新北师大选择性必修一Unit 1 Relationships Lesson 1 Teachers精讲精练（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【北师大版选择性必修一】Unit 1 Relationship
类文赏读　话题导入
提示：加黑部分为高考重点词汇，需积累。画线部分为高考写作常用佳句，需背诵。
Ten Tips for Getting along with Others
1．Follow Dale Carnegie’s advice，“Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.” Pay attention when someone tells you their name，remember it，and use it often when talking to them1.
2．Take a true interest in other people.Find out what’s important to them and what their desires are.
3．Be generous.Think of ways in which you can help others.
4．Make others laugh.Laughing with others2 is a bonding(人与人之间的关系) experience.
5．First give and then think about getting.
6．Be punctual(守时的)．Being habitually late is disrespectful(不尊敬的) of the time of others.
7．Keep the promises and the commitments(承诺) you’ve made to others.
8．Try to find common experiences or interests.People have a tendency(倾向) to like others who are like themselves.
9．When you’re talking to others，give them your undivided attention.
10．Listen actively to what the other person is saying.That is，concentrate on him/her instead of mentally rehearsing(排演) in your head what you’re going to say next.
1.pay attention 注意；关注
2.take a true interest in 对...真正感兴趣
3.keep the promises and the commitments 遵守承诺和诺言
4. common experiences or interests 共同的经验或兴趣
5.concentrate on 集中精力于
6.instead of （用…）代替…， （是…）而不是…， （用…）而不用…
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1．...remember it，and use it often when talking to them.
分析　画线部分为省略结构。
链接　...as a result，we can have a great time when doing sports. (2018·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)
2．Laughing with others is a bonding experience.
分析　画线部分为动名词形式作主语。
链接　What’s more，being monitor of years makes me a brilliant organizer，which will help a lot to keep the exhibition in order. (2019·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Section Ⅰ　：　Topic Talk INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
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Listen to three people ’s stories about their closest relationship.
(I=Interviewer L= Lilly H Henry Y =Yu Xin )
I: Good afternoon all. Today I'm talking with three different people to find out some of the nicest things that people have ever done for them, It's good that we take some time occasionally to remember some of the positive things in life, don't you agree Let's start with Lilly. Hi, Lilly, welcome to the show. So, tell us about your story.
L: Thanks. My story is about my grandmother. 1.She was always so kind to me(她总是对我很好), and there's one thing I remember even more clearly. On the day of my graduation, she gave me a series of letters that she had written to me since I was born. It was so emotional to read them and 2.they moved me so much(他们感动了我太多了). I still read them to this day. Sadly, she passed away two years ago but 3.I still think of her all the time(我仍然一直在想着她).
I: What a beautiful story, Lilly. Now, Henry. Thank you for being here. What is your story
H: Well, for me, it was a childhood friend. I was ill for a long time4. so I couldn't finish primary school(所以我没完成完小学学业). My friend Michael helped me with my studies and it changed my life. I could get a good job and have a better life. 5.I'm extremely grateful to him.(我非常感谢他。)
I: What a wonderful friend you've had! Finally, we have Yu Xin. Please tell us your story.
Y: I was in a car accident last year and had to spend several months in the hospital. My sister visited me every day and made
me feel happy again and positive about life. Because of her, I never fell behind in schoolwork and recovered extremely fast as my doctor told me.
I: What wonderful people you all have had! Thank you all for sharing.
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【策略指导】
英语听力测试不只是考查学生的英语听力，同时还会考查学生的临场应变能力、猜测能力、记忆能力等。平时还要多积累一些常见的话题词汇和话题句式。本单元的话题是人际关系。
常见话题词汇：
1. identity n．身份；特性，特征；同一(性)，一致(性)
2．maintain vt. 维持；维修，保养；坚持
3．sustainable adj. 可持续的
4．sceptical (NAmE skeptical) adj. 怀疑的
5．resemble vt. 相似，类似，看起来像(不用于进行时)
6．decline v. 拒绝，谢绝；下降
7．clarify v. 澄清，阐明
8．suspect n．嫌疑犯，嫌疑分子
v. 怀疑
9. adore vt. 爱慕，崇拜
10. relief n. 缓解，消除；救济；援救
11. privilege n. 特权；特别优待
12. harmony n. 和谐，协调；和睦，融洽
13. harmonious adj. 融洽的，和睦的
14. sensitive adj. 敏感的，容易生气的
15. reasonable adj. 通情达理的，正当的，合理的
常见话题句式：
1．As far as I’m concerned, to build a good relationship, we should trust each other first.
就我个人而言，要建立良好的关系，我们首先应该彼此信任。
2．As the old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
常言道，“患难见真情。”
3．As we all know, making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships, and build a harmonious society.
众所周知，交友有助于我们建立良好的人际关系，也有利于构建和谐社会。
4．In my opinion, this relationship should be filled with love, care, understanding, and respect, so we can exchange ideas freely and get along well with each other.
我认为，这种关系应该充满爱、关心、理解和尊重，因此我们能够自由地交换观点，并且能够相处融洽。
5．It was your help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
正是你的帮助和关怀让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
6．I hope we can keep in touch so that we can communicate with each other to know more about the Chinese and British culture.
我希望我们之间能保持联系，这样我们就可以相互交流，从而了解更多的中国和英国的文化。
7．I’m sorry to have quarrelled with you about knocking you down the day before yesterday.I feel that it’s not necessary for me to do that, so I make a sincere apology to you and hope that you will forgive me.
我非常抱歉前天因撞倒你而与你吵架。我认为那样做没必要，因此我向你真诚地道歉并希望你原谅我。
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Ⅰ.Read the Text Builder carefully.Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the words or expressions you hear.(教材page 6)
The nicest thing someone has ever done for “me”
Who that person is What he/ she did The storyteller’s feelings
Lilly’s story grandmother wrote a series of letters emotional and moved
Henry’s story a childhood friend helped him with his studies grateful
Yu Xin’s story sister visited her in hospital every day happy and positive
Ⅲ .Listen to the dialogue on P6 and fill in the blanks with the words you hear(精听精练).
(P=Presenter S= Stephanie )
P: Hello, everyone. Today on our radio show we are talking about some of our most special relationships(最特殊的关系). Stephanie, who are you closest to and why
S: I'm closest to my mother because she understands and supports me completely.
P: And how would you describe her
S: I would say she is kind, loving and passionate(善良的，有爱的和充满激情的).
P: She sounds like a wonderful mother. So, Stephanie, tell us about a favourite memory you have with your mother.
S: I have so many great memories, but one particular occasion is Christmas time when I was five. I was so looking forward to (期待)Christmas Day: Santa Claus coming with gifts, a big family dinner and lots of fun. Unfortunately, I woke up(醒来) with a terrible flu and couldn't get out of bed .
P: Well. that's too bad. You had to miss the celebration .
S: That's true I missed the whole day and felt terrible. (感觉很糟糕)My mother took care of (照顾)me and then when I was feeling better the next week, she hosted another Christmas dinner just so I could enjoy what I missed. When I remember that time, I feel so loved.
P: That is incredible(不可思议的). It's clear that your mother loves you very much!
语言学习
Topic Talk
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提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
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?grateful adj.感激的；感谢的
be gratefulI would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将感激不尽。
(1)We should be grateful for what we have instead of regretting for what we don’t have.
我们应该感激我们所拥有的而不是后悔我们所没有的。
(2)I was extremely grateful to her for her help during my stay in England.
我非常感激我在伦敦时她对我的帮助。
(3)He will be grateful to know(know) that he will host the party.
知道他将主持这次晚会他会很感激的。
(4)I would be very grateful if you could lend me a hand.如果你能帮我的忙，我将非常感激。
达标检测
提示：题干中加底纹的词汇是本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.If it had not been for his (invite) the other day，I would not be here now.
2.I want to prove that I can be just as good as，if not better than，my (compete).
3.I (sincere) hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.
4.Besides，wider (engage) requires very considerable resource.
5.Today we benefit from countless inventions and (innovate).
答案：1.invitation 2.competitors 3.sincerely 4.engagement 5.innovations
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.偶尔晚睡并无妨害。(occasionally)
There's no harm in your staying up late occasionally .
2.我非常感激他。(be grateful to )
I'm extremely grateful to him.
3.我的老师非常热爱他的工作。（be passionate about）
My teacher is passionate about his work.
Lesson 1
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测黑体词汇的汉语意思。
1.The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees!
合计达，总计达
2．He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language.
惯于；过去经常 adj. 实际的
I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the ...
将...倒入
Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage!
catch sb doing sth 撞见，发现（某人正在做不该做的事）
5．The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.
有机会做...
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1　宏观架构　整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and fill in the following blanks with suitable words.
Before Graham went to Mr Jenkins’ class Graham was not very good at most school subjects.He’s a bit lazy.Science had been a subject full of strange words.He didn’t want to know what hydrogen was.He found science boring and difficult.He lacked confidence.
How Mr Jenkins taught Mr Jenkins made everything interesting.He explained things with lots of practical examples and in simple language.He took students outside, and they built a rocket!
After Graham became Mr Jenkins’ student Mr Jenkins made Graham feel that he had his own strengths.He was interested in the study of the stars and planets. He gave a presentation.
Ⅱ.What’s the main idea of the passage
The main idea of the passage is that the student Graham became interested in science subjects and confident with the help of his teacher Mr Jenkins.
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
Choose the best answer.
1．Before I went into Mr Jenkins’ class .
A．I wasn’t very good at some school subjects
B．I think I was lazy，in particular in maths
C．I became interested in maths
D．I became interested in science
2．From the passage we know that Mr Jenkins was good at .
A．setting examples
B．making experiments
C．encouraging students
D．give a presentation
3．What may Graham do now as a job
A．Write books.
B．Teach in a school.
C．Give lectures about maths.
D．Explain science to an audience.
4．What should teachers do to deal with students
A．Treat them as adults.
B．Make friends with them and really understand them.
C．Always praise them.
D．Sometimes scold them.
答案：
1. 答案　B
2. 答案　C
3. 答案　D
4. 答案　B
Task 3　读后升华　思维品质
Activity 1：美句欣赏
Read the passage quickly and find out the entences to show comparison.
Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me. I had no idea what hydrogen was, and I didn’t really want to know, either! I found it all so boring and difficult. But Mr Jenkins made everything interesting.He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language.
Activity 2：文本讨论
1. Mr Jenkins said, ".it's important to understand that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student. "How did he do Find evidence fromthe texts to support your opinion.
2. What made Graham a successful person Find evidence from the texts to support your opinion.
3. What made Mr Jenkins a good teacher Write down one or two of his qualities and give your reasons.
答案：1.He did well with Graham. Though he had known Graham was very difficult, he made everything interesting in his teaching to attract his attention by setting up experiments. He also explained difficult things with practical examples and doing simple language.
2. Mr Jenkins helped Graham find his interest and strength, e.g. Mr Jenkins set up an experiment to attract his attention in the first class. He gave Graham chances to present his interest and boosted his confidence. Graham was bright.
3. Mr Jenkins is patient and he understands students. He was good with difficult students like Graham and he knew how to help them by explaining things with practical examples and in simple language. He helped students feel confident. He is a good teacher because he cares about his students and wants them all to do well.
Activity 3　长句突破　能力提升
1．The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees!
[句式分析]　本句为复合句。主句是The only thing...is...; I can remember from school maths是定语从句；that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees 是that引导的表语从句。
[自主翻译]　我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度！
2．I think it’s important to understand that there’s no such thing as a good or a bad student.
[句式分析]　本句为复合句。主句是I think...；it’s important to understand...是省略了that的宾语从句；that there’s no such thing as a good or a bad student是that引导的宾语从句。
[自主翻译]　我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。
3．The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.
[句式分析]　本句是复合句。The thing...is...是主句；that you have access to children’s minds...是that引导的表语从句； when they are open and eager to learn是when引导的时间状语从句。
[自主翻译]　做教师意味着你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候走进他们的心灵。
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第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 1 核心考点 讲练互动
提示：例句中加底纹的词汇为本课时或前面课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
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?lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺的东西
※(a) lack of缺少……for lack of由于缺少……※lack (for) nothing 没有欠缺※be lacking in缺少……
The boy didn’t go to school because he extremely lacked money.
＝The boy didn’t go to school because he was extremely lacking in money.
＝Extremely lacking (in) money，the boy didn’t go to school.
＝The boy didn’t go to school because of extreme lack of money.
＝The boy didn’t go to school for lack of money.
因为极其缺钱，这个男孩没有上学。
INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\临时用文件\\学习笔记 万冉冉 北师选修必修第一册\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\幻灯片\\北师大版 选择性必修第一册 万冉冉\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\幻灯片\\北师大版 选择性必修第一册 万冉冉\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\幻灯片\\北师大版 选择性必修第一册 万冉冉\\UNIT 1\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\幻灯片\\北师大版 选择性必修第一册 万冉冉\\UNIT 1\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第一册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.
?access n．进入；接触的机会
※have/get/obtain/gain access to...拥有……的机会；接近；可以利用give access to接近；准许进入※accessible adj.易取得的；可进入的；可接近的be accessible to...可接近/可靠近；可使用……
(1)The only access to that cottage is across the farmland.到达那个农舍的唯一通道是穿过农田。
(2)Thus I have been allowed to gain access to the living environment of the educationalist.
因此，我被允许接近这个教育家的居住环境。
(3)He raised to make jazz more accessible(access)，and preserve its history and culture.
他提出使爵士音乐更容易接近，并且保留它的历史和文化。
[一句多译]
(4)我们学校的每一个学生都可以使用新图书馆。
①Our new school library is accessible to every student in our school.(accessible)
②Every student in our school has/gets/obtains/gains access to our new school library.(access)
If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult，then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile.
?worthwhile adj.值得的；值得做的；重要的；有益的
(1)Boys who worked in the community came to feel they were worthwhile members of society.
在社区里工作的男孩们会感觉他们是有价值的社会成员。
(2)It is worthwhile to listen/listening(listen) to the presentation again.
这个报告值得再听一遍。
[易混辨析]　worthwhile，worth，worthy
※worthwhile既可作表语，也可作定语，表示某事因为重要、有趣或受益大而值得去花时间、金钱或精力。作表语时，常构成句型：It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.。
※worth表示“值得……”时，后接名词、代词、动名词(主动形式表示被动含义)；表示“价值……”时，后接表示钱数或类似的词语。常构成短语be worth＋名词，be worth doing sth.。
※worthy表示“值得”时，构成短语be worthy of＋名词，be worthy of being done＝be worthy to be done。worthy作定语时，表示“有价值的，值得敬重的”。
[选词填空]　worthwhile，worth，worthy
(3)The book is well worth reading again.
(4)It’s worthwhile to study hard.
(5)The topic is worthy to be discussed.
经典句式
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有时甚至想，如果能打电话征求他的意见就好了！
※if only...could/would do要是……就好了，使用了虚拟语气。if only...用于虚拟语气时应注意：①若表示与将来事实相反的情况，句中谓语用would/could＋do；②若表示与现在事实相反，句中谓语则用动词的过去式(be用were)；③若表示与过去事实相反，句中谓语则用had done。※only if只有，只要……就，only仅起强调作用。only if引导的状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
(1)If only I had known the significance of working hard at college！我要是早知道在大学里努力学习的重要性就好了！
(2)Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom.
学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。
(3)If only I had(have)the chance to become an educationalist！
要是我有机会成为一个教育家，那该多好！
(4)My niece said，“If only I had come(come) to the party yesterday！”
我侄女说：“要是昨天我来参加晚会就好了！”
INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\临时用文件\\学习笔记 万冉冉 北师选修必修第一册\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\幻灯片\\北师大版 选择性必修第一册 万冉冉\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\幻灯片\\北师大版 选择性必修第一册 万冉冉\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\幻灯片\\北师大版 选择性必修第一册 万冉冉\\UNIT 1\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\幻灯片\\北师大版 选择性必修第一册 万冉冉\\UNIT 1\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "I:\\王真\\2021\\同步\\英语\\北师大 选择性必修第一册\\word\\UNIT 1\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\14902\\Desktop\\高中英语讲义北师大版\\英语同步系列选择性必修第一册《学习笔记》（新教材）北师大版\\方2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET The first day he walked into my class，he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored...第一次走进我的班级时，他的书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子……
※The first day用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一天……时”。※引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：the first time，every time，each time，the last time，the moment，the minute等，起从属连词的作用。
(1)He was a school teacher the first day I saw him.
我第一天见到他时，他是一所学校的老师。
(2)Every/Each time I hear that song，I feel extremely relaxed.
每次听到那首歌，我都感到非常放松。
(3)Next time you come，do remember to bring your nephew here.
下次来的时候，一定记着把你侄子带来。
达标检测
提示：题干中加底纹的词汇是本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The boys were setting fireworks in the street when I came back from work.
2． only I could get some sleep，I would be able to handle.
3．I (grateful) sat down with the old lady and we had a happy lunch together.
4．As far as I am concerned， is worthwhile to visit the place.
5．She has the determination and humour that her brother (lack)．
6．He is involved in the trouble now.If only he (listen) to his parents!
7．The apartments are (access) by way of glass walkways overlooking the garden.
Ⅱ.完成句子
，he got the job.
他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。
9．Alice made some friends .
爱丽丝上学第一天就交了一些朋友。
the museum.
这个博物馆值得去参观。
11．Only two men in the company the secret.
公司只有两个人知道这个秘密。
because they helped my terrible day end happily.
我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。
达标检测答案：
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. off 2. If 3. gratefully 4. it 5. lacks 6. had listened 7. accessible
Ⅱ.完成句子
8. Despite his lack of experience
9. the first day
10. It is worthwhile to visit/visiting
11. have access to
12. I’m so grateful to all those volunteers
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Activity 1 规律探究
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
语法感知
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．Before Mr Jenkins taught me，science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me.2．I remember Graham was very difficult before he came into my class.I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.3．I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do.
过去完成时可以根据时间状语来判断 (如句1，句2)；也可以根据过去的过去来判断(如句3)。
语法精析
Ⅰ.过去完成时
一、构成方法
由“had＋动词的过去分词”构成。
二、用法说明
1．表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
When they arrived，the enemy had abandoned the town and run away.
他们到达时，敌人已经放弃了那个镇子，逃走了。
2．过去完成时是一种相对时态，一定要有一个作参照的过去时间或过去动作作比较，否则，就不能用过去完成时。但下列三种情况虽然有先后发生的两个过去的动作，却用一般过去时：
(1)先后发生的一系列动作，但并不强调先后时，最后两个动词用then，and，but等连接，用一般过去时。
He entered the room，turned on the light and read an evening paper.
他走进房间，打开灯，读了一份晚报。
(2)两个动作是紧接着发生的，可用一般过去时。
When I heard the news，I was very excited.
我听到那个消息时，非常兴奋。
(3)叙述历史事实或“in＋过去的年份”，用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
我们的老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
2．表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。与现在完成时一样，也常与so long，for three days等表示一段时间的状语连用。
When Jack arrived，he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到达时，他才得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。
3．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。表示希望或打算的动词，如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
我们原本希望你能来，但你没有来。
4．用于特殊句式中：
hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，It/That/This was the first/second/...time (that) ...等。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
那是他那一年第三次失业了。
三、过去完成时的判断
由时间状语来判定
1．一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
(1)by＋过去的时间点。
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.昨晚九点我已看完这本小说了。
(2)by the end of＋过去的时间点。
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末我们已经学了两千多个英语单词。
(3)before＋过去的时间点。
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.在上星期三之前，他们已经种了六百棵树了。
2．由“过去的过去”来判定
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
(1)宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。
She said that she had seen the film before.
她说她之前已经看过这部电影了。
(2)状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
After he had finished his homework，he went to bed.
做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。
注意：before，after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
After he closed the door，he left the classroom.
他关上门以后，离开了教室。
3．根据上、下文来判定
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday.We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
我昨天在街上遇见了王滔。自从他去了北京，我们都没有见过面。
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He (not，tell) me the news yet.
2．Tom said he (read) the book twice.
3．When I arrived at the station，he (leave)．
4．I waited until he (finish) his homework.
5．We (paint) the house before we moved in.
6．Our plan failed because we (make) a bad mistake(一个严重的错误).
7．Paul (go) out with Jane after he had made a phone call.
8．She didn’t go to Qingdao because she (be) there before.
9．We (learn) about 4,000 English words by the end of last term.
10．I began collecting stamps in May and by November I (collect) more than 2,000.
Ⅱ.完成句子
when you rang.
你打电话时简刚走。
12．When she heard that in the accident，she burst out crying.
当她听说她父亲在那次事故中丧生时便大哭起来。
13．He said before.
他说他曾经去过那里。
14．We realized .
我们意识到我们迷路了。
15．They but could not get there in time.
他们本来想去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
参考答案
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. hasn’t told 2. had read 3. had left 4. finished
5. had painted 6. had made 7. went 8. had been 9. had learned 10. had collected
Ⅱ.完成句子
11. Jane had just left
12. her father had died
13. he had been there
14. we had lost our way
15. had wanted to help
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