 表达；表情
2．(教材P9)...the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
adv. 充分地 发出
(教材P9)Between 1953 and 1954，he painted the same scene 27 times.
场景
4．(教材P9)His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
n. 看法，态度 v. 使震惊；震撼 挑战
5．(教材P9) The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.
产生 反应
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1　宏观架构　整体理解
1.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
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What’s the main idea of the text
The main idea of the text is that The Starry Night，The Scream and The Empire of Light are all very famous .
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
Choose the best answer.
1．There are no in the painting The Starry Night.
A．circles B．clouds C．horses D．a village and a tree
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．The Starry Night is now very famous in the world.
B．Munch heard the scream of nature while painting a picture.
C．All the people have the same opinion about The Empire of Light.
D．In the painting The Scream，the thin figure is a man.
3．In Magritte’s opinion，art should shock the viewers and .
A．relax them B．make them love nature C．challenge their sense of reality D．question them about life
4．Which word can describe the three paintings best
A．Active. B．Mysterious. C．Relaxing. D．Calm.
5．We can infer from the passage that .
A．Munch’ s physical health problems caused him a lot of pain
B．an artist who has mental problems often creates a famous painting
C．sometimes a painting became famous after its author had died
D．some experts think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of light
1．答案　C
2．答案　A
3．答案　C
4．答案　B
5．答案　C
Task 3　读后升华　思维品质
Activity 1 美句欣赏
Read the passage carefully and find out the sentences to describe the paintings.(细读短文并找出描写绘画作品的句子)
Suggested answers:
The Starry Night: However, he didn’t just paint the clouds. He also painted the massive circles of white and yellow racing across the sky. The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky. Beneath this sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark,lonely tree.
The Scream: What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear-the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer. This figure is set on a bridge above a dark,stormy sea, and against burning orange-red sky.
The Empire of Light:It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside,surrounded by the darkness of night.What is strange is that above the house and the tree,we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.It seems like quite a mysterious scene.
Activity 2 文本讨论
1．Look at the three paintings and read the first paragragh of eachdescription，do they have anything in common
2．Suppose you are a volunteer at an art exhibition and introduce one of the three paintings to the visitors.
Suggested answers:
1.The words and phrases in the descriptions:the massive circles of white and yellow racing across the sky; a burning orange-red sky; a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds; a dark, lonely tree; a dark, stormy sea; the darkness of night.
Each painting is focused on the artist's interpretation of nature, especially the aspects of the sky. All three paintings paint the sky with bright colours and the darkness in each one manifests a typical feature.
2.The answer is open.
Activity 3 长句突破 能力提升
1．His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.
[句式分析]　本句为复合句。主句是 ；that引导宾语从句；may have done sth.是对 的推测，意为“过去或许做了某事”。
[自主翻译]　 。
2．What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.
[句式分析]　本句为复合句。What makes it striking是what引导的 从句；that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear是that引导的 从句；the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream在破折号后面，进一步解释说明前面的内容。
[自主翻译]　 。
3．In his diary，Munch talked about what inspired him.“I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set；suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood there shaking...”
[句式分析]　本句是复合句。In his diary，Munch talked about是 ；what inspired him是what引导的 ；I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set；suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood there shaking...是直接引语； 句型 意为“正在做……，这时……”；shaking是现在分词作 。
[自主翻译]　
4．What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
[句式分析]　本句是复合句。What is strange是what引导的 从句；that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds是that引导的 从句。
[自主翻译]　
答案：1．His unusual use of colour has led experts to think 过去 凡·高对色彩的应用很不寻常，专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉感受。
2．主语 表语　 这幅画富有冲击力，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。
3．主句 宾语从句 was/were doing...when... 伴随状语。　蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源，“太阳落山时，我正和两个朋友一起顺着路走，天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖着……”
4．主语 表语　奇怪的是，在房子和树木之上，我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。
达标检测
课文语法填空
Let’s appreciate three famous paintings—The Starry Night，The Scream and The Empire of Light.The Starry Night was painted 1. Van Gogh while he was staying at a home for the 2. (mental) ill at the time.The Starry Night is now one of the world’s most famous 3. (painting)．The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch,4. shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure ’s mouth is letting out a 5. (power)
scream.In his diary，Munch talked about 6. inspired him.He and his two friends 7. (walk) down the road when something inspired him.Many experts say that The Scream 8. (connect) to Munch’s mental health problems.The Empire of Light was painted by Magritte，who painted the same scene twenty-seven times between 1953 and 1954.This painting shows 9. mysterious scene.Magritte’s view is that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers.However，Magritte thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was 10. (surprise)．
课文语法填空参考答案
1.by 2.mentally 3.paintings 4.which 5.powerful 6.what 7.were walking 8.is connected 9.a 10.surprising
第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 1 核心考点 讲练互动
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时或前面课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
a thin figure一个很瘦的人
? figure n．人像，人形；数字 v．认为；计算
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中figure的汉语意思
(1)What was uplifting was that by 1998，this figure had risen to 14 million.
(2)With his efforts，he is a leading figure in the jazz history.
(3)No matter what she eats，the girl always has a good figure.
(4)Considering all aspects，we figured the best thing to do was to wait.
(5)At the important meeting，we figured the attendance at 150,000.
(6)Though we have worked together for ten years，I have never been able to figure her .
尽管我们已经在一起工作了十年，我一直没能看透她。
(7)He wanted to figure if she was talented in music.
他想弄明白她是否有音乐天赋。
(8)Have you figured how much the trip will cost
旅行要花多少钱你算出来了没有？
答案： (1).数字(2).人物(3).身材(4)认为(5)计算(6) out.(7) out (8) out
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?affect vt.影响；使感动；使感染(疾病)
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中affect的汉语意思
(1)Language differences don’t affect understanding but will affect the atmosphere.
(2)After the girl saw the film，she was deeply affected by this story.
(3)Diseases affect almost everyone physically and mentally sometimes during their lives.
※be greatly/deeply affected/touched by...很/深受感动※be affected with/by...被某种疾病侵袭※effect n．影响
have an effect on...对……产生影响
(4)What the viewer had said had a bad effect the two little girls.观看者说的话对这两个小女孩产生了不好的影响。
(5)As the girl was affected by a mysterious disease，she looked like an old woman.
→ mysterious disease，the girl looked like an old woman.(用非谓语动词改写)
答案：(1)影响(2)打动(3)使感染(4 on (5)→Affected by a
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?spot n．(圆)点；斑点；污渍；地点；处所 vt.发现，认出；点缀
※on the spot当场；立即；在现场put sb.on the spot使某人难堪※spot sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事be spotted with...满是……的斑点
(1)The most beautiful on the Yangtze River is the Three Gorges.
长江最美丽的地方是三峡。
(2)The bullet struck his head and he was killed the spot.
子弹击中了他的头部，他当场死亡。
(3)When he walked past，he spotted the man (steal) a car.
他路过时，发现这个人在偷汽车。
(4)The interviewer’s questions really that day.
那天采访者的问题确实使他尴尬。
[高级表达]
(5)When he entered the room，he saw a coat which was spotted with oil.
→When he entered the room，he saw a coat .(用非谓语动词改写)
答案：(1) spot (2) on (3) stealing(4)put him on the spot(5) spotted with oil.
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?failure n．失败的事；失败
※end in failure以失败告终heart failure心脏衰竭※fail vi.失败fail to do sth.没能做成某事
(1) What upset him was that it was his poor sight that led to his final .
使他沮丧的是正是他很差的视力导致了他最后的失败。
(2) The cause of the crash was given as engine (fail)．
撞车事故的原因被认定是发动机故障。
(3)Regrettably，I failed (persuade) her to give a performance at the stage.
遗憾的是，我没能说服她上台表演。
答案：(1) failure. (2) failure (3) to persuade
INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\方7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\方7.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.这幅画富有冲击力，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。
?striking adj.惊人的；显著的
※strike v．(struck，struck)撞击；击打；攻击；侵袭；突然想到；罢工；敲※be struck by/on/with...被……打动
(1)What is immediately is how talented the children are in music.
最令人注目的是这些孩子在音乐上是多么有天赋啊。
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思
(2)The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.
(3)She was so angry that she let out a scream and struck him in the face.
(4)Seeing another dog coming，the dog was lying there ready to strike.
(5)At the beginning of spring，the area was struck by a strange disease.
(6)It struck me that I had left my book in the library.
(7)The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%.
(8)→ ，she burst into tears.(用非谓语动词改写)
?let out a scream发出尖叫声
let out发出 声音 ；放走；放出；泄露； 把衬衣、外套等 放大，放长，加宽let alone更不用说let down使失望let go of放开，释放
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中let out的汉语意思
(9)The girl let out a cry when she caught sight of the tiger.
(10)What annoys me is that I really don’t know who let out the secret.
(11)Why do you shut the dog in the cage Why not let it out？
(12)I’ll have to let this dress out a bit before the wedding next week.
(13)Only 3 months old，the baby can’t even sit up yet， walk!
只有3个月大，这个宝宝连坐起来都不会，更不用说走了！
(14)Do you know it was your rude words，not mine，that
你知道吗？是你说的粗鲁的话而不是我的让他感到沮丧。
(15)Don’t or we’ll get separated.不要放开我的手，否则我们会走散的。
答案：(1) striking (2)撞击(3)击打(4)攻击(5)侵袭(6)突然想到(7)罢工(8)→Struck by the boy’s performance
(9)发出(声音)(10)泄露(11)放出(12)加宽(13)let alone (14) let him down (15)let go of my hand
INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\方8.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方8.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方8.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方8.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方8.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方8.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\word\\方8.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2020\\同步\\英语\\北师大 必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\方8.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch’s mental health problems，which caused him a lot of pain.许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
?cause vt.导致，引起；使发生 n．原因，事业
※the cause of ……的原因cause and effect因果关系※cause sb.sth.＝cause sth.for/to sb.给某人引来某事cause sb.to do sth.使某人做某事
the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.
导致这次事故发生的原因是他开车太快。
(2)What her mind
是什么使她改变了主意？
(3)The child caused his parents a lot of trouble./The child caused .
这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多麻烦。
[易错点拨]
cause后可接不定式作宾补，但不接形容词作宾补。
答案：(1)The cause of
(2) caused her to change
(3)a lot of trouble for/to his parents.
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?reaction n．反应
※reaction to...对……的反应※react v．作出反应；回应react to对……作出反应；回应……react with...与……进行反应react against反抗
(1)I don’t know what he made to my performance.
我不知道他对我的表演有什么反应。
(2)We stayed outside for an hour because we could watch the viewers .
我们在外面待了一个小时，因为我们可以观察观看者的反应。
(3)We do an experiment，which shows us how iron reacts air.
我们做了一个实验，它向我们展示了铁如何与空气发生反应。
(4)What troubles the parents is that their child often reacts them.
让这对父母感到苦恼的是他们的孩子经常反抗他们。
(5)你认为他会对这个坏消息作何反应？
①How do you think ？(react)
②What do you think ？(reaction)
答案：(1) reaction (2)react.(3) with (4) against
(5)① he will react to the bad news？② his reaction to the bad news will be？
经典句式
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艺术不是你看到什么，而是你让别人看到什么。
※本句中含有not...but...结构，意为：不是……而是……※not...but...连接两个主语时，谓语的数要遵循“就近原则”。※not only...but also...不但……而且……，连接两个主语时，谓语的数也要遵循“就近原则”。
(1)This comedy is for adults， for children.
这部喜剧不适合成年人，而适合孩子。
(2)Not the passengers but the driver (be) to be responsible for the accident.
不是乘客而是司机要为这起事故负责任。
(3)Not only the girl but also her parents (be) fond of Beijing Opera.
女孩和父母都喜欢京剧。
答案：(1) not but (2) is (3) are
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太阳落山时，我正和两个朋友一起顺着路走……
※本句中含有be doing...when...句型，意为：正在做……，这时……※when表示“这时”之意，还用于以下三种句型：(1)be about to do...when...正要做……，这时……(2)be on the point of doing...when...正要做……，这时……(3)had just done...when...刚做完……这时……
(1)They at the stage the power was off.
他们正在舞台上表演，这时停电了。
(2)The woman was about to go out the telephone rang.
这个女人刚要出去，这时电话响了。
(3)The man was on the point of (leave) when someone rushed in.
这个人正打算离开，这时有人冲了进来。
(4)She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to play the piano.
她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹钢琴。
(5)→The boy was walking in the street .
答案： (1) were performing when(2) when (3) leaving(4)when(5)when he was attracted by a bird.
达标检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The girl drew a picture of the striking (景色) in five minutes.
2．Suddenly a frightening (尖叫声) came from the old house.
3．His mother likes (古典的) music while his father likes pop.
4．The (观看者) was so excited that he suddenly stood up to clap.
5．His (反应) to the incident was totally beyond my expectation.
6．He became very famous as an inventor of surprising (视觉的) effects.
答案：1． scene2． scream3．classical4．viewer5． reaction6．visual
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Art is what you make others see.
艺术不是你看到什么，而是你让别人看到什么。
2．I the sun set...
太阳落山时，我正和两个朋友一起顺着路走……
3． It shows a beautiful house ， .
画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里充满了灯光，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。
4．His view was and challenge their sense of reality.
他认为艺术应该震撼观众并挑战他们对现实的观感。
答案：1． not what you see，but
2． was walking down the road with two friends when
3． lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night.
4．that art should shock the viewers
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Activity 1 规律探究
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window...2．His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight.3．However，the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world’s most famous paintings.4．What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear.5．In his diary，Munch talked about what inspired him.6．Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch’s mental health problems...7．What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.8．His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.9．Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling.10．As for Magritte himself，he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising.
名词性从句包括主语从句(如句 ，句 )、宾语从句(如句 )、表语从句(如句 )和同位语从句。
that引导名词性从句时 成分，只起连接作用，如句2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10；what引导名词性从句，要在句中作 ，如句1,4,5,7。
Activity 2 语法精析
名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句 主语从句 (Subject Clause)
表语从句 (Predicative Clause)
宾语从句 (Object Clause)
同位语从句 (Appositive Clause)
一、主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，whose，which，whatever，whoever等以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无实义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当句子成分。
1．连词that引导的主语从句
that在从句中无意义，不作成分。
That the haze is harming us is quite obvious.
雾霾正在危害我们，这是很明显的。
That they were in truth sisters was clear，for they were so alike.
很明显，她们确实是亲姐妹，因为她们很相像。
2．连词whether/if引导的主语从句
whether/if在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
Whether they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
他们是否要开会还没有定下来。
It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
3．连接代词who，whose，which，what，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however引导的主语从句
连接代词或连接副词在从句中有意义，作成分。
What she did is not yet known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Whoever comes will be welcome.
无论谁来都将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right.
无论他做什么都是对的。
4．it作形式主语，主语从句后移
有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面。
主语从句与形式主语it
基本句型结构 常用词语
It is＋名词＋that从句 常用的名词有a fact，a shame，a pity，no wonder等。
It is＋形容词＋that从句 常用的形容词有necessary，strange，important，possible等。形容词为important，necessary等时，主语从句的谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is＋过去分词＋that从句 常用的过去分词有said，reported，decided，believed，suggested，ordered等。过去分词为suggested，ordered等表“建议，命令”等的词时，主语从句的谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that从句 常用的不及物动词(短语)有seem，happen，turn out等。
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.
他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况。
[特别提醒]
1．whether与if
(1)whether引导的主语从句置于句首时，不可用if来替换。
(2)if引导主语从句时，要用it作形式主语，将if引导的主语从句后置，此时whether与if可互换。
Whether she will go home or not is unknown.
她是否回家还不得而知。
Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
＝It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.
我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍未决定。
2．主语从句的主谓一致
(1)主语从句通常被看作一个整体，主句的谓语动词用单数形式。
That they will come is certain.
他们要来是可以确定的。
(2)what 引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定。
What he wants is some water.
他所想要的是水。
What he wants are these books.
他所想要的是这些书。
二、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
结构为：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语从句或介词(prep.)＋宾语从句。
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的。
Give a reading list to whoever comes.
给所有来的人一份阅读书目。
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我打扰你了这么长时间。
注意：最后一个例句中，主系表结构后面的that 从句看作宾语从句。宾语从句特别注意的问题：引导词、语序和时态。
引导宾语从句的词有连词that(无意义，不作成分)；if/whether(是否)；连接代词who，whose，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。如果主句时态是过去时，从句通常用过去时态与主句一致；语序为陈述句语序。
1．连词that引导的宾语从句
that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中可以省略。
He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
[特别提醒]
(1)在以下情况中that不能省略：
①动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。
We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.
我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进一个非常好的大学。
②当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省略。
Just then I noticed，for the first time，that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
那时我第一次注意到我们的老师穿着他的好看的绿色大衣并戴着黑色丝帽。
③当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省略。
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
我不能告诉他他的母亲去世了。
(2)动词＋it＋形容词或固定搭配＋(that)从句。
We think it important (that) every citizen should have good manners.
我们认为每个公民有礼貌是很重要的。
(3)在demand，request，command，order，suggest，insist，desire等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should＋)动词原形”。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
(4)动词doubt的否定结构和疑问结构中用that；肯定结构用whether/if。
I don’t doubt that he’ll be against the idea.
我毫不怀疑他会反对这一想法。
I doubt whether/if he will come on time.
我怀疑他是否能按时来。
2．wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句
由who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，whoever，whatever，whichever等连接词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句。连接词在宾语从句中担当一定的成分，语序用陈述句语序。
In one’s own home one can do what one likes.
一个人在自己家里可以随心所欲。
3．whether/if 引导的宾语从句
由whether/if引导的宾语从句，实际上是由一般疑问句演变而来的，意为“是否”；宾语从句要用陈述语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.
我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的晚会。
[特别提醒]
只能用whether，不能用if的情况：
(1)在带to的不定式前
We didn’t decide whether to walk there.
我们还没决定是否走着去那里。
(2)在介词的后面
I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
我正在考虑我们是否去看电影。
(3)直接与or not连用时
I can’t say whether or not they can come on time.
我也不敢说他们是否能够按时过来。
4．宾语从句的一些注意事项
(1)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但but，except，besides等后可接that引导的宾语从句。
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
除了下雨天外，他每天都去图书馆。
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he is a teacher.
我只知道我的新邻居是一位老师。
(2)动词find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语that从句后置。
I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.
我已表明我不会接受这份工作的。
(3)有些动词(短语)，如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，take，hide，see to，insist on，depend on，rely on等接宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。
I hate it when people ask me for money.
我不喜欢别人向我借钱。
Please see to it that the door is locked.
请务必锁上门。
(4)宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即：连接代词/副词＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分。
I don’t know what they are looking for.
我不知道他们正在找什么。
(5)宾语从句的时态
①主句是一般现在时态或一般将来时态，从句根据实际情况使用任何适当的时态。
The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
校长希望一切顺利。
②主句是过去时态，从句需用过去时态的某种形式。
She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
她非常抱歉没能按时完成工作。
③当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时态，从句也用一般现在时态。
The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
老师告诉学生光的传播速度比声的传播速度快。
(6)宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy，guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时态时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来，其反意疑问句的主语一般与宾语从句的主语一致。
I don’t think he will come to my party.
我认为他不会来参加我的聚会。
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim，is he
我认为那个人不是吉姆杀的，是不是？
三、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。引导表语从句的that不可省略。另外，常用的还有The reason is that...和It is because...等结构。
1．引导词
引导表语从句的词有连词that(无意义，不作成分)，whether(是否)，as if/though(好像)，because(因为)；连接代词who，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。
2．用法
(1)可接表语从句的连系动词有be，remain，look，sound，seem，appear等。
China is no longer what she used to be.
今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
(2)由that引导的表语从句
在表语从句中that不能省略，不作从句的成分，没有意义。
He didn’t attend the party.The reason was that he was ill.
他没有参加聚会，原因是他生病了。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
问题是我把他的地址弄丢了。
(3)由why与because引导的表语从句
I was angry.That was because he didn’t come.
我生气了，那是因为他没来。(强调原因)
He didn’t come.That was why I was angry.
他没来，那就是我为什么生气了。(强调结果)
[特别提醒]
1．表语从句用陈述语序
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。
The boy still remains where he was two hours ago.
男孩依然在他两小时前待的地方。
2．引导表语从句时，用whether，不用if
The question is whether he can help us.
问题是他是否能够帮我们。
3．as if/though与because
这两个连词在主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句中不可使用。但是可以用在连系动词后引导表语从句。
It seemed as if Jack didn’t know the news.
好像杰克不知道这个消息。
That’s because he didn’t understand me.
那是因为他不理解我。
四、同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。
1．同位语从句的连接词
引导同位语从句的有连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who等和连接副词when，where，why，how等。其中that，whether不作成分，that无实际意义，whether意为“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
他还没有作出决定是否去那里。
I have no idea where he lives.
我不知道他住在哪里。
2．同位语从句的注意事项
(1)分隔式同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.(从句被谓语goes分开)
有句谚语说：熟能生巧。
(2)名词suggestion，order，demand，command，request等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should)＋动词原形”。
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。
(3)名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导；no doubt(毫无疑问)后的同位语从句用that引导。
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们能否按时完成任务。
There is no doubt that he will come.
毫无疑问，他会来的。
3．同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句 定语从句
功能 解释说明名词表示的具体内容。 说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。
that 不作成分，只起连接作用。不可省略。 作主语、宾语或表语，起连接作用，并且作从句的宾语时可省略。
whetherhow/what 起连接作用，其中whether(是否)不作成分，而how和what作成分。 不引导定语从句。
whowhenwherewhy 作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与其修饰的名词无关。 作成分；起连接作用；与先行词有一定的关系，如when的先行词为时间名词。
注意：判定同位语从句的简易方法：
我们可以在名词和从句之间加be动词，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑、句子通顺，则是同位语从句。
The news that she told me is that Tom will go abroad next year.
(that she told me是定语从句)她告诉我汤姆明年将出国的消息。(不可以说The news was that she told me...)
The news that Tom would go abroad was told by her.(that Tom would go abroad是同位语从句)
汤姆将出国的消息是她说的。
(可以说The news was that Tom would go abroad.)
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.His level of photography has been equal to that of (profession) photographers.
2. (mental)，I began making a list of things I had to do.
3.Don’t get close to that (burn) house，for you may hurt yourself.
4.Standing on the (mass) grassland，I feel relaxed and comfortable.
5.As for students like us，we should have a good attitude towards (fail)．
答案：1. professional2.Mentally3.burning4. massive5.failure
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It doesn’t matter .
你是否支持我们并不重要。
2．I wonder .
我想知道这次怎样才能找到方法帮她走出困境。
3. was that her son failed the exam again.
让她生气的是，她儿子考试又不及格。
4．She couldn’t accept the fact .
她无法接受这个事实：她的儿子沉迷于电脑游戏。
5．The problem is .
问题是，这个男孩不想和任何人聊天。
答案：1． whether you will support us or not.
2．how I can find a way to help her out this time.
3．What made her angry
4．that her son was addicted to computer games.
5． that the boy doesn’t want to chat with anyone.
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