2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解专题练习（含解析）

Passage one
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景)can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar,either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours away to shoot within 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin,to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线)so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
1.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
2.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A.Proper time management.
B.Good shooting techniques.
C.Adventurous spirit.
D.Distinctive styles.
3.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
4.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A.Amusing.　　　　 B.Satisfying.
C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.
Passage two
True, people remember what you wear. After a social event, we all remember the woman in red, or the man with the top hat. But in terms of making a good impression, being memorable is not just about novelty or fashion, but attraction, both physical and emotional.
In a 2020 study, Andre Ndobo found people tended to remember the extremes: both attractive and unattractive faces. He acknowledged that one suggested explanation was that both are characterised by distinctive features that promote facial recognition when compared with faces of average attractiveness. But while distinctiveness is memorable, beauty is skin-deep. Accordingly, the way you are remembered by others is often not about what you wear and how you look but about the way you make people feel.
Professional interaction can create positive personal memories. Adrie A.Koehler, in a piece entitled “In the Eye of the Beholder” (2017), found that when asked to recall their best learning experience, many students discussed their memorable teacher. What made the teachers memorable According to the students, memorable qualities included not only teaching styles, but also interpersonal skills and positive qualities such as a sense of humour.
We can relate to the results of this study when recalling people who are memorable in our own lives. They are not always people who we believed to be the smartest or most believed, but often those who made us feel the most comfortable, and who were most interested in us. Sincere interest is uniquely attractive. Not only will you remember what someone said, but they will also remember you.
Regardless of what we wear or how we look, we are always naturally more appealing and approachable when we focus on others and when we are genuine rather than simply sociable. Remember that, and others will remember you.
5.WhyisanunattractivefacerememberedaccordingtoAndreNdobo
A.It creates positive memories.
B.There’s something special about it.
C.It makes people feel uncomfortable.
D.People often try hard to avoid seeing it.
6.What can we infer from the text
A.Smart people are especially attractive.
B.Teaching styles impress students most.
C.The best learning experience is hard to gain.
D.Sincere attention is useful in communication.
7.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.You are what you wear
B.Mind the impression you make
C.How can we improve our self-image
D.What do people remember about you
Passage three
For nearly every step of his almost 12-mile walk, Darryl Dyer has company. Flocks of crows follow him, signalling each other, because they all know that he’s the guy with the peanuts.
“They know your body type, the way you walk,” Dyer said.
Scientists for years have known that crows have great memories, that they can recognise a human face and behaviour, and can pass that information onto their babies.
Nowadays, researchers are trying to understand more about the crow’s brain and behaviour, specifically what it does when the birds see one of their own die. They react loudly to the dead, but the reasons aren’t entirely known. Among the guesses is that they are mourning; losing a partner could be a significant moment for the social animals. Crows place sticks and other objects on dead birds—a funeral of sorts.
“Crows have evolved to have these complex social relationships, and they have a big brain,” said Kaeli Swift, who led the study.
How big is a brain Crows are similar to smart mammals, like dolphins and monkeys, in brain-to-body proportion(比例). They have been known to be problem solvers and are among the few animals recorded to use tools.
In another part of the experiment, using slightly radioactive tracers, researchers measured the brain activity of crows after they were shown a dead bird. The scans showed the section of the hippocampus—the part involved in memory formation—light up at the sight of death.“In that particular situation at least, that crow was learning about a place, or a face, or a situation and associated it with that dead crow,” said Johin Marzluff, the lead researcher.
8.WhatdoesDarrylDyersayaboutthecrows
A.They have good teamwork.
B.They want to get to know him.
C.They like peanuts best.
D.They are familiar with him.
9.What can be learned from the text
A.Crows behave badly to each other.
B.Crows can’t remember things well.
C.Crows can acquire information from their parents.
D.Crows mourn their partners’ death in a silent way.
10.What is the best title for the text
A.Crows are friends of humans
B.A big brain makes crows intelligent
C.Crows can memorize things
D.Crows hold a funeral for the dead
Passage four
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
11.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
12.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
13.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
14.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
Passage five
Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classroom material. Crede, an associate professor of psychology, was skeptical that something as simple as a quiz could positively affect students’ academic performance. He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea. What he discovered truly surprised him.
Crede analysed data from previously published studies that examined 52 classes with almost 8,000 students, to determine if frequent quizzes improved the students’ academic performance. Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.
Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes. He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes. The other surprising thing was how much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances of passing a class went through the roof where instructors used this. In addition to quiz frequency, another factor that seemed to positively affect students’ performance was immediate feedback from instructors. Also, quizzes that required students to answer with written responses proved more beneficial to their understanding of classroom material compared to multiple-choice questions.
Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes. Instead, it is recommended that instructors give online quizzes that can be automatically graded by a course management system. Quiz attributes(属性) proved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pop quizzes or planned, or if they were online or on paper.
15.What did Crede do to ensure his study’s accuracy
A.He focused on what happened in classrooms.
B.He researched as many students as he could.
C.He made laboratory settings as real as possible.
D.He gave easy quizzes to make every student do well.
16.What did Crede discover in his study
A.Frequent quizzes could remove students’ failure in classes.
B.Instructors’ feedback was more important than frequent quizzes.
C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful to the struggling students.
D.Multiple-choice questions shouldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.
17.What may be a disadvantage of frequent quizzes for teachers
A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.
B.Having too many exam papers to mark.
C.Being unable to get appropriate test material.
D.Finding it hard to choose the right type.
18.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext
A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passion for Creation
B.Quizzes Improve Academic Performance
C.Quizzes Create a Heavy Burden
D.Quizzes Increase Boredom
Passage six
Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the males take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort into the nest.
The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, the males fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organised groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.
The males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.
Doting(宠爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some frog species, the dads also warn the mums when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed.
19.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Children. 　　　 B.Relatives.
C.Friends. D.Colleagues.
20.What can we infer about the male anemone fish
A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.
B.They are much larger than the female anemone fish.
C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.
D.They frequently make attacks on other animals.
21.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish
A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish.
B.The young fish are already independent.
C.The living environment is worse.
D.The dad is in a state of aging.
22.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext
A.The Model Father in the Animal Kingdom
B.The New Role of the Male Anemone Fish
C.The Really Caring Caregivers in Life
D.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。 文章叙述了作者不畏艰险, 拍摄出高质量的风景照的故事。
1.B　解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段的“Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetravelleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithin10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.”可知, 为了拍摄一些风景照片, 作者经常和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险, 沿途拍照。 故选B项。
2.A　解析 细节理解题。 根据第三段的“Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.”可知, 作者认为拍照成功的关键在于, 在正确的时间出现在正确的地点, 即适当的时间管理。 故选A项。
3.C　解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段的“However,wedidnotmarktheroutesoweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.”可知, 作者他们险些错过了日落, 即到达拍摄地点比预计的晚了一些。 故选C项。
4.B　解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段最后一句“Stilllookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.”可知, 作者认为尽管还有些缺憾, 但照片拍得还是不错的, 作者对此感到很满意。 故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们对别人哪些方面的表现更容易留下深刻印象。
5.B　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “...botharecharacterisedbydistinctivefeaturesthatpromotefacialrecognitionwhencomparedwithfacesofaverageattractiveness.” 可知, 一张没有吸引力的脸会被记住是因为它有一些特别之处。故选B项。
6.D　解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的 “Sincereinterestisuniquelyattractive.Notonlywillyourememberwhatsomeonesaid,buttheywillalsorememberyou.” 可知, 真诚的关注在沟通中是有用的。故选D项。
7.D　解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “Butintermsofmakingagoodimpression,beingmemorableisnotjustaboutnoveltyorfashion,butattraction,bothphysicalandemotional.” 以及后文的描述可知,D项是最好的标题。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过乌鸦辨认人的事例和科学家对乌鸦向亲属悼念的实验得出结论:乌鸦拥有较大的大脑, 这使得它们更加聪明。
8.D　解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段的“Theyknowyourbodytype,thewayyouwalk...” 可知, 乌鸦们对他很熟悉。故选D项。
9.C　解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段“Scientistsforyearshaveknownthatcrowshavegreatmemories,thattheycanrecogniseahumanfaceandbehaviour,andcanpassthatinformationontotheirbabies.”可知, 科学家花费数年的时间得知乌鸦有很好的记忆力, 它们可以识别人脸和行为,并且能把那些信息传递给它们的孩子。 由此推知, 乌鸦可以从其父母那里获取信息。故选C项。
10.B　解析 标题归纳题。 文章通过介绍乌鸦辨认人的事例及科学家的一系列关于乌鸦记忆力的实验证明, 乌鸦聪明的原因是它拥有较大的大脑, 所以文章主要想介绍的是乌鸦的大脑使它们聪明。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了无人机的各种优势、 对铁路系统做出的诸多贡献以及未来的应用方向。
11.A　解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句可知, 无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线, 这使得它被应用于铁路系统成为可能。 故选A项。
12.C　解析 词义猜测题。 根据第三段中的“...toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可以推断出, 画线单词指的就是“维修, 维护”。 故选C项。
13.A　解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知, 人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报, 确保列车能及时应对问题, 从而提高安全系数。 故选A项。
14.D　解析 标题归纳题。 通读全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围, 以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向, 因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到一项研究发现, 经常进行小测验会对学生的成绩有积极的影响。
15.A　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.” 可知, 为确保研究的准确性,Crede排除了实验室环境下的研究资料, 而关注学生在课堂上的表现。故选A项。
16.C　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinaclassseemedtobenefitthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.” 可知, 频繁的小测验对那些学习有困难的学生尤其有用。故选C项。
17.B　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Askingteacherstogradewrittenquizzesdailyorweeklymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.” 可知, 要求老师每天或每周给笔试打分而产生的工作量可能会阻碍一些老师在课堂上实施这些做法。故选B项。
18.B　解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “Hedecidedtodigdeeperandconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.” 和第三段的 “Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedoverclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theytendedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamscomparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.” 可知, 本文主要讲述了Crede通过研究证明, 经常进行小测验会对学生成绩有积极的影响, 因此B项是最佳标题。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了有的雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代。
19.A　解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句 “Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.” 可推测, 画线词意为 “后代, 孩子”。故选A项。
20.C　解析 推理判断题。第二段提到雄性海葵鱼帮忙保护巢穴, 给巢穴提供源源不断的氧气并保持周围环境的清洁; 第三段提到雄性海葵鱼在卵孵化期间保持卵的清洁, 保护它们不被吃掉; 第四段提到雄性海葵鱼保护刚出生的幼鱼, 并把那些离巢太远的幼鱼带回来。由以上信息可推知, 雄性海葵鱼是非常优秀的父亲。故选C项。
21.B　解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Oncethefishgrowup,theybecomealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackintohisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehecan’tkeeptrackofthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.” 可知, 这意味着幼鱼长大并独立了。故选B项。
22.A　解析 标题归纳题。根据全文内容, 尤其是第一段 “Becomingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefishforexample.” 可知, 文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代, 因而A项 “动物王国里的模范父亲” 是最佳标题。故选A项。