新北师大选择性必修三Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone精讲精练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 新北师大选择性必修三Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone精讲精练（含答案） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-10 12:53:34 | ||
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【北师大版】Unit 9 Human Biology
类文赏读 话题导入
Cloning：Where Is It Leading Us
Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.It also happens in animals when twins identical1 in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.
Cloning has two major uses.Firstly，gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial2 quantities of plants.Secondly，it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning plants is straightforward3 while cloning animals is very complicated4.It is a difficult task to undertake5.Many attempts to clone mammals failed.But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough6—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure7 works like this：
...
On the one hand，the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone，Dolly the sheep.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years，half the length of the life of the original sheep.Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species，such as cloned mice.The questions that concerned all scientists were：“Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals？Would it happen forever？Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure？”
On the other hand，Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media8 and public imagination.It became controversial.It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.
1．identical/a 'dent kl/ adj.同一的；一模一样的
2．commercial/k 'm l/ adj.商业的；贸易的
3．straightforward/ stre t'f w d/ adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的
4．complicated/'k mpl ke t d/ adj.复杂的；难懂的
5．undertake/ nd 'te k/ v．(undertook；undertaken)着手；从事，承担
6．breakthrough/'bre kθru / n．突破
7．procedure/pr 'si d / n．程序；步骤；手续
8．the media大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)
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1．The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.
实际上，这两个都是自然克隆现象的例子。
[句式分析] 句中that引导表语从句。
2．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
接着传来了多莉病重这个令人不安的消息。
[句式分析] then放句首作状语，谓语动词是came，句子完全倒装；that引导同位语从句。
Section Ⅰ Topic Talk
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Tom和他的同学Martin正在谈论人的身体和大脑能做的事情。请根据提示完成对话。
Tom：I’ve just been watching athletics on television.I’m amazed at 1.the speed and strength of the athletes(运动员的速度和力量)．
Martin：It’s incredible，isn’t it？The human body is 2.capable of doing many things(有能力做很多事情)，such as jumping high，running very fast.
Tom：That’s true.I love watching gymnastics competitions.
Martin：The human mind is amazing，too—the human mind is capable of 3.making decisions(做决定)，memorising facts，reasoning and doing so many other things.
Tom：That’s right.We use our minds to create and innovate as well.I really admire people who use their minds 4.for the betterment of mankind(为了人类的进步)．
Martin：Yes.I do，too! For example，medical researchers conduct research to find 5.cures for diseases(治疗疾病的方法)．They also look for ways to prevent diseases by developing vaccines. Isn’t it amazing what the human mind and body are capable of
Tom：It truly is!
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听对话理解时，考生可能无法从对话中直接找出答案。我们必须回忆对话内容，用归纳、推理判断或计算等方法，将所获取的信息进行加工然后答题。有时答话人并非直截了当地去回答问话人的问题，而采用了某种含蓄、委婉的回答方式。这种题需要考生仔细推敲，找出其“潜台词”。本单元的话题是人的身体和大脑能做的事情。
常见话题词汇：
1．biology n．生物学
2．capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能
3．marathon n．马拉松赛跑
4．calculate vt.计算，核算
5．athletics n．田径运动会；体育运动
6．innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革
7．betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高
常见话题句式：
1．I’ve just been watching athletics on television.
我刚才在电视上看体育比赛。
2．I’m amazed at the speed and strength of the athletes.
我对运动员的速度和力量感到惊讶。
3．It’s incredible，isn’t it
太不可思议了，不是吗？
4．The human body is capable of doing many things，such as jumping high，running very fast.
人体能做很多事情，比如跳得高，跑得快。
5．I love watching gymnastics competitions.
我喜欢看体操比赛。
6．The human mind is amazing，too—the human mind is capable of making decisions，memorising facts，reasoning and doing so many other things.
人类的大脑也很神奇——人类的大脑能够做出决定，记忆事实，推理和做许多其他事情。
7．We use our minds to create and innovate as well.
我们还用我们的头脑去创造和创新。
8．For example，medical researchers conduct research to find cures for diseases.
例如，医学研究人员进行研究以找到治疗疾病的方法。
9．They look for ways to prevent diseases by developing vaccines.
他们通过开发疫苗来寻找预防疾病的方法。
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1．Read the Text Builder carefully.Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the words or expressions you hear.
2．Listen to the dialogue.Write T(true) or F(false)．
3．Listen to the material on P51 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(精听训练)
(I＝Interviewer M＝Dr.Millhouse)
I：Thank you for taking the time to talk to us today，Dr.Millhouse.
M：You’re welcome.
I：You’ve been doing some research into how the human body (1)reacts in extreme conditions.Could you tell us what you’ve found out
M：Yes，of course.First of all，we looked at human resilience in hot and cold extreme (2)climates. We trained the experiment’s participants to do special breathing exercises and then they did them in extremely (3)low temperatures in our lab.
I：And what happened
M：After they’d been doing the (4)breathing exercises for about twenty minutes，we noticed something very interesting—their bodies started to (5)warm up on their own!
I：Wow，that’s amazing!
M：Yes，it was.When the participants started to feel tired，they (6)stopped doing the exercises properly.Then their body temperature started to fall again.
I：OK，so what you’re saying is that people are able to (7)control how hot or cold their bodies are
M：Yes，that’s right.We saw similar effects to those we see in the bodies of (8)athletes involved in doping.But we need to do some more (9)research to find out how this all works exactly.
I：Thank you very much，Dr.Millhouse.It’s been very (10)interesting to talk to you today.
Lesson 1
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，请猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
1．The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process.线索，提示
2．They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species，and they worry about the ethical questions this raises.一定会；很可能会
3．Furthermore，clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior.
低级别的，差的
4．Finally，they worry that some organisations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes.
滥用
5．How it is used，whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind，depends on mankind and not on the instrument.福气，幸运
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the form.
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Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is about cloning and different attitudes to it.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1．What can we know about Dolly
A．Dolly grew normally. B．Dolly grew abnormally.
C．Dolly fell ill and died. D．The cloning of Dolly was a success.
2．It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal .
A．usually lives as long as the original one
B．usually lives longer than the original one
C．usually lives shorter than the original one
D．is usually as healthy as the original one
3．Why do Chinese scientists try to clone monkeys
A．To solve technical difficulties.
B．To help medical research and people’s health.
C．To get edited genes for further use.
D．To help find effective treatments.
4．What’s the writer’s attitude towards cloning
A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Indifferent. D．Interested.
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Activity 1 美句欣赏
1．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences of rhetorical question.(细读短文并找出设问的句子)
2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentence of contrast.(细读短文并找出对比的句子)
3．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences of quote.(细读短文并找出引用的句子)
Activity 2 文本讨论
1．Why do researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced
答案：Researchers insist on exploring cloning to continue making progress in curing diseases and developing treatments.
Reasons:
Para. 3: to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health.
Para. 4: a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process… change their genes to suit research needs… save research time… produce more accurate results… more effective treatments.
2．Do you think cloning is a good idea？Use what you have learnt to try to persuade someone to accept your point of view.
答案：It’s a good idea: the potential of cloning； scientists’ devotion；Einstein’s quote.
It’s a bad idea: clones’ health problems; moral concerns; Einstein’s quote
Activity 3 长句突破 能力提升
分析下面句子结构并翻译：
1.The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
译文：_______________________________________________________________________________________
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译文：他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为了获得经过基因编辑的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。
2.While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
译文：_______________________________________________________________________________________
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译文：尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。
达标检测
课文语法填空
Natural cloning has taken place for generations.An example of this is identical twins.A sheep 1. (call) Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned 2. (success) in 1996.Since Dolly，more than 20 mammal species have been cloned 3. (include) camels and goats.In 2018，China announced that two monkeys 4. (clone)．In comparison 5. other species，scientists had to work hard to break the technical barrier to get primates with edited genes.Scientists say that this major breakthrough offers the potential 6. (create) monkeys with identical genes,7. gives more accurate research results and perhaps leads to 8. (effect) treatments for various diseases.While scientists insist 9. is crucial to continue the research，others raise moral concerns and worry that the technology might 10. (abuse) by some organizations.
参考答案
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1. 答案 C
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 B
4. 答案 B
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Activity 1 美句欣赏
1. 答案 (1)“Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals？”(2)“Will it continue to happen forever？”
2. 答案 In comparison with other species，cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”，and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated.
3. 答案 As Einstein said，“Science is a powerful instrument.How it is used，whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind，depends on mankind and not on the instrument.A knife is useful，but it can also kill.”
达标检测
课文语法填空
1. called 2. successfully 3. including 4. had been cloned 5. with
6. to create 7. which 8. effective 9. it 10. be abused
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Topic Talk
核心考点 讲练互动
Capabilities of the Human Body(教材P50)
?capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能
(1)have the capability to do/of doing sth.有做某事的能力(2)capable adj.有能力的；有才干的be capable of能够，能，敢于(3)capably adv.能干地(4)incapable adj.没有能力的；不能克制自己的；不能胜任的
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Animals in the zoo have lost the capability to catch food for themselves.
②The detective used to be a powerful and capable man.
[单句语法填空]
①The salesman has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks he is occupied in.
②He has the capability(capable) to benefit from university education.
③The poet was found lying on the road，drunk and incapable(capable)．
④Some women surprised themselves by how capably(capable) they managed money once they were forced to do so.
易学考点 自主研读
create，innovate，solve problems，calculate(教材P50)
?calculate vt.计算，核算；推算；预料
(1)It’s calculated that...据估算……(2)calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的be calculated to do sth.打算做某事(3)calculation n．计算(4)calculator n．计算器
①You will need to calculate how much time the assignment will take.
你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。
②This adventure movie is calculated to attract(attract) children.
这部冒险电影是为吸引儿童设计的。
③It is calculated that this trip to the historical sites will cost us $1,000.
据估算这次历史遗址旅行要花掉我们1 000美元。
④The scientist’s calculations(calculate) proved exactly right.
那位科学家的计算结果完全正确。
⑤I think a pocket calculator(calculate) is very convenient.我认为袖珍计算器很方便。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1. For most of us breathing is automatic (自动的)．
2. This city, which lies in the far north of Fushun, is divided into two parts, the inner city and the outer city.
3. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life develops.
4. He attempted to help us, but in fact his coming would add to our difficulty.
5. Either she didn’t see me or she ignored me on purpose.
6. This material absorbs the sound, and doesn’t reflect (反射)it.
7. They argued (争辩) that they needed more time to finish the project.
8. Home-working opportunities and flexible (灵活的)working hours are top concerns for the working mothers.
9. As a matter of fact, the beauty of nature there made an excellent impression (印象)on me.
10. Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote (促进) eye health.
Ⅱ.语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She finds an approach to solving (solve) this problem.
2. In the 20th century, people preferred traveling by sea to traveling by air.
3. This job calls for great patience and concentration (concentrate).
4. Please actively take part in after-school activities, which will not only make your school life colorful, but also improve your learning.
5. You must keep away from the man, who is dangerous (danger). If you are in danger, please call 110.
6. Playing (play)loud music in public is against the law in the UK.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．One person’s and attention is limited.
一个人能够给予的关怀、关爱和关注是有限的。
2．Almost all the students the debate to be held the day after tomorrow.
几乎所有的学生都想参加后天要举行的辩论赛。
3．The task was more challenging than .
这项任务比他所估计的要艰巨得多。
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.capability of giving care，love
2.want to participate in
3.he had calculated
Lesson 1
核心考点 讲练互动
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a(large/great) number of许多；大量的
记牢下列短语(1)＋可数名词复数(2)＋不可数名词(3)＋可数名词复数或不可数名词(4)many a＋可数名词单数(谓语动词用单数)注意：(1)“a number of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多……；大量……”。(2)“the number of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“……的数量”。(3)“large quantities of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。(4)“large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①A large number of books have been donated to the library so far.
②I’ve known the famous detective for a great many years.
③A large amount of money is spent on protecting these historical sites every year.
④Large quantities of food are wasted because of the way it looks.
[单句语法填空]
①The number of books stolen from the library is(be) large.
②Many a doctor was involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
③One survey shows that large amounts of water are wasted(waste) every year in China.
INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\2021唐兰\\同步\\看PPT\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996.(教材P52)
?过去分词(短语)作定语
句中过去分词cloned作前置定语，过去分词短语named Dolly作后置定语。用法总结：(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，与所修饰的名词或代词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动含义。(2)单个的过去分词作定语时，多置于所修饰词的前面，left等少数过去分词放后面；而过去分词短语作定语，一般置于所修饰词的后面，通常可改写为定语从句。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①This adventure book，written(＝which is written) in simple English，is suitable for beginners.
②Most of the lawyers invited to the party were young ones.
③Just as the saying goes，lost time can never be found again.
④What I want to say is that the books of poetry left are for my students.
[句型转换]
①The bridge built two years ago is the second longest in the world.
→The bridge that/which was built two years ago is the second longest in the world.
②He bought a car which had been used.
→He bought a used car.
INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\2021唐兰\\同步\\看PPT\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET They were the first-ever primates(the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned！
序数词＋名词＋to do
句中to have been cloned为不定式作后置定语。(1)不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。(2)中心词是序数词或被序数词、最高级、 only等修饰时，用不定式作定语。(3)promise，plan，offer，decision，ability，warning等抽象名词后常用不定式作定语。注意：被修饰的名词与不定式存在被动关系时，不定式的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则后面必须要有适当的介词。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Evidently，the airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.
②He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
③The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
④As we all know，in such a new era，flying is the best way to travel.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①I dream of finding a friend that will be the first to give(give) me a hand when I am in trouble.
②She was the first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes.
她是世界上第一个获得两项诺贝尔奖的人。
③Suddenly，a good idea occurred to her，but she found that she had no paper to write on.
突然，她想到了一个好主意，但是她发现她没有写下它的纸。
易学考点 自主研读
1. In comparison with other species，cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”，and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated.
comparison n．比较，对比
(1)beyond/without comparison无与伦比by/in comparison with sb./sth.与……相比by comparison比较起来(2)compare vt.比较，比作compare A with/to B比较A和Bcompared with/to与……相比compare notes with和……交换意见
①I often compare notes with my assistant because he is experienced.
我经常和我的助手交换意见因为他有经验。
②In comparison with other students，Mike is more diligent，so he is more brilliant.
和其他学生相比，迈克更加勤勉一些，因此他更优秀。
③Compared(compare)with our small flat，Bill’s house seems like a palace.
和我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像是宫殿。
④Comparing(compare) this with that，you’ll find which is better.
把这个和那个做比较，你就会发现哪个更好了。
⑤By comparison，investment in education has increased this year.
相比之下，今年教育投资增加了。
⑥Mother’s love is great beyond/without comparison in the world.
母爱是世上无与伦比的伟大力量。
2.This could help save research time，reduce the number of animals required for testing，produce more accurate results，and lead to more effective treatments.(教材P53)
?treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式
(1)under treatment在治疗中(2)treat n．招待；款待 v．对待；款待；请客；治疗treat sb.as...把某人看作……treat sb.to sth.招待某人吃……；买(可享受的东西)treat sb.with...以……方式对待某人My treat.我请客。
①Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment.
阿司匹林是一种简单但非常有效的治疗方法。
②He was treated as a hero on his release from prison.
他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待。
③I’m going to treat myself to a new pair of shoes and a new blanket.
我打算给自己买双新鞋和一个新毯子。
④The physician treated the patient with drugs before the operation.
医生在手术前给病人用药。
⑤Let’s have a big dinner tonight.My treat.
今晚我们吃顿丰盛的晚餐吧。我请客。
3.While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns.(教材P53)
?concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心，关注；(利害)关系
(1)It concerns/concerned sb.that...令某人担忧的是……(2)concerned adj.担心的；关注的as far as...be concerned就……而言be concerned about/for关心；担忧；挂念be concerned with sth.牵涉到；与……有关(3)concerning prep.关于
①It concerns me that the seaman no longer seems to care about his life.
这个海员似乎不再在乎他的生命，这令我担忧。
②Since there is always heavy fog，many people begin to be concerned about air pollution.
因为大雾经常发生，很多人开始关心空气污染问题。
③As far as I’m concerned(concern)，riding bicycles is a good solution.
就我个人而言，骑自行车是个好的解决方法。
④The film is concerned with Anti-Japanese war.
这是一部有关抗日战争的影片。
⑤The photographer asked several questions concerning(concern) the future of the company.
这个摄影师问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
4.They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species , and they worry about the ethical questions this raises.(教材P53)
be bound to 一定；注定
be bound to do/be sth. 一定会；很可能会be bound up in sth. 忙于某事；热衷于某事
Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble
谁说过制造一个如此像人的机器人一定会带来麻烦？
He is bound to_pass the test if he keeps working hard.
如果他继续努力工作，他一定会通过考试的。
5.Furthermore,clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior.(教材P53)
inferior adj. （质量等）低劣的；下级的，下等的；（位置在）下面的；[植]下位的
n. 部下，下属；次品；晚辈；[印]下角码
【联想】
be superior to... 比……优越/更好/更强be inferior to... 次于……；不如……be senior to 比……年长/资深be junior to 比……年轻/资浅
温馨提示：以上四词作形容词时，没有比较级。to表示“和……相比”，而表示“在……方面”时用介词in。
6.Finally,they worry that some organizations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes.(教材P53)
(1)Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.
众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”。尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员在日后的生活中带来严重的健康问题。
(2)She abuses_her_power as principal by giving jobs to her friends.
她滥用自己作为校长的职权，给朋友介绍工作。
(3)Drug_abuse and alcohol_abuse contributed to his early death.
他的早亡是滥用毒品和酗酒造成的。
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Activity 1 规律探究
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
①Natural cloning has been going on for generations.②For example，gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium，such as soil.③For years，there had been attempts to clone animals artificially.④However，they have found a similar pattern of health problems with these other species as well.⑤Dr.Sun Qiang，director of the research team，said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day,7 days a week for more than 5 years.
1.句①和②是现在完成进行时。
2．句③和⑤的上半句是过去完成时。
3．句④是现在完成时。
4．句⑤的后半句是过去完成进行时。
Activity 2 语法精析
INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\2021唐兰\\同步\\看PPT\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
一、现在完成时
1．现在完成时的构成为have/has＋done，表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now，so far，already，yet，now，recently，in the past few years，just等表示时间的词连用。
2．在条件、时间或让步状语从句中，表示将来某时之前已完成的动作。
3．下列情况下常用现在完成时：
①It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句
②This/That/It is the first/second...time that＋现在完成时
③It/This is the best/worst/most interesting等＋名词＋从句(现在完成时)
In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
When you have learned English，you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
当你学习英语之后，你会发现它是通往丰富知识的桥梁。
It is/has been twenty years since I saw her.
我已经二十年没见她了。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema as a family.
这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。
This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.
这是他写的最有趣的一部小说。
二、现在完成进行时
1．现在完成进行时的构成为have/has＋been＋doing。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
2．表示重复性动作。
3．表示某种感彩。
①The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
自从上午9点经理就一直告诉工人如何改善这一方案。
②You have been saying you can succeed for five years.
五年来你一直在说你能成功。
③Too much has been happening today.
今天真是一个多事的日子。
注意：现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时表示动作发生过。
Someone has phoned you.有人给你打电话了。
Someone has been phoning you.有人一直在给你打电话。
②现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时则强调结果。
He has been painting the room.他一直在粉刷房间。(还未粉刷完)
He has painted the room.他已经粉刷过房间了。(已粉刷完)
三、过去完成时
1．过去完成时的构成为had＋done。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before，after，by，up till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。
2．动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
3．在“hardly(scarcely)．..when...，no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一……就……”。
4．by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时，主句用过去完成时。
5．表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
①Tom and I became friends in 2000，although we had met several years before.
汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管在几年前我们就见过面。
②I had intended to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
③Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.
演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。
④By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
⑤That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
那是她第二次看见她的祖父。
四、过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时的构成为had＋been＋doing。主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作或表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
①When Alice came to herself，she did not know how long she had been lying there.
当艾丽丝苏醒过来的时候，她不知道自己已在那儿躺了多久。(表示lie这一动作先于did not know，且lie这一动作还在进行)
②She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.
她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)
③She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.
她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)
注意：过去完成时和过去完成进行时的区别
①过去完成时
表示动作在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.当汤姆到达晚会现场的时候，大部分客人都走了，他很失望。
②过去完成进行时
表示在过去某一特定时间以前发生的动作一直持续到这个特定时间，或者刚刚结束，或者还要延续。但是，决不会延续到现在。
It had been raining hard for three weeks.Nearly all the little trees on the mountain were washed away.
大雨一连下了三个星期，山上的小树差不多都给冲走了。
注意：时间点的确定以及是否强调动作的持续性是判断完成时态和完成进行时态的关键。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. People attempted to take (take) the 41-year-old man to hospital but he refused medical attention.
2. We had an argument (argue)with the waiter about the bill.
3. The cat felt curious when she saw her own reflection (reflect) in the mirror.
4.Assuming (assume)you are right, we’ll make a great deal of money from the project.
5. The water level rose so high in several places that many houses were at risk after the storm.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Compared the poets of the same era，he is famous.
2．Tom is always the last one (hand) in his homework.
3．We (hope) that you would come，but you didn’t.
4．All the (break) windows of the classroom are being repaired.
5．It was the first time that the girl (talk) to a famous astronaut.
6．Almost drowned，the seaman is now treatment in a local hospital.
7．At a restaurant at the bay，a large quantity of beer (sell) yesterday.
8．I (play) football all the morning，so I’m sweating heavily.
9．His success was due to the fact that he (work) hard all the time.
10．As far as I am (concern)，China will have huge changes over the following years.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．China was one of the first countries in the world .
中国是世界上最早研究农学的国家之一。
2．The party was a success.
昨晚举行的聚会很成功。
3．There are on this issue.
在这个问题上意见纷纭。
4．I by the end of last term.
到上学期期末为止，我已经学了2 000个英语单词。
5．Hardly home when he began to go over his lessons.
他一回到家就开始复习功课。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. with/to 2. to hand 3. had hoped 4. broken 5. had talked
6. under 7. was sold 8. have been playing 9. had been working 10. concerned
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.to study the science of farming
2.held last night
3.a number of different points of view
4.had learned 2,000 English words
5.had he got
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【北师大版】Unit 9 Human Biology
类文赏读 话题导入
Cloning：Where Is It Leading Us
Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.It also happens in animals when twins identical1 in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.
Cloning has two major uses.Firstly，gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial2 quantities of plants.Secondly，it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning plants is straightforward3 while cloning animals is very complicated4.It is a difficult task to undertake5.Many attempts to clone mammals failed.But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough6—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure7 works like this：
...
On the one hand，the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone，Dolly the sheep.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years，half the length of the life of the original sheep.Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species，such as cloned mice.The questions that concerned all scientists were：“Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals？Would it happen forever？Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure？”
On the other hand，Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media8 and public imagination.It became controversial.It suddenly opened everybody’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.
1．identical/a 'dent kl/ adj.同一的；一模一样的
2．commercial/k 'm l/ adj.商业的；贸易的
3．straightforward/ stre t'f w d/ adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的
4．complicated/'k mpl ke t d/ adj.复杂的；难懂的
5．undertake/ nd 'te k/ v．(undertook；undertaken)着手；从事，承担
6．breakthrough/'bre kθru / n．突破
7．procedure/pr 'si d / n．程序；步骤；手续
8．the media大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)
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1．The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.
实际上，这两个都是自然克隆现象的例子。
[句式分析] 句中that引导表语从句。
2．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
接着传来了多莉病重这个令人不安的消息。
[句式分析] then放句首作状语，谓语动词是came，句子完全倒装；that引导同位语从句。
Section Ⅰ Topic Talk
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Tom和他的同学Martin正在谈论人的身体和大脑能做的事情。请根据提示完成对话。
Tom：I’ve just been watching athletics on television.I’m amazed at 1.the speed and strength of the athletes(运动员的速度和力量)．
Martin：It’s incredible，isn’t it？The human body is 2.capable of doing many things(有能力做很多事情)，such as jumping high，running very fast.
Tom：That’s true.I love watching gymnastics competitions.
Martin：The human mind is amazing，too—the human mind is capable of 3.making decisions(做决定)，memorising facts，reasoning and doing so many other things.
Tom：That’s right.We use our minds to create and innovate as well.I really admire people who use their minds 4.for the betterment of mankind(为了人类的进步)．
Martin：Yes.I do，too! For example，medical researchers conduct research to find 5.cures for diseases(治疗疾病的方法)．They also look for ways to prevent diseases by developing vaccines. Isn’t it amazing what the human mind and body are capable of
Tom：It truly is!
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听对话理解时，考生可能无法从对话中直接找出答案。我们必须回忆对话内容，用归纳、推理判断或计算等方法，将所获取的信息进行加工然后答题。有时答话人并非直截了当地去回答问话人的问题，而采用了某种含蓄、委婉的回答方式。这种题需要考生仔细推敲，找出其“潜台词”。本单元的话题是人的身体和大脑能做的事情。
常见话题词汇：
1．biology n．生物学
2．capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能
3．marathon n．马拉松赛跑
4．calculate vt.计算，核算
5．athletics n．田径运动会；体育运动
6．innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革
7．betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高
常见话题句式：
1．I’ve just been watching athletics on television.
我刚才在电视上看体育比赛。
2．I’m amazed at the speed and strength of the athletes.
我对运动员的速度和力量感到惊讶。
3．It’s incredible，isn’t it
太不可思议了，不是吗？
4．The human body is capable of doing many things，such as jumping high，running very fast.
人体能做很多事情，比如跳得高，跑得快。
5．I love watching gymnastics competitions.
我喜欢看体操比赛。
6．The human mind is amazing，too—the human mind is capable of making decisions，memorising facts，reasoning and doing so many other things.
人类的大脑也很神奇——人类的大脑能够做出决定，记忆事实，推理和做许多其他事情。
7．We use our minds to create and innovate as well.
我们还用我们的头脑去创造和创新。
8．For example，medical researchers conduct research to find cures for diseases.
例如，医学研究人员进行研究以找到治疗疾病的方法。
9．They look for ways to prevent diseases by developing vaccines.
他们通过开发疫苗来寻找预防疾病的方法。
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1．Read the Text Builder carefully.Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the words or expressions you hear.
2．Listen to the dialogue.Write T(true) or F(false)．
3．Listen to the material on P51 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(精听训练)
(I＝Interviewer M＝Dr.Millhouse)
I：Thank you for taking the time to talk to us today，Dr.Millhouse.
M：You’re welcome.
I：You’ve been doing some research into how the human body (1)reacts in extreme conditions.Could you tell us what you’ve found out
M：Yes，of course.First of all，we looked at human resilience in hot and cold extreme (2)climates. We trained the experiment’s participants to do special breathing exercises and then they did them in extremely (3)low temperatures in our lab.
I：And what happened
M：After they’d been doing the (4)breathing exercises for about twenty minutes，we noticed something very interesting—their bodies started to (5)warm up on their own!
I：Wow，that’s amazing!
M：Yes，it was.When the participants started to feel tired，they (6)stopped doing the exercises properly.Then their body temperature started to fall again.
I：OK，so what you’re saying is that people are able to (7)control how hot or cold their bodies are
M：Yes，that’s right.We saw similar effects to those we see in the bodies of (8)athletes involved in doping.But we need to do some more (9)research to find out how this all works exactly.
I：Thank you very much，Dr.Millhouse.It’s been very (10)interesting to talk to you today.
Lesson 1
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，请猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
1．The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process.线索，提示
2．They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species，and they worry about the ethical questions this raises.一定会；很可能会
3．Furthermore，clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior.
低级别的，差的
4．Finally，they worry that some organisations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes.
滥用
5．How it is used，whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind，depends on mankind and not on the instrument.福气，幸运
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the form.
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Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is about cloning and different attitudes to it.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1．What can we know about Dolly
A．Dolly grew normally. B．Dolly grew abnormally.
C．Dolly fell ill and died. D．The cloning of Dolly was a success.
2．It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal .
A．usually lives as long as the original one
B．usually lives longer than the original one
C．usually lives shorter than the original one
D．is usually as healthy as the original one
3．Why do Chinese scientists try to clone monkeys
A．To solve technical difficulties.
B．To help medical research and people’s health.
C．To get edited genes for further use.
D．To help find effective treatments.
4．What’s the writer’s attitude towards cloning
A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Indifferent. D．Interested.
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Activity 1 美句欣赏
1．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences of rhetorical question.(细读短文并找出设问的句子)
2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentence of contrast.(细读短文并找出对比的句子)
3．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences of quote.(细读短文并找出引用的句子)
Activity 2 文本讨论
1．Why do researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced
答案：Researchers insist on exploring cloning to continue making progress in curing diseases and developing treatments.
Reasons:
Para. 3: to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health.
Para. 4: a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process… change their genes to suit research needs… save research time… produce more accurate results… more effective treatments.
2．Do you think cloning is a good idea？Use what you have learnt to try to persuade someone to accept your point of view.
答案：It’s a good idea: the potential of cloning； scientists’ devotion；Einstein’s quote.
It’s a bad idea: clones’ health problems; moral concerns; Einstein’s quote
Activity 3 长句突破 能力提升
分析下面句子结构并翻译：
1.The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
译文：_______________________________________________________________________________________
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译文：他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为了获得经过基因编辑的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。
2.While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
译文：_______________________________________________________________________________________
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译文：尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。
达标检测
课文语法填空
Natural cloning has taken place for generations.An example of this is identical twins.A sheep 1. (call) Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned 2. (success) in 1996.Since Dolly，more than 20 mammal species have been cloned 3. (include) camels and goats.In 2018，China announced that two monkeys 4. (clone)．In comparison 5. other species，scientists had to work hard to break the technical barrier to get primates with edited genes.Scientists say that this major breakthrough offers the potential 6. (create) monkeys with identical genes,7. gives more accurate research results and perhaps leads to 8. (effect) treatments for various diseases.While scientists insist 9. is crucial to continue the research，others raise moral concerns and worry that the technology might 10. (abuse) by some organizations.
参考答案
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1. 答案 C
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 B
4. 答案 B
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Activity 1 美句欣赏
1. 答案 (1)“Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals？”(2)“Will it continue to happen forever？”
2. 答案 In comparison with other species，cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”，and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated.
3. 答案 As Einstein said，“Science is a powerful instrument.How it is used，whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind，depends on mankind and not on the instrument.A knife is useful，but it can also kill.”
达标检测
课文语法填空
1. called 2. successfully 3. including 4. had been cloned 5. with
6. to create 7. which 8. effective 9. it 10. be abused
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Topic Talk
核心考点 讲练互动
Capabilities of the Human Body(教材P50)
?capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能
(1)have the capability to do/of doing sth.有做某事的能力(2)capable adj.有能力的；有才干的be capable of能够，能，敢于(3)capably adv.能干地(4)incapable adj.没有能力的；不能克制自己的；不能胜任的
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Animals in the zoo have lost the capability to catch food for themselves.
②The detective used to be a powerful and capable man.
[单句语法填空]
①The salesman has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks he is occupied in.
②He has the capability(capable) to benefit from university education.
③The poet was found lying on the road，drunk and incapable(capable)．
④Some women surprised themselves by how capably(capable) they managed money once they were forced to do so.
易学考点 自主研读
create，innovate，solve problems，calculate(教材P50)
?calculate vt.计算，核算；推算；预料
(1)It’s calculated that...据估算……(2)calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的be calculated to do sth.打算做某事(3)calculation n．计算(4)calculator n．计算器
①You will need to calculate how much time the assignment will take.
你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。
②This adventure movie is calculated to attract(attract) children.
这部冒险电影是为吸引儿童设计的。
③It is calculated that this trip to the historical sites will cost us $1,000.
据估算这次历史遗址旅行要花掉我们1 000美元。
④The scientist’s calculations(calculate) proved exactly right.
那位科学家的计算结果完全正确。
⑤I think a pocket calculator(calculate) is very convenient.我认为袖珍计算器很方便。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1. For most of us breathing is automatic (自动的)．
2. This city, which lies in the far north of Fushun, is divided into two parts, the inner city and the outer city.
3. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life develops.
4. He attempted to help us, but in fact his coming would add to our difficulty.
5. Either she didn’t see me or she ignored me on purpose.
6. This material absorbs the sound, and doesn’t reflect (反射)it.
7. They argued (争辩) that they needed more time to finish the project.
8. Home-working opportunities and flexible (灵活的)working hours are top concerns for the working mothers.
9. As a matter of fact, the beauty of nature there made an excellent impression (印象)on me.
10. Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote (促进) eye health.
Ⅱ.语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She finds an approach to solving (solve) this problem.
2. In the 20th century, people preferred traveling by sea to traveling by air.
3. This job calls for great patience and concentration (concentrate).
4. Please actively take part in after-school activities, which will not only make your school life colorful, but also improve your learning.
5. You must keep away from the man, who is dangerous (danger). If you are in danger, please call 110.
6. Playing (play)loud music in public is against the law in the UK.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．One person’s and attention is limited.
一个人能够给予的关怀、关爱和关注是有限的。
2．Almost all the students the debate to be held the day after tomorrow.
几乎所有的学生都想参加后天要举行的辩论赛。
3．The task was more challenging than .
这项任务比他所估计的要艰巨得多。
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.capability of giving care，love
2.want to participate in
3.he had calculated
Lesson 1
核心考点 讲练互动
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a(large/great) number of许多；大量的
记牢下列短语(1)＋可数名词复数(2)＋不可数名词(3)＋可数名词复数或不可数名词(4)many a＋可数名词单数(谓语动词用单数)注意：(1)“a number of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多……；大量……”。(2)“the number of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“……的数量”。(3)“large quantities of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。(4)“large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①A large number of books have been donated to the library so far.
②I’ve known the famous detective for a great many years.
③A large amount of money is spent on protecting these historical sites every year.
④Large quantities of food are wasted because of the way it looks.
[单句语法填空]
①The number of books stolen from the library is(be) large.
②Many a doctor was involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
③One survey shows that large amounts of water are wasted(waste) every year in China.
INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\2021唐兰\\同步\\看PPT\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996.(教材P52)
?过去分词(短语)作定语
句中过去分词cloned作前置定语，过去分词短语named Dolly作后置定语。用法总结：(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，与所修饰的名词或代词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动含义。(2)单个的过去分词作定语时，多置于所修饰词的前面，left等少数过去分词放后面；而过去分词短语作定语，一般置于所修饰词的后面，通常可改写为定语从句。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①This adventure book，written(＝which is written) in simple English，is suitable for beginners.
②Most of the lawyers invited to the party were young ones.
③Just as the saying goes，lost time can never be found again.
④What I want to say is that the books of poetry left are for my students.
[句型转换]
①The bridge built two years ago is the second longest in the world.
→The bridge that/which was built two years ago is the second longest in the world.
②He bought a car which had been used.
→He bought a used car.
INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\2021唐兰\\同步\\看PPT\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET They were the first-ever primates(the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned！
序数词＋名词＋to do
句中to have been cloned为不定式作后置定语。(1)不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。(2)中心词是序数词或被序数词、最高级、 only等修饰时，用不定式作定语。(3)promise，plan，offer，decision，ability，warning等抽象名词后常用不定式作定语。注意：被修饰的名词与不定式存在被动关系时，不定式的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则后面必须要有适当的介词。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Evidently，the airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.
②He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
③The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
④As we all know，in such a new era，flying is the best way to travel.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①I dream of finding a friend that will be the first to give(give) me a hand when I am in trouble.
②She was the first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes.
她是世界上第一个获得两项诺贝尔奖的人。
③Suddenly，a good idea occurred to her，but she found that she had no paper to write on.
突然，她想到了一个好主意，但是她发现她没有写下它的纸。
易学考点 自主研读
1. In comparison with other species，cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”，and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated.
comparison n．比较，对比
(1)beyond/without comparison无与伦比by/in comparison with sb./sth.与……相比by comparison比较起来(2)compare vt.比较，比作compare A with/to B比较A和Bcompared with/to与……相比compare notes with和……交换意见
①I often compare notes with my assistant because he is experienced.
我经常和我的助手交换意见因为他有经验。
②In comparison with other students，Mike is more diligent，so he is more brilliant.
和其他学生相比，迈克更加勤勉一些，因此他更优秀。
③Compared(compare)with our small flat，Bill’s house seems like a palace.
和我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像是宫殿。
④Comparing(compare) this with that，you’ll find which is better.
把这个和那个做比较，你就会发现哪个更好了。
⑤By comparison，investment in education has increased this year.
相比之下，今年教育投资增加了。
⑥Mother’s love is great beyond/without comparison in the world.
母爱是世上无与伦比的伟大力量。
2.This could help save research time，reduce the number of animals required for testing，produce more accurate results，and lead to more effective treatments.(教材P53)
?treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式
(1)under treatment在治疗中(2)treat n．招待；款待 v．对待；款待；请客；治疗treat sb.as...把某人看作……treat sb.to sth.招待某人吃……；买(可享受的东西)treat sb.with...以……方式对待某人My treat.我请客。
①Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment.
阿司匹林是一种简单但非常有效的治疗方法。
②He was treated as a hero on his release from prison.
他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待。
③I’m going to treat myself to a new pair of shoes and a new blanket.
我打算给自己买双新鞋和一个新毯子。
④The physician treated the patient with drugs before the operation.
医生在手术前给病人用药。
⑤Let’s have a big dinner tonight.My treat.
今晚我们吃顿丰盛的晚餐吧。我请客。
3.While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns.(教材P53)
?concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心，关注；(利害)关系
(1)It concerns/concerned sb.that...令某人担忧的是……(2)concerned adj.担心的；关注的as far as...be concerned就……而言be concerned about/for关心；担忧；挂念be concerned with sth.牵涉到；与……有关(3)concerning prep.关于
①It concerns me that the seaman no longer seems to care about his life.
这个海员似乎不再在乎他的生命，这令我担忧。
②Since there is always heavy fog，many people begin to be concerned about air pollution.
因为大雾经常发生，很多人开始关心空气污染问题。
③As far as I’m concerned(concern)，riding bicycles is a good solution.
就我个人而言，骑自行车是个好的解决方法。
④The film is concerned with Anti-Japanese war.
这是一部有关抗日战争的影片。
⑤The photographer asked several questions concerning(concern) the future of the company.
这个摄影师问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
4.They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species , and they worry about the ethical questions this raises.(教材P53)
be bound to 一定；注定
be bound to do/be sth. 一定会；很可能会be bound up in sth. 忙于某事；热衷于某事
Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble
谁说过制造一个如此像人的机器人一定会带来麻烦？
He is bound to_pass the test if he keeps working hard.
如果他继续努力工作，他一定会通过考试的。
5.Furthermore,clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior.(教材P53)
inferior adj. （质量等）低劣的；下级的，下等的；（位置在）下面的；[植]下位的
n. 部下，下属；次品；晚辈；[印]下角码
【联想】
be superior to... 比……优越/更好/更强be inferior to... 次于……；不如……be senior to 比……年长/资深be junior to 比……年轻/资浅
温馨提示：以上四词作形容词时，没有比较级。to表示“和……相比”，而表示“在……方面”时用介词in。
6.Finally,they worry that some organizations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes.(教材P53)
(1)Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.
众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”。尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员在日后的生活中带来严重的健康问题。
(2)She abuses_her_power as principal by giving jobs to her friends.
她滥用自己作为校长的职权，给朋友介绍工作。
(3)Drug_abuse and alcohol_abuse contributed to his early death.
他的早亡是滥用毒品和酗酒造成的。
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Activity 1 规律探究
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
①Natural cloning has been going on for generations.②For example，gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium，such as soil.③For years，there had been attempts to clone animals artificially.④However，they have found a similar pattern of health problems with these other species as well.⑤Dr.Sun Qiang，director of the research team，said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day,7 days a week for more than 5 years.
1.句①和②是现在完成进行时。
2．句③和⑤的上半句是过去完成时。
3．句④是现在完成时。
4．句⑤的后半句是过去完成进行时。
Activity 2 语法精析
INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\第三批\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\word\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\2021唐兰\\同步\\看PPT\\英语 北师大 选择性必修第三册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第三册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 9—模块检测卷\\S25.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
一、现在完成时
1．现在完成时的构成为have/has＋done，表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now，so far，already，yet，now，recently，in the past few years，just等表示时间的词连用。
2．在条件、时间或让步状语从句中，表示将来某时之前已完成的动作。
3．下列情况下常用现在完成时：
①It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句
②This/That/It is the first/second...time that＋现在完成时
③It/This is the best/worst/most interesting等＋名词＋从句(现在完成时)
In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
When you have learned English，you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
当你学习英语之后，你会发现它是通往丰富知识的桥梁。
It is/has been twenty years since I saw her.
我已经二十年没见她了。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema as a family.
这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。
This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.
这是他写的最有趣的一部小说。
二、现在完成进行时
1．现在完成进行时的构成为have/has＋been＋doing。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
2．表示重复性动作。
3．表示某种感彩。
①The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
自从上午9点经理就一直告诉工人如何改善这一方案。
②You have been saying you can succeed for five years.
五年来你一直在说你能成功。
③Too much has been happening today.
今天真是一个多事的日子。
注意：现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时表示动作发生过。
Someone has phoned you.有人给你打电话了。
Someone has been phoning you.有人一直在给你打电话。
②现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时则强调结果。
He has been painting the room.他一直在粉刷房间。(还未粉刷完)
He has painted the room.他已经粉刷过房间了。(已粉刷完)
三、过去完成时
1．过去完成时的构成为had＋done。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before，after，by，up till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。
2．动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
3．在“hardly(scarcely)．..when...，no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一……就……”。
4．by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时，主句用过去完成时。
5．表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
①Tom and I became friends in 2000，although we had met several years before.
汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管在几年前我们就见过面。
②I had intended to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
③Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.
演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。
④By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
⑤That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
那是她第二次看见她的祖父。
四、过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时的构成为had＋been＋doing。主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作或表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
①When Alice came to herself，she did not know how long she had been lying there.
当艾丽丝苏醒过来的时候，她不知道自己已在那儿躺了多久。(表示lie这一动作先于did not know，且lie这一动作还在进行)
②She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.
她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)
③She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.
她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)
注意：过去完成时和过去完成进行时的区别
①过去完成时
表示动作在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.当汤姆到达晚会现场的时候，大部分客人都走了，他很失望。
②过去完成进行时
表示在过去某一特定时间以前发生的动作一直持续到这个特定时间，或者刚刚结束，或者还要延续。但是，决不会延续到现在。
It had been raining hard for three weeks.Nearly all the little trees on the mountain were washed away.
大雨一连下了三个星期，山上的小树差不多都给冲走了。
注意：时间点的确定以及是否强调动作的持续性是判断完成时态和完成进行时态的关键。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. People attempted to take (take) the 41-year-old man to hospital but he refused medical attention.
2. We had an argument (argue)with the waiter about the bill.
3. The cat felt curious when she saw her own reflection (reflect) in the mirror.
4.Assuming (assume)you are right, we’ll make a great deal of money from the project.
5. The water level rose so high in several places that many houses were at risk after the storm.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Compared the poets of the same era，he is famous.
2．Tom is always the last one (hand) in his homework.
3．We (hope) that you would come，but you didn’t.
4．All the (break) windows of the classroom are being repaired.
5．It was the first time that the girl (talk) to a famous astronaut.
6．Almost drowned，the seaman is now treatment in a local hospital.
7．At a restaurant at the bay，a large quantity of beer (sell) yesterday.
8．I (play) football all the morning，so I’m sweating heavily.
9．His success was due to the fact that he (work) hard all the time.
10．As far as I am (concern)，China will have huge changes over the following years.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．China was one of the first countries in the world .
中国是世界上最早研究农学的国家之一。
2．The party was a success.
昨晚举行的聚会很成功。
3．There are on this issue.
在这个问题上意见纷纭。
4．I by the end of last term.
到上学期期末为止，我已经学了2 000个英语单词。
5．Hardly home when he began to go over his lessons.
他一回到家就开始复习功课。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. with/to 2. to hand 3. had hoped 4. broken 5. had talked
6. under 7. was sold 8. have been playing 9. had been working 10. concerned
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.to study the science of farming
2.held last night
3.a number of different points of view
4.had learned 2,000 English words
5.had he got
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