2024届高考英语 二轮复习 ：阅读理解 专题练习（含解析）

Passage 1
To improve a high schooler’s chance of getting into a top university, the summer programmes allow young students to explore fields of interest and get a taste of college life.
TellurideAssociationSummerProgramme (TASP)
TASP is a six-week programme allowing high school freshmen from around the world to grow their sense of interpersonal awareness and community responsibility. It’s completely free, including the cost of tuition, books and even travel.
MinorityIntroductiontoEngineeringandScience (MITES)
The aim of this week-long programme is that all US high school students can develop the skills necessary for future job in engineering while learning about the value and reward of acquiring advanced technical degrees. MITES is free except for the transportation.
ClarkScholarProgramme (CSP)
High school students coming from across the globe are offered the unique opportunity to gain hands-on research experience in mathematics field while working with teaching staff over four intense weeks. Everything is free for chosen applicants except for their meals.
JCamp
The seven-week one brings high school freshmen and sophomores from various backgrounds together for participating in sessions and workshops led by notable journalists where students can get hands-on training in journalism. JCamp is free if selected—participants only need to pay for the board.
1.What can be expected of MITES
A.It is accessible to worldwide students.
B.It lays a foundation for career prospects.
C.It makes no extra charge for transportation.
D.It awards students advanced technical degrees.
2.Which programme is suitable for a UK high schooler with up to 5 spare weeks
A.TASP.　　　　　B.MITES.
C.CSP. D.JCamp.
3.Whatisthesharedgoaloftheprogrammes
A.To seek for one-on-one instruction.
B.To develop a sense of social duty.
C.To get participants better prepared for college.
D.To advertise some majors of the top universities.
Passage 2
Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant(肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys—but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver(肝脏) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published, and the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this.“You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune(免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hope that the groundbreaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase.
4.What did Deveza do to save her mother
A.Carrying out a case study.
B.Calling for kidney donations.
C.Launching a medical experiment.
D.Trading half her liver for a kidney.
5.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Patients’ desperation to survive.
B.Several sources of organ donation.
C.Current situation of organ transplants.
D.Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
6.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheorganexchangebetweenDevezaandSimmons
A.It discouraged organ donation.
B.It brought two families together.
C.It met with widespread approval.
D.It produced a desirable outcome.
7.What is the best title for the text
A.My Liver, Your Kidney
B.Mother’s Love, Our Happiness
C.Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients
D.Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances
Passage 3
Some time ago, in my class I was about to fail a student for his answer to a physics question when the student claimed he deserved a better score.
“Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计).” The student had answered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower the barometer to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of the rope is the height of the building.”
I argued that a high grade should prove his competence in physics, but the answer did not confirm this. I suggested that the student have another try. Immediately, he worked out his answer: A second best way is to take the barometer to the top of the building. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the formula to calculate the height of the building.
I was shocked by his answer. His method gave me not only a broken barometer but a U-turn in my teaching philosophy. I gave him full marks.
On his leaving my office, I recalled that he suggested there could be a better answer. So I asked him what it was.“Oh, yes,” said the student.“There are many ways. Probably the best,” he said, “is to take the barometer to the basement and ask the superintendent(管理人). You speak to him as follows: Mr Superintendent, here I have a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of this building, I will give it to you.”
At this point, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school instructors’ trying to teach him how to think, and to use the so-called “scientific method”. He just wanted to solve the problem in a practical manner, not just answer the question in an expected way. Hearing this, I really had nothing to do but give the boy a firm handshake, feeling thankful that I hadn’t failed him in the first place.
8.Why did the author want to fail the student in the first place
A.The student challenged his authority.
B.The student’s answer was not practical.
C.The student didn’t show his academic ability.
D.The student had a poor performance in physics class.
9.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’snewteachingphilosophy
A.Without love, there is no education.
B.A man becomes learned by asking questions.
C.Teaching is to make two ideas grow where only one grew before.
D.You can lead your horse to the river, but you can’t make it drink.
10.What made the student abandon the conventional answer
A.Lack of physics-related knowledge.
B.Ignorance of the teacher’s expectation.
C.Intention to deeply impress his teacher.
D.Disapproval of existing teaching concepts.
11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext
A.The superintendent was a greedy person.
B.School education restricted this student’s thinking.
C.The teacher appreciated the student’s answers finally.
D.The examination question is a tough physics problem.
Passage 4
King’s College London Volunteering is looking for paid members to sit on the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering. The Board plays an important role in influencing the development and delivery of the volunteering service. Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students, teachers and other staff at school.
Volunteering, which has the potential to create positive social impact, is a key priority for King’s. The Board will ensure that students’ needs are at the core of the service so that all King’s students can make a difference.
This year, the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering will co-create the agenda, and potential topics include:
Volunteering opportunities for the disabled.
Promotion of the Board’s service.
How to recognise and reward volunteers.
Evaluation of the Board’s work.
This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at King’s, regardless of how much or how little you have volunteered. The Board will be run both online and in-person, and its members will be paid the London Living Wage (￡11.95 per hour).
The application deadline is 23:59 on Friday.
Apply via the form below, using your King’s email address.
12.WhatdoestheBoardaimtodoforthoseatKing’s
A.Perform voluntary work.
B.Meet their academic needs.
C.Provide learning opportunities.
D.Discover volunteering chances.
13.Which of the following is a possible topic for this year’s agenda
A.Running the Board online.
B.Training voluntary workers.
C.Assessing the Board’s performance.
D.Taking care of people with disabilities.
14.WhocanapplytobeamemberoftheBoardatKing’s
A.The students.
B.The teachers.
C.The graduates.
D.The working staff.
Passage 5
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain, ” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
15.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
16.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
17.WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
18.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
Passage 6
WheretoEatinBangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
IssayaSiameseClub
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai Chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009.Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food.For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
19.What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A.They adopt modern cooking methods.
B.They have branches in London.
C.They have top-class chefs.
D.They are based in hotels.
20.Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu
A.Gaggan.
B.Bo.lan.
C.Issaya Siamese Club.
D.Nahm.
21.What is special about Gaggan
A.It hires staff from India.
B.It puts on a play every day.
C.It serves hard-to-find local dishes.
D.It shows the cooking process to guests.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以帮助学生为上大学做好准备的暑期项目。
1.B　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “Theaimofthisweek-longprogrammeisthatallUShighschoolstudentscandeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhilelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.” 可知,MITES有望为职业前景打下基础。故选B项。
2.C　解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 “Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperience...overfourintenseweeks.” 可知,CSP项目适合最多有5周空闲时间的英国高中生。故选C项。
3.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段 “Toimproveahighschooler’schanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogrammesallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.” 并结合文章介绍的四个暑期项目可知, 这些项目的共同目标是让参与者为上大学做好准备。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Deveza成功用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈。
4.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.”可知,Deveza用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈。故选D项。
5.C　解析 段落大意题。通过阅读并结合第三段的关键句“...thereareneverenoughorgans.(但器官永远都不够用)”,“peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends(肾衰竭患者越来越多地接受来自亲友捐赠的器官)”和“...doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative.(医生可能会找到成对的潜在捐赠者, 他们各自可以将一个肾脏捐给对方的亲属)”可知, 该段主要讲述了器官移植的现状。故选C项。
6.D　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Theteamhopethatthegroundbreakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextraliving-donorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.”可知, 这次“器官互换”项目的成功可以激励更多人考虑做同样的事情。由此可推知, 这产生了理想的结果。故选D项。
7.A　解析 标题归纳题。通过阅读文章可知, 第二段的“In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.”为核心话题, 即文章主要讲述了Deveza成功用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈, 后文则以此为延伸讲述了其可能产生的积极影响。因此, 选项A“MyLiver,YourKidney(我的肝, 你的肾)”不仅贴合主旨, 且作为标题更具有吸引力。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名老师, 前段时间因为一个学生的物理题的答案与传统答案不一致打算给他不及格, 但这个学生给出了不同的观点, 这让作者的教学理念发生了很大的转变。
8.C　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知, 作者一开始想让这个学生不及格是因为这个学生没有表现出他的学术能力。故选C项。
9.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “Isuggestedthatthestudenthaveanothertry.Immediately,heworkedouthisanswer...Then,usetheformulatocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.” 和第四段的 “Iwasshockedbyhisanswer.HismethodgavemenotonlyabrokenbarometerbutaU-turninmyteachingphilosophy.” 以及最后一段的内容可知, 这名学生的不同答案启发作者可以有更好的解答方式, 所以作者新的教学理念应是“教学就是在以前只有一个思想的地方, 让两个思想生长”。 故选C项。
10.D　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Headmittedthathedid,butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolinstructors’tryingtoteachhimhowtothink...Hejustwantedtosolvetheprobleminapracticalmanner,notjustanswerthequestioninanexpectedway.” 可知, 因为不赞成现有的教学观念,这个学生放弃了传统的答案。故选D项。
11.C　解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 “Hearingthis,Ireallyhadnothingtodobutgivetheboyafirmhandshake,feelingthankfulthatIhadn’tfailedhiminthefirstplace.” 可推知, 老师最终对这个学生的回答表示赞赏。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦国王学院志愿服务给学生、 老师和学校其他工作人员提供做志愿者的机会。
12.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Itsaimistofindvolunteeringopportunitiesforstudents,teachersandotherstaffatschool.”可知, 委员会的目的是给学生、 老师和学校其他工作人员提供做志愿者的机会。故选D项。
13.C　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的potentialtopicsinclude和第四个黑点后面的内容“EvaluationoftheBoard’swork.”可知,“评估委员会的工作情况”可能是今年议程的话题之一。 故选C项。
14.A　解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句“ThisisauniqueandexcitingopportunityopentoallstudyingatKing’s,regardlessofhowmuchorhowlittleyouhavevolunteered.”可知, 国王学院的学生们可以申请成为国王学院委员会的成员。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过讲述自己无意中浪费了芝麻菜的例子引出食物浪费的话题, 进而呼吁我们减少食物浪费。
15.B　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.”可知, 朋友邀请作者就餐, 作者把鸡肉放进冰柜里, 但随着日子一天天过去, 芝麻菜变坏了。由此猜测, 作者提到芝麻菜的事情是为了说明有时我们会无意识地浪费食物。故选B项。
16.B　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.”和“‘...itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.’”可知, 食物浪费会造成环境危害。故选B项。
17.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.”可知, 该公司回收食物并把它制成更健康的食物。故选D项。
18.A　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshopping...”可知,Curtin建议我们只购买需要的东西。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。 曼谷是“吃货”游客理想的旅游胜地。 作者为读者介绍了几家曼谷的餐馆。
19.C　解析 推理判断题。 根据Nahm部分的“HeadChefDavidThompson,whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename,openedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.”以及IssayaSiameseClub部分的“IssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaiChefIanKittichai’sfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurant.” 可知, 它们的共同之处是二者都有顶级厨师。
20.B　解析 细节理解题。 根据Bo.lan部分的最后一句 “Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.”可知答案为B项。
21.D　解析 推理判断题。 根据Gaggan部分的第二句 “Thebesttableinthistwo-storycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.”可推断,Gaggan的特别之处在于顾客可以直接看到厨房里面厨师烹饪的过程。 故选D项。