新北师大选择性必修四Unit 10 Connections Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We精讲精练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 新北师大选择性必修四Unit 10 Connections Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We精讲精练（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-10 12:56:34 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【北师大版选择性必修四】Unit 10 Connections
类文赏读 话题导入
Strangers under the same roof
Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into a battle Have your once warm and open conversations become cold and guarded Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them1 on anything You are not alone.Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.
Teenagers’ physical changes may result in such family tensions2.You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends，shooting up3 in height or getting left far behind.You might worry about your changing voice，weight problems or spots.When it all gets too much，your parents are often the first targets of your anger.
It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.You enter a strange middle ground—no longer a small child but not quite an adult.You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.You feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on your own.Unfortunately，your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.“Why can’t they just let me go？” you may wonder.On the other hand，when you are struggling to control your feelings，you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you to act like an adult.All of this can lead to a breakdown4 in your relationship.
Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family，you can take action to improve the situation.The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication.When you disagree with your parents，take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view.Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain.After you have thought it through5，explain your actions and feelings calmly，listen carefully，and address their concerns.Through this kind of healthy discussion，you will learn when to back down6 and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent child tensions create，and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. The good news is that this stormy7 period will not last.Everything will turn out all right in the end，and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.
1．see eye to eye with sb.与某人看法一致
2．tension/′ten n/n.紧张关系；紧张；拉伸
3．shoot up快速长高，蹿个儿
4．breakdown/'breIkda n/n.(关系)破裂；故障
5．think sth.through充分考虑；想透
6．back down承认错误，认输
7．stormy/'st mi/adj.激烈争吵的
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1．Through this kind of healthy discussion，you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
通过这种健康的讨论，你会学会何时应该做出让步以及何时可以要求父母放松控制。
[句式分析] when to do结构作宾语。
2．Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent child tensions create，and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship.
只要记住，无法轻松应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的，并且你和父母可以共同努力，改善你们的关系。
[句式分析] 本句中出现了三个that引导的从句，其中第一和第三个是that引导的宾语从句；第二个是that引导的定语从句，先行词是stress。
Section Ⅰ ：Topic Talk & Lesson 1
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汤姆和李华是初中同学，两人见面后对高中学校生活和同学相处进行了讨论。请根据提示完成对话。
Tom：Hello.Long time no see.
Li Hua：Hi，Tom.What’s your new school life like
Tom：Great.The new school has a big beautiful campus and 1.is equipped with advanced teaching equipment(配有先进的设备)．The teachers here are 2.knowledgeable(博学的) and generous.
Li Hua：What about your new classmates
Tom：Most of them 3.are quite easy to get along with(很好相处)．And I have made a lot of new friends here，one boy named Wang Lei 4.in particular(尤其；特别是)．
Li Hua：Oh,5.you must have a lot in common with each other(你们一定有很多共同点)．
Tom：Yes，both of us take an interest in football and we have played two games together.
Li Hua：Have you ever come into 6.conflict(冲突)
Tom：Seldom.But once we really had a misunderstanding.
Li Hua：What’s going on
Tom：In an English exam,7.he wanted me to help him cheat(他想让我帮他作弊)，but I refused，which made him annoyed.Fortunately，after my thoughtful explanation,8.he realized his mistake and made an apology to me(他意识到了自己的错误并且向我道了歉)．Since then we have got closer to each other.
Li Hua：You are 9.a qualified friend(一个合格的朋友)．There is a saying going that “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Wish your friendship last forever.
Tom：Thank you.
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英语听力测试不只是考查学生的英语听力，同时还会考查学生的临场应变能力、猜测能力、记忆能力等。平时还要多积累一些常见的话题词汇和话题句式。本单元的话题是人与人之间的交流与交际。
常见话题词汇：
1．friendship友谊；友情
2．relationship关系
3．misunderstanding误解
4．agree同意
5．reliable可靠的
6．association联系；社团
7．cooperate团结；合作
8．conversation谈话；交谈
9．keep in touch with与……保持联系
10．put oneself in other’s shoes换位思考
常见话题句式：
1．As the old saying goes，a friend in need is a friend indeed.
常言道，患难见真情。
2．Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn’t make a forest.” Our success is based on cooperating with others.
正如谚语所说，“独木难成林。”我们的成功是建立在与别人合作的基础上的。
3．Now that we all live under one roof，we should learn how to get along well with each other.
既然我们住在同一屋檐下，我们应该学会如何彼此和睦相处。
4．Ever since then，I have found that smiling is the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily life.
此后，我发现微笑是避免我们日常生活中发生冲突的最好办法。
5．It offers us chances to communicate with each other，which can help us exchange our learning and life experience.
它给我们提供了相互交流的机会，这可以帮助我们交流学习和生活经验。
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Ⅰ.Read the Text Builder carefully.Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the words or expressions you hear.
Ⅱ.Listen to the dialogue again and then choose the best answer.
1．What did Willa do last weekend
A．She was doing an experiment.
B．She was taking photos for her sister.
C．She was hanging out with her sister.
2．What is the relationship between Willa and her sister
A．She never has a quarrel with her sister.
B．They sometimes have conflicts but never for long.
C．They are always getting along well with each other.
1. 答案 C 2. 答案 B
Ⅲ.Listen to the dialogue on Page 7 and then choose the best answer.
1．What problem did Max have
A．He could not sleep well at night.
B．His neighbours were making too much disturbing noise in the evenings.
C．He has a disagreement with his neighbours.
2．How did he deal with the problem
A．He did nothing but felt angry with the noise.
B．He made an apology to his neighbours.
C．He told his neighbours his real feelings.
3．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Friends.
C．Boss and employee.
1. 答案 B
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 B
Ⅳ.Listen to the dialogue on P7 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(A＝Ann M＝Max)
A：Max，are you still having problems with your 1.neighbours in Flat 304
M：No，not anymore，fortunately.We’ve 2.sorted out our problems now.
A：Oh good.What was the problem you were having with them，actually
M：Basically，they were making too much noise in their flat in the evenings and it was really 3.disturbing us.
A：Yes，I can imagine.
M：We didn’t want any 4.conflict with them at all.We want to have 5.friendly relationships with our neighbours，so we all have a good community 6.spirit.
A：I know.So，how did you 7.deal with the noise problem in the end
M：It was quite simple.Instead of staying in our flat，feeling angry about the noise，we 8.went over to their flat，told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they 9.apologised and said they would make less noise from then on.
A：And they did
M：Yes，that’s right.Now we 10.get on really well with each other.
语言学习
Topic Talk
核心考点 讲练互动 INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\汇编待上传\\兼职汇编\\北师大版高中和英语选修第四册 已做完\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET (教材P6)conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 vi.冲突；抵触
(1)in conflict with 与……有冲突come into conflict with 与……产生冲突(2)conflict with 与……相冲突
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①The two countries have been in conflict with each other for decades.
②He often comes into conflict with his classmates，which annoys his parents.
③It’s obvious that our interests conflict with yours.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①They came into conflict with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel.
②We found that these results conflicted with earlier findings.
③John is often in conflict with his boss，which makes the boss unsatisfied with him.
约翰经常与他的老板发生争执，这使得老板对他非常不满意。
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(1)envy sb.sth.羡慕某人某事out of envy出于羡慕；出于妒忌with envy羡慕地；妒忌地(2)envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的be envious of羡慕/妒忌……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①How I envy her the pleasure she had during the summer holidays.
②They only say such unkind things about you out of envy，so don’t be annoyed.
③All his friends and relatives in the room looked at his new car with envy.
④Everyone was envious of his progress but didn’t realize how hard he had been working.
[单句语法填空]
①Learn to be truly happy for the success of others，rather than be envious(envy) of them.
②She looked with envy at her neighbour’s beautiful necklace.
③His colleagues admired him but they were envious of his public success.
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\汇编待上传\\兼职汇编\\北师大版高中和英语选修第四册 已做完\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park.?
hang out闲待，厮混
(1)hang out with与……经常在一起；与……闲逛(2)hang on 抓紧不放(～to)；坚持下去；不要挂断(hold on)hang up挂断(电话)(3)hang (hung，hung)悬挂；使低垂hang (hanged，hanged)(被)吊死；(被)绞死
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①When I hang out with my American friends，I’m always afraid to speak.
②It’s hard work，but if you hang on you’ll succeed in the end.
③Someone called me up just now，but he hung up before I could answer the phone.
[单句语法填空]
①There was a family photograph hanging(hang) on the wall in the hall.
②Hang on to the rope and don’t let go or you will fall into the deep valley.
③They say that who you hang out with says a lot about who you are.
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apologis(z)e vi.道歉，谢罪
(1)apologis(z)e to sb. for (doing) sth.因为(做了)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n．道歉；歉意make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因为(做了)某事向某人道歉owe sb.an apology应该向某人道歉accept one’s apology接受某人的道歉
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①We apologis(z)e for the delay and regret any inconvenience it may have caused.
②I must make an apology to you for not going to your wedding party.
③I owe you an apology；you must have found my attitude very annoying.
④He accepted the apology with great generosity，which made me in relief.
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①If I have caused any offence over something I have written，I am willing to apologis(z)e(apology)．
②I apologis(z)e for not being able to join you for dinner in the canteen but I bring you a small present.
③I have an apology to make to you—I am afraid I opened your letter by mistake.
④我要为我早晨所说的话向你道歉。
→I owe you an apology for what I said this morning.
→I should make an apology to you for what I said this morning.
→I should apologis(z)e to you for what I said this morning.
易学考点 自主研读
(教材P6) encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
(1)an encouragement to sb.对某人的鼓励(2)encourage vt.鼓励；鼓舞(同义词：inspire)encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人去做某事encourage sb.in sth.在某方面鼓励某人(3)encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的；鼓励的
①She was given every encouragement to try something new.
她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。
②We are greatly encouraged by the positive response of the public to do(do) more charity work.
公众所持的肯定态度极大地鼓舞了我们为社会做更多的慈善工作。
③My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.
在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。
④This month’s unemployment figures are not very encouraging(encourage)．
这个月的失业统计数字不太乐观。
达标检测
提示：题干中加底纹的词汇是本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The two visitors came conflict with each other in the gallery.
2．They argue that being (envy) of another’s achievements is painful.
3．Thanks to your (encourage)，I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.
4．The boy’s parents want him to hang with his friends after school.
5．Write a letter to make apology and tell him your reasons why you cannot attend the party.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．John often his boss，which ruins his chance of getting promoted.约翰经常跟他的老板发生争执，因此破坏了他晋升的机会。
2．Don’t the runner in the lane next to you；just focus on finishing your race.不要妒忌你旁边跑道上的选手，只要专注于完成你的赛程就好。
3．The honor is for an artist’s career.
这项荣誉是对艺术家职业生涯的一个巨大鼓励。
4． ，but I had something really urgent to deal with.
我为迟到表示歉意，但我确实有些紧急事情要处理。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. into 2. envious 3. encouragement 4. out 5. an
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.comes into conflict with
2.be envious of
3.a great encouragement
4.I apologis(z)e for being late
Lesson 1
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测黑体词汇的汉语意思。
1．“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.指的是 理论 一系列
2．The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.人际关系网 印象
3．In the 1950s，an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically...
尝试 数学上地
4．In 1967，an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory，which he called the “small world problem”．He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
社会学家 随机的 样本 包裹
5．Amazingly，it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered，and once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.
令人惊讶的是 包裹 发布 两月一次的
6．The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.
涉及 目标
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
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Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is about the theory “Six Degrees of Separation” and its development in the past decades.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Who was the first to put forward the theory
A．Stanley Milgram. B．Frigyes Karinthy.
C．Kevin Bacon. D．Two college students.
2．What was the result of the attempt of the two scientists in the 1950s
A．Satisfying. B．Disappointing.
C．Inspiring. D．Fruitless.
3．What do we know about the television series Lost
A．It was about a plane crash where people all knew each other.
B．It explored the idea of “Six Degree of Separation”．
C．It was started by Kevin Bacon.
D．It won an Oscar.
4．How many experiments are mentioned in the passage
A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.
5．How is the passage mainly developed
A．By time order. B．By space order.
C．By cause and effect. D．By comparing.
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
Read the passage carefully and find out the sentences to describe the character.(细读短文并找出人物描写的句子)
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1．Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small world”？
2．Why do you think people study how people are connected
答案 Probably people want to study the structures of human society，the rules of human social activities，and how people are connected with each other.
Activity 3 长句突破 能力提升
分析下面句子结构并翻译：
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译文：研究表明，普通人只与7 至15 个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5 到10 个亲近的人身上。
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译文：米尔格拉姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。
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译文：电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇彼此，或曾遇见过其他人物认识的人。
达标检测
课文语法填空
“Six Degrees of Separation” refers 1. the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.It was first talked about in a book 2. (call) Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.In 1967，an American sociologist chose some people 3. (random) in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.Amazingly，it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels 4. (deliver)．It was this research 5. inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．In the last few decades，the name of the theory 6. (use) as the title of a play and then a film.Then，more films and TV programmes 7. (base) on the concept were made and broadcast，among 8. the Oscar winning film Babel and the television series Lost were 9. (particular) famous.In 2003，Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet.The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.The most recent experiment 10. (conduct) in 2011，which also confirmed the theory.
参考答案
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1. 答案 B
2. 答案 D
3. 答案 B
4. 答案 C
5. 答案 A
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
答案 (1)The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
(2)He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
(3)In the mid 1990s，two college students in the United States invented a game.
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1. 答案 Because they believed that any person on Earth could be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.In this sense the world is small.
2. 答案 Probably people want to study the structures of human society，the rules of human social activities，and how people are connected with each other.
达标检测
课文语法填空
1. to 2. called 3. randomly 4. delivered 5. that
6. has been used 7. based 8. which 9. particularly 10. was conducted
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 1 核心考点 讲练互动
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时或前面课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
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impression n．印象，感想
(1)leave/make a...impression on/upon...给……留下……印象(2)impress v．给……留下极深印象；使钦佩；使意识到impress sb.with/by...用……给某人留下深刻印象impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人记住……be impressed with/by...对……印象深刻(3)impressive adj.给人印象深刻的；令人钦佩的
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①You’ll have to play better than that if you really want to make a good impression on/upon the judges.
②One applicant in particular impressed us with/by her knowledge.
③The teacher impressed the importance of English on his students.
④The teachers were deeply impressed by/with his excellent performance in the competition.
⑤What was so impressive about Jasmine’s victory was that she came first in the Marathon bare footed.
[单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作]
①My first impression(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
②She was very impressive(impress) in the interview and would surely get the offer.
③We felt at home with her and were impressed with/by the depth of her knowledge.
④I had always impressed on/upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.
我总让孩子们牢记努力工作就会成功。
⑤他给面试者留下了很好的印象因此得到了这份工作。
He made/left a good impression on/upon the interviewer and was offered the job.
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random adj.随机的，随意的
1 at random 任意地，随机地 2 randomly 任意地，随机地
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①We received several answers，and we picked one at random to share with you.
②It is believed that the winning numbers are randomly selected by computer.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①A group of children were randomly(random) divided into two classes.
②I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.
③小孩子的言行常常是相当随意的。
Children’s words and actions are often fairly random.
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INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period Three-单元检测卷（一）\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
refer to 参考，查阅；涉及，提到；指的是(referred，referred，referring)
reference n.[C] & [U]提及；涉及；参考in/with reference to关于；根据……而论reference book参考书
①The hospital now refers to patients by name，not case number.
医院现在叫病人的名字，不叫病历号码了。
②The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without referring(refer) to his notes.
总统在商业会上脱稿讲了近一个小时。
③The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.
那位科学家在演讲中至少三次提到了全球气候变暖。
④In reference(refer) to your question about the cost，the tickets for the film are $35 each.
关于你询问的价格，那部电影的票价是每张35美元。
?theory n．理论，学说
(1)combine theory with practice理论与实践相结合in theory理论上(2)theoretical adj.理论上的；假设的(3)theoretically adv.理论上；假设
①It is an essential principle that we must combine theory with practice.
理论与实践相结合是个重要的原则。
②Scientists have many theories(theory) about how the universe came into being.
科学家们有很多关于宇宙是如何形成的理论。
③Your recommendation sounds fine in theory，but will it work in practice
你的提议理论上讲是不错的，但实践中是否行得通呢？
④This is certainly a theoretical(theory) risk but in practice there is seldom a problem.
这在理论上肯定有风险，但在实践中却很少出问题。
⑤Theoretically(theory)，people ought to make “healthy choices” and avoid overeating.
从理论上讲，人们应该做出“健康的选择”，避免暴饮暴食。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period Three-单元检测卷（一）\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET Amazingly，it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered，and once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.?
release vt.& n．发表，发布；释放，排放
1 release sb./sth.from...释放，放走；免除，解除 2 the release of...释放；解除
①Firefighters took two hours to release the man from the burning canteen.
消防员花了两个小时才将那个人从着火的餐厅里救出来。
②The government has been working to secure the release of the hostages.
政府一直在努力让人质获释。
[写出下列句子中release的汉语意思]
③Physical exercise is a good way of releasing mental stress.释放
④The new software is planned for release in April.发行
⑤The factory keeps releasing smoke，making the air dirtier and dirtier.排放
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Activity 1 规律探究
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1.The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s.2．In the 1950s，an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically.3．Once the parcel had been received by this person，he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.4．Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film.5．Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
方框中的句子用了被动语态，其中句1、句2、句4是一般过去时的被动语态，构成是was/were done；句3是过去完成时的被动语态，构成是had been done；句5是过去进行时的被动语态，构成是was/were being done。
Activity 2 语法精析
Passive Forms in the Past
英语的动词的语态可分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。
一、基本用法
被动语态有“be＋过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的差别在于be的不同时态形式。下面主要讲解三种表示过去的被动语态。
时态 构成
一般过去式 was/were done
过去进行时 was/were being done
过去完成时 had been done
Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.
全国各地的研究人员被召集到一起来开发这个新的体系。
To our shock，some new computers were stolen last night.
令我们震惊的是，昨晚一些新电脑被盗了。
We couldn’t use the reading room，because it was being repaired.
我们不能使用阅览室，因为它正在被修缮。
When we got to the cinema，all the tickets had been sold out.
我们到达电影院时，票已经售完。
二、如何变被动语态
主动语态在变为被动语态时，通常都是将原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语若为人称代词，要将其变为主格；原来的谓语变为“be＋过去分词”形式；原来的主语在被动句中由by引出，主语若为人称代词，要变为宾格，有时by短语可以省略。
Someone broke the window.→The window was broken by someone.有人打破了窗户。
Julia was drawing a picture.→A picture was being drawn by Julia.朱莉娅正在画一幅画。
Tom had finished his homework before his mother came back home.→Tom’s homework had been finished before his mother came back home.
妈妈回家前汤姆已经把作业写完了。
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1．“主语＋谓语＋双宾语”结构变为被动语态时，可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语作为被动句的主语，直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，句子又有两种：一种可以转化为带介词to的结构，一种可以转化为带介词for的结构。
She gave me a nice gift.→A nice gift was given to me by her./I was given a nice gift by her.
她给了我一件很漂亮的礼物。
My mother made me a nice cake.→A nice cake was made for me by my mother.
妈妈给我做了一个漂亮的蛋糕。
2．“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，应将主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语形式不变，但相应地成为主语补足语。不带to的不定式作宾语补足语在句子变为被动时要加上to(let除外)。
We made Mr White leader of the team.→Mr White was made leader of the team.
我们选怀特先生为队长。
You don’t have to make Peter work hard.→Peter doesn’t have to be made to work hard.
你没有必要逼迫彼得努力学习。
3．有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
have有 cost花费
lack缺少 own拥有
suit适合 hold容纳，装得下
fit适合 belong to属于
wish希望 suffer from遭受
take part in参加 date back to追溯到
4．不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
happen/take place/occur (to)发生
remain剩下 break out爆发
last持续 come out出版
come up被提出 lose heart失去信心
run out用完
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The head teacher said that all the preparations for the party (complete) before Friday.
2．The letters for the boss (put) on the desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.
3．She was a very strong， (impression) character and one of the most inspiring people I’d ever met.
4．People who don’t read newspaper are sometimes referred as non readers.
5．The book provides a (theory) answer to this question.
6．According to surveys，many (release) prisoners will commit some crime again.
7．Some journalists are guilty of (random) reporting scandal in order to make profits.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is better to read a few books carefully than to read many .
仔细地读几本书比随意地读许多书要好。
2．A thousand words will not so deep as one deed.
千言万语抵不上一次行动留下的印象深刻。
3．The bridge at this time last year，so we failed to pass it.
去年的这个时候这座桥正在被修建，因此我们没能通过。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.had been completed 2. were put 3. impressive 4. to 5. theoretical 6. released 7. randomly
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.randomly/at random
2.leave/make an impression
3.was being built
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【北师大版选择性必修四】Unit 10 Connections
类文赏读 话题导入
Strangers under the same roof
Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into a battle Have your once warm and open conversations become cold and guarded Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them1 on anything You are not alone.Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.
Teenagers’ physical changes may result in such family tensions2.You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends，shooting up3 in height or getting left far behind.You might worry about your changing voice，weight problems or spots.When it all gets too much，your parents are often the first targets of your anger.
It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.You enter a strange middle ground—no longer a small child but not quite an adult.You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.You feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on your own.Unfortunately，your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.“Why can’t they just let me go？” you may wonder.On the other hand，when you are struggling to control your feelings，you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you to act like an adult.All of this can lead to a breakdown4 in your relationship.
Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family，you can take action to improve the situation.The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication.When you disagree with your parents，take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view.Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain.After you have thought it through5，explain your actions and feelings calmly，listen carefully，and address their concerns.Through this kind of healthy discussion，you will learn when to back down6 and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent child tensions create，and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. The good news is that this stormy7 period will not last.Everything will turn out all right in the end，and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.
1．see eye to eye with sb.与某人看法一致
2．tension/′ten n/n.紧张关系；紧张；拉伸
3．shoot up快速长高，蹿个儿
4．breakdown/'breIkda n/n.(关系)破裂；故障
5．think sth.through充分考虑；想透
6．back down承认错误，认输
7．stormy/'st mi/adj.激烈争吵的
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1．Through this kind of healthy discussion，you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
通过这种健康的讨论，你会学会何时应该做出让步以及何时可以要求父母放松控制。
[句式分析] when to do结构作宾语。
2．Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent child tensions create，and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship.
只要记住，无法轻松应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的，并且你和父母可以共同努力，改善你们的关系。
[句式分析] 本句中出现了三个that引导的从句，其中第一和第三个是that引导的宾语从句；第二个是that引导的定语从句，先行词是stress。
Section Ⅰ ：Topic Talk & Lesson 1
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INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET Task 1:话题交流 场景模拟
汤姆和李华是初中同学，两人见面后对高中学校生活和同学相处进行了讨论。请根据提示完成对话。
Tom：Hello.Long time no see.
Li Hua：Hi，Tom.What’s your new school life like
Tom：Great.The new school has a big beautiful campus and 1.is equipped with advanced teaching equipment(配有先进的设备)．The teachers here are 2.knowledgeable(博学的) and generous.
Li Hua：What about your new classmates
Tom：Most of them 3.are quite easy to get along with(很好相处)．And I have made a lot of new friends here，one boy named Wang Lei 4.in particular(尤其；特别是)．
Li Hua：Oh,5.you must have a lot in common with each other(你们一定有很多共同点)．
Tom：Yes，both of us take an interest in football and we have played two games together.
Li Hua：Have you ever come into 6.conflict(冲突)
Tom：Seldom.But once we really had a misunderstanding.
Li Hua：What’s going on
Tom：In an English exam,7.he wanted me to help him cheat(他想让我帮他作弊)，but I refused，which made him annoyed.Fortunately，after my thoughtful explanation,8.he realized his mistake and made an apology to me(他意识到了自己的错误并且向我道了歉)．Since then we have got closer to each other.
Li Hua：You are 9.a qualified friend(一个合格的朋友)．There is a saying going that “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Wish your friendship last forever.
Tom：Thank you.
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英语听力测试不只是考查学生的英语听力，同时还会考查学生的临场应变能力、猜测能力、记忆能力等。平时还要多积累一些常见的话题词汇和话题句式。本单元的话题是人与人之间的交流与交际。
常见话题词汇：
1．friendship友谊；友情
2．relationship关系
3．misunderstanding误解
4．agree同意
5．reliable可靠的
6．association联系；社团
7．cooperate团结；合作
8．conversation谈话；交谈
9．keep in touch with与……保持联系
10．put oneself in other’s shoes换位思考
常见话题句式：
1．As the old saying goes，a friend in need is a friend indeed.
常言道，患难见真情。
2．Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn’t make a forest.” Our success is based on cooperating with others.
正如谚语所说，“独木难成林。”我们的成功是建立在与别人合作的基础上的。
3．Now that we all live under one roof，we should learn how to get along well with each other.
既然我们住在同一屋檐下，我们应该学会如何彼此和睦相处。
4．Ever since then，I have found that smiling is the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily life.
此后，我发现微笑是避免我们日常生活中发生冲突的最好办法。
5．It offers us chances to communicate with each other，which can help us exchange our learning and life experience.
它给我们提供了相互交流的机会，这可以帮助我们交流学习和生活经验。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\数学人教A版新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\米昕\\2021\\一轮\\数学 人教A版 新教材新高考\\左括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET 听力集训 INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\右括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\右括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\右括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\右括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\右括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\右括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\右括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\汇编待上传\\兼职汇编\\北师大版高中和英语选修第四册 已做完\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\右括.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
Ⅰ.Read the Text Builder carefully.Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the words or expressions you hear.
Ⅱ.Listen to the dialogue again and then choose the best answer.
1．What did Willa do last weekend
A．She was doing an experiment.
B．She was taking photos for her sister.
C．She was hanging out with her sister.
2．What is the relationship between Willa and her sister
A．She never has a quarrel with her sister.
B．They sometimes have conflicts but never for long.
C．They are always getting along well with each other.
1. 答案 C 2. 答案 B
Ⅲ.Listen to the dialogue on Page 7 and then choose the best answer.
1．What problem did Max have
A．He could not sleep well at night.
B．His neighbours were making too much disturbing noise in the evenings.
C．He has a disagreement with his neighbours.
2．How did he deal with the problem
A．He did nothing but felt angry with the noise.
B．He made an apology to his neighbours.
C．He told his neighbours his real feelings.
3．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Friends.
C．Boss and employee.
1. 答案 B
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 B
Ⅳ.Listen to the dialogue on P7 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
(A＝Ann M＝Max)
A：Max，are you still having problems with your 1.neighbours in Flat 304
M：No，not anymore，fortunately.We’ve 2.sorted out our problems now.
A：Oh good.What was the problem you were having with them，actually
M：Basically，they were making too much noise in their flat in the evenings and it was really 3.disturbing us.
A：Yes，I can imagine.
M：We didn’t want any 4.conflict with them at all.We want to have 5.friendly relationships with our neighbours，so we all have a good community 6.spirit.
A：I know.So，how did you 7.deal with the noise problem in the end
M：It was quite simple.Instead of staying in our flat，feeling angry about the noise，we 8.went over to their flat，told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they 9.apologised and said they would make less noise from then on.
A：And they did
M：Yes，that’s right.Now we 10.get on really well with each other.
语言学习
Topic Talk
核心考点 讲练互动 INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\目标三核心考点讲练互动.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\汇编待上传\\兼职汇编\\北师大版高中和英语选修第四册 已做完\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET (教材P6)conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 vi.冲突；抵触
(1)in conflict with 与……有冲突come into conflict with 与……产生冲突(2)conflict with 与……相冲突
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①The two countries have been in conflict with each other for decades.
②He often comes into conflict with his classmates，which annoys his parents.
③It’s obvious that our interests conflict with yours.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①They came into conflict with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel.
②We found that these results conflicted with earlier findings.
③John is often in conflict with his boss，which makes the boss unsatisfied with him.
约翰经常与他的老板发生争执，这使得老板对他非常不满意。
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(1)envy sb.sth.羡慕某人某事out of envy出于羡慕；出于妒忌with envy羡慕地；妒忌地(2)envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的be envious of羡慕/妒忌……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①How I envy her the pleasure she had during the summer holidays.
②They only say such unkind things about you out of envy，so don’t be annoyed.
③All his friends and relatives in the room looked at his new car with envy.
④Everyone was envious of his progress but didn’t realize how hard he had been working.
[单句语法填空]
①Learn to be truly happy for the success of others，rather than be envious(envy) of them.
②She looked with envy at her neighbour’s beautiful necklace.
③His colleagues admired him but they were envious of his public success.
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\汇编待上传\\兼职汇编\\北师大版高中和英语选修第四册 已做完\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park.?
hang out闲待，厮混
(1)hang out with与……经常在一起；与……闲逛(2)hang on 抓紧不放(～to)；坚持下去；不要挂断(hold on)hang up挂断(电话)(3)hang (hung，hung)悬挂；使低垂hang (hanged，hanged)(被)吊死；(被)绞死
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①When I hang out with my American friends，I’m always afraid to speak.
②It’s hard work，but if you hang on you’ll succeed in the end.
③Someone called me up just now，but he hung up before I could answer the phone.
[单句语法填空]
①There was a family photograph hanging(hang) on the wall in the hall.
②Hang on to the rope and don’t let go or you will fall into the deep valley.
③They say that who you hang out with says a lot about who you are.
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\汇编待上传\\兼职汇编\\北师大版高中和英语选修第四册 已做完\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET ...they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on.
apologis(z)e vi.道歉，谢罪
(1)apologis(z)e to sb. for (doing) sth.因为(做了)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n．道歉；歉意make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因为(做了)某事向某人道歉owe sb.an apology应该向某人道歉accept one’s apology接受某人的道歉
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①We apologis(z)e for the delay and regret any inconvenience it may have caused.
②I must make an apology to you for not going to your wedding party.
③I owe you an apology；you must have found my attitude very annoying.
④He accepted the apology with great generosity，which made me in relief.
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①If I have caused any offence over something I have written，I am willing to apologis(z)e(apology)．
②I apologis(z)e for not being able to join you for dinner in the canteen but I bring you a small present.
③I have an apology to make to you—I am afraid I opened your letter by mistake.
④我要为我早晨所说的话向你道歉。
→I owe you an apology for what I said this morning.
→I should make an apology to you for what I said this morning.
→I should apologis(z)e to you for what I said this morning.
易学考点 自主研读
(教材P6) encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
(1)an encouragement to sb.对某人的鼓励(2)encourage vt.鼓励；鼓舞(同义词：inspire)encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人去做某事encourage sb.in sth.在某方面鼓励某人(3)encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的；鼓励的
①She was given every encouragement to try something new.
她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。
②We are greatly encouraged by the positive response of the public to do(do) more charity work.
公众所持的肯定态度极大地鼓舞了我们为社会做更多的慈善工作。
③My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.
在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。
④This month’s unemployment figures are not very encouraging(encourage)．
这个月的失业统计数字不太乐观。
达标检测
提示：题干中加底纹的词汇是本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The two visitors came conflict with each other in the gallery.
2．They argue that being (envy) of another’s achievements is painful.
3．Thanks to your (encourage)，I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.
4．The boy’s parents want him to hang with his friends after school.
5．Write a letter to make apology and tell him your reasons why you cannot attend the party.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．John often his boss，which ruins his chance of getting promoted.约翰经常跟他的老板发生争执，因此破坏了他晋升的机会。
2．Don’t the runner in the lane next to you；just focus on finishing your race.不要妒忌你旁边跑道上的选手，只要专注于完成你的赛程就好。
3．The honor is for an artist’s career.
这项荣誉是对艺术家职业生涯的一个巨大鼓励。
4． ，but I had something really urgent to deal with.
我为迟到表示歉意，但我确实有些紧急事情要处理。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. into 2. envious 3. encouragement 4. out 5. an
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.comes into conflict with
2.be envious of
3.a great encouragement
4.I apologis(z)e for being late
Lesson 1
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测黑体词汇的汉语意思。
1．“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.指的是 理论 一系列
2．The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.人际关系网 印象
3．In the 1950s，an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically...
尝试 数学上地
4．In 1967，an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory，which he called the “small world problem”．He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
社会学家 随机的 样本 包裹
5．Amazingly，it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered，and once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.
令人惊讶的是 包裹 发布 两月一次的
6．The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.
涉及 目标
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\B1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\B1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is about the theory “Six Degrees of Separation” and its development in the past decades.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Who was the first to put forward the theory
A．Stanley Milgram. B．Frigyes Karinthy.
C．Kevin Bacon. D．Two college students.
2．What was the result of the attempt of the two scientists in the 1950s
A．Satisfying. B．Disappointing.
C．Inspiring. D．Fruitless.
3．What do we know about the television series Lost
A．It was about a plane crash where people all knew each other.
B．It explored the idea of “Six Degree of Separation”．
C．It was started by Kevin Bacon.
D．It won an Oscar.
4．How many experiments are mentioned in the passage
A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.
5．How is the passage mainly developed
A．By time order. B．By space order.
C．By cause and effect. D．By comparing.
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
Read the passage carefully and find out the sentences to describe the character.(细读短文并找出人物描写的句子)
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1．Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small world”？
2．Why do you think people study how people are connected
答案 Probably people want to study the structures of human society，the rules of human social activities，and how people are connected with each other.
Activity 3 长句突破 能力提升
分析下面句子结构并翻译：
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\B2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\B2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
译文：研究表明，普通人只与7 至15 个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5 到10 个亲近的人身上。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\B3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\B3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
译文：米尔格拉姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\B4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\B4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period One-Period Two\\B4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
译文：电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇彼此，或曾遇见过其他人物认识的人。
达标检测
课文语法填空
“Six Degrees of Separation” refers 1. the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.It was first talked about in a book 2. (call) Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.In 1967，an American sociologist chose some people 3. (random) in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.Amazingly，it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels 4. (deliver)．It was this research 5. inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．In the last few decades，the name of the theory 6. (use) as the title of a play and then a film.Then，more films and TV programmes 7. (base) on the concept were made and broadcast，among 8. the Oscar winning film Babel and the television series Lost were 9. (particular) famous.In 2003，Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet.The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.The most recent experiment 10. (conduct) in 2011，which also confirmed the theory.
参考答案
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1. 答案 B
2. 答案 D
3. 答案 B
4. 答案 C
5. 答案 A
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
答案 (1)The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
(2)He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
(3)In the mid 1990s，two college students in the United States invented a game.
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1. 答案 Because they believed that any person on Earth could be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.In this sense the world is small.
2. 答案 Probably people want to study the structures of human society，the rules of human social activities，and how people are connected with each other.
达标检测
课文语法填空
1. to 2. called 3. randomly 4. delivered 5. that
6. has been used 7. based 8. which 9. particularly 10. was conducted
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 1 核心考点 讲练互动
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时或前面课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period Three-单元检测卷（一）\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
impression n．印象，感想
(1)leave/make a...impression on/upon...给……留下……印象(2)impress v．给……留下极深印象；使钦佩；使意识到impress sb.with/by...用……给某人留下深刻印象impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人记住……be impressed with/by...对……印象深刻(3)impressive adj.给人印象深刻的；令人钦佩的
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①You’ll have to play better than that if you really want to make a good impression on/upon the judges.
②One applicant in particular impressed us with/by her knowledge.
③The teacher impressed the importance of English on his students.
④The teachers were deeply impressed by/with his excellent performance in the competition.
⑤What was so impressive about Jasmine’s victory was that she came first in the Marathon bare footed.
[单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作]
①My first impression(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
②She was very impressive(impress) in the interview and would surely get the offer.
③We felt at home with her and were impressed with/by the depth of her knowledge.
④I had always impressed on/upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.
我总让孩子们牢记努力工作就会成功。
⑤他给面试者留下了很好的印象因此得到了这份工作。
He made/left a good impression on/upon the interviewer and was offered the job.
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period Three-单元检测卷（一）\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
random adj.随机的，随意的
1 at random 任意地，随机地 2 randomly 任意地，随机地
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①We received several answers，and we picked one at random to share with you.
②It is believed that the winning numbers are randomly selected by computer.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①A group of children were randomly(random) divided into two classes.
②I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.
③小孩子的言行常常是相当随意的。
Children’s words and actions are often fairly random.
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\目标二易学考点自主研读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\目标二易学考点自主研读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标二易学考点自主研读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标二易学考点自主研读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\目标二易学考点自主研读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\目标二易学考点自主研读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET 易学考点 自主研读
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period Three-单元检测卷（一）\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
refer to 参考，查阅；涉及，提到；指的是(referred，referred，referring)
reference n.[C] & [U]提及；涉及；参考in/with reference to关于；根据……而论reference book参考书
①The hospital now refers to patients by name，not case number.
医院现在叫病人的名字，不叫病历号码了。
②The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without referring(refer) to his notes.
总统在商业会上脱稿讲了近一个小时。
③The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.
那位科学家在演讲中至少三次提到了全球气候变暖。
④In reference(refer) to your question about the cost，the tickets for the film are $35 each.
关于你询问的价格，那部电影的票价是每张35美元。
?theory n．理论，学说
(1)combine theory with practice理论与实践相结合in theory理论上(2)theoretical adj.理论上的；假设的(3)theoretically adv.理论上；假设
①It is an essential principle that we must combine theory with practice.
理论与实践相结合是个重要的原则。
②Scientists have many theories(theory) about how the universe came into being.
科学家们有很多关于宇宙是如何形成的理论。
③Your recommendation sounds fine in theory，but will it work in practice
你的提议理论上讲是不错的，但实践中是否行得通呢？
④This is certainly a theoretical(theory) risk but in practice there is seldom a problem.
这在理论上肯定有风险，但在实践中却很少出问题。
⑤Theoretically(theory)，people ought to make “healthy choices” and avoid overeating.
从理论上讲，人们应该做出“健康的选择”，避免暴饮暴食。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 10 Period Three-单元检测卷（一）\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET Amazingly，it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered，and once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.?
release vt.& n．发表，发布；释放，排放
1 release sb./sth.from...释放，放走；免除，解除 2 the release of...释放；解除
①Firefighters took two hours to release the man from the burning canteen.
消防员花了两个小时才将那个人从着火的餐厅里救出来。
②The government has been working to secure the release of the hostages.
政府一直在努力让人质获释。
[写出下列句子中release的汉语意思]
③Physical exercise is a good way of releasing mental stress.释放
④The new software is planned for release in April.发行
⑤The factory keeps releasing smoke，making the air dirtier and dirtier.排放
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Activity 1 规律探究
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1.The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s.2．In the 1950s，an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically.3．Once the parcel had been received by this person，he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.4．Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film.5．Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
方框中的句子用了被动语态，其中句1、句2、句4是一般过去时的被动语态，构成是was/were done；句3是过去完成时的被动语态，构成是had been done；句5是过去进行时的被动语态，构成是was/were being done。
Activity 2 语法精析
Passive Forms in the Past
英语的动词的语态可分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。
一、基本用法
被动语态有“be＋过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的差别在于be的不同时态形式。下面主要讲解三种表示过去的被动语态。
时态 构成
一般过去式 was/were done
过去进行时 was/were being done
过去完成时 had been done
Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.
全国各地的研究人员被召集到一起来开发这个新的体系。
To our shock，some new computers were stolen last night.
令我们震惊的是，昨晚一些新电脑被盗了。
We couldn’t use the reading room，because it was being repaired.
我们不能使用阅览室，因为它正在被修缮。
When we got to the cinema，all the tickets had been sold out.
我们到达电影院时，票已经售完。
二、如何变被动语态
主动语态在变为被动语态时，通常都是将原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语若为人称代词，要将其变为主格；原来的谓语变为“be＋过去分词”形式；原来的主语在被动句中由by引出，主语若为人称代词，要变为宾格，有时by短语可以省略。
Someone broke the window.→The window was broken by someone.有人打破了窗户。
Julia was drawing a picture.→A picture was being drawn by Julia.朱莉娅正在画一幅画。
Tom had finished his homework before his mother came back home.→Tom’s homework had been finished before his mother came back home.
妈妈回家前汤姆已经把作业写完了。
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1．“主语＋谓语＋双宾语”结构变为被动语态时，可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语作为被动句的主语，直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，句子又有两种：一种可以转化为带介词to的结构，一种可以转化为带介词for的结构。
She gave me a nice gift.→A nice gift was given to me by her./I was given a nice gift by her.
她给了我一件很漂亮的礼物。
My mother made me a nice cake.→A nice cake was made for me by my mother.
妈妈给我做了一个漂亮的蛋糕。
2．“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，应将主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语形式不变，但相应地成为主语补足语。不带to的不定式作宾语补足语在句子变为被动时要加上to(let除外)。
We made Mr White leader of the team.→Mr White was made leader of the team.
我们选怀特先生为队长。
You don’t have to make Peter work hard.→Peter doesn’t have to be made to work hard.
你没有必要逼迫彼得努力学习。
3．有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
have有 cost花费
lack缺少 own拥有
suit适合 hold容纳，装得下
fit适合 belong to属于
wish希望 suffer from遭受
take part in参加 date back to追溯到
4．不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
happen/take place/occur (to)发生
remain剩下 break out爆发
last持续 come out出版
come up被提出 lose heart失去信心
run out用完
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The head teacher said that all the preparations for the party (complete) before Friday.
2．The letters for the boss (put) on the desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.
3．She was a very strong， (impression) character and one of the most inspiring people I’d ever met.
4．People who don’t read newspaper are sometimes referred as non readers.
5．The book provides a (theory) answer to this question.
6．According to surveys，many (release) prisoners will commit some crime again.
7．Some journalists are guilty of (random) reporting scandal in order to make profits.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is better to read a few books carefully than to read many .
仔细地读几本书比随意地读许多书要好。
2．A thousand words will not so deep as one deed.
千言万语抵不上一次行动留下的印象深刻。
3．The bridge at this time last year，so we failed to pass it.
去年的这个时候这座桥正在被修建，因此我们没能通过。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.had been completed 2. were put 3. impressive 4. to 5. theoretical 6. released 7. randomly
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.randomly/at random
2.leave/make an impression
3.was being built
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- Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?
- Lesson 2 Community Spirit
- Lesson 3 Anne of Green Gables
- Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise
- Lesson 1 Living In a Community
- Lesson 2 Dealing with Conflict
- Lesson 3 War Memories
- Unit 12 Innovation
- Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs
- Lesson 2 Aha Moment
- Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking