新北师大选择性必修四Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 2& Lesson 3精讲精练（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2& Lesson 3
Lesson 2
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英语听力技巧之合理分配注意力。科学合理分配注意力，可以有效地提高听力测试成绩。掌握以下听力技巧：学会听前抢听；学会边听边记；学会听关键词。本节课的话题是Aha Moment，常见的话题词汇和句式如下：
常见话题词汇：
1．inspiration灵感
2．occur突然出现
3．emerge出现；浮现
4．clueless一窍不通的
5．helpless无助的
6．come into mind进入脑海
7．aha moment顿悟时刻
8．bury oneself in专注于……
常见话题句式：
1．You are working on some creative jobs for several days but little progress was made.
几天来你一直在做一项创造性的工作，但是却没有任何进展。
2．All of a sudden，an idea flew into my mind，and I was excited.
脑海中突然有了一个想法，我非常激动。
3．Everyone may have experienced some kinds of “aha moments”．
每个人可能都经历过某种顿悟时刻。
4．Behind a brilliant idea，there is often incredible hard work involved in it.
每个精彩的想法背后都要付出极大的努力。
5．In fact，it actually comes from the efforts you have been constantly making.
事实上，它来自你持之以恒的努力。
6．Hard work will not necessarily lead to an “aha moment”．努力工作未必会让你顿悟。
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Ⅰ.Listen to a radio interview about “aha moment” and then finish exercise 4 on P56.
Misunderstanding：Some think an “aha moment” happens 1.by coincidence.
Dr.Bond’s opinion：
*Behind a brilliant idea，there is often 2.incredible hard work involved in it.
*He/She has to 3.invest many years of study before making a discovery.(In other words：Inspiration doesn’t appear 4.incidentally.)
Ⅱ.Listen to the radio interview again and fill in the blanks. (精听训练)
(H＝Host　D＝Dr.Bond)
H：Good morning，everyone! Have you ever had such an experience：you are working on some 1.creative jobs for several days but little progress was made；suddenly an idea 2.flies into your mind Then you can’t help shouting out：“Aha! That’s it！” Such flash of insight is quite wonderful，isn’t it How does the inspiration come Why do some people work 3.so hard but achieve very little，while some others seem to do nothing but good ideas emerge Today，we invite Dr.Bond to talk about the creative 4.process.
D：Hello! Everyone may have experienced some kinds of “aha moments”．But there’s much 5.misunderstanding about it.Some think it happens by coincidence.In fact，it actually comes from the efforts you have been 6.constantly making.
H：Do you mean that sudden ideas come from the efforts we 7.have been making before
D：Yes.Behind a brilliant idea，there’s often incredible hard work involved in it.For example，great success of a scientist did not come 8.all at once.Instead，he/she has to invest many years of study before making a discovery.The great scientist Albert Einstein seemed to be inspired in discovering the “theory of relativity” when he was 9.rocking his baby.But actually，he had buried himself a great deal in the study of it for years.
H：I see.10.Inspiration doesn’t appear incidentally.
Ⅲ.Listen to the interview and choose the best answer.
1．What is the first stage before an “aha moment”？
A．Incubation. B．Preparation. C．Evaluation.
2．Why was Mozart mentioned in the dialogue
A．To show what “incubation” means.
B．To show what “elaboration” means.
C．To show doing nothing can be also meaningful.
3．What should one do in the evaluation stage
A．Put forward some ideas.
B．Think deeply about the idea.
C．Carry out the idea.
1. 答案　B
2. 答案　A
3. 答案　B
Ⅳ.Listen to the interview on P57 and answer the questions.
Ⅴ.Listen to the interview on P57 again and complete the Talk Builder.
语言学习
Lesson 2
核心考点 讲练互动
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?involve v．包含；需要；涉及，影响；使参加
(1)involve (doing) sth. 包括(做)某事；需要(做)某事involve sb. /oneself in (doing) sth.使某人/自己卷入/参与/专心于(做)某事(2)involved adj.参与的；投入的be/get involved in (doing) sth.卷入/参与(做)某事；专心于(做)某事(3)involvement n．参与
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①If your goal involves other people，put yourself in their positions.
②She really didn’t want to be involved in the whole family conflict.
③Parents together with the school should involve themselves in their children’s education.
[单句语法填空]
①Please convey my thanks to all the staff involved(involve)；they did an excellent job.
②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students.
③Students should involve themselves actively in community where they can gain experience of growth.
④Peace and stability in the world need the active involvement(involve) of China.
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?while 的用法
while用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比，意为“然而，可是”。while的其他含义：(1)引导时间状语从句，译作“当……的时候”。(2)引导让步状语从句，常放在句首，译作“尽管”、“虽然”，比although或 though语气要轻。(3)引导条件状语从句，相当于as long as，译作“只要”。(4)while还可以作名词，意为“一会儿”。
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.(表示对比)
②Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.(表示时间)
③While I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A．(表示让步)
④While a spark of life remains，it is a doctor’s duty to save the patient.(表示条件)
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中while的汉语意思
①Would you like to look after the baby while I go to do some shopping？当……的时候
②While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its efforts have been positive.尽管
③There is no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man，also intelligent，fails.然而
④While there is life，there is hope.只要
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You can become outgoing and make new friends if you get involved group activities.
2．The police were searching for all possible (clueless) to the murder，hoping to solve the case soon.
3．I was never neat my roommate Kate was extremely organized.
4．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I don’t want to but I really hope you two can reach a compromise.
我不想卷入你们的冲突，但是我真的希望你们都能退一步。
2． ，I still wish her good luck in the speech competition.
尽管我再也无法忍受她的粗鲁， 我还是祝愿她在演讲比赛中好运。
3．To our amazement，he the boy before deciding to adopt him.
令我们震惊的是，在决定收养这个男孩之前，他对他一无所知。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.in 2. clues 3. while 4. a
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.get involved in your conflict
2.While I can no longer tolerate her rudeness
3.was completely clueless about
Lesson 3
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测黑体词汇的汉语意思。
1．On 14 March,2018，one of the world’s most influential scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76.有影响力的
2．Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology，but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control)．
理论的　宇宙论 　克服
3．At the age of 21，when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge，physicians discovered he had a rare，slow progressing form of ALS.(尤指)内科医生　慢性的
4．Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.降低　停止
5．Therefore，Hawking decided to write a simpler version，A Briefer History of Time (2005)．
版本
6．In The Grand Design(2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.宏伟的
7．Everything since then has been a bonus.意外收获
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1　宏观架构　整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the webpage and complete the following form about Stephen Hawking.
Stephen Hawking
Birth ·Stephen Hawking was born on 1.8 January,1942，in Oxford.
Education ·He went to the University of Oxford to study 2.physics in 1959.·At the age of 21，Hawking spent his first year at 3.the University of Cambridge.
Career ·Hawking found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.·He never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about 4.black holes.·Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book，A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes，sold one copy for 5.every 750 people on Earth.
Family His illness had not prevented him from 6.having a family，and being successful in his work.
Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is about the brief introduction of a great scientist Stephen Hawking and his scientific achievements.
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
Read the webpage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following is NOT what Hawking was famous for
A．His brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology.
B．His overcoming the challenges of ALS.
C．His 1988 book.
D．His speech generating equipment.
2．Which order is right according to the passage
a．going to the University of Oxford
b．writing the book A Brief History of Time
c．having an operation
d．developing a number of new ideas about black holes
A．a→c→b→d B．a→c→d→b
C．c→a→d→b D．a→b→c→d
3．What is NOT the result of his illness
A．He couldn’t speak.
B．His physical ability declined.
C．He couldn’t move his hands.
D．He had to stop his study and research.
4．What was Stephen Hawking’s attitude towards life
A．Optimistic. B．Discouraged.
C．Indifferent. D．Disappointed.
Task 2　答案
1. 答案　D
2. 答案　B
3. 答案　D
4. 答案　A
Task 3　读后升华　思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
Read the passage carefully and find out the sentences to describe the character.(细读短文并找出人物描写的句子)
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1．What do you think this saying by Stephen Hawking means：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious.”？
2．How are the paragraphs on the webpage connected to each other Find and circle the indicators.
Task 3　读后升华　思维品质
Ⅰ.美句欣赏
答案　(1)On 14 March,2018，one of the world’s most influential scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76.
(2)Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology，but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS.
(3)Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January,1942，in Oxford.He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959.
Ⅱ.文本讨论
1. 答案　It means that we should not focus on our everyday lives and worry too much about unimportant matters.We should think on a larger scale and be curious about nature and the simple things of life.
2. 答案　Hawking later found...
Although Hawking’s physical abilities...
Hawking also wrote books...
In spite of his disease，Hawking...
Activity 3　长句突破　能力提升
分析下面句子结构并翻译：
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译文：职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。
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译文：在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
达标检测
课文语法填空
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942.He went to the University of Oxford 1. (study) physics in 1959.Four years later he went to the University of Cambridge,2. he was diagnosed 3. a rare and slow progressing disease.He 4. (expect) to live for a few years.However，he finished his studies and got a job at the University Cambridge and continued his work in 5. (theory) physics and cosmology.6. his reputation for his work spread，his physical ability declined.In 1985，after 7. operation，he started to use a kind of speech generating equipment specially 8. (develop) by his doctors to help him speak.But Stephen Hawking never ceased his studies and continued to develop his theories on black holes.Hawking believed that he was not an unlucky man.Since he was discovered that serious disease at the age of 21，he 9. (regard) everything as a bonus.He was grateful 10. his family and appreciated the help from a large number of people and organizations.Though he passed away in the year of 2018，his perseverance in study and optimistic attitude to life will inspire us forever.
课文语法填空
1. to study 2. where 3. with 4. was expected 5. theoretical
6. While 7. an 8. developed 9. has regarded 10. to
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 3核心考点 讲练互动
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decline v．& n．减少，降低；衰退；谢绝
decline from... to... 从…… 下降到……decline by...下降了…… decline to do sth.拒绝做某事on the decline在衰退中；在下降注：同义词 decrease，reduce
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①With the development of high tech devices，the price of the TV set declined from $1,400 to $900 each.
②The number of tourists to this resort declined by nearly 50% last year because of the COVID 19.
③She declined to attend the grand opening ceremony，saying she really had something urgent to deal with.
④With the awareness of personal health，the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①It is reported that the number of full time staff has declined from 300 to just 50 in this region.
②In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit(visit) the couple’s new house.
③Though the country advocates three child policy，the birth rate is still on the decline.
④那男孩拒绝回答我提出(raise)的问题。
The boy declined to answer the question I raised
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in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
(1)in spite of/despite＋名词/代词/动名词in spite of/despite the fact that...尽管……(2)regardless of 不顾，不管(3)though/although尽管，不管， 后接让步状语从句。
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①In spite of all the problems，several of the players produced excellent performances.
②In spite of the fact that he worked hard，he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
③This job is open to all，regardless of previous experience.
④Though/Although he lost his job as Arts Minister，I think he’ll continue to serve in the government.
[一句多译]
真是难以置信，尽管卢卡斯先生很富有，他却过着一种简朴的生活。
①It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life despite/in spite of his great wealth.
②It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life in spite of/despite the fact that he is very wealthy.
③It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life though/although/even though he is very wealthy.
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?rather than 而不是
(1)rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 2 宁愿做……而,不愿做……
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①Students proposed that we should have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
②I think it is his parents，rather than the little child are to blame for the violent incident.
③He firmly expressed that he would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
[单句语法填空]
①What we expected from you is working hard rather than hardly working(work)．
②It is you rather than your deskmate that are(be) banned from taking part in the outdoor activity.
③For the benefit of environment，the children would rather walk there than take(take) a bus.
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?形容词作状语
形容词在句中作状语，用于说明主语的特征或状态，常表示伴随情况，有时也表示原因、条件、让步等。
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①The girl was lying in bed，awake，listening to the wind outside the window.
②She just stood there，unable to believe what had just happened.
③Afraid of being caught，the murder fled to a remote village，but still was arrested within a day.
因为害怕被抓，这个谋杀犯逃到了一个偏远的村子，但仍在一天内就被捕了。
④Tired and sad，the driver looked at the vast desert without knowing if he could get across safely.
既累又难过，这个司机看着广阔的沙漠，不知道自己能否安全通过。
[同义句转换/完成句子]
①Because she was frightened，she asked me to go with her.
→Frightened，she asked me to go with her.
②When the teacher asked the question，all the students sat there and kept silent.
→When the teacher asked the question，all the students sat there，silent.
③After the long journey，the three of them came back home，hungry and tired.
长途旅行后，他们三个人回到了家，又饿又累。
第二板块 语法专题
Activity 1　规律探究
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．At the age of 21，when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge，physicians discovered he had a rare，slow progressing form of ALS.2．His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole.3．Instead of trying to find one big new explanation，scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.4．In spite of his disease，Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.
方框中黑体部分是介词短语，在句中充当状语，除此之外介词短语还可以在句中充当定语、表语和宾语补足语等。
Activity 2　语法精析
Phrasal Prepositions(介词短语)
介词本身在句中不能充当任何成分，介词后面只有接宾语构成介词短语才能充当句子成分。能充当介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(短语)、宾语从句等。介词短语在句中作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语等。
1．作定语
介词短语充当定语成分时，需要紧跟所修饰名词之后。
Now children both in cities and villages can get a good education.
现在城市和农村的孩子都能获得良好的教育。
Do you know the girl with long hair and big eyes
你认识那个长头发、大眼睛的女孩吗？
2．作表语
It is of great significance for college students to master a foreign language.
对于大学生来说，掌握一门外语是很重要的。
Whose proposal is to be adopted is under discussion.
(我们)正在讨论将采纳谁的建议。
3．作状语
介词短语作状语时位置比较灵活，可放于句首、句末和句中。
For this reason，Tom is not the best candidate for the position.
出于这个原因，汤姆不是这个职位的最佳人选。
We need a lot of money；in addition，we need more professional engineers.
我们需要很多钱，另外我们还需要更多的专业工程师。
4．作宾语补足语
The wounded soldier woke up and found himself in a hospital bed.
受伤的战士醒来，发现自己躺在医院的病床上。
Please leave it on the desk when you finish reading the book.
你读完这本书后，请把它放在桌子上。
Unfortunately，nobody considered his advice of any benefit to their English study.
不幸的是，没人认为他的建议对英语学习有好处。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．All the schools in our country were closed for several months last year owing the outbreak of COVID 19.
2．We cannot help but turn to you for help account of Mr Lin’s absence.
3． conclusion，you should make an apology for what you have done to him.
4．He persisted in carrying out the experiment in spite all kinds of setbacks.
5．She declined (have) lunch with her friend，saying that she wasn’t feeling well.
6．After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，extremely (exhaust)．
7．To our disappointment，she enjoys playing WeChat rather than (study)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The naughty boy hid himself in the corner enjoying his candy， .
这个淘气的小男孩躲在角落里偷吃糖果，害怕被他的父母发现。
2．We our plan rather than .
我们宁愿停止我们的计划，也不愿因我们的困难再去麻烦他。
3． ，my son was admitted to a key university.
多亏您的耐心教导和帮助，我的儿子才考上重点大学。
答案：
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.to 2. on 3. In 4. of 5. to have 6. exhausted 7. studying
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. afraid of being found by his parents.
2. prefer to cease bother him again with our difficulty
3. Thanks to your patient teaching and help
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