新北师大选择性必修二Unit 5 Education Lesson 2& Lesson 3精讲精练（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2& Lesson 3
[语境识词·读前清障]
阅读下列课文原句，猜测句中加黑词的汉语意思。
1．It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.显然的，明显的
2．It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BCE)．原始的
3．They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true.放弃；抛弃
4．And this is still often true today.People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.假定，假设　受尊敬的，受敬重的
5．We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.智慧
[速读课文·理解信息]
Task 1　宏观架构　整体理解
Ⅰ.Skim the passage quickly and then fill in the following blanks.
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Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
1．What’s the very first step of Francis Bacon’s type of thinking
A．Raising questions.
B．Observing the world.
C．Thinking over the possible answers.
D．Testing for a right answer.
2．What do we know from the passage
A．Both Bacon and Galilei were punished for their scientific ideas.
B．At that time，people believed more in religion than in facts.
C．Before Galilei，Aristotle’s theory had influenced people for 1,000 years.
D．The church was against the great philosopher Aristotle for his theory of the universe.
3．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Francis Bacon was going against the views of his day.
B．Galileo Galilei was great to prove the Earth is not the centre of the universe.
C．The Earth is not the centre of the universe and it doesn’t move round the sun in a perfect circle，either.
D．People should question more because great men，even Aristotle and Galilei，might make mistakes.
4．What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the article
A．questions，observe and study，consider and test，find the right answers
B．acquire the knowledge，understanding，find the right answers，consider and test
C．observe，study，consider，find the right answers
D．questions，find the right answers，observe，test
5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．People tend to believe everything that the person they respect says.
B．Galileo proved “the Earth is not the centre of the universe” and he never made mistakes.
C．Knowledge is got by learning not by believing.
D．Civilisation is built on the kingdom of knowledge.
Task 3 　读后升华　思维品质
Activity 1　美句欣赏
1．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that contain contrast.(细读短文并找出含有对比的句子)
2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to explain.(细读短文并找出解释的句子)
Activity 2　文本讨论
1．In modern society，which is more important，knowledge or money Why
答案：In modern society，knowledge is more important. Because knowledge can bring us fortune.
2．What qualities can make you acquire knowledge more effectively
答案：self-discipline ;taking responsibility ;keeping motivated etc.
Activity 3　长句突破　能力提升
分析下面句子结构并翻译：
1.At that time , people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei(1564-1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”,were often published by the church with no one coming to their defence.
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
译文：_______________________________________________________________________________________
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译文：那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略 伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
2.People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so .
分析：_______________________________________________________________________________________
译文：_______________________________________________________________________________________
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译文：如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。
达标检测
课文语法填空
seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.To start with，we need questions.Then,2. (find) answers，we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that，we consider possible 3. (answer) and test each to find the right ones.Modern scientists and thinkers 4. (solve)the world’s problems with this type of analysis.
Our understanding of the world around us is 5. (constant) growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day.We need to thank the great men of the past for 6. (they) wisdom.They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will，as this would mean a world with questions.We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world 7. people like Bacon and Galilei,8. were brave enough to step out from the shadows of 9. (convention) thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation 10. (build) upon.
参考答案
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
答案　(1)A　(2)B　(3)D　(4)A　(5)B
Activity 1　美句欣赏
1.答案　(1)At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.
(2)He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.
2.答案　Therefore，our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say，“We know it all.”
达标检测
课文语法填空
It 2. to find 3. answers 4. are solving 5. constantly
6. their 7. to 8. who 9. conventional 10. is built
语言学习
第一板块 单词短语
Lesson 2核心考点 讲练互动
1.It is a process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of knowledge,skills , values ,attitudes and habits.(课本教材P112)
(1)acquire a knowledge of... 获得……的知识acquire a habit of... 养成……的习惯acquire a taste for... 开始喜欢上……(2)acquired adj. 已取得的；后天获得的
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵　
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
现在我们如何获取知识和理解好像是显而易见的。
[完成句子]
①As far as I know, she has acquired_a_good_knowledge_of English.
据我所知，她英语已经学得很好。
②This beer isn't bad. I'm beginning to acquire_a_taste_for it.
这啤酒不错。我开始爱喝了。
③We should try to acquire_good_habits.
我们应该努力养成好习惯。
2．Obviously，certain kinds of knowledge are necessary not only to pursue certain careers but also to contribute to the world.(教材P110)
?contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿；促成，造成
(1)contribute...to...把……捐献给……；向……投稿contribute to捐赠；捐献；有助于；导致；投稿(2)contribution n．贡献；捐助make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①Strict restrictions could probably contribute to the solution.
②Everyone including educators should make a contribution to our society.
③It is the evidence that will contribute to catching the thief.
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中contribute to的汉语意思
①Many enthusiastic people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to China Daily.
捐款　促使　投稿
②It was his carelessness that contributed to the accident.导致
3．...so that we are able to communicate and expose ourselves to new things.(教材P110)
?expose vt.暴露；揭露，揭发；使曝光；使接触；使体验
expose...to...使显露；暴露；使接触be exposed to暴露于；感染
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①The mother tries to expose her children to some good books.
②He stole a purse just now and was exposed to the police.
③It is apparent that being exposed to sunlight for long will do harm to one’s skin.
[单句语法填空/句式升级]
①I insist that you should try not to make your children exposed(expose) to violence.
②Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.(改为分词短语作状语)
→Exposed to very loud music every day，young people may risk going deaf.
→Exposing themselves to very loud music every day，young people may risk going deaf.
4．It makes people behave with integrity...(教材P111)
?behave v．举动；(举止或行为)表现
(1)behave well/badly表现好/差behave oneself表现得体，有礼貌；行为规矩(2)behavio(u)r n．举止，行为；习性behavio(u)r towards/to...对……的行为/态度
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①The young man behaved badly，which made his girlfriend disappointed.
②The woman asked her son to behave himself at the party.
③The boss was not satisfied with his behavior towards/to customers.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①What do you think of the comedian’s behavio(u)r(behave) at the stage that day
②这个在学校表现很好的男孩竟然对他妈妈撒谎，真是让人惊讶。
It is surprising that this boy who behaves well at school should lie to his mother.
5．In conclusion，education is important not only because...(教材P111)
?conclusion n．结论；结束
(1)reach/come to/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论in conclusion＝to conclude总之，最后(2)conclude v．结束；推断出，断定conclude...from...从……中推断出……conclude (from sth.) that...(从某事中)推断出……；(从某事中)断定……conclude sth.with.../by doing...以……结束……
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①He concluded/drew a conclusion that the film was well worth seeing.
②What we can conclude from the conversation is of great significance.
③The philosopher concluded his speech with a famous saying.
④In conclusion，the ceremony is a great success.
[句型转换/完成句子]
①I concluded from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.
→I drew/reached a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.
②In conclusion，walking is a cheap，safe，enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
总之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。
6．What about the students’ responsibility (教材P111)
?responsibility n．责任；职责
(1)take/have responsibility for对……负责a sense of responsibility责任感(2)responsible adj.负责任的，对……负责的be responsible for对……负责
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①You are in charge of the company，so you should take responsibility for what you said.
②I am convinced that childhood activities help a child develop a sense of responsibility.
③You are responsible for cleaning the bath this weekend.
[一句多译]
我丈夫负责组织了这次旅行。
①My husband took/had responsibility for organizing the trip.(responsibility)
②My husband was responsible for organizing the trip.(responsible)
达标检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．How can he form any __________ (judge) of the matter without the complex figures
2．They compared how these organisms ________ (表现) when exposed to different materials.
3．There is no general agreement on a standard ________ (定义) of circumstance.
4．They represent the country's culture, humanity, nature and economics __________ (各自地)．
5．I think we have a moral ____________ (责任) to help these countries.
6．We will gradually improve ourselves and relentlessly ________ (追求) perfection.
7．It is difficult enough to give objective judgement and be ________ (批评的) of our own mistakes.
8．He was a man of forceful character, with considerable ________ (洞察力) and brilliant mind.
9．I was not only educated academically, but I was also taught how to be a person with strong ________ (诚实，正直)．
10．Citizens' education is an important means to enhance citizens' quality ________ (道德上)．
答案：1.judgement 2.behaved 3.definition 4.respectively 5.responsibility 6.pursue 7.critical
8.insight 9.integrity 10.morally
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Our (responsible) is to bring down the level of unemployment.
2．My mother is always telling me to behave and have sympathy for others.
3．In (conclude)，you must convince me of your ability to be an educator.
4．Smoking does contribute lung cancer gradually，so you must give up smoking.
5．As we all know，it is a good idea (expose) to the real language environment.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．We the earthquake fund last year.
去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。
2．Teachers should as many real life situations as possible.
老师们应该让学生尽可能多地接触真实的生活环境。
3．I wondered if in the face of danger.
我不知道这个孩子在面临危险时是否表现得体。
4．I that he was hard-working.
从这些事实中我可以推断出他很勤奋。
5．We are supposed to to lead a low-carbon lifestyle，which is of great significance.
我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
responsibility 2. myself 3. conclusion 4. to 5. to be exposed
Ⅱ.完成句子
contributed much money to
expose students to
the child behaved properly
drew a conclusion/concluded from the facts
undertake the responsibility
Lesson 3:核心考点 讲练互动
1．At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue...(教材P37)
?approve vt.批准；认可 vi.赞成
(1)approve of sth.同意/赞成某事approve of sb./sb.’s doing sth.同意/赞成某人做某事(2)approval n．赞同，同意；认可；批准give one’s approval to赞同；批准meet with one’s approval得到某人的认可(3)approving adj.赞许的；认可的
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①The course is approved by the Department of Education.
②Initially，the parents didn’t approve of their son’s marriage，but they gave in to their son at last.
③What made me disappointed was that my new plan failed to meet with my boss’ approval.
[单句语法填空]
①I’m very glad that my parents have approved of me buying(buy) a new purse.
②His plan was approved，and the approval won him many approving glances.(approve)
?urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n．强烈的欲望；冲动
(1)urge sth.on sb.向某人强调某事urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事urge that...主张……(从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)(2)have an urge to do sth.有做某事的冲动(3)urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①I never had an urge to learn any sign language before.
②The central government urges the importance of safety in production on local mines.
③I’m sorry to interrupt you，but it’s really urgent and significant.
[一句多译]
当地政府敦促这几家工厂试验这些机器人。
①The local government urged that these factories (should) test out the robots.
②The local government urged these factories to test out the robots.
2．They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true.(教材P37)
?abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃 n．放任；放纵
(1)abandon doing sth.放弃做某事abandon oneself to沉溺于……，纵情于……(to为介词)(2)with abandon无约束地，放任地(3)abandoned adj.被遗弃的；被抛弃的；废弃的be abandoned to沉湎于……
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①However，these plans were abandoned because of potential problems.
②By no means shall we abandon searching for the missing people.
③Hearing the satisfying result，all the staff were shouting and cheering with abandon.
④Those who abandon themselves to pretending to have understood can’t succeed.
[完成句子]
①My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.
我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。
②He is abandoned to reading all kinds of books in his spare time.
闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。
3．These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind...(教材P37)
?beneficial adj.有益的；有利的；有用的
(1)be beneficial to sb.对某人有益处(2)benefit n．好处；利益；优势 v．有益于；有助于；受益be of benefit to sb.对某人有益处for the benefit of...为了……的利益benefit from/by...从……中受益，得益于……
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①It’s obvious to us that doing eye exercises benefits our eyes，and that’s to say，our eyes can benefit from doing eye exercises.
②The faithful soldier lost his life for the benefit of his motherland.
③This is an agreement that is greatly beneficial to both parties.
→This is an agreement which is of great benefit to both parties.
[一句多译]
良好的饮食有利于我们的健康。
①A good diet is beneficial to our health.(beneficial)
②A good diet benefits our health.(benefit v．)
③A good diet is of benefit to our health.(benefit n．)
4．It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.(教材P36)
(1)It seems/seemed that...是一个固定句型，表示“看来……；似乎有……”，该句型可转换为：Sb./Sth.seems/seemed＋不定式。(2)含seem的其他相关句型还有：It seems＋adj./n.＋to do sth.做某事看起来好像……It seems as if/as though/like...看起来好像……
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①It seems that they used the stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.
②It seems difficult to expand the vocabulary by heart in a short time.
③To our excitement，it seems as if our team is going to win.
[完成句子/一句多译]
①It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
②看来他适合现在的工作。
→It seems that he is fit for the present job.
→He seems to be fit for the present job.
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易学考点 自主研读
1. ...his true interest was not the day-to-day，slow and inefficient working style of the government，but the worthy search for knowledge.(教材P36)
?worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
worthwhile It’s worthwhile doing ... 值得做某事
It’s worthwhile to do ...
worth be worth＋n. 值得……，值……
be worth doing “某事值得被做”，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义
worthy be worthy of＋n. 值得……
be worthy of being done “某事值得被做”，接动名词的被动式
be worthy to be done “某事值得被做”，用不定式的被动式
①When you encounter such difficulty，this suggestion is worthy of being considered/to be considered.
当你遇到这样的困难的时候，这个建议值得考虑。
[选词填空]　worthwhile，worth，worthy
②The book，written by a famous writer，is well worth reading again.
③With the goal to make your dream come true，it’s worthwhile to study hard.
④In such a situation，the topic “how to protect the environment” is worthy to be discussed.
2.We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei...(教材P37)
?owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；归因于
(1)owe sb.sth./owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物owe sth.to sb./sth.把某事归功于某人或某事owe it to sb.that...把……归功于某人(2)owing to因为，由于
①Thanks for helping me so much.I owe you a favor.
谢谢你帮了我那么多。我欠你一个人情。
②The winner said that he should owe his success to his patient coach.
这位获胜者说，他应该把他的成功归功于他耐心的教练。
③Was it owing to the bad weather that they had to change the schedule of leaving
是因为恶劣的天气他们才不得不改变了离开的日程吗？
3.People make the consumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so.(课本教材P37)
assume v．假定；假装；承担
(1)assume sb./sth.to be　　假定某人/某事为
It is assumed that...　　……被认为
(2)assumption n．　　　　　　假定；假设
make an assumption　　认为，假定
on the assumption that　　　　　　假定
(3)assuming that...　　　假设/假定……
Where unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
在那些失业率和犯罪率都很高的地方，我们可以认为后者的发生归因于前者。
◎ 巧学巧练——单句语法填空
①_________(assume) that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money
答案：　Assuming
②We must assume him ____________(be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
答案：　to be
③A lot of people make the________(assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.
答案：　assumption
④It__________(assume) that there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
答案：　is assumed
达标检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She seemed to have always been under the ________ (阴影) of her father, although she was brilliant.
2．He will try his best to help the royal member by means of his ___________ (传统的) medical knowledge.
3．Good financial accounts are ________ (极其重要的) to the success of any company.
4．Educational practice shows that differential teaching is ________ (有利的) for students' development and judgement.
5．This book describes the march of the _____________ (文明) of a primitive society.
6．To our joy, the respected Minister says the idea is ________ (值得……的) of consideration.
7．________ (原始的) humans needed to be able to react quickly with their wisdom to escape from dangerous animals.
8．I ________ (赞成) of the doctor's order to keep him in the room till he abandoned smoking.
9．According to this __________ (假设), we can reach the conclusion as above.
10．It is accepted ________ (智慧) that science has been partly responsible for the decline of religion.
答案：1.shadow 2.conventional 3.vital 4.beneficial 5.civilisation 6.worthy 7.Primitive
8.approved 9.assumption 10.wisdom
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller.
2．The comedian said that he would owe his success his dear teachers.
3．As we all know，the comedian is a man worthy of (praise)．
4．The little boy kept nodding his head to show his (approve)．
5．It is generally accepted that cycling is highly (benefit) to our health.
6．At the party，all the people present including a politician sang and danced abandon.
7．The villagers urged the government (take) active measures to protect the environment.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He has been there many times.No wonder he for holidays.
他去过那儿很多次了。难怪他不赞成去那儿度假。
2．The fact makes her crazy.
她的儿子已经放弃了学习，这个事实让她发狂。
3．It’s my fault.I really .
这是我的错。我真的应该向那个女孩道歉。
to drink some milk or listen to music before going to bed.
睡觉前喝点牛奶或听音乐是有益的。
he is content with what he has achieved.
他似乎对自己的成就感到满意。
达标检测
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
It 2. to 3. being praised 4. approval 5. beneficial 6. with 7. to take/(should) take
Ⅲ.完成句子
doesn’t approve of going there
that her son has abandoned his study
owe that girl an apology
It is beneficial/of benefit
It seems that
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