2024年广东省中考英语一轮复习课件：主题十 自然生态、环境保护、灾害防范、宇宙探索 主题词汇(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
主题十　自然生态、环境保护、灾害防范、宇宙探索
主题词汇
课标链接
主题群 自然生态 环境保护 灾害防范 宇宙探索
《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》子主题
世界主要国家的地理位置，
不同地区的生态特征与自然景观
2. 热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生
3. 环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为
4. 自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护
5. 地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展
范畴　人与自我
题型主题简介
→短文填空
→配对阅读C
→语法选择、阅读理解B
→回答问题、书面表达
→阅读理解A
→完形填空
教材链接
RJ WY
Units Topics Modules Themes
7B U5 Animals in a zoo 7A M6 Animals
8B U5 Unforgettable events 8A M6 Animals
8B U7 Facts about the world 8A M9 Population
9 U8 Mysteries 8A M10 Weather
RJ WY
Units Topics Modules Themes
9 U12 Unexpected events 8B M3 The universe
9 U13 Protecting the environment 9A M1 Nature and travel
/ / 9A M10 Countries and nationalities
/ / 9A M12 Environmental protection
续表
Section A　主题词汇
② 　I get up early in the mornig. I usually go to school at 7:30 a.m. and
情境串记
The geographical location of the world’s major 　countries　 , the ecological characteristics and 　natural landscapes of different regions 世界主要国家的地理位置，不同地区的生态特征与自然景观
① What are the seven continents（洲） in the world？
③ Among the countries, which country impresses you most？ Why？
④ el ped my mom do some chres and then I went to
o
o
o
O
countries　
natural
They are Asia, Europe, North
America, South America, Africa,
Oceania and Antarctica.
China impresses me most.
Because there are many interesting
places, for example, the Yellow River,
one of the world’s longest rivers, and
the Yangtze River which is the
world’s third-longest river. / ...
子主题句型
1. The US is a very big country. It is about 3,000 miles from the east coast to the west coast, so choose carefully the places to see and the time to go.（WY 8A M10）——描写美国地理
2. No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.（RJ 8B U7）——描写地理环境
3. It runs for several hundred meters on the eastern coast of Northern Ireland.（WY 9A M1）——描写地理环境
② 　I get up early in the mornig. I usually go to school at 7:30 a.m. a n
d
情境串记
　Love and respect nature　, coexist harmoniously with nature热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生
① What animals do you hope to see when you go to a zoo？
③ Which season do you like best？ Why？
④ el ped my mom do some chres and then I went t o o w
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
y
Love and respect nature　
I hope to see tigers, lions,
elephants, giraffes, pandas and
monkeys. / ...
I like spring best because the
weather is neither too hot nor too
cold and many beautiful flowers
come out. / ...
子主题句型
1. The panda eats about 30 kilos of bamboo a day as well as other plants. This black and white animal is the favorite of people all over the world.（WY 7A M6）——描写动物生活习性
2. We want to save animals in danger, and we need your help.（WY 8A M6）——给出保护动物的建议
3. If you want to visit Alaska, you had better go in summer.（WY 8A M10）——给出季节活动的建议
② 　I get up early in the mornig. I usually g
情境串记
　Environmental pollution　 and its causes, environmental awareness and behavior 环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为
① What do 3Rs stand for？
③ What should we do to protect the environment？
④ el ped my mom do some chres and then I went t o o w
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv y
Environmental pollution　
3Rs stand for reduce, reuse and
recycle.
We have to reduce, reuse and
recycle. We cannot hope for a rapid
change, but every little bit helps! /...
子主题句型
1. At a green school, every class collects waste which can be recycled or used again.（WY 9A M12）——描写环保行为
2. We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day, and it is harmful to our environment.（WY 9A M12）——描写环境保护意识
3. Although it takes energy to change things into something else, it’s better than throwing them away or burning them.（WY 9A M12）——描写环保意识和行为
② 　I get up early in the mornig. I usual ly g
情境串记
Natural disasters and preventive measures, 　personal safety　 and self-protection 自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护
①What natural disasters do you know？
③ Do you know the signs before an earthquake？ Please give an example.
④ el ped my mom do some chres and then I went t o o w
personal safety
Such as an earthquake, a flood
and a storm. / ...
Yes, I do. Pigs and sheep will not
eat, making disorderly noises. / ...
子主题句型
1. There are storms from time to time in summer and autumn. （WY 8A M10）——介绍灾害发生的季节
2. Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. （WY 8A M12）——描写自然灾害的突发性和难预见性
3. What to do in an earthquake？ Leave the building quickly when the ground stop shaking, but do not use the lift. （WY 8A M12）——想出防护措施
② 　I get up early in the mornig. I usual ly g
情境串记
　Earth and space　 exploration, development of space industry 地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展
① What are called the solar system？
③ How many stars are there in the Galaxy？
④ el ped my mom do some chres and then I went t o o
w
Earth and space　
The sun and its planets are called
the solar system. / ...
There are hundreds of billions
of stars in the Galaxy, and our sun
is only one of them. / ...
子主题句型
1. But no one has been to Mars yet, because Mars is very far away, much farther than the moon. （WY 8B M3）——描写宇宙探索情况
2. Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.（WY 8B M3）——描写宇宙探索情况
3. Our solar system is a small part of a much larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy or the Milky Way. （WY 8B M3）——描写宇宙奥秘
4. Scientists have also discovered many other galaxies in the universe. （WY 8B M3）——描写宇宙探索情况
5. However, no spaceship has traveled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy. （WY 8B M3）——描写宇宙探索情况
国际的
国家；民族
外国的
地域；地区
世界
首都
城市
国；国家
乡村；农村
当地的
州
international
foreign
area
world
nation
capital
city
country
countryside
local
Countries and Nationalities 国家与民族
state
欧洲 — 欧洲的
亚洲 — 亚洲人
非洲 — 非洲人
南美洲
北美洲
印度洋
太平洋
印度 — 印度人
英国 — 英国人
法国 — 法国人
Europe
Asia
Asian
Africa
European
African
Britain
British
India
Indian
South America
North America
the Indian Ocean
the Pacific Ocean
France
French
中国 — 中国人
德国 — 德国人
意大利 — 意大利人
俄罗斯 — 俄罗斯人
美国 — 美国人
日本 — 日本人
英格兰 — 英格兰人
加拿大 — 加拿大人
澳大利亚 — 澳大利亚人
南非 — 南非人
England
English
America
American
Australia
Australian
Germany
German
Italy
Italian
Canada
Canadian
Russia
Russian
Japan
Japanese
China
Chinese
South Africa
South African
空气 沙 银 田野；场地
陆地 岩石 煤;煤块 洞；孔；坑
沙漠 油;石油 小山;山丘 石头
山;山脉 金子 湖;湖泊 野生的
森林 海洋
河流 岛屿
海滩;沙滩 海岸;海滨
水 土壤
beach
coast
field
forest
hole
island
lake
water
mountain
river
rock
sand
sea/ocean
stone
air
coal
oil
wild
Natural Landscapes and Resources 自然景观和资源
sliver
land
gold
hill
desert
soil
____ 草；草地
____ 树
____ 玫瑰（花）
____ 花
____ 叶子
____ 棉；棉花
____ 竹子
Animals and Plants 动物与植物
bamboo
flower
grass
leaf
rose
tree
cotton
____ 老虎
____ 尾巴
____ 狗
____ 猫
____ 羊；绵羊
____ 长颈鹿
____ 树袋熊；考拉
____ 鹰
____ 企鹅
____ 鲸鱼
____ 狮子
____ 狼
____ 昆虫
____ 蚂蚁
eagle
penguin
whale
wolf
panda
elephant
ant
insect
____ 大象
____ 熊猫
____ 鲨鱼
____ （鱼）鳍
____ 蝴蝶
____ 蜜蜂
____ 狐狸
____ 蛇
shark
lion
butterfly
tiger
cat
giraffe
tail
koala
dog
fin
bee
sheep
fox
snake
春天
春雨
spring
Weather 天气
spring rain
温暖的
微风
warm
gentle wind
晴朗的
热的
高温
雨 — 下雨的
暴风雨
潮湿的
雨伞
hot
sunny
heat
rain
rainy
storm/rainstorm
wet
umbrella
夏天
summer
风 — 多风的
云 — 多云的
密云
乌云
cloud
wind
snow
雪— 下雪的 — 雪人
干燥的 寒冷的
极冷的 冰 — 覆盖着冰的
滑冰
（使）冻结；结冰
cold
snowy
freezing
icy
skate
snowman
cloudy
windy
秋天
autumn/fall
thick clouds
dark clouds
冬天
winter
dry
ice
freeze
回收再利用 : 金属
重复使用: 瓶子
减少: 垃圾
停止: 塑料
垃圾箱 可重复使用的
工业 工厂
废物 能源
垃圾;废弃物
空气/水/噪音污染
litter
Environment Protection 环境保护
rubbish
air/water/noise pollution
reusable
reduce
bin
stop
recycle
metal
reuse
industry
waste
factory
energy
bottle
plastic
地震
洪水
沙尘暴
火灾
暴风雨
earthquake
Natural Disasters 自然灾害
fire
flood
sandstorm
storm
月亮
月光
地球
银河系 银河
火星 行星
黑洞 宇宙飞船
宇宙飞船 空间站
太阳
星星
Sun
Universe 宇宙
space station
Moon
moonlight
planet
Galaxy
spacecraft
star
Earth
spaceship
Milky Way
Mars
black hole
结合语境及情境串记的内容完成小语篇（每空一词）
My name is Jennifer. I am a Chinese girl, chairman of the Students’ Union in our school. I hope to do something for our earth. First of all, I will hold an activity to 1. 　protect　 the environment — tree planting, because the more trees we plant, the better air quality we will have. With trees, we can also make our living 2. 　environment　 more beautiful. What’s more, my friends and I always pick 3. 　up litter in our community park at weekends. I believe every little bit can make a big 4. 　difference　 to the world. After all, we have only one 5. 　earth　 , so we should do our best to protect it.
protect　
environment　
up　
difference　
earth　
核心词汇
1. appear v. 出现；显露
　disappear　 v. 消失；不见
　appearance　 n. 外表；出现
微语境练词汇
The clouds 　disappeared　 and the sun shone brightly. The earth is mostly covered by water. That’s why it looks blue from its 　appearance　 .
disappear　
appearance　
disappeared　
appearance　
2. arrive v. 到达
易混辨析
arrive in、arrive at、get to和reach
词汇 用法 例句
arrive in arrive in ＋ 大地点 Can we arrive in Beijing on time？
arrive at arrive at ＋ 小地点 At what time did you arrive at the station？
get to get to ＋ 地点 When he gets to his office, he will call his wife.
reach reach ＋ 地点 He did not stop until he reached the door.
微语境练词汇
We went on a trip to Zhangjiajie this summer holiday. We 　arrived　 at the airport at 8:30 a.m.. Then it took us nearly one hour to 　get　 to Zhangjiajie National Forest Park from the airport. The next day, we went climbing, but because of the storm, we didn’t 　reach　 the top of Tianmen Mountain. We also went to Grand Canyon Glass Bridge and Huanglong Cave. The last day, we 　arrived/got/reached home at midnight.
arrived　
get　
reach　
arrived/got/reached
3. collect v. 收集；采集
　collection　 n. 收藏品
微语境练词汇
Mike likes 　collecting / to collect　 sports things and he has a great 　collection　 of balls.
collection　
collecting / to collect　
collection　
含义 例句
　收集；采集　 He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples（样本） for scientists.
　领取　 I’ll collect them on my way to work tomorrow morning.
收集；采集　
领取　
熟词生义
熟义：v. 收集；采集
生义：v. 领取
4. die v. 消失；灭亡；死亡
　dead　 adj. 死亡的
　dying　 adj. 濒死的
　death　 n. 死亡
微语境练词汇
The mother cat was 　dead　 . Luckily, the 　dying baby cat didn’t 　die　 at last because Tom sent it to the hospital in time. He protected the baby cat from 　death　 .
dead　
dying　
death　
dead　
dying
die　
death　
5. choose v. 选择；挑选（chose；chosen）
　choice　 n. 选择
微语境练词汇
When we go out, we should firstly 　choose　 the public transportation. It is a good 　choice　 to protect our environment.
choice　
choose　
choice　
6. fall v. 倒塌；跌倒；掉落（fell；fallen）
　fall ill　 生病
　fall into　 掉进
　fall in love with　 爱上
　fall off　 从……掉下来
　fall behind　 落后于……
　fall over　 跌倒；向前摔倒
　fall down　 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌
fall ill　
fall into　
fall in love with　
fall off　
fall behind　
fall over　
fall down　
7. happen v. 发生；出现；遭到；碰巧
　sth. happen to sb.　 某事发生在某人身上
　sb. happen to do sth.　 某人碰巧做某事
sth. happen to sb.　
sb. happen to do sth.　
易混辨析
happen与take place
（1）happen （尤指意外地）发生，不用于被动语态
（2）take place （尤指按照计划或已经）发生，不用于被动语态
微语境练词汇
A sudden earthquake which 　happened　 here many years ago made many people lose their homes then. But now great changes 　taken place　 on this piece of land and a brand-new development has made it a happy home for the local people.
happened　
have taken place　
8. harm v.& n. 伤害；损害
　harmful　 adj. 有害的
　harmless　 adj. 无害的
　be harmful to　 对……有害（＝ do harm to ）
微语境练词汇
To be environment-friendly, we’d better not use plastic bags because white pollution is 　harmful　 to our environment. And we should also try to buy products that does the least 　harm　 to the environment.
harmful　
harmless　
be harmful to　
harmful　
harm　
9. pollute v. 污染
　pollution　 n. 污染
10. protect v. 保护；防护
　protection　 n. 保护；保卫
　protect A from/against B　 保护A不受B的伤害
微语境练词汇
The trees can 　protect　 water and soil from being lost. Under their 　protection　 , the environment will be better.
pollution　
protection　
protect A from/against B　
protect　
protection　
11. punish v. 惩罚
　punishment　 n. 惩罚
　punish sb. for （doing） sth.因为 （做） 某事惩罚某人
微语境练词汇
David was 　punished　 for breaking the laws on the environmental protection. We hope he can remember the 　punishment　 and won’t do it again.
punishment　
punish sb. for （doing） sth.　
punished　
punishment　
　save sb. from （doing） sth.　 使某人免受……
12. save v. 救；救助；保存；储存
　save one’s life/lives　 救某人的命
13. danger n. 危险；危害
　dangerous　 adj. 有危险的；不安全的
　in danger　 处于危险之中
　out of danger　 脱离险境
save one’s life/lives　
save sb. from （doing） sth.　
dangerous　
endangered　
safe　
in danger　
out of danger　
　endangered　 adj. 濒危的
　saf adj. （反义词）安全的
微语境练词汇
Typhoons are 　dangerous　 to coastal cities. People are in 　danger　 from Typhoon Doksuri（杜苏芮）. Only when it has gone can people 　be out of danger　 .
dangerous　
danger　
be out of danger　
14. environment n. 环境
　environmental　 adj. 自然环境的；有关环境的
　environment-friendly　 adj. 环境友好的
environmental　
environment-friendly　
15. north n. 北；北方 adj. 北方的
north
northeast
east
southeast
south
southwest
west
northwest
16. sign n. 标志；信号；迹象；指示牌
v. 签署；签名
　traffic sign　 道路交通标志
　warning sign　 警告标志；警告牌
traffic sign　
warning sign　
一词多义
含义 例句
　迹象　 It’s cloudy and there is no sign of the sun.
　签名　 Sign your name here, please.
　指示牌 You should pay attention to the traffic sign on the road.
迹象　
签名　
指示牌
超强串记
17. waste n. 浪费；垃圾v. 浪费；滥用
　a waste of time　 白费时间
　waste paper　 废纸
18. safe adj. 安全的；无风险的
　safety　 n. 安全；安全性
　safely　 adv. 安全地
　be safe from　 远离……的危险
微语境练词汇
When his plane landed 　safely　 yesterday, his family celebrated his 　safe　 return.
a waste of time　
waste paper　
safety　
safely　
be safe from　
safely　
safe　
19. sudden adj. 突然的；急剧的 n. 突然
　suddenly　 adv. 突然地；出乎意料地
　all of a sudden　 突然；猛地
微语境练词汇
Your article is too long — it needs 　cutting down　 a little. You can focus on what to do if a fire 　breaks out　 and how to give 　first aid　 .
suddenly　
all of a sudden　
break out
cut down
first aid
cutting down　
breaks out　
first aid　
20. 爆发
21. 砍到；减少
22. 急救 　first aid 急救
make a difference
23. 　look out （for sb./sth.）小心、当心（某人 / 某物）
24. 　in this way 用用这种方式
25. 　make a difference 有有影响；起作用
26. 　put sth. to good use好好利用某物
look out （for sb./sth.）
in this way
put sth. to good use
微语境练词汇
We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day. So 　putting　 resources 　to good use　 can save resources and protect the environment. For example, we can divide our rubbish into plastic, paper, rubber and glass. 　In this way　 , we can do our bit for the environment. I believe every little bit helps and makes a difference.
putting　
to good use　
In
this way　
run out （of）
27. 　put out 扑灭（ 扑灭（火源）
28. 　 run out （ 用尽；耗尽
微语境练词汇
Firemen put their own lives in danger as part of their job. Yesterday they soon 　put　 the fire 　out　 successfully as time was 　running out　 .
put out
put　
out　
running out