新北师大选择性必修四Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise Lesson 1 Living In a Community精讲精练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 新北师大选择性必修四Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise Lesson 1 Living In a Community精讲精练（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
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【北师大版选择性必修四】Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise
类文赏读 话题导入
The D-DAY LANDINGS1
By spring 1944，the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years.But along the south coast of England，something unusual was happening：Allied2 troops3 made up mainly of British，Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.This marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation that had been months，perhaps years，in the planning.Code-named4 “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.After waiting for the perfect combination of weather，moon and tides，the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June.
An order issued by Supreme5 Allied Commander6 General Eisenhower to troops read：“Your task won’t be an easy one.Your enemy is well trained，well equipped and battle-hardened...But this is the year 1944...The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage，devotion to duty and skill in battle.We will accept nothing less than full Victory！”
With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day. At dawn on 6 June，thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.Meanwhile，thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy，protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.Their objective7 was clear：to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.But even in the depths of war，few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there.
The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The enemy were hiding，ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.Boats were hit and men drowned，while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire8. By mid-morning，hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：“I was the first one out.The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.All the ones in between were hit.Two were killed；three were injured.That’s how lucky you had to be.”
But，despite the high cost in human life，the D-Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.By the end of August 1944，the Allies had reached the River Seine，Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France.The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany，where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.
1．landing/'l ndI /n.(军队的)登陆
2．allied/' laId/adj.(第二次世界大战)同盟国的
3．troop/tru p/n.军队
4．code-name/'k d neIm/v.起代号为
5．supreme/s 'pri m/adj.最高的
6．commander/k 'mɑ nd /n.指挥官；长官
7．objective/ b′d ektIv/n.目的；目标
8．gunfire/'ɡ nfaI /n.炮火
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1．With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.
盟军士兵们耳边回荡着这些话，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句，包含一个what引导的宾语从句。With these words ringing in their ears是with复合结构作状语。
2．Boats were hit and men drowned，while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
船被击翻，一些人落水而亡， 而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的扫射。
[句式分析] 本句中while是并列连词，表示对比，who引导定语从句，先行词是those；make it to sp.意为“成功到达某地”。
Section Ⅰ ： Topic Talk&Lesson 1
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INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET Task 1:话题交流 场景模拟
李华不久前跟最好的朋友Todd因某事发生争吵，心情很沮丧，现在他向同桌Tom求助如何解决问题，修复两人的关系。请根据提示完成对话。
Tom：Hi，what’s wrong with you You are 1.looking disturbed(看起来心烦意乱) these days.
Li Hua：Yes.I 2.had an argument with(与……发生争执) my friend Todd the other day.I hope he isn’t angry with me now.
Tom：What happened
Li Hua：He had borrowed my English dictionary.I wanted it back，but he said he lost it and was going to buy me a new one but had no time.
Tom：Well，he 3.should have told you(本该告诉你)that in advance.
Li Hua：Yes，but I shouldn’t have got angry so quickly.He probably thought I didn’t trust him.
Tom：4.What do you intend to do(你打算怎么办)
Li Hua：I don’t know.Maybe I should give him a call and have a word with him.
Tom：You are right.Just talk with him about it.5.He probably feels the same as you do(他可能和你的感受一样)．
Li Hua：How I 6.regret(后悔) arguing with him.Before the argument，we often spent the weekend together.7.Whenever I got into trouble(我无论什么时候遇到困难)，I would turn to him for help.
Tom：I quite understand how you feel and I am sure you can clear the air.
Li Hua：Thanks a lot.I will go to 8.apologize to him(向他道歉) now.
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高考听力策略之科学判断推理。听力测试对考生的判断推理能力提出了一定要求。要求考生把握整体内容，概括总结对话的主旨和大意；要求考生根据听力内容或背景，推测相关具体内容， 如时间、地点、人物关系等。在判断推理过程中要注意以下内容：(1)防止以偏概全；(2)防止断章取义；(3)防止似是而非。本单元的话题是矛盾与冲突。
常见话题词汇：
1．conflict矛盾；冲突
2．compromise折中；妥协
3．debate辩论
4．quarrel争吵
5．forgive原谅
6．complain抱怨
7．make a phone call to apologise打电话道歉
8．negotiate with sb.与某人协商
9．put oneself in sb.’s place换位思考
10．keep company with sb.和某人结交
常见话题句式：
1．I am most unwilling to complain，but the service attitude of your assistant is really annoying.
我非常不愿意投诉，但是你们的店员的服务态度确实让人恼火。
2．I do hope that someone will take effective measures to deal with this matter.
我真的希望能有人采取有效的措施来解决这个问题。
3．Please forgive me for not being able to inform you in time.
请原谅我没能及时通知你。
4．I expressed my deepest regret over the misunderstanding between us.
我为我们之间的误会表示深深的遗憾。
5．I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
我真心希望你能接受我的道歉，并理解我的处境。
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Ⅰ.Read the Text Builder carefully.Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the expressions you hear.
Ⅱ.Listen to the dialogue again and then choose the best answer.
1．What’s the relationship between the two
A．Customer and Service agent.
B．Employer and employee.
C．Bank manager and client.
2．How did the two communicate
A．Online.
B．Face to face.
C．On the phone.
3．How did the customer feel at the end of the dialogue
A．Angry. B．Grateful. C．Upset.
1. 答案 A
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 B
Ⅲ.Listen to the dialogue on Page 29 and then choose the best answer.
1．What is the problem with Tim
A．He can’t concentrate on his study.
B．He is addicted to playing mobile games.
C．He is ashamed to admit his mistake.
2．How many pieces of advice did Mr Smith give to Tim
A．Two. B．One. C．Three.
3．What should Tim do when studying at home without his parents’ presence
A．Ask his classmates to remind him.
B．Set himself a goal and be self-controlled.
C．Turn off his mobile phone in case he wants to pick it up.
1. 答案 B
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 B
Ⅳ.Listen to the dialogue on Page 29 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(精听训练)
(T＝Tim S＝Mr Smith)
T：Hello，Mr Smith.I’m somewhat 1.annoyed with myself recently.I think I need some help.
S：Hi，Tim! Come and sit down.I’d like to listen to your problem and see what I can do.
T：I’m 2.ashamed to admit that I really struggle with myself about playing mobile games.When I sit down to study，I often intend to start by playing mobile games for a few minutes and once I do so，I cannot stop.After a while，I notice the time 3.passing quickly and this makes me feel guilty.But the next day，everything goes the same.It’s awful.
S：That’s completely 4.normal among teenagers，even among adults，and it’s perfectly understandable.So，don’t feel down.To have the courage to acknowledge this is already a sign of maturity.
T：Thank you，but what can I do to stop it
S：Firstly，I would like to 5.recommend studying in a library.This is because the library usually has good studying atmosphere，which will help you concentrate on your work.
T：That’s a really good idea.Seeing other students working hard will encourage me to work hard，too.But I won’t always be able to study in the library，so what should I do when I’m 6.at home
S：When you are at home，you can ask your mum or dad to help monitor you and make sure that you are working for 7.two hours after school every day.And I am sure your parents would be happy to help you.
T：Yes，I agree.But what should I do when they aren’t at home though
S：Good question! This is 8.where you need to adopt self-control and goal setting.Set a clear goal for every studying period.By assigning yourself a goal，you will know what you have to finish by the end of the time.And when you want to pick up your phone，keep telling yourself to 9.hold on for another ten minutes until finally you reach your goal.
T：Thanks，Mr Smith.I think your advice is 10.helpful.I’ll have a try.
语言学习
Topic Talk
核心考点 讲练互动
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?compromise n．妥协；和解；折中 v．妥协；让步；违背
reach/come to a compromise和解；达成妥协make a compromise with与……妥协/做出让步by compromise折中compromise with sb. on sth. 就某事与某人和解
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Encourage your children to reach a compromise between what they want and what you want.
②In order to live harmoniously，sometimes you need to make a compromise.
③Sometimes，it’s necessary to compromise with your friends if you want to keep the friendship.
[单句语法填空]
①It is quite difficult to make a compromise with someone who is annoyed.
②Most important of all，it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.
③He didn’t compromise with me on the kids’ education.
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ashamed adj.内疚的；惭愧的
(1)be/feel ashamed of因……感到惭愧be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事(2)shame n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事It’s a shame/pity that...……真让人遗憾What a shame/pity！真可惜！/真遗憾！
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①You should be ashamed of failing to finish the task as scheduled.
②I was once ashamed to admit my weakness，but now I have no such feeling.
③It’s a shame that you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often.
④What a shame/pity! She failed to be elected as chief editor of the bimonthly magazine.
[完成句子/单句写作]
①You should be ashamed of(因……而羞愧) your foolish behavior，which brought great sorrow to the little girl.
②She was ashamed to(耻于做……) hang out with her fellow friends，thinking they were too annoying.
③It is a shame/pity that(很遗憾) there are so many people who waste their time carelessly.
④真遗憾！我所有的努力都白费了，我几乎都想放弃了。
What a shame! All my efforts turn out to be in vain and I almost want to give up.
易学考点 自主研读
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negotiate vi.& vt.谈判；协商
(1)negotiate with sb.(for sth.)(为了……)与某人谈判/协商(2)negotiation n．谈判；协商
①The government successfully negotiated the release of the hostages.
政府成功地达成了释放人质的协议。
②We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but we’ll never negotiate with criminals.
我们准备好跟任何合法的政党协商，绝不会跟罪犯谈判。
③The rent is a matter of negotiation(negotiate) between the landlord and the tenant.
租金可以由房东和住户协商确定。
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annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的；烦恼的
(1)be annoyed with sb.生某人的气be annoyed at/about...因……而烦恼(2)annoy v．使恼怒；使生气(3)annoying adj.使人烦恼的；令人讨厌的
①It really annoys me when I see people dropping litter on campus.
看到人们在校园里乱扔垃圾我真的很生气。
②He must be annoyed with me for revealing that he cheated in the competition.
他一定生我气了，因为我说出了他在竞赛中作弊的事。
③You looked so angry in the cafeteria.What were you annoyed about
你在食堂里很生气，你为什么生气？
④I owe you an apology； you must have found my attitude very annoying(annoy)．
我应向你道歉，你一定觉得我的态度挺让人讨厌的。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They have always been negotiating the company for higher pay.
2．The two sides will never compromise each other so a further conflict is unavoidable.
3．Ashamed what he had done to his colleagues，he made a sincere apology and hoped to be forgiven.
4．He was beginning to get very (annoy) with me about my carelessness in my study.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I in front of so many people that day，but I had to release my sorrow.
那天当着那么多人的面哭真是太丢人，但是我需要释放我的悲伤。
2．Our parents on many things out of love.
很多时候父母出于对我们的爱而在许多事情上与我们妥协。
3．I the disturbing noise in our neighborhood.
邻里恼人的噪音确实让我很生气。
达标检测答案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.with 2. with 3. of 4. annoyed
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.was ashamed to sob
2.make a compromise with us
3.was really annoyed about/at
Lesson 1
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测黑体词汇的汉语意思。
1．We took a vote，and came to a resolution.We gave Ma Ming a warning.We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property.
投票 决定；解决 警告 停止；终止 房产；财产
2．Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health and，after such a chorus of complaints，we had to take action.齐声 抱怨；投诉
3．Ma Ming’s departure has pleased his neighbours.离开；起程
4．Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced against him.He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”．有成见的 愤愤不平的
5．Anyhow，I’m now looking for a remote house on the edge of the city.
尽管如此 偏远的 边缘；外围
6．McKay’s wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often.
礼貌而友善的 暴力行为；暴力 确实地
7．Unfortunately，the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKay’s floor，or too often，on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.阳台 无提防之心的，无疑心的
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the two reports quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Drummer Hits the Road Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many
People involved Ma Ming，a single 1.drummer；Ma Ming’s neighbors；the community council James McKay，an 80-year-old retired tailor；Laurene，McKay’s wife；Keith Smith，a 30-year-old keen 6.gardener and fish collector
Time On Saturday
Background Being a young single drummer，he often 2.held parties and drummed at night so his neighbors couldn’t sleep well. Smith lived above the McKays; Water often fell onto the balcony of the McKays when Smith watered his plants and cleaned his fish tanks; the McKays couldn’t get rid of the 7.smell of fish.
Conflict Ma Ming’s neighbors turned to the community council for help and they 3.took a vote and demanded that Ma ought to 4.cease drumming or leave the property. On James’ birthday，Smith emptied one of his fish tanks and water fell onto the McKays’ balcony again and both the McKays and 8.the cake were wet，which annoyed the old man and he 9.hit Smith over the head with his walking stick.
Result Ma Ming left the community and lives in a hotel now.Life goes back to 5.normal. Smith was not going to take things further and promised to 10.change his ways from now on.Many people came to celebrate James’ birthday and he was happy.
Ⅱ.Both of the two reports are about the conflicts between neighbors；one is because of the noise and the other is due to the water and fish smell.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
Read the two reports carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What did the community council do first about the conflict
A．They dismissed Ma Ming from the flat immediately.
B．They asked for opinions of the people in the community.
C．They demanded that the flat-owner should not rent the flat to him.
D．They warned Ma Ming to stop drumming.
2．What is the attitude of Ma Ming towards the conflict
A．He was angry for people considered his music as noise.
B．He was glad to leave the flat and live in a hotel.
C．He thought people were prejudiced against him.
D．He realized his mistake and was willing to make an apology.
3．Which word can be used to describe James McKay
A．Bad-tempered. B．Violent.
C．Easily-excited. D．Friendly.
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
1．Read the two reports carefully and find out the sentences to describe the character.(细读这两个报道并找出人物描写的句子)
2．Read the two reports carefully and find out the sentences to describe the mood.(细读这两个报道并找出心理描写的句子)
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1．What do you understand by the title “Drummer Hits the Road”？
2．Do you think the conflicts were well-resolved in the two reports What other ways can you think of to deal with the conflicts
Activity 3 长句突破 能力提升
分析下面句子结构并翻译：
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译文：房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
译文：迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，他平时是个平和、愉悦的人，是因为再三被淋湿，才会做出这种暴力的行为。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
译文：她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
译文：我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸，这时突然很多水从天而降，把我们都给浇湿了，就像穿着衣服洗了个澡一样！
达标检测
课文语法填空
The following are two reports，both of 1. are about the conflicts between neighbors.In the first report，a young drummer 2. (name) Ma Ming，rented a flat in a community，but as a single man，he often held parties and drummed at night，which annoyed his neighbors.So they asked the community council to take action.They took a vote and came to a resolution.They demanded that Ma Ming cease 3. (drum) or leave the property.At last，he chose to move and live in a hotel.
The 4. report is about the conflict between a 5. (retire) tailor,80-year-old James McKay and a keen gardener and fish collector，who lived above the McKays.One evening，on 6. tailor’s birthday，his wife made a delicious cake for him and they were enjoying the 7. (star) night on their balcony when the fish collector emptied one of his tanks over the balcony and both the tailor and his cake were wet through.He was so angry that he 8. (rush) upstairs and hit the trouble-maker over the head with his walking stick.As a consequence，he spent Saturday in a cell.Fortunately，the gardener was not going to take things 9. (far) with the police，so the old tailor was released from the police station.In the meantime，the gardener promised 10. (change) his ways from then on.
参考答案
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1. 答案 B
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 D
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
1. 答案 (1)Ma Ming，drummer for the rock band “Storm”，had to pack his bags.
(2)...while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，...
(3)He is a keen gardener，and also a fish collector.
(4)...when suddenly so much water would come from above that we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on!
2. 答案 (1)Ma Ming’s departure has pleased his neighbours.
(2)Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced against him.He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”．
(3)“Definitely the most exciting birthday ever！” said the cheerful old man.
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1. 答案 The drummer starts a journey to look for a proper house to stay in.
2. 答案 略
达标检测
课文语法填空
1. which 2. named 3. drumming 4. other 5. retired 6. the 7. starry 8. rushed 9. further 10. to change
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 1 核心考点 讲练互动
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET We took a vote，and came to a resolution.?
vote n．投票；票数；选票；表决 vt.& vi.投票；选举
vote for投票支持vote against投票反对vote on 就……投票表决vote to do sth.表决做某事
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn’t seem to matter very much.
你是投票赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎不太重要。
②The conference is now debating the motion and will vote on it shortly.
大会正在就提议进行辩论，稍后将就此表决。
③There were some disagreements about the new plan so we decided to vote to make the final decision.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①People vote against Henry who often tells lies.
②He was very happy when many supporters voted for him.
③As we can’t agree on this matter，let’s have a vote on it.
对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，让我们就此投票表决吧。
④Our family vote to turn to the lawyer for help.
我们家人表决同意向律师求助。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET McKay’s wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often.
?violence n．暴力行为；暴力
(1)with violence猛烈地；强有力地take...by violence强夺……(2)violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的；剧烈的；强烈的(3)violently adv.激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Only then did they decide to answer violence with violence and fight for their equal right.
②Tom was in violent pain.As a consequence，he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.
汤姆处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。
[单句语法填空]
①The incident brought the problem of violence(violent) in schools into sharp focus.
②The wind blew violently(violent) and the rain poured heavily so the climbers had to give up.
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.
?bother vt.& vi.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人
bother sb.with/about sth.因某事打扰或麻烦某人bother to do/doing sth.操心做某事It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①I am sorry to bother you with so many questions on such an inconvenient occasion.
②Mom，you don’t bother to get dinner for me today，because I’ll eat out.
③It bothers me that my parents are always monitoring me all day.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Why bother asking/to ask(ask) if you’re not really interested
②I don’t want to bother mom with/about my problems at the moment.
③It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里我便坐立不安。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him.
?if 引导的虚拟条件句
if引导的虚拟条件句分三种情况：(1)与现在事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were), 主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。(2)与过去事实相反，从句用had done，主句用would/should/could/might have done。(3)与将来事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)/were to do/should＋动词原形，主句用would/should/might/could＋动词原形。注意：有时条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综虚拟语气。此时主从句动词的形式应根据各自所表示的时间进行调整。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①If you studied in our school，you would enjoy the friendly atmosphere.
②If she had been aware that these mushrooms were poisonous，she would not have picked them for dinner.
③If everyone decided to be cloned，there would be a population explosion.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①If you kept(keep) your room tidy，then it wouldn’t bother me so long to clean it.
②If we had booked(book) a table earlier，we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
③If I were you(如果我是你)，I would give him some encouragement rather than annoying scolding.
④If you had worked hard before，you would have been promoted(你就会被提拔了)．
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He could no longer tolerate it.
?tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
1 tolerate doing sth.容忍做某事 2 tolerance n.容忍；忍受表示“容忍；忍受”的动词 短语 还有：bear，stand和put up with等。
①I can tolerate the house being untidy，but I hate it if it is not clean.
我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏乱不堪。
②We should have a policy of zero tolerance(tolerate) for the problem of food safety.
我们应该对食品安全问题采取决不容忍的政策。
③No one can tolerate being bothered(bother) so frequently with such things.
没人能忍受频繁被这种事情烦扰。
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Activity 1 规律探究
感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题。
1.She can speak English though she is six.2.They must be in the classroom.3.The young man can’t carry the big stone.4.You will do as I told you.
(1)方框中的黑体词为情态动词，这类词本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语动词，一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。
(2)构成否定句时，not放在情态动词后面。
(3)情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。
Activity 2 语法精析
Modal Verbs(情态动词)
一、情态动词的概念
情态动词(Modal Verbs)本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，如命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。情态动词有词义但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语动词，一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。
二、情态动词的特征
1．情态动词后面一般直接加动词原形，除ought＋to do sth.；
2．情态动词没有人称和数的变化，第三人称单数的现在时也无变化；
3．情态动词没有非谓语形式；即没有不定式、动名词或分词形式；
4．情态动词只有现在式和过去式两种形式，但可以表示现在、过去和将来时间。
三、情态动词的用法
1.can与could的用法
(1)表示能力：can用来表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。(2)表示请求和许可：could语气比can委婉，但回答时只能用can。(3)表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。
I can play basketball now，but I couldn’t when I was young.
现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。
—Can/Could you lend me a hand
—Yes，I can.
——你能帮我一下吗？
——我能。
—Can he be in the reading room now
—No，he can’t be in it.Because I saw him in the office just now.
——他现在可能在阅览室吗？
——不，他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。
I think some advertisements can be quite dangerous.
我认为有些广告可能会非常有害。
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can 用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力。
be able to 用于各种时态，表示经过努力后所具有的能力。
Babies can swim when they are born.
婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)
Without his hard work，he was not able to get good grades.
如果没有他的努力工作，他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力)
2．may与might的用法
(1)表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)。(2)表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。(3)may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
—May I come in
—Yes，you may/can.
——我可以进来吗？
——是的，你可以进来。
It may/might rain this afternoon.You’d better take a raincoat with you.
今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。
May you have a good journey！祝你旅途愉快！
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—May I take this book out of the reading room
—No，you mustn’t.
——我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗？
——不行。
3．ought to的用法
(1)ought to“应该”，表示责任或义务。用于表示按道理应当，常指客观的义务或责任，大多数情况下可用should代替，但比should语气重。(2)ought to“应该”，表示劝告、建议或命令。should和ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。ought to的否定式为oughtn’t to或ought not to。(3)ought to“应该”，表示推测。可与should换用。
You ought to follow the old man’s advice.
你应当听那位老人的建议。
You ought to go to the clinic at once.You don’t look well.你脸色不好，应该马上到医务室去。
This is where the oil ought to/should be.
这里应该就是石油存在的地方。
4．must的用法
(1)表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。(2)表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。(3)表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。(4)must not表示禁止，意思是“不许”“不准”“不可以”等。
All the students must obey the school rules.
所有学生必须遵守校规。
Betty must be in the next room.I can hear her talking there.
贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。
Must you make so much noise when I have a rest
你非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗？
You mustn’t stop your car in the busy street.
你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。
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回答must问句时，肯定回答多用must；否定回答多用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock
—Yes，you must.(No，you needn’t.或you don’t have to.)
——我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？
——是的，必须。(不，没必要。)
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(1)have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to。
(2)have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。
It’s too late.I have to go home now.
天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。
You don’t have to finish the work now.
你现在没有必要完成这项工作。
You must cut down on smoking.
你必须少抽些烟。
5．dare的用法
(1)dare可用作实义动词和情态动词，用作情态动词时，意思是“敢”，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及条件句中，一般不用于肯定句。(2)dare用作实义动词时意为“敢于”，可以有各种词形变化，可用于各类句型(肯定句、否定句、疑问句及各类从句等)，其后多接带 to 的不定式，有时 to 也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句)，可用于非谓语形式、完成时态等。(3)情态动词dare可以有过去式dared，但也可以直接用dare表示过去式。
I don’t know whether he dare try.
我不知他是否敢试一试。
Dare you tell her the truth
你敢告诉她事实真相吗？
I daren’t ask her for a rise.
我不敢要求她加薪。
I wonder how he dares to say such things.
我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。
Did he dare to tell her？他敢告诉她吗？
We don’t dare (to) say anything.
我们什么也不敢说。
四、“情态动词＋have done”的用法
“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去事情的推测或者表示虚拟语气。各情态动词的这种具体用法如下表：
can’t/couldn’t have done 过去一定未做(表推测)
must have done 过去一定做了(表推测)
may/might have done 过去也许做了(表推测)
could have done 本能做而未做(表虚拟)
should/ought to have done 本该做而未做(表虚拟)
needn’t have done 本不必做而做了(表虚拟)
He can’t/couldn’t have watched TV last night，for he knew he would have a test.
昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。
From what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。
You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them.你本应该早点告诉我，不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。
They could have sent up the satellite successfully.
他们本来有能力成功发射这颗卫星的。
I needn’t have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry.
我本不必做这么多吃的，大家都不饿。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To our delight，all the delegates present at the conference voted the proposal.
2．I can’t tolerate (work) with Kate in the same office.She just refuses to stop talking while she works.
3．He won’t come，so why bother (invite) him
4．I would have passed the examination if I (take) your advice and worked hard before.
5．They should (arrive) at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
Ⅱ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．You be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
2．If you go，at least wait until the storm is over.
3．I come to the party with you，but I am not sure.
4．Tom comes from Australia；he speak English very well.
5．I have no bike，so I go to the office on foot.
6．Bob not to speak to his mother like that.
达标检测答案：
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.for 2. working 3. inviting/to invite 4. had taken 5. have arrived
Ⅱ.用适当的情态动词填空
2.must 2. must 3. may 4. can 5. have to 6. ought
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【北师大版选择性必修四】Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise
类文赏读 话题导入
The D-DAY LANDINGS1
By spring 1944，the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years.But along the south coast of England，something unusual was happening：Allied2 troops3 made up mainly of British，Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.This marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation that had been months，perhaps years，in the planning.Code-named4 “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.After waiting for the perfect combination of weather，moon and tides，the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June.
An order issued by Supreme5 Allied Commander6 General Eisenhower to troops read：“Your task won’t be an easy one.Your enemy is well trained，well equipped and battle-hardened...But this is the year 1944...The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage，devotion to duty and skill in battle.We will accept nothing less than full Victory！”
With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day. At dawn on 6 June，thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.Meanwhile，thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy，protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.Their objective7 was clear：to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.But even in the depths of war，few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there.
The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The enemy were hiding，ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.Boats were hit and men drowned，while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire8. By mid-morning，hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：“I was the first one out.The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.All the ones in between were hit.Two were killed；three were injured.That’s how lucky you had to be.”
But，despite the high cost in human life，the D-Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.By the end of August 1944，the Allies had reached the River Seine，Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France.The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany，where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.
1．landing/'l ndI /n.(军队的)登陆
2．allied/' laId/adj.(第二次世界大战)同盟国的
3．troop/tru p/n.军队
4．code-name/'k d neIm/v.起代号为
5．supreme/s 'pri m/adj.最高的
6．commander/k 'mɑ nd /n.指挥官；长官
7．objective/ b′d ektIv/n.目的；目标
8．gunfire/'ɡ nfaI /n.炮火
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1．With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.
盟军士兵们耳边回荡着这些话，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句，包含一个what引导的宾语从句。With these words ringing in their ears是with复合结构作状语。
2．Boats were hit and men drowned，while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
船被击翻，一些人落水而亡， 而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的扫射。
[句式分析] 本句中while是并列连词，表示对比，who引导定语从句，先行词是those；make it to sp.意为“成功到达某地”。
Section Ⅰ ： Topic Talk&Lesson 1
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李华不久前跟最好的朋友Todd因某事发生争吵，心情很沮丧，现在他向同桌Tom求助如何解决问题，修复两人的关系。请根据提示完成对话。
Tom：Hi，what’s wrong with you You are 1.looking disturbed(看起来心烦意乱) these days.
Li Hua：Yes.I 2.had an argument with(与……发生争执) my friend Todd the other day.I hope he isn’t angry with me now.
Tom：What happened
Li Hua：He had borrowed my English dictionary.I wanted it back，but he said he lost it and was going to buy me a new one but had no time.
Tom：Well，he 3.should have told you(本该告诉你)that in advance.
Li Hua：Yes，but I shouldn’t have got angry so quickly.He probably thought I didn’t trust him.
Tom：4.What do you intend to do(你打算怎么办)
Li Hua：I don’t know.Maybe I should give him a call and have a word with him.
Tom：You are right.Just talk with him about it.5.He probably feels the same as you do(他可能和你的感受一样)．
Li Hua：How I 6.regret(后悔) arguing with him.Before the argument，we often spent the weekend together.7.Whenever I got into trouble(我无论什么时候遇到困难)，I would turn to him for help.
Tom：I quite understand how you feel and I am sure you can clear the air.
Li Hua：Thanks a lot.I will go to 8.apologize to him(向他道歉) now.
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高考听力策略之科学判断推理。听力测试对考生的判断推理能力提出了一定要求。要求考生把握整体内容，概括总结对话的主旨和大意；要求考生根据听力内容或背景，推测相关具体内容， 如时间、地点、人物关系等。在判断推理过程中要注意以下内容：(1)防止以偏概全；(2)防止断章取义；(3)防止似是而非。本单元的话题是矛盾与冲突。
常见话题词汇：
1．conflict矛盾；冲突
2．compromise折中；妥协
3．debate辩论
4．quarrel争吵
5．forgive原谅
6．complain抱怨
7．make a phone call to apologise打电话道歉
8．negotiate with sb.与某人协商
9．put oneself in sb.’s place换位思考
10．keep company with sb.和某人结交
常见话题句式：
1．I am most unwilling to complain，but the service attitude of your assistant is really annoying.
我非常不愿意投诉，但是你们的店员的服务态度确实让人恼火。
2．I do hope that someone will take effective measures to deal with this matter.
我真的希望能有人采取有效的措施来解决这个问题。
3．Please forgive me for not being able to inform you in time.
请原谅我没能及时通知你。
4．I expressed my deepest regret over the misunderstanding between us.
我为我们之间的误会表示深深的遗憾。
5．I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
我真心希望你能接受我的道歉，并理解我的处境。
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Ⅰ.Read the Text Builder carefully.Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the expressions you hear.
Ⅱ.Listen to the dialogue again and then choose the best answer.
1．What’s the relationship between the two
A．Customer and Service agent.
B．Employer and employee.
C．Bank manager and client.
2．How did the two communicate
A．Online.
B．Face to face.
C．On the phone.
3．How did the customer feel at the end of the dialogue
A．Angry. B．Grateful. C．Upset.
1. 答案 A
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 B
Ⅲ.Listen to the dialogue on Page 29 and then choose the best answer.
1．What is the problem with Tim
A．He can’t concentrate on his study.
B．He is addicted to playing mobile games.
C．He is ashamed to admit his mistake.
2．How many pieces of advice did Mr Smith give to Tim
A．Two. B．One. C．Three.
3．What should Tim do when studying at home without his parents’ presence
A．Ask his classmates to remind him.
B．Set himself a goal and be self-controlled.
C．Turn off his mobile phone in case he wants to pick it up.
1. 答案 B
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 B
Ⅳ.Listen to the dialogue on Page 29 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(精听训练)
(T＝Tim S＝Mr Smith)
T：Hello，Mr Smith.I’m somewhat 1.annoyed with myself recently.I think I need some help.
S：Hi，Tim! Come and sit down.I’d like to listen to your problem and see what I can do.
T：I’m 2.ashamed to admit that I really struggle with myself about playing mobile games.When I sit down to study，I often intend to start by playing mobile games for a few minutes and once I do so，I cannot stop.After a while，I notice the time 3.passing quickly and this makes me feel guilty.But the next day，everything goes the same.It’s awful.
S：That’s completely 4.normal among teenagers，even among adults，and it’s perfectly understandable.So，don’t feel down.To have the courage to acknowledge this is already a sign of maturity.
T：Thank you，but what can I do to stop it
S：Firstly，I would like to 5.recommend studying in a library.This is because the library usually has good studying atmosphere，which will help you concentrate on your work.
T：That’s a really good idea.Seeing other students working hard will encourage me to work hard，too.But I won’t always be able to study in the library，so what should I do when I’m 6.at home
S：When you are at home，you can ask your mum or dad to help monitor you and make sure that you are working for 7.two hours after school every day.And I am sure your parents would be happy to help you.
T：Yes，I agree.But what should I do when they aren’t at home though
S：Good question! This is 8.where you need to adopt self-control and goal setting.Set a clear goal for every studying period.By assigning yourself a goal，you will know what you have to finish by the end of the time.And when you want to pick up your phone，keep telling yourself to 9.hold on for another ten minutes until finally you reach your goal.
T：Thanks，Mr Smith.I think your advice is 10.helpful.I’ll have a try.
语言学习
Topic Talk
核心考点 讲练互动
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?compromise n．妥协；和解；折中 v．妥协；让步；违背
reach/come to a compromise和解；达成妥协make a compromise with与……妥协/做出让步by compromise折中compromise with sb. on sth. 就某事与某人和解
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Encourage your children to reach a compromise between what they want and what you want.
②In order to live harmoniously，sometimes you need to make a compromise.
③Sometimes，it’s necessary to compromise with your friends if you want to keep the friendship.
[单句语法填空]
①It is quite difficult to make a compromise with someone who is annoyed.
②Most important of all，it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.
③He didn’t compromise with me on the kids’ education.
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ashamed adj.内疚的；惭愧的
(1)be/feel ashamed of因……感到惭愧be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事(2)shame n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事It’s a shame/pity that...……真让人遗憾What a shame/pity！真可惜！/真遗憾！
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①You should be ashamed of failing to finish the task as scheduled.
②I was once ashamed to admit my weakness，but now I have no such feeling.
③It’s a shame that you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often.
④What a shame/pity! She failed to be elected as chief editor of the bimonthly magazine.
[完成句子/单句写作]
①You should be ashamed of(因……而羞愧) your foolish behavior，which brought great sorrow to the little girl.
②She was ashamed to(耻于做……) hang out with her fellow friends，thinking they were too annoying.
③It is a shame/pity that(很遗憾) there are so many people who waste their time carelessly.
④真遗憾！我所有的努力都白费了，我几乎都想放弃了。
What a shame! All my efforts turn out to be in vain and I almost want to give up.
易学考点 自主研读
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negotiate vi.& vt.谈判；协商
(1)negotiate with sb.(for sth.)(为了……)与某人谈判/协商(2)negotiation n．谈判；协商
①The government successfully negotiated the release of the hostages.
政府成功地达成了释放人质的协议。
②We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but we’ll never negotiate with criminals.
我们准备好跟任何合法的政党协商，绝不会跟罪犯谈判。
③The rent is a matter of negotiation(negotiate) between the landlord and the tenant.
租金可以由房东和住户协商确定。
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annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的；烦恼的
(1)be annoyed with sb.生某人的气be annoyed at/about...因……而烦恼(2)annoy v．使恼怒；使生气(3)annoying adj.使人烦恼的；令人讨厌的
①It really annoys me when I see people dropping litter on campus.
看到人们在校园里乱扔垃圾我真的很生气。
②He must be annoyed with me for revealing that he cheated in the competition.
他一定生我气了，因为我说出了他在竞赛中作弊的事。
③You looked so angry in the cafeteria.What were you annoyed about
你在食堂里很生气，你为什么生气？
④I owe you an apology； you must have found my attitude very annoying(annoy)．
我应向你道歉，你一定觉得我的态度挺让人讨厌的。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They have always been negotiating the company for higher pay.
2．The two sides will never compromise each other so a further conflict is unavoidable.
3．Ashamed what he had done to his colleagues，he made a sincere apology and hoped to be forgiven.
4．He was beginning to get very (annoy) with me about my carelessness in my study.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I in front of so many people that day，but I had to release my sorrow.
那天当着那么多人的面哭真是太丢人，但是我需要释放我的悲伤。
2．Our parents on many things out of love.
很多时候父母出于对我们的爱而在许多事情上与我们妥协。
3．I the disturbing noise in our neighborhood.
邻里恼人的噪音确实让我很生气。
达标检测答案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.with 2. with 3. of 4. annoyed
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.was ashamed to sob
2.make a compromise with us
3.was really annoyed about/at
Lesson 1
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测黑体词汇的汉语意思。
1．We took a vote，and came to a resolution.We gave Ma Ming a warning.We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property.
投票 决定；解决 警告 停止；终止 房产；财产
2．Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health and，after such a chorus of complaints，we had to take action.齐声 抱怨；投诉
3．Ma Ming’s departure has pleased his neighbours.离开；起程
4．Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced against him.He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”．有成见的 愤愤不平的
5．Anyhow，I’m now looking for a remote house on the edge of the city.
尽管如此 偏远的 边缘；外围
6．McKay’s wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often.
礼貌而友善的 暴力行为；暴力 确实地
7．Unfortunately，the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKay’s floor，or too often，on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.阳台 无提防之心的，无疑心的
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the two reports quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Drummer Hits the Road Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many
People involved Ma Ming，a single 1.drummer；Ma Ming’s neighbors；the community council James McKay，an 80-year-old retired tailor；Laurene，McKay’s wife；Keith Smith，a 30-year-old keen 6.gardener and fish collector
Time On Saturday
Background Being a young single drummer，he often 2.held parties and drummed at night so his neighbors couldn’t sleep well. Smith lived above the McKays; Water often fell onto the balcony of the McKays when Smith watered his plants and cleaned his fish tanks; the McKays couldn’t get rid of the 7.smell of fish.
Conflict Ma Ming’s neighbors turned to the community council for help and they 3.took a vote and demanded that Ma ought to 4.cease drumming or leave the property. On James’ birthday，Smith emptied one of his fish tanks and water fell onto the McKays’ balcony again and both the McKays and 8.the cake were wet，which annoyed the old man and he 9.hit Smith over the head with his walking stick.
Result Ma Ming left the community and lives in a hotel now.Life goes back to 5.normal. Smith was not going to take things further and promised to 10.change his ways from now on.Many people came to celebrate James’ birthday and he was happy.
Ⅱ.Both of the two reports are about the conflicts between neighbors；one is because of the noise and the other is due to the water and fish smell.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
Read the two reports carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What did the community council do first about the conflict
A．They dismissed Ma Ming from the flat immediately.
B．They asked for opinions of the people in the community.
C．They demanded that the flat-owner should not rent the flat to him.
D．They warned Ma Ming to stop drumming.
2．What is the attitude of Ma Ming towards the conflict
A．He was angry for people considered his music as noise.
B．He was glad to leave the flat and live in a hotel.
C．He thought people were prejudiced against him.
D．He realized his mistake and was willing to make an apology.
3．Which word can be used to describe James McKay
A．Bad-tempered. B．Violent.
C．Easily-excited. D．Friendly.
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
1．Read the two reports carefully and find out the sentences to describe the character.(细读这两个报道并找出人物描写的句子)
2．Read the two reports carefully and find out the sentences to describe the mood.(细读这两个报道并找出心理描写的句子)
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1．What do you understand by the title “Drummer Hits the Road”？
2．Do you think the conflicts were well-resolved in the two reports What other ways can you think of to deal with the conflicts
Activity 3 长句突破 能力提升
分析下面句子结构并翻译：
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译文：房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\B11.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
译文：迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，他平时是个平和、愉悦的人，是因为再三被淋湿，才会做出这种暴力的行为。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\B12.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
译文：她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\B12A.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
译文：我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸，这时突然很多水从天而降，把我们都给浇湿了，就像穿着衣服洗了个澡一样！
达标检测
课文语法填空
The following are two reports，both of 1. are about the conflicts between neighbors.In the first report，a young drummer 2. (name) Ma Ming，rented a flat in a community，but as a single man，he often held parties and drummed at night，which annoyed his neighbors.So they asked the community council to take action.They took a vote and came to a resolution.They demanded that Ma Ming cease 3. (drum) or leave the property.At last，he chose to move and live in a hotel.
The 4. report is about the conflict between a 5. (retire) tailor,80-year-old James McKay and a keen gardener and fish collector，who lived above the McKays.One evening，on 6. tailor’s birthday，his wife made a delicious cake for him and they were enjoying the 7. (star) night on their balcony when the fish collector emptied one of his tanks over the balcony and both the tailor and his cake were wet through.He was so angry that he 8. (rush) upstairs and hit the trouble-maker over the head with his walking stick.As a consequence，he spent Saturday in a cell.Fortunately，the gardener was not going to take things 9. (far) with the police，so the old tailor was released from the police station.In the meantime，the gardener promised 10. (change) his ways from then on.
参考答案
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1. 答案 B
2. 答案 C
3. 答案 D
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
1. 答案 (1)Ma Ming，drummer for the rock band “Storm”，had to pack his bags.
(2)...while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，...
(3)He is a keen gardener，and also a fish collector.
(4)...when suddenly so much water would come from above that we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on!
2. 答案 (1)Ma Ming’s departure has pleased his neighbours.
(2)Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced against him.He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”．
(3)“Definitely the most exciting birthday ever！” said the cheerful old man.
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1. 答案 The drummer starts a journey to look for a proper house to stay in.
2. 答案 略
达标检测
课文语法填空
1. which 2. named 3. drumming 4. other 5. retired 6. the 7. starry 8. rushed 9. further 10. to change
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 1 核心考点 讲练互动
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET We took a vote，and came to a resolution.?
vote n．投票；票数；选票；表决 vt.& vi.投票；选举
vote for投票支持vote against投票反对vote on 就……投票表决vote to do sth.表决做某事
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn’t seem to matter very much.
你是投票赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎不太重要。
②The conference is now debating the motion and will vote on it shortly.
大会正在就提议进行辩论，稍后将就此表决。
③There were some disagreements about the new plan so we decided to vote to make the final decision.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①People vote against Henry who often tells lies.
②He was very happy when many supporters voted for him.
③As we can’t agree on this matter，let’s have a vote on it.
对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，让我们就此投票表决吧。
④Our family vote to turn to the lawyer for help.
我们家人表决同意向律师求助。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET McKay’s wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often.
?violence n．暴力行为；暴力
(1)with violence猛烈地；强有力地take...by violence强夺……(2)violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的；剧烈的；强烈的(3)violently adv.激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Only then did they decide to answer violence with violence and fight for their equal right.
②Tom was in violent pain.As a consequence，he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.
汤姆处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。
[单句语法填空]
①The incident brought the problem of violence(violent) in schools into sharp focus.
②The wind blew violently(violent) and the rain poured heavily so the climbers had to give up.
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.
?bother vt.& vi.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人
bother sb.with/about sth.因某事打扰或麻烦某人bother to do/doing sth.操心做某事It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①I am sorry to bother you with so many questions on such an inconvenient occasion.
②Mom，you don’t bother to get dinner for me today，because I’ll eat out.
③It bothers me that my parents are always monitoring me all day.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Why bother asking/to ask(ask) if you’re not really interested
②I don’t want to bother mom with/about my problems at the moment.
③It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里我便坐立不安。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\源文件\\北师大版 选择性必修第四册\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张春兰\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师大（京闽粤）选择性必修第四册\\word\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\米昕\\2021\\同步\\0看PPT\\英语 北师大版 选择性必修第四册 京闽粤（新教材）\\全书完整的Word版文档\\UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第四册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\【配套Word版文档】Unit 11\\4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him.
?if 引导的虚拟条件句
if引导的虚拟条件句分三种情况：(1)与现在事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were), 主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。(2)与过去事实相反，从句用had done，主句用would/should/could/might have done。(3)与将来事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)/were to do/should＋动词原形，主句用would/should/might/could＋动词原形。注意：有时条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综虚拟语气。此时主从句动词的形式应根据各自所表示的时间进行调整。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①If you studied in our school，you would enjoy the friendly atmosphere.
②If she had been aware that these mushrooms were poisonous，she would not have picked them for dinner.
③If everyone decided to be cloned，there would be a population explosion.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①If you kept(keep) your room tidy，then it wouldn’t bother me so long to clean it.
②If we had booked(book) a table earlier，we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
③If I were you(如果我是你)，I would give him some encouragement rather than annoying scolding.
④If you had worked hard before，you would have been promoted(你就会被提拔了)．
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He could no longer tolerate it.
?tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
1 tolerate doing sth.容忍做某事 2 tolerance n.容忍；忍受表示“容忍；忍受”的动词 短语 还有：bear，stand和put up with等。
①I can tolerate the house being untidy，but I hate it if it is not clean.
我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏乱不堪。
②We should have a policy of zero tolerance(tolerate) for the problem of food safety.
我们应该对食品安全问题采取决不容忍的政策。
③No one can tolerate being bothered(bother) so frequently with such things.
没人能忍受频繁被这种事情烦扰。
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Activity 1 规律探究
感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题。
1.She can speak English though she is six.2.They must be in the classroom.3.The young man can’t carry the big stone.4.You will do as I told you.
(1)方框中的黑体词为情态动词，这类词本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语动词，一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。
(2)构成否定句时，not放在情态动词后面。
(3)情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。
Activity 2 语法精析
Modal Verbs(情态动词)
一、情态动词的概念
情态动词(Modal Verbs)本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，如命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。情态动词有词义但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语动词，一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。
二、情态动词的特征
1．情态动词后面一般直接加动词原形，除ought＋to do sth.；
2．情态动词没有人称和数的变化，第三人称单数的现在时也无变化；
3．情态动词没有非谓语形式；即没有不定式、动名词或分词形式；
4．情态动词只有现在式和过去式两种形式，但可以表示现在、过去和将来时间。
三、情态动词的用法
1.can与could的用法
(1)表示能力：can用来表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。(2)表示请求和许可：could语气比can委婉，但回答时只能用can。(3)表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。
I can play basketball now，but I couldn’t when I was young.
现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。
—Can/Could you lend me a hand
—Yes，I can.
——你能帮我一下吗？
——我能。
—Can he be in the reading room now
—No，he can’t be in it.Because I saw him in the office just now.
——他现在可能在阅览室吗？
——不，他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。
I think some advertisements can be quite dangerous.
我认为有些广告可能会非常有害。
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can 用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力。
be able to 用于各种时态，表示经过努力后所具有的能力。
Babies can swim when they are born.
婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)
Without his hard work，he was not able to get good grades.
如果没有他的努力工作，他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力)
2．may与might的用法
(1)表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)。(2)表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。(3)may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
—May I come in
—Yes，you may/can.
——我可以进来吗？
——是的，你可以进来。
It may/might rain this afternoon.You’d better take a raincoat with you.
今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。
May you have a good journey！祝你旅途愉快！
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—May I take this book out of the reading room
—No，you mustn’t.
——我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗？
——不行。
3．ought to的用法
(1)ought to“应该”，表示责任或义务。用于表示按道理应当，常指客观的义务或责任，大多数情况下可用should代替，但比should语气重。(2)ought to“应该”，表示劝告、建议或命令。should和ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。ought to的否定式为oughtn’t to或ought not to。(3)ought to“应该”，表示推测。可与should换用。
You ought to follow the old man’s advice.
你应当听那位老人的建议。
You ought to go to the clinic at once.You don’t look well.你脸色不好，应该马上到医务室去。
This is where the oil ought to/should be.
这里应该就是石油存在的地方。
4．must的用法
(1)表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。(2)表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。(3)表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。(4)must not表示禁止，意思是“不许”“不准”“不可以”等。
All the students must obey the school rules.
所有学生必须遵守校规。
Betty must be in the next room.I can hear her talking there.
贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。
Must you make so much noise when I have a rest
你非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗？
You mustn’t stop your car in the busy street.
你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。
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回答must问句时，肯定回答多用must；否定回答多用needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock
—Yes，you must.(No，you needn’t.或you don’t have to.)
——我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？
——是的，必须。(不，没必要。)
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(1)have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to。
(2)have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。
It’s too late.I have to go home now.
天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。
You don’t have to finish the work now.
你现在没有必要完成这项工作。
You must cut down on smoking.
你必须少抽些烟。
5．dare的用法
(1)dare可用作实义动词和情态动词，用作情态动词时，意思是“敢”，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及条件句中，一般不用于肯定句。(2)dare用作实义动词时意为“敢于”，可以有各种词形变化，可用于各类句型(肯定句、否定句、疑问句及各类从句等)，其后多接带 to 的不定式，有时 to 也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句)，可用于非谓语形式、完成时态等。(3)情态动词dare可以有过去式dared，但也可以直接用dare表示过去式。
I don’t know whether he dare try.
我不知他是否敢试一试。
Dare you tell her the truth
你敢告诉她事实真相吗？
I daren’t ask her for a rise.
我不敢要求她加薪。
I wonder how he dares to say such things.
我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。
Did he dare to tell her？他敢告诉她吗？
We don’t dare (to) say anything.
我们什么也不敢说。
四、“情态动词＋have done”的用法
“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去事情的推测或者表示虚拟语气。各情态动词的这种具体用法如下表：
can’t/couldn’t have done 过去一定未做(表推测)
must have done 过去一定做了(表推测)
may/might have done 过去也许做了(表推测)
could have done 本能做而未做(表虚拟)
should/ought to have done 本该做而未做(表虚拟)
needn’t have done 本不必做而做了(表虚拟)
He can’t/couldn’t have watched TV last night，for he knew he would have a test.
昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。
From what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。
You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them.你本应该早点告诉我，不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。
They could have sent up the satellite successfully.
他们本来有能力成功发射这颗卫星的。
I needn’t have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry.
我本不必做这么多吃的，大家都不饿。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To our delight，all the delegates present at the conference voted the proposal.
2．I can’t tolerate (work) with Kate in the same office.She just refuses to stop talking while she works.
3．He won’t come，so why bother (invite) him
4．I would have passed the examination if I (take) your advice and worked hard before.
5．They should (arrive) at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
Ⅱ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．You be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
2．If you go，at least wait until the storm is over.
3．I come to the party with you，but I am not sure.
4．Tom comes from Australia；he speak English very well.
5．I have no bike，so I go to the office on foot.
6．Bob not to speak to his mother like that.
达标检测答案：
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.for 2. working 3. inviting/to invite 4. had taken 5. have arrived
Ⅱ.用适当的情态动词填空
2.must 2. must 3. may 4. can 5. have to 6. ought
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同课章节目录
- Unit 10 Connections
- Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?
- Lesson 2 Community Spirit
- Lesson 3 Anne of Green Gables
- Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise
- Lesson 1 Living In a Community
- Lesson 2 Dealing with Conflict
- Lesson 3 War Memories
- Unit 12 Innovation
- Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs
- Lesson 2 Aha Moment
- Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking