2024年广东省中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：冠词课件(共56张PPT)

(共56张PPT)
冠词
考点总览
考点精讲
冠词是一种虚词，本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。冠词包括不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（名词前不用冠词）。
考点一　不定冠词a，an
1. 用于单数名词前，表泛指
用法 举例
（1）表示数量“一”，但数的概念没有one强烈 He has got an apple and a pear. 他有一个苹果和一个梨。
（2）用于可数名词单数前，表示人或事物的某一种类 A plane goes faster than a train.
飞机比火车快。
（3）指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物 A boy is waiting for a bus at the bus stop. 一个男孩在公交站等车。
续表
用法 举例
（4） 用于第一次提到的人或物 I saw a bird in the tree. 我看见树上有只鸟。
（5） 用于时间等词前，表示“每一” fifty kilometers an hour 每小时50千米
（6） 用于序数词前，表示“又一；再一” You’ll have to do it a second time. 你得再做一次。
2. 用于固定搭配中
a few 几个　a bit 一点儿　a little 一点儿　a lot of 许多　a number of 许多　as a result 结果　for a while 一会儿　go for a walk 去散步　have a cold 感冒　have/take a rest 休息　 have/take a break 休息　have a good time 玩得开心　live a ... life 过着……的生活　once upon a time 从前　half an hour 半小时　a kind/pair/piece of ... 一种/双/张……　in a hurry 匆忙　in a word 总之
3. a和an的区别
不定冠词 用法 举例
a 修饰辅音音素开头的单数可数名词 a tiger 一只老虎　　　　
a Chinese 一个中国人
an 修饰元音音素开头的单数可数名词 an elephant 一头大象　　
an idea 一个主意
特别提醒：
（1） 在26个英文字母中，由于“a， e， f， h， i， l， m， n， o， r， s， x”字母的读音是元音音素开头，所以表示“一个a/e/f/h/i/l/m/n/o/r/s/x字母”时，用an。如：an “a”， an “f” 。
（2） 有些单词虽然以元音字母开头，但读音是以辅音音素开头，须使用不定冠词a；有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但读音是以元音音素开头，须使用不定冠词an。
用法 举例
元音字母但辅音音素开头的，前面用a a European country 一个欧洲国家
a one-week trip 一周的旅行
辅音字母但元音音素开头的（且首字母不发音），前面用an an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩
an hour 一小时
续表
用法 举例
u 读[ju：]（辅音音素开头） a useful book 一本有用的书
a university student 一个大学生
a usual farmer 一个普通的农民
不读[ju：]（元音音素开头） an umbrella 一把伞　　
an uncle 一位叔叔
an ugly man 一个丑陋的男人
an unhappy day 不开心的一天
考点二　定冠词the
1. 表特指
用法 举例
（1）用于特指某（些）人或某（些）物 The man in a blue shirt is my uncle.
穿着蓝色衬衣的男士是我的叔叔。
（2）用于指双方都知道的人或物 Please pass the sugar to me. 请把糖递给我。
（3）用于指代上文提到过的人或物 There is a boy over there and the boy is crying.
有一个男孩在那边，那个男孩正在哭。
续表
用法 举例
（4）用于世上独一无二的事物前 The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。
（5）用于序数词或形容词最高级前 Who is the tallest？ 谁是最高的？
（6）用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人 The Whites are watching TV.
怀特一家正在看电视。
续表
用法 举例
（7）用于部分形容词前，表示一类人 the poor 穷人　 the rich 富人　
the old 老人　 the young 年轻人　
the blind 盲人　 the deaf 聋人　
the sick 病人　 the wounded 伤员
（8）用于表示方位的名词前 in the east/south/west/north
在东/南/西/北部
on the left 在左边 on the right 在右边
续表
用法 举例
（9）用于表示演奏西洋乐器的名词前 play the piano/violin/guitar/drum
弹钢琴 / 拉小提琴 / 弹吉他 / 打鼓
（10）用于专有名词前 the Great Wall 长城　　　
the Summer Palace 颐和园
the Yellow River 黄河　　
the United States 美国
2. 用于固定搭配中
in the morning 在早上　in the afternoon 在下午　the day before yesterday 前天　the day after tomorrow 后天　at the same time 同时　at the age of ... 在……岁时　at the end of ... 在……的末尾　in the end 最后；终于　in the future 在将来　all the time 总是；一直　by the way 顺便说一下　on the other hand 另一方面　on the way to ... 在去……的路上
考点三　零冠词
1. 名词前不用冠词的情况
用法 举例
（1）不可数名词前表泛指 We can’t live without air or water. 没有空气和水我们不能生存。
Hard work can bring you success. 努力会带给你成功。
续表
用法 举例
（2）复数名词前表类别 Pandas are lovely animals. 熊猫是可爱的动物。
More and more people use computers in their work.
越来越多的人在工作中使用电脑。
续表
用法 举例
（3）人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前 Tony 托尼　Guangzhou 广州　China 中国
（4）学科名词前 Chemistry is easy for him to learn. 化学对于他来说很容易学。
续表
用法 举例
（5）称呼语前（称呼语前不用修饰词时，首字母在句中要大写） Will you come home for dinner, Mom
妈妈，你回家吃晚饭吗？
续表
用法 举例
（6）星期、月份、季节、节日前 We have a piano lesson on Tuesday. 我们周二上钢琴课。
He will return to his hometown in January. 他将在一月回到家乡。
People often go swimming in summer. 夏天人们经常去游泳。
There will be a party on Teachers’ Day. 教师节将会有一个派对。
续表
用法 举例
（7）球类、棋类的名词前 Let’s play volleyball after school. 让我们放学后一起打排球吧！
Do you like playing chess 你喜欢下国际象棋吗？
（8）三餐前 have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner 吃早餐 / 午餐 / 晚餐 / 正餐
注：三餐前如有形容词修饰，则需用a/an。
例如：have a big dinner 吃大餐
续表
用法 举例
（9）名词前已有作定语用的指示代词（this/that等）、物主代词（my， your， his， her， our等）、不定代词（some， any， every， each等）修饰时 She likes seeing this film. 她喜欢看这部电影。
This is her first time to come to China. 这是她第一次来中国。
He offered some useful advice. 他提出了一些有用的建议。
2. 用于固定搭配中
by car/bus 乘小汽车 / 公共汽车　on foot 步行　at home在家　at work 在工作　at noon 在中午　at night 在晚上　on time 按时　in time 及时　at first 起初　at last 最后　at least 至少　in fact 实际上　in trouble 有麻烦　in danger 有危险　at once 马上
特别提醒：
（1）有些短语使用冠词和不使用冠词时其含义是不同的：
（2）有些短语使用了不同的冠词，其含义也不同：
短语 含义 用法 举例
a number of 许多 后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数 A number of students are cheering the players on. 很多学生在为运动员们加油。
the number of ……的数目 后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数 The number of students in our class is forty-two. 我们班的学生人数是四十二。
续表
短语 含义 用法 举例
a ＋ 序数词 又一；再一 表示数量上的“增加” She’s got two apples, but she wants to have a third one. 她有两个苹果，但她还想再要一个。
the ＋ 序数词 第几 表示顺序 He is the third student to get the prize.
他是第三个得此奖的学生。
对点训练
（一）
原创
Mothers do so much for us every day. As you can see, one of 1. 　the　 hardest jobs in the world is the role of being a mother. Thankfully， once 2. 　a　 year comes a special day, Mother’s Day. It was created just to honor 3. 　the　 moms and mother figures（人物） in your life. If you are looking for 4. 　an　 exciting way to start their day, you can turn to us for help. We have 5. 　a　 lot of Mother’s Day e-cards for you to send. Now, come to find that perfect e-card and show that you are thinking about them.
the　
a　
the　
an　
a　
（二）
原创
Why do students have to learn math at school Well, math is 1. 　an　 important tool that helps them in their daily lives. But many students haven’t realized the importance of 2. 　the　 tool. They think learning math is boring and useless. So, for math teachers, 3. 　the　 idea of making math fun may seem like a hard task. However, 4. 　a　 study shows that math classes could be fun with the right methods. For example, teachers could use games, real-life examples and technology in class. In this way, students are more likely to develop 5. 　an　 interest in math. And then they can do better in it.
an　
the　
the　
a　
an　
对接中考
年份 语法选择 短文填空
2023 36-冠词区分：不定冠词a /
2022 38-冠词区分：不定冠词a /
2021 35-冠词区分：不定冠词an /
2020 38-冠词区分：定冠词the /
2019 78-不定冠词a（a lot of 很多）
一、冠词在语法选择中的考查
冠词在语法选择中主要考查其基本用法，其中考查特指和泛指居多。做题时要特别注意观察空格后的名词，如第一次提到，用a或an；如前面已经有所提及或是表示特指，用the。
对点训练
Through learning Chinese language, I’ve made a Chinese friend. One day, he came to my home city. We went to 　1　 dumpling restaurant for dinner. Though we have been talking online almost every day, it was our 　2　 first time to meet face to face, and we didn’t know all about each other’s habits. At 　3　 dumpling restaurant, he ordered some dumplings with no rice going together.
It surprised me 　4　 lot, because dumplings are usually served together with rice or noodles at a Chinese restaurant in Japan. I know it’s 　5　 unusual way of eating for Chinese people. Do you like eating in this way
（　A　）1. A. a B. an C. the
（　B　）2. A. a B. / C. the
（　C　）3. A. a B. an C. the
（　A　）4. A. a B. an C. the
（　B　）5. A. a B. an C. the
A
B
C
A
B
二、冠词在短文填空中的考查
冠词在短文填空中主要考查其基本用法和固定搭配。自2020年出现语法选择题型后，近四年均在语法选择里考查冠词，未在短文填空题型中考查。
对点训练
Great news! Four children were found alive in 1. 　the　 Amazon Forest in Colombia. They had 2. 　a　 plane accident 40 days ago. They are aged thirteen, nine, four and the youngest is 3. 　an　 eight-month-old baby. Their mother and two pilots died in 4. 　the　 accident. Though the two oldest children were afraid, they tried to take care of 5. 　the　 little ones. Luckily, they had learnt how to survive（生存） in the wild.
the　
a　
an　
the　
the　
考场模拟
语法选择
原创
It’s March in Africa. On the farm, local people are dancing and singing to celebrate their recent harvest（丰收）. This is the farm where Yi Yun 　1　 for six years. The 37-year-old from Liaoning followed his Chinese company here as 　2　 project manager. The company is growing rice on the farm.
“When we first arrived in 2017, the farm was full of grass as 　3　 as a man,” said Yi. After clearing the grass, the company taught local Africans farming skills. “We taught them 　4　 to use farming machines and grow rice step by step.”
As Yi said, in the past, the land here wasn’t used 　5　 growing rice. Local people only grew corn and sweet potatoes to feed 　6　 . But many people still face the 　7　 of food shortage（短缺）.
“We bring in modern technology,” said Yi. “People here are happy that we can come 　8　 we not only help them solve their food problems but also provide jobs for them.” On Yi’s farm， 500 to 1，000 local people work there. Their living conditions 　9　 greatly these years.
“African people are just as hard-working as Chinese people and also want 　10　 a better life. What they need are more chances, which China is now helping with,” Yi said.
（　B　）1. A. works B. has worked C. is working
（　A　）2. A. a B. an C. the
（　A　）3. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest
（　C　）4. A. when B. where C. how
（　B　）5. A. to B. for C. in
（　C　）6. A. they B. them C. themselves
B
A
A
C
B
C
时态
冠词
形容词
宾语从句引导词
介词
代词
（　A　）7. A. problem B. problems C. problems’
（　A　）8. A. because B. though C. until
（　B　）9. A. improved B. are improved C. were improved
（　C　）10. A. live B. living C. to live
B
C
A
A
名词
连词
被动语态
动词不定式
完形填空
原创
Have you ever looked up at the stars and wondered if one of them might be a spaceship Have you ever wondered if aliens might be 　1　 and on earth
In the summer of 2022, a missing photo from the 1990s 　2　 again in the US. It got people talking. It was a photo of the UFO.
This got me 　3　 about growing up as a child in the UK in the 1990s. Then, everyone seemed to be 　4　 about “aliens” and “UFOs”. It was strange! We used to 　5　 the alien movie called E.T. and alien documentaries （纪录片）. They talked about UFOs and humans taken away by aliens. My older brother knew I was 　6　 of UFOs and he’d play tricks on me.
“Look up at the 　7　 ! There’s a UFO.” He’d say. “The aliens are going to get you.” Now I know these were just 　8　 stories, but back then they seemed so real and scary. I even had awful 　9　 about them at night.
I overcame these fears by looking at the stories 　10　 and realizing they weren’t real. What things scared you and how did you overcome your fears
（　A　）1. A. real B. cool
C. kind D. right
（　B　）2. A. broke up B. showed up
C. grew up D. gave up
（　C　）3. A. thinking B. worrying
C. speaking D. discussing
（　C　）4. A. bringing B. writing
C. talking D. singing
A
B
A
C
真实的
酷的
友善的
正确的
打碎
出现
成长
放弃
思考
担心
谈论
讨论
带来
写
谈论
唱
（　A　）5. A. watch B. make
C. direct D. provide
（　D　）6. A. short B. tired
C. proud D. afraid
（　A　）7. A. sky B. hill
C. space D. building
（　C　）8. A. magic B. true
C. silly D. famous
A
D
A
C
看
做
导演
提供
短缺的
疲劳的
骄傲的
害怕的
天空
小山
太空
建筑物
有魔力的
真实的
可笑的
著名的
（　D　） 9. A. moments B. dreams
C. films D. plans
（　D　）10. A. quickly B. carefully
C. peacefully D. correctly
B
D
时刻
梦
电影
计划
快速地
仔细地
平静地
正确地
短文填空
you　 too　 why　 and　 gift　 make
take　 money　 about　 country　 honest　 always
原创
Good friends are really important for our happiness. But what makes a good friend A good friend is 　1　 there for you, whatever happens. They don’t judge （评判） you — they accept you and value you for who you are. You can be 　2　 when you’re around them. A good friend is kind, 　3　 and isn’t afraid to tell you the truth, even if it’s difficult. You can spend time together 　4　 share some hobbies and interests.
Friendship is so important that in 2011, the United Nations decided to 　5　 a special day for it! The International Day of Friendship 　6　 place on 30th July every year. The idea is that friendship between different groups of people, 　7　 and cultures can help us live more peacefully together.
you　 too　 why　 and　 gift　 make
take　 money　 about　 country　 honest　 always
The main aim of the International Day of Friendship is to show your friends that you care 　8　 them and that you value their friendship. You could make a card or write a note telling them 　9　 they’re such friends. You could make a small 　10　 for them， such as making a cake. Whatever you do on this day, it’s a time to have fun and celebrate with friends, and perhaps make some new ones!
1. 　always 2. 　Yourself　 　3. 　onest　 4. 　And　
5. 　make_ 6. 　takes　 　 7. 　ntries　 　 8. 　About　
9. 　Why　 10. 　gift　
always
Yourself　
Honest　
And　
make　
takes　
Countries　
About　
Why　
gift　
you　 too　 why　 and　 gift　 make
take　 money　 about　 country　 honest　 always