新北师大选择性必修二Unit 4 Humour Lesson 1 What’s So Funny精讲精练（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【北师大版选择性必修二】Unit 4 Humour
类文赏读　话题导入
The Importance of Humour
Humour has been an essential1 part of human behaviour for thousands of years.There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece，and medieval writings are filled with jokes.While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then，their authors understood that humour could not only entertain2 but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.
Closer to modern times，someone who is remembered for his ability to combine humour with more serious messages is American writer，Mark Twain.Twain’s particular style of writing is funny and often mischievous3.For example，in his classic novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，he famously says，“Writing is easy.All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.” But he is equally well known for his witty4 remarks5 in his everyday interactions6 with people.For instance，while on a lecturing tour of the United States，Twain went into a barber’s7 shop to get a haircut and a shave8.The barber，not recognising him，asked if he had a ticket to the lecture.When Twain replied that he didn’t，the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand，as there were no seats left in the theatre.Twain’s response was，“That’s just my luck.I always have to stand when that fellow lectures！”
(选自外研版新教材选择性必修第一册 Unit 1)
1．essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
2．entertain v．(使)快乐，(使)娱乐
3．mischievous adj.调皮的，淘气的
4．witty adj.说话风趣的；妙趣横生的
5．*remark n．言论；意见，评论
6．interaction n．交流
7．*barber n．男理发师
8．shave n．刮脸，刮胡子
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1．While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then，their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.
虽然这些笑话对现在的我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣，但是它们的作者明白，幽默不仅能娱乐大众，而且可以使人们对敏感问题或有争议的问题产生新的认识。
[句式分析]　while引导让步状语从句。
2．Closer to modern times，someone who is remembered for his ability to combine humour with more serious messages is American writer，Mark Twain.
到了近现代，美国作家马克·吐温因擅长用幽默的方式表达严肃的内容而著称。
[句式分析]　who引导定语从句。
Section Ⅰ　：　Topic Talk INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标一话题交流场景模拟.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET Task 1:话题交流 场景模拟
Tom和Mary是同桌，课间，两人就各自对大笑的看法进行了交流。请根据下面的提示完成对话。
Tom：What’s your opinion about laughter
Mary：I think it is important that we laugh from time to time because...
Tom：How about you
Mary：...
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英语听力测试不只是考查学生的英语听力，同时还会考查学生的临场应变能力、猜测能力、记忆能力等。平时还要多积累一些常见的话题词汇和话题句式。本单元的话题是让我们大笑的东西，为什么它们会让我们大笑以及大笑有什么好处。
常见话题词汇：
1．comedy喜剧；喜剧片
2．cross talk相声
3．pretend假装；装作
4．humorous幽默的，诙谐的
5．plot(故事、电影、戏剧等的)情节
6．accent口音
常见话题句式：
1．What makes you laugh...？什么让你笑……？
2．Yes，I like that，too.是的，我也喜欢。
3．You’ll never believe what happened to me...你永远不会相信我的遭遇……
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1．Read the Text Builder carefully.Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the words or expressions you hear.(教材P6)
2．Listen to the plete the diagram.(教材P7)
3．Listen to the material on P7 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(精听训练)
(D＝David　J＝Jia Lan)
D：You’ll never believe what happened to me，Jia Lan—I don’t think I’ll ever (1)live it down.
J：Why，what happened，David
D：You know I’ve been learning to (2)box.I had my first boxing match the other day and Mr Zhao was the (3)referee—and you know what a strict teacher he is.
J：I know.We’re all (4)terrified of him.
D：In the second round，I took such a hard hit from my opponent that I felt (5)dizzy and (6)unbalanced.I wasn’t sure where I was.In defence，I attacked back with a wild (7)swing.It was so wild that instead of the hit landing on my opponent，it landed on Mr Zhao’s nose.As a result，he (8)collapsed!
J：Oh no！What happened then
D：I was (9)shocked.I ran up to him and tried to help him up.I said sorry over and over again.He pushed me away，(10)gathered himself and got up to his feet.
J：You must have felt so bad.
D：I was so (11)embarrassed that I wanted the floor to open up and consume me.
J：And your opponent
D：He was (12)confused and didn’t know if he should carry on hitting me，or stop and help Mr Zhao—so he just stood there.
J：And Mr Zhao—what happened then
D：He put his free hand on my shoulder and said，“Son，you’ve got real potential.That was an excellent hit！”
Lesson 1
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测句中加黑词的汉语意思。
1．The collector said，“Please，I need a hungry cat with a good appetite around the house to catch mice.”胃口，食欲
2．Some hours later，Holmes woke up and asked his faithful friend，“Watson，look up at the sky and tell me what you see.” 忠诚的
3．According to the current atmosphere，I forecast that we will have a beautiful day tomorrow. 预测
4．The doctor started to examine him.“Well，everything is working OK，” she announced afterwards.检查　宣布，宣告
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1　宏观架构　整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
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Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is three funny stories.
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
1．The store owner refused to give away the saucer with the cat because .
A．he loved the saucer
B．he，with the saucer，could make more money by selling more cats
C．he knew it was an antique
D．the money that the art collector offered was not enough
2．Sherlock and Dr.Watson saw millions of stars at night because .
A．their tent was stolen
B．it would be a good day the next day
C．it was a good day that day
D．the time was probably a quarter past three
3．What does the word “retired” mean in Story B
A．To stop doing your job.
B．To stop competing during a game，race，etc.
C．To go to bed.
D．To leave a place，especially to go somewhere quieter or more private.
4．In Story C，after seeing the doctor，what would the man do at last
A．He would go to see the clown.
B．He would go to America.
C．He would go to see the doctor the next day.
D．He would still be down.
Task 3　读后升华　思维品质
Activity 1　美句欣赏
1．Read the passage carefully and find the parallel sentences.(细读短文并找出排比句。)
2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentence that uses exaggeration.(细读短文并找出使用夸张的句子。)
Activity 2　文本讨论
1．Which of the three stories do you like most Why
答案：I like story B best, because the characters are Sherlock and Dr. Watson.
2．Do you like a man with a sense of humour Why Or why not
答案：Yes,I do. Because a man with a sense of humour often makes people laugh. We are happy with them. INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标三长句难句拆分解读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标三长句难句拆分解读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标三长句难句拆分解读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\WORD\\目标三长句难句拆分解读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张潇\\2021\\看幻灯片\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\Unit 4\\目标三长句难句拆分解读.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
Activity 3　长句突破　能力提升
分析下面句子结构并翻译：
1.A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
译文：_______________________________________________________________________________________
译文：一个著名的艺术品收藏家在穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。
2.He noticed that the saucer was an antique and very valuable, so he walked casually into the store and innocently offered to buy the cat for 20 dollars.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
译文：_______________________________________________________________________________________
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译文：收藏家注意到浅碟是件古董，很值钱，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，假装不知情的样子，提出要花20美元买那只猫。
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A famous art collector was walking through the city 1. he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store.He 2. (do) a double take.He noticed that the saucer was 3. antique and very valuable，so he paid 200 dollars for that cat.However，when the collector asked for that old saucer，the owner said，“Sorry my friend，but that’s my lucky saucer.So far this week I 4. (sell) 68 cats.”
Sherlock Holmes and Dr.Watson went on a camping trip and they went to sleep.Some hours later，Holmes woke up,5. (ask) his faithful friend to look up at the sky and tell him 6. he saw.Watson saw millions of stars so he predicted that they 7. (have) a beautiful day the next day.Holmes was silent for a moment.“Watson，” he said，“someone has stolen our tent！”
A middle-aged man was feeling very down.So，after he had been feeling depressed for over a month，he decided 8 (go) to the doctor.He had to wait for what seemed like 9. (age) in the doctor’s surgery.Finally，after he had been waiting for about half an hour，he was called in for his consultation.The doctor started to examine him.“Well，everything is working OK，” she announced afterwards.Then she recommended an 10. (amaze) clown who would really make the man laugh.
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
1.答案　B
2.答案　A
3.答案　C
4.答案　D
Task 3　读后升华　思维品质
1.答案　
Well，according to the studies on astronomy，it tells me that there are millions of galaxies and potentially billions of planets.According to the positions of the stars，I observe that Saturn is in Leo.According to the scientific measurement of time，I deduce that the time is probably a quarter past three.According to the current atmosphere，I forecast that we will have a beautiful day tomorrow.
2.答案　
He had to wait for what seemed like ages in the doctor’s surgery.
达标检测
课文语法填空
1.when 2. did 3. an 4. have sold 5. asking 6. what 7. would have 8. to go 9. ages 10. amazing
语言学习 第一板块 单词短语
Topic Talk
核心考点 讲练互动
1．Research shows that laughing has significant benefits...(教材P109)
?significant adj.有意义的，意味深长的；重要的，重大的
significance n.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义be of great significance非常重要；有重大意义be of no significance无意义；无关紧要attach significance to...重视；认为……重要注意：常见的“be＋of＋抽象名词”短语，抽象名词前可用great，little，no，some，any等来修饰：be of importance＝be importantbe of value＝be valuablebe of help＝be helpfulbe of use＝be useful
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①The charity to be set up will be very significant to people in need.
②Our teacher told us that this would be a speech of great significance about comedy.
③I attach great significance to the news that some new traffic rules will take effect.
[句型转换/完成句子]
①As a matter of fact，his advice is very significant to the beginners.
→As a matter of fact，his advice is of great significance to the beginners.
②一般来说，大多数父母都认为孩子的教育很重要。
Generally speaking，most parents attach great significance to their children’s education.
2.In the second round, I took such a hard hit from my opponent that I felt dizzy and unbalanced.(教材P109)
【经典例句】　Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.
慢慢地移动，然后确保保持平衡，不要让你的身体晃动。
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
(1)You'd better keep/have a balanced diet for the benefit of your health.
(2)Rich countries gain more from the policy, on balance, than they lose.
(3)You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.
[单句语法填空/句式升级]
①You'd better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.
②You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.
③When he was running after his brother, the boy lost_his_balance and had a bad fall.
当他追赶弟弟时，这个男孩失去平衡，重重地摔了一跤。
④I found it hard to keep_my_balance on the icy path.
我发现在结冰的路面上很难保持平衡。
【联想】否定前缀un 高频形容词
①fit 合适的 →unfit 不合适的
②fair 公平的 →unfair 不公平的
③usual 寻常的 →unusual 不寻常的
④friendly 友好的 →unfriendly 不友好的
⑤fortunate 幸运的 →unfortunate 不幸的
⑥comfortable 舒服的 →uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑦important 重要的 →unimportant 不重要的
⑧certain 确定的 →uncertain 不确定的
I was so embarrassed that I wanted the floor to open up and consume me.(教材P107)
embarrassed
(1)It embarrasses/embarrassed sb. to do sth.做某事使某人窘迫(2)embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的be embarrassed at/about 对……感到为难/尴尬embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的(3)embarrassment n. 困窘，困惑to one's embarrassment 让某人感到不好意思
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
(1)He felt embarrassed at being the centre of attention.
(2)Much to her embarrassment , she realized that everyone was staring at her.
(3)That was an embarrassing moment for me standing on the stage.
(4)It embarrassed me to meet the young man again, for I misunderstood him.
[能力提升]——一句多译
让他难堪的是，他对所发生的事情一无所知。
(5)What embarrassed him was that he had no idea of what was going on.(embarrass)
(6)To his embarrassment, he had no idea of what was going on.(embarrassment)
4．He was confused and didn’t know if he should carry on hitting me，or stop and help Mr Zhao—so he just stood there.(教材P107)
?confused adj.困惑的
(1)confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑；(将……)混淆confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆(2)be/get confused with/about...对……感到困惑(3)confusion n．困惑；糊涂；混淆in confusion困惑地；乱七八糟(4)confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①I can’t see how anyone could confuse you with/and another!
②We felt confused with/about the difficult question that was significant.
③She was very angry with her husband because he made their rooms in confusion.
④The instructions(说明) on the box are very confusing.
[单句语法填空/句式升级]
①You can tell by the slightly confused(confuse) looks on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map.
②The old man is always confusing the boy with/and his twin brother.
③What you said at the meeting was really confusing(confuse)．
④He was confused with the present situation so he was at a loss what to do next.(用过去分词短语作状语升级)
Confused with the present situation，he was at a loss what to do next.
【联想】动词＋ ing/ ed 变形容词
①embarrass→embarrassing 令人尴尬的→embarrassed 尴尬的
②disappoint→disappointing 令人失望的→disappointed 失望的
③relax→relaxing 使人放松的→relaxed 轻松的
④depress→depressing 令人沮丧的→depressed 沮丧的
⑤shock→shocking 令人震惊的→shocked 震惊的
易学考点 自主研读
1．My favourite kind of comedy is when someone pretends to be someone else.(教材P107)
?pretend vi.& vt.假装，装作
pretend to do...假装做……pretend to be doing...假装正在做……pretend to have done...假装已经做过……pretend to be＋n./adj.假装是……；假装……pretend (that)．..假装……
①He asked who we were and pretended not to know us，making us confused.
他问我们是谁，假装不认识我们，这使我们困惑。
②He pretended to be studying when his father stepped into his room.
当他父亲走进他的房间时，他假装正在学习。
③Jim pretended to have solved(solve) the difficult problem and left the company.
吉姆假装已经解决了难题就离开了公司。
④My neighbor pretended to be asleep，so that she would not be threatened or attacked by the thief.
我的邻居假装睡着了，以免受到小偷的威胁或袭击。
⑤We can’t just go on pretending that everything is OK.
我们不能继续假装一切都好。
2．...it relieves stress and anxiety...(教材P107)
?anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
(1)anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的be anxious for/about...担心……be anxious for sth.渴望得到某物be anxious (for sb.) to do...渴望(某人)做……(2)with anxiety(＝anxiously adv.)焦急地
①He was anxious about/for his family，who were travelling abroad.
他为正在国外旅行的家人感到焦虑。
②The girl，who has been working hard to enhance herself，is anxious for success.
这个一直在努力提高自己的女孩渴望成功。
③The woman was anxious for all the guests to leave(leave) her house.
那个女人急着让所有的客人都离开她家。
④Anxiously(anxious)/With anxiety，I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.我怀着焦虑的心情上床睡觉，梦想着在这座神奇的山顶上我会发现什么。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The new teacher left a deep impression on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous(幽默的) language.
2.He pretended to be local but his foreign accent(口音) gave him away.
3.All the children in the test tended to imitate (模仿)what they had learned.
4.It is a language consisting of gestures, facial (面部的)expressions and body movements.
5.By watching others，we learn how people talk to each other，what clothes are “fashionable”，and how to interact (交流、交往)with people.
6.I believe these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China but help enhance (提升)your Chinese.
7.I was terrified (感到惊恐的) out of my mind, giving my first public performance.
8.A second bridge has collapsed (坍塌；突然倒下)in China since July last year，which is a shock to all Chinese people.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When her son returned at last，she was free from (anxious)．
2．This new discovery of oil is of great (significant) to this area’s economy.
3．She pretended (be) calm，but as a matter of fact she was so nervous.
4．Ted was really about the problem which also other people for a long time.(confuse)
Ⅲ.完成句子
，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.
她焦急地从包裹里拿出衣服试穿，结果发现不合身。
2．Above all， what you don’t understand.
最重要的是，不要不懂装懂。
3．The factory set up the year before the village’s development.
一年前建起的这个工厂对这个村子的发展很重要。
4．Mary would rather travel by train than by plane， .
玛丽宁愿乘火车旅行也不愿乘飞机，这让我们很困惑。
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.anxiety 2. significance 3. to be 4. confused confusing confused
Ⅲ.完成句子
Anxiously/With anxiety 2. don’t pretend to have understood 3. is of great significance to/is very significant to 4. which made us confused
Lesson 1
核心考点 讲练互动
1．According to the scientific measurement of time，I deduce that the time is probably a quarter past three.(教材P8)
?measurement n．测量，计量，衡量
measure vi.& vt.测量；衡量；判定 n．计量制；计量单位；措施measure...by...用……来衡量……make...to sb.’s measure给某人量身定做……take measures/steps/action to do sth.采取措施做某事
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①As we all know，accurate measurement is very important in science.
②It was Cao Chong who thought of a measure of measuring the weight of the elephant.
③In our daily life，we measure comedies by a high standard.
④Afterwards，the tailor measured me and made a suit to my measure.
⑤Measures are being taken to prevent the river from being polluted.
[单句写作/句型转换]
①当地政府采取的措施将下月生效。
The measures/steps/action taken by the local government will come into effect next month.
②We finally bought a house，which measured about twelve feet by fifteen feet.(用非谓语改写)
→We finally bought a house，measuring about twelve feet by fifteen feet.
2.The bleeding man next to him was looking at his watch nervously;... (教材P9)
bleed (bled; bled) vi.流血；出血；敲诈钱财
bleed for...为……而流血/悲痛bleed to death因出血过多而死亡blood n. 血液
[完成句子]
The wounded soldier could have been saved if he had not been left to bleed_to_death on the battle field.
那名伤兵若不是被遗弃在战场上失血过多而亡的话，他本来是可以得救的。
3.Finally，after he had been waiting for about half an hour，he was called in for his consultation.(教材P9)
?consultation n．就诊；咨询
consult vi.& vt.请教，咨询；商量；查阅consult (with) sb.about/on sth.就某事和某人商量consult a dictionary查字典“查字典”的其他表达方式：look up a word in a dictionary；refer to a dictionary
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①To enhance my health，I consulted a physician(内科医生) and began to eat healthy meals.
②I’ll consult with my partners about/on this significant agreement.
③If you can’t understand the words，consult a dictionary.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①They went into another room for a private consultation(consult)．
②她同父母商量了做这件事的方法。
She consulted with her parents about/on the way to do the matter.
3．I really don’t think I deserve a zero.(教材P11)
?deserve vi.& vt.值得；应受(报答或惩罚)
deserve consideration/attention/praise值得考虑/注意/赞扬deserve to do sth.应该做某事deserve doing＝deserve to be done应该/值得被……类似deserve后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义的动词还有：need，want，require等。
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①The crisis once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.
这个危机再次告诉我们好人有好报。
②Many people say the new circus deserves a visit.
③I think your suggestion deserves trying/to be tried.
[单句语法填空]
①Since he had broken the rule，he deserved punishing/to be punished/punishment(punish)．
②He has worked very hard and deserves to pass(pass) the exam.
4．A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store.(教材P8)
be doing...when...正在做……这时……，when 在此句中意为“就在这时，突然”。常用句型如下：had just done...when...刚刚做完……这时……be about to do...when...正要做……这时……be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①They were walking casually in the street when it began to rain.
②I had just sat down when the light went out，making me terrified.
③I was about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.
④She was on the point of opening the window when someone knocked at the door.
[完成句子]
①John was studying in his room when he heard screams.
约翰正在他的房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。
②Lily was about to study/was on the point of studying when someone knocked at the door.
莉莉正要学习，这时有人敲门。
③He had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
他刚刚上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了。
易学考点 自主研读
1．Some hours later，Holmes woke up and asked his faithful friend，“Watson，look up at the sky and tell me what you see.”(教材P8)
?faithful adj.忠实的；忠诚的
(1)faith n．信任；信心；信念have faith in对……有信心lose faith in对……失去信心(2)faithfully adv.忠实地
①He said that he had faith in the film Wolf Warriors Ⅱ.他说他对电影《战狼2》有信心。
②What I want to know is whether or not you have lost faith in his potential.
我想知道的是你是否对他的潜力失去了信心。
③It is his belief that one cannot be too faithful(faith) to one’s duty.
他相信一个人怎样忠实于自己的职责都不为过。
④He has supported the local team faithfully(faithful) for 30 years.
他30年来一直忠实地支持那支当地的球队。
2．“Well，everything is working OK，” she announced afterwards.(教材P9)
?announce vt.宣布；通告
(1)announce sth.to sb.向某人宣告某事announce that...宣布……It is announced that...据宣布……(2)announcement n．宣布；通告；声明make an announcement下通知；宣布
①The speaker announced the establishment of a new college to the public.
演讲者向公众宣布建立一所新学院。
②We are pleased to announce that all five players have been successful.
我们很高兴地宣布，五名球员都取得了成功。
③It was announced that Tu Youyou was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
据宣布屠呦呦是第一个获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国人。
④The leader is making an important announcement(announce) about astronomy at the moment.
目前这位领导人正在发表一项关于天文学的重要声明。
INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标三语法结构悟通研透.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标三语法结构悟通研透.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\目标三语法结构悟通研透.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\WORD\\目标三语法结构悟通研透.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\WORD\\Unit 4\\目标三语法结构悟通研透.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\马珊珊\\2021\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\WORD\\Unit 4\\目标三语法结构悟通研透.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张潇\\2021\\看幻灯片\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\Unit 4\\目标三语法结构悟通研透.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张潇\\2021\\看幻灯片\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\Unit 4\\目标三语法结构悟通研透.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "E:\\张潇\\2021\\看幻灯片\\同步\\英语 北师 选择性必修第二册\\全书完整的Word版文档\\Unit 4\\目标三语法结构悟通研透.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET 第二板块 语法句式
Activity 1　规律探究
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1.Everything had been going wrong for him.2．So，after he had been feeling depressed for over a month，he decided to go to the doctor.3．Finally，after he had been waiting for about half an hour，he was called in for his consultation.4．And I’ve been doing a lot of work.5．I will be working in the United States for three months.6．This time next week，I’ll be arriving in New York.
进行时态有过去完成进行时，如句1、2、3，现在完成进行时，如句4；和将来进行时，如句5、6。
Activity 2　语法精析
一、现在完成进行时
(一)结构：主语＋have/has＋been＋v.-ing形式。
(二)用法
1．延续：表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在，该活动刚刚结束，或将继续持续下去。
I have been living in Hawaii for ten years.
我在夏威夷已经生活了十年。
She has been burning the midnight oil recently to prepare for GRE.她最近在熬夜准备研究生入学考试。
Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours.汤姆玩网游已经超过二十个小时了。
What’s wrong with you？Have you been crying
你怎么了？你是不是一直在哭？
2．重复：到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的动作。
I have been telling you not to make trouble.
我一直劝你不要找麻烦。
The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years.
那位老人修车修了三十年了。
Jack has been practising tai chi for more than a year.
杰克练太极一年多了。
(三)现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1．现在完成时强调完成和影响；现在完成进行时强调未完成的动作。
He has painted the room.
他已经粉刷过房间了。(影响：墙壁是干净的)
He has been painting the room.
他一直在粉刷房间。(还未粉刷完)
I have thought it over.
我已经考虑过了。(影响：现在可以给出回复)
I have been thinking it over.
我一直在考虑这件事。(还未考虑清楚)
2．现在完成时经常表单个事件；现在完成进行时可表重复事件。
Amy has gone to the library.埃米去图书馆了。
Amy has been going to the library for a year.
埃米在一年间经常去图书馆。
Tom has met the girl in the library again.
汤姆在图书馆再次遇到了那个女孩。
Tom has been meeting the girl in the library lately.
汤姆近来经常在图书馆遇到那个女孩。
3．现在完成时陈述事实；现在完成进行时表感彩。
What have you done？你做什么了？(仅是问问)
I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this，“Dad，I always told you I’d come back and get my degree.”我已经等了30多年才得以说这句话：“老爸，我一直都在告诉你，我会回来拿到学位的。”(难以抑制的兴奋之情)
Where have you been？I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours.
你去哪了？我在雨中等你两个小时了。(不满)
4．表重复时：现在完成时强调成果，讲次数；现在完成进行时强调持续，不讲次数。
I have sent thirty emails this morning.
我今天上午发了三十封电子邮件。
I have been sending emails this morning.
我今天上午一直在发电子邮件。
注意：(1)常用表状态、情感、感觉的动词或短语：
①have，exist，know，belong to等；
②like，love，hate，believe，want，regret，prefer等；
③see，hear，smell，feel，taste等，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。
(2)副词never，yet，already，ever等可用于现在完成时，但不可用于现在完成进行时。
二、过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，该动作可能刚刚终止，也有可能还在继续。
We had been waiting for him for about an hour by the time he came.当他来的时候，我们等他有一个小时了。(动作刚刚终止)
How long had it been raining after he left home 在他离开家后，雨下了有多长时间了？(动作可能还在进行)
(一)结构：主语＋had been＋ v．-ing形式。
(二)用法
1.过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间的关系，可以用时间状语来表示，也可以通过上下文来表示。
By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days.
到上个月底为止，他们在这里工作大约有十天了。
2．过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作已经结束，但其结果仍然影响到过去的某一时刻。
It had been raining and the street was still wet.
天一直在下雨，街道仍然很湿。
3．像 work，study，stay，sing，teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，用过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻，通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。
She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her.
当她的同学来看她的时候，她学习有两个小时了。
(三)过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别。
过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行。
I was writing a letter when she came to see me.
当她来看我时我正在写信。
I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me.
当她来看我的时候，我已经写了两个小时的信了。
(四)过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别。过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。
They had just had breakfast when Tom came in.
汤姆来时，他们刚吃过早饭。
They had been having breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in.
汤姆来时，他们已经吃了十分钟的早饭了。
三、将来进行时用法归纳
(一)结构：主语＋will/shall be＋v.-ing形式。
(二)用法
1．表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。
Don’t phone him between 5 pm and 6 pm.He’ll be having a meeting then.
下午五点至六点之间不要给他打电话，那时他在开会。
2．表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
The train won’t be leaving until one o’clock.
火车一点钟才开。
We shall be going to London next week.
下周我们要去伦敦。
3．常用来表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作。
When shall we be meeting next time
我们下次什么时候见面？
Do come tomorrow! We’ll be expecting you.
明天务必来！我们要等你的。
(三) 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别
1．将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作； 而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。
What will you be doing at seven the day after tomorrow
后天晚上七点你会在做什么呢？
What will you do at seven the day after tomorrow
后天晚上七点你干什么？
2．将来进行时表示已有的安排；而一般将来时表示临时的决定。
I’ll be going to see him after school.
放学后我准备去看他的。
I’ll go to see him after school.
放学后我去看他。
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达标检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.he didn’t want to meet his son at the doorway(门口).
2.It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually (随意地)at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.
3.The girl works very hard. She has an amazing appetite (胃口；食欲)for knowledge.
4.Astronomy (天文学)is a scientific subject made up of mathematics and physics.
5.Blue violet light is potentially (可能地；潜在地)harmful to the back of your eyes.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I (play) basketball with my friends at 3 o’clock tomorrow.
2．She said that she (listen) to the radio after school.
3．The (measure) of individual intelligence is very difficult.
4．Today’s (announce) of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion.
5．He was very careless in his work，so he really deserved (fire)．
6．Pele was always (faith) to sportsmanship(体育精神) as a professional player.
7．Jack and Tom (work) in the library every night over the last three months.
8．He had consulted a number of books the subject in the library before he gave his speech.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．It is time that .
是你该采取有效措施的时候了。
2．It is recommended that you your illness.
有关你的病情，建议你去咨询一下医生。
3．Since they tried hard to train day and night， .
由于他们日夜努力训练，他们理应赢得这场比赛。
his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
will be playing 2. had been listening 3. measurement 4.announcement
firing/to be fired 6.faithful 7.have been working 8. about/on
Ⅱ.完成句子
you took/should take effective measures/steps/action
(should) consult your doctor about/on
they deserved to win the game
Tom was about to close/was on the point of closing the window when
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