2024届高考英语二轮总复习： 阅读理解 能力升级练（含解析）

Passage 1
For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.
The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.
The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.
Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!
As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!
1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout
A.The information of industrial revolution.
B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
C.The reasons of climate change.
D.The result of extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Some measures are still required to take.
C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.
D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text
(P:Paragraph)
Passage 2
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Dami n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
4.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Dami n Blasi’s research focus on
A.Its variety.
B.Its distribution.
C.Its quantity.
D.Its development.
5.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
6.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
7.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A.It is key to effective communication.
B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C.It is a complex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evolution of human beings.
Passage 3
Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson. I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.
To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.
Throughout my past life as an accountant, a business author and speaker, I volunteered in many fields and many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.
8.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2
A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.
B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.
C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.
D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.
9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but worthwhile.
C.Funny and enjoyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What could be the best title for the passage
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Volunteering: A Journey Back
D.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson
Passage 4
Storyland company right now opens the door for new young professionals, artists and passionate drama teachers.
We are looking for someone, who is in love with Art, Art Education and kids. Joining this position you will be working on educational art programmes to develop students’ imagination, creativity, and taste for art and beauty.
●Work with younger students (between the ages of 3 and 5), but also be ready to work with elder kids
●Be ready to work with students with varying levels of English
●Candidates won’t be teaching English, he/she will be teaching Drama and Theatre Studies, so make sure you are experienced and professional in that area
●Caring, passionate, motivated (younger than 40 years old, as you will be joining young growing team)
●High energy and flexibility
●Willing and ready to commit at least 2 years for the project (with contract signing)
●Flexible work hours depending on schedule with no more than 40 hours per week
Requirements
●A passionate, warm, and caring personality
●Good teamwork skills
●Experience in teaching children is a plus
WageandBenefitsPackage
●18,000-20,000 RMB before tax per month depending on experience
●7-day paid vacation
●A working visa is provided
●Medical insurance
●Annual company trips
We are innovative and fast-growing. If you want to share your story and are searching for your dream land—Join Us Now!
11.Who is Storyland working for
A.Young professionals.
B.Artists.
C.Drama teachers.
D.Kids.
12.Which of the following statements is TRUE
A.Employees will work with kids who can speak good English.
B.Employees should be energetic and flexible.
C.Employees will get a salary of 18,000-20,000 RMB after tax per month.
D.Employees should pay for medical insurance by themselves.
13.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom
A.A job-hunting website.
B.A book on art.
C.A research paper.
D.A news report.
Passage 5
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
14.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
15.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
16.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Problem.　　　　B.History.
C.Voice. D.Society.
17.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom
A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld
B.AShortHistoryofAustralia
C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects
D.HowArtWorksTellStories
Passage 6
For most of us, the world’s southernmost point seems like a pretty place, but for Hannah, Hannalore, Sophie and Julia, it’s home. Each year they spend five months living and working in Port welcoming visiting ships and, best of all, watching over the local penguins(企鹅).
They live on a tiny island, but share it with about 2,000 gentoo penguins and their chicks, as well as other birds. Life here is different every day and depends on weather and ice conditions, as well as the visiting ships’ schedules. Port Lockroy is one of the most visited places in Antarctica, with one to three ships visiting a day. Between ship visits they have other duties to attend to. These include maintenance jobs, sending postcards from the post office, checking conditions on the historical items in the museum and monitoring the penguin colonies and other wildlife.
Hannah spends much time stamping people’s postcards, which makes her happy. For Sophie, the most amazing thing about her job is being able to live and work with her feathery friends, the penguins. Sophie says they have to make sure the penguins are not disturbed when they are resting or waddling(摇摆地行走) their way back to their nests. They mark specific routes for visitors to walk on so that they don’t use the penguins’ highways.
18.What can we learn from the passage
A.How to live and work in Antarctica.
B.What the real life is like in Antarctica.
C.What the four women do in Antarctica.
D.How to explore the beauty of Antarctica.
19.Which of the following is TRUE about Port Lockroy
A.Postcards from Port Lockroy are free of charge.
B.Port Lockroy welcomes the most tourists in Antarctica.
C.Weather is a factor to consider if people are to visit Port Lockroy.
D.When visiting Port Lockroy, tourists can travel wherever as they like.
20.Inwhichcolumnofthenewspaperareyoumostlikelytoreadthepassage
A.Book review.
B.People in the news.
C.Economics and business.
D.Sports and events.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C　解析 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句 “Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenicinnature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D　解析 推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了瑞士苏黎世大学的一个研究小组对唇齿音演化的研究结果。
4.D　解析 推理判断题。 根据第二段的“NowateamofresearchersledbyDami nBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.(现在, 由瑞士苏黎世大学的Dami nBlasi领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。)” 可知,Blasi的研究专注于它的发展过程。 故选D项。
5.C　解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals...(他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难发出唇齿音……)” 可知, 古代成年人上下颚的构造很难发唇齿音。 故选C项。
6.A　解析 段落大意题。 第五段提到“对语言数据库的分析还证实, 新石器时代之后, 世界语言的声音发生了全球变化, ‘f’和‘v’的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。 这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到”。由此可知, 本段为研究的结果提供了证据。 故选A项。
7.C　解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的“...wefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution...” 可知, 这是一个复杂动态的体系。 故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C　解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,...twovolunteersgroomthehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowhere...There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety...Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。
9.B　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers...totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildren...Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很累人; 再根据第三段的 “Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.” 和最后一段的 “Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。
10.C　解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己。也就是说, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此,C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Storyland公司的招聘事宜。
11.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Wearelookingforsomeone,whoisinlovewithArt,ArtEducationandkids.” 可知,Storyland公司是为孩子们工作的。故选D项。
12.B　解析 细节理解题。根据文中的“Highenergyandflexibility”可知, 雇员应精力充沛并具有灵活性。故选B项。
13.A　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段 “Storylandcompanyrightnowopensthedoorfornewyoungprofessionals,artistsandpassionatedramateachers.” 和后文的形式及内容可知,Storyland公司在进行招聘, 所以这样的文章很可能来自一个求职网站。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。 文章阐述了文字和实物史料共同记录历史的重要性, 不能仅凭文字记载历史。
14.A　解析 段落大意题。 通读第一段内容可知, 作者认为不能只通过文本来讲述历史, 因为世界上大多数地方在大多数时候都没有文字, 而且许多有文字的社会在记录时也不仅用文字, 而是用实物。 作者开篇点题, 引出了文章所要讨论的主题: 应如何呈现过去的事件。 故选A项。
15.D　解析 推理判断题。 根据本段第一句话可知, 作者提及CaptainCook是在暗示他的记录是单方面的, 是片面的。 本段举例是为了论证, 只有文字是不全面的, 还需要有实物。 故选D项。
16.B　解析 词义猜测题。 根据画线词前部分中的“...ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.”可知, 此处的conversation指的是“历史”。 同时重申本文论点: 要了解历史, 不仅需要文字, 还需要有实物。 故选B项。
17.C　解析 推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段中的“Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.”和“ahistorytoldthroughthings”以及“...wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.”可知, 本文最有可能选自AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了Hannah、Hannalore、Sophie和Julia在南极洲一个港口迎接来访的船只并照看本地企鹅的故事。
18.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “Formostofus,theworld’ssouthernmostpointseemslikeaprettyplace,butforHannah,Hannalore,SophieandJulia,it’shome.Eachyeartheyspendfivemonthslivingandworking...” 以及下文对这四位女性在南极洲工作的介绍可知, 我们可以从文中了解到这四位女性在南极洲做什么。故选C项。
19.C　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Lifehereisdifferenteverydayanddependsonweatherandiceconditions,aswellasthevisitingships’schedules.” 可知, 这里的生活每天都不同, 取决于天气、冰况, 还有船只的日程安排。由此推知, 如果人们要去这个港口, 天气是一个需要考虑的因素。故选C项。
20.B　解析 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知, 文章主要讲述了四位女性在南极洲的一个港口迎接来访的船只并照看本地企鹅的故事。由此推知, 本文主讲了四位女性, 所以最有可能在报纸的 “新闻人物” 专栏里读到这篇文章。故选B项。