2024年中考完形填空技巧和练习（二）课件(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
中考题型专练
阅读理解（二）
阅读能力的提高非一朝之功，需要一个过程，应该持之以恒，进行有计划、有目的的阅读实践，提高阅读能力。阅读理解题型通常可以分为四种：细节理解、词义（组）猜测、推理判断、主旨（段落）大意及标题归纳，下面让我们一起来看看这几类题型。
一．细节理解题
常见设题方式：
How many/How much/
What/Who/When/Where/How…
What does the writer think of…
Which of the following statements is true/false
Which of the following is/isn’t mentioned
Which is the right order of the events given in the passage
题型特点：
细节题占阅读理解的比例很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点
1.阅读时，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。
2.文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。
解题方法：
1.跳读查找法
这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间，另外，运用跳读查找法解题时，要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。中考中很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，通常要进行一定的处理，而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。
例：Iceland lies in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest island in Europe. The country has a total area of 103,000 square kilometers and a coastline of about 6,600 km. The island is 300 km wide from north to south, and 500 km across from west to east.
1.In Iceland, the distance from north to south is _________that from west to east.
A much longer than B shorter than
C. the same as D. a little longer than
2.排除法
排序题也属于细节理解题的一种题型，它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词，如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等。按照信息词的提示阅读，可以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时，首先要确定首或尾的答案，通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似，正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择，找到两者的不同之处，回到原文，进行核对，一旦确定，后面的排序就不用再比较了。
3.简单计算法
数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。
例：The destruction of the world’s rain forests has drawn more and more people’s attention. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing(消失) at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers’ students bought three acres of rain forest in Central America. They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed. The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest.
53. How much did Myers’ students pay for the rain forest they bought
A. $25 B. $75 C. $80 D. $2000
二．推理判断题
题型特点：
这种题型要求考生尽量考虑文章中全部信息和事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。
常见设题方式：
From the text, it can be inferred that ________.
The passage suggests that_________.
From the passage, we learn that: ________.
What can we learn from the passage
The writer probably agrees that________.
解题思路：
推理和判断两者密不可分。推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。推理判断题要求根据原文，经过推理，进行判断，从而得出结论，所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理时务必要忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的依据，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
1．正确选项的特点
（1）正确答案一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；
（2）正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；
（3）正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。
2．干扰选项的特点
（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论【事实重现（不是推理出来的）】
（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；【偷梁换柱】
（3）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头、概括过度【以偏概全】
（4）有部分选项的内容纯属编造。【无中生有】
三．词义（组）猜测
题型特点：
考生应该紧扣原文，根据上下文的语境进行合理判断，既不要望文生义，也不要断章取义，更不能只选择自己认识或熟悉的意思。
干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的。
常见设题方式：
What does the underlined word “…” probably mean in Chinese
What does the word“…”in Paragraph2 probably mean
The word(s) “…”in Paragraph 4 probably mean(s)…
The underlined word “…” in Paragraph 4 means __________.
解这类题时应注意以下特点：
①注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；
②注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
③注意同义词、近义词、反义词、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。
④对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。
例1：Emojis are now used as a new form of expression, and>46. What does the underlined word "millennials" in the 3rd paragraph mean in Chinese
A. 80后 B. 00后 C.独生子女 D.千禧一代:
模拟练习
1
Are you a teenager looking for an active and fun way to spend your summer Join the Summer Action at the Health Center right now.
We have:
◆Social Club—Meet other active teenagers at our parties, BBQs, movie and game nights. Make new friends and create nice summer memories.
◆Swimming Club—Free swim and swim lessons. Our Olympic-sized pool is open all summer long.
◆Sports Club—Basketball, volleyball, soccer and more. We offer fun sports leagues(联赛) and drop-in sports for teens of all skill levels.
◆Health Club—Learn about healthy habits. We offer educational talks and speeches to give you skills for life.
We’re open mornings, afternoons, evenings and weekends. Stay for a few hours or the whole day. The choice is yours!
Join us for a meaningful summer with other teenagers. Sign up (注册) by this weekend at a big discount (折扣).
For more information: www /summerteenclub.
Summer Action—keeping teens active, social and learning this summer!
1. Which club will help teenagers make new friends
A. Social Club. B. Health Club. C. Sports Club. D. Swimming Club.
2. Why are teenagers advised to sign up by this weekend
A. Because it will be much cheaper.
B. Because it will provide more choices.
C. Because it will be free to sign up.
D. Because it will give more information.
3. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To make teenagers live a healthier life.
B. To help teenagers to develop good habits.
C. To call on teenagers to join Summer Action.
D. To introduce free vacation clubs to teenagers.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了健康中心的夏季行动的一些信息。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Social Club—Meet other active teenagers at our parties, BBQs, movie and game nights. Make new friends and create nice summer memories”可知在社交俱乐部可以交朋友。故选A。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“ Sign up (注册) by this weekend at a big discount”可知本周末前注册会打折，会更便宜。故选A。
【3题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了健康中心的夏季行动的一些信息，号召青少年参加这个活动。故选C。
April 23 is known as World Book Day. The idea of setting a day to encourage reading came out from UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) in 1995. In fact, it started long before that in Spain. In 1922, Spanish writer Vicente Clavel Andrés suggested the idea as a way to honor their famous writer Miguel de Cervantes. Four years later, the first celebration took place on October 7, Cervantes’ birthday. In 1930, it was moved to April 23, the date of his death.Every year since 2001, one city around the world is chosen to be the UNESCO World Book Capital for a year. The task of the city is to carry out activities to encourage “a culture of reading and spreading its values in all ages in and out of the country.”
Though no Chinese cities have been chosen as the World Book Capital so far, a recent national survey shows a steady (稳定的) rise in reading as a habit in China. According to the survey, each Chinese adult read an average of 4.78 printed books and 3.33 e-books in 2022, both a bit higher than the figures from 2021. Besides, listening to audiobooks(有声读物) was another rising habit, with 35. 5 percent of adults saying they were used to listening to them.Reading books gives people the chance to look into different worlds and meet new people both real and imagined. Ancient Chinese believed in the saying: Read ten thousand books and travel ten thousand miles. Reading is a way to learn from the past, understand the world, and get life wisdom (智慧). So make every day World Book Day!
4. When did Spain first hold a celebration to honor Cervantes
A. In 1922. B. In 1926. C. In 1930. D. In 1995.
5. What should a World Book Capital city do
A. Help sell books to all ages.
B. Spread UNESCO’s values.
C. Organize readers to visit the city.
D. Carry out reading activities.
6. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)
A. Printed books. B. E-books.
C Audiobooks. D. Cultural books.
7. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A. The meaning of a Chinese saying.
B. The importance of reading books.
C. The method of getting life wisdom.
D The way of looking into different worlds
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了“世界读书日”的由来、世界图书之都的意义以及读书的重要性。
【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“In 1922,...Four years later, the first celebration took place on October 7, Cervantes’ birthday.”可知，第一次庆祝是在1926年，故选B。
【5题详解】细节理解题。根据“The task of the city is to carry out activities to encourage ‘a culture of reading and spreading its values in all ages in and out of the country.’”可知，世界图书之都的任务是开展活动，鼓励“一种阅读文化，并在国内外各个年龄段传播其价值观”。故选D。
【6题详解】代词指代题。根据“Besides, listening to audiobooks(有声读物) was another rising habit, with 35. 5 percent of adults saying they were used to listening to them.”（此外，听有声书是另一个日益增长的习惯，35.5%的成年人表示他们习惯听有声书）可知，划线的them指的是上文提到的“有声书”，故选C。
【7题详解】段落大意题。根据“Reading books gives people the chance to look into different worlds and meet new people both real and imagined...”可知，本段主要讲述了读书的重要性，故选B。
AI (人工智能) can help teenagers and students learn in several ways.Personalized learning: AI can know better about students, including their advantages, weaknesses, skills, learning favorites, learning needs, and so on. Then it can create a proper learning plan for each student. This can help students concentrate on areas that they need to improve at their own speed.Interactive (交互的) learning: AI has the ability to make learning more interactive and interesting. Things like interactive learning apps and educational games can make subject learning more interesting. What’s more, they can make students interested in a subject at once. This kind of active learning is sure to be more helpful than studying alone.
Automated (自动的) advice and help: AI can provide automated advice and answers to questions. It can examine students’ work and provide personalized help. For example, ChatGPT can answer students’ questions quickly in a private, low-pressure way. This kind of advice and answers can help students better understand knowledge and use their knowledge.Greater resources (资源): AI can make many of the students’ learning resources richer and wider, like electronic textbooks, online courses, and study apps. For example, a biology textbook with AI technology may provide interactive 3D models of a human body that students can study more carefully. AI can provide interactive examples, introduce important passages, and offer assessments (评价).In a word, AI has a great ability to improve studying and learning. By using AI, students can study smarter and reach higher levels of learning and success. The future of AI in education is hopeful as technologies continue to develop.
8. What can AI do by knowing better about students
A. Get more learning experiences.
B. Find out students’ learning speed.
C. Know more about learning favorites.
D. Offer proper personal learning plans.
9. How might students feel about educational games
A. Traditional. B. Interesting. C. Difficult. D. Knowledgeable.
10. Why does the writer give an example of a biology textbook in Paragraph 5
A. To show biology is easy to learn.B. To describe something more about 3D.
C. To introduce a way of assessment.D. To show AI can provide rich resources.
11. What’s the best title (标题) for this passage
A. AI—a smart help for learning
B. AI needs new technologies
C. AI is much better than a teacher
D. AI—hopeful or hopeless
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了人工智能如何通过多种方式帮助青少年和学生学习。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据“AI can know better about students…Then it can create a proper learning plan for each student.”可知，通过更好地了解学生，AI能够提供合适的个人学习计划。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Things like interactive learning apps and educational games can make subject learning more interesting. What’s more, they can make students interested in a subject at once.”可知，学生会觉得教育游戏很有趣。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Greater resources (资源): …For example, a biology textbook with AI technology may provide interactive 3D models of a human body”可知，作者以生物课本为例，来说明本段的中心：AI可以提供丰富的资源。故选D。
11题详解】
最佳标题题。通读全文，重点结合首段和尾段可知，本文介绍了人工智能对学生学习的多方面帮助，A项适合做标题。故选A。
Podareva, 28, was born in the hometown of Russia’s famous poet Sergei Yesenin. She has loved poetry (诗歌) since her childhood. Growing up, she wrote many poems in both Russian and English. After she came to China to study Chinese in 2013, the world of Chinese poetry opened up before her.Podareva has had colorful experiences in China in the past ten years. She has won prizes in many Chinese poetry writing competitions and published her own Chinese poetry collections. Her most unforgettable memory is that one of her Chinese poems written in 2020 was turned into a song. And even better: She sang it herself.“Some people may praise China in a direct way, but I prefer to express my feelings about the country and describe the friendship between China and Russia through different styles of poems,” Podareva says.
Podareva has always wanted to be a cultural ambassador (使者) between the two countries. In 2020 she began to make videos and shared them online. Besides sharing Chinese poems she had written, Podareva also produced videos about cultural differences between China and Russia. Sometimes she made humorous videos to explain the misunderstandings that Chinese people have towards Russians.
Besides writing poetry, Podareva has also been painting. She doesn’t think the two art forms are different from each other. “Wang Wei was a famous Chinese poet, and he was also a painter,” she says. In December 2022, Podareva held an exhibition in Shanghai with 66 of her paintings on show.
“All art is a way for the creators to express their spirit,” Podareva says. “I hope to create a website in Russia and introduce China—through my poetry and paintings-to Russians, so that the friendship between the two countries will be much deeper.”
12. According to the passage, how many languages in all has Podareva used to write poems
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
13. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. Podareva’s experiences in China.B. Podareva’s most famous poem.
C. Podareva’s love for Chinese poetry.D. Podareva’s way of winning prizes.
14. How does Podareva try to be a cultural ambassador between China and Russia
A. By spreading cultural differences between China and Russia.
B. By finding some funny misunderstandings towards Russians.
C. By making and sharing videos about poems and culture online.
D. By learning to write Chinese poems from famous Chinese poets.
15. Why does Podareva want to create a website in Russia
A. To exhibit some of her 66 paintings on the website.
B. To introduce some ways of creating poems in Chinese.
C. To help deepen the friendship between China and Russia.
D. To explain why poetry and painting are the same art form.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了热爱诗歌的Podareva通过作诗的方式来表达对中国的感情，描述中国和俄罗斯之间的友谊，除此之外她制作视频并分享到网上，来解释中国人对俄罗斯人的误解；她也是一名画家，并在上海举办了画展。
【12题详解】细节理解题。根据“Growing up, she wrote many poems in both Russian and English.”可知，用俄语和英语写了许多诗歌，故选B。
【13题详解】段落大意题。根据“Podareva has had colorful experiences in China in the past ten years”可知，本段讲述了她在中国的经历，故选A。
【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的内容“In 2020, she began to make videos and shared them online… Sometimes she made humorous videos to explain the misunderstandings that Chinese people have towards Russians.”可知，在网上制作和分享关于诗歌和文化的视频，故选C。
【15题详解】细节理解题。根据“I hope to create a website in Russia and introduce China—through my poetry and paintings-to Russians, so that the friendship between the two countries will be much deeper.”可知，希望在俄罗斯建立一个网站是为了深化中俄友谊，故选C。
When you are tired of buildings, you can visit one of London’s many beautiful parks.Hyde Park first opened to the people of London in the seventeenth century. It is not far from the shops of busy Oxford Street, but it is nice and quiet. In the center is the lake called the Serpentine, and you can take a boat out on the water.There are usually a lot of people at Speakers’ Corner. Some people come here because they want to tell the world important or interesting things—about the government, or science, or the church, or “the end of the world”. They stand at the Corner, and call out to all the people around them. Other people stand and listen, and sometimes laugh too.
Kensington Gardens is next to Hyde Park. Here you can see a statue（雕像） of Peter Pan, the famous boy in the book Peter Pan by J. M. Baie. There is also a playground here, called the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground. And the playground has lots of exciting things for children.Regent’s Park is the home of London zoo. The zoo opened in 1828, and it has animals and birds from all over the world. There is also a theatre in the park. On a summer’s evening, you can sit out and watch a play by Shakespeare. Or you can see the park from the water—take a boat along the canal（运河） from Camden Lock to Little Venice. In the summer, you can listen to music in the park.St James’s Park is next to the Mall. It is a small park, but very beautiful, and it is the oldest of the royal（皇家）parks. Lots of birds live on and around the lake in the centre of the park.
16. Where can you listen to an interesting speech A. In Hyde Park.B. In Regent’s Park.C. In St James’s Park.D. In Kensington Gardens.17. What can you do in Regent’s Park A. See a statue of Peter Pan.B. Enjoy plays or music.C. Go boating on the lake.D. Watch birds on the playground.18. What do we know about St James’s Park A. It’s a very old royal park.B. It’s far away from the Mall.C. It was built in the 17th century.D. It has a lake called the Serpentine.
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. A
【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍伦敦众多美丽的公园。
【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“Hyde Park first opened to the people of London in the seventeenth century...There are usually a lot of people at Speakers’ Corner.”可知在海德公园可以听一场有趣的演说，故选A。
【17题详解】细节理解题。根据“There is also a theatre in the park. On a summer’s evening, you can sit out and watch a play by Shakespeare...In the summer, you can listen to music in the park.”可知在摄政公园你可以欣赏戏剧或音乐。故选B。
【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“St James’s Park is next to the Mall. It is a small park, but very beautiful, and it is the oldest of the royal（皇家）parks.”可知圣詹姆斯公园是一个非常古老的皇家公园。故选A。
A hungry fly speeds through a forest. It smells nectar（花蜜）and lands on a green leaf. It starts to drink the sweet liquid（液体）. Suddenly, the fly’s world turns green. The two sides of the leaf close against each other. Long green teeth lock together around it. The fly has been caught by Venus flytrap. There is no way to run away alive.The Venus flytrap is perhaps the most famous killer plant. However, scientists have only recently started to understand how it hunts（猎取）and eats. After years of study, plant scientist Alexander Volkov believes he now knows the Venus flytrap’s secret. “This,” says Volkov, “is an electrical plant.”
There are three small hairs along each of the Venus flytrap’s two leaves. When an insect touches a hair, it creates an electrical signal （信号） in the leaf. The insect can continue feeding—for now. But if it touches another hair within 20 seconds, the leaf traps suddenly shut. This allows the plant to tell the difference between a drop of water, for example, and a moving insect.Once trapped, an insect has little chance of staying alive. Instead of nectar, the Venus flytrap now releases（释放）a different liquid—one that slowly eats away at the insect. Ten days later, almost nothing is left. The plant’s leaves open again, and the Venus flytrap is ready for its next meal.
19. What does “the fly’s world turns green” really mean A. The fly lands on a green leaf.B. The fly speeds into the forest.C. The fly drinks the green nectar.D. The fly is trapped by the leaf.
20. What makes the leaf close A. The drop of water.B. The smell of the insect.C. The touches on the hairs.D. The hunger of the plant.21. Which of the following is true about the Venus flytrap A. It uses electrical signals.B. Its trap closes very slowly.C. It makes three kinds of liquid.
D. It eats with its long teeth.
22. What’s the best title for the passage
A. Wonderful electricity.
B. Powerful hairs.
C. A famous killer plant.
D. The death of an insect.
【答案】19. D 20. C 21. A 22. C
【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了捕蝇草这种著名的杀手植物。
【19题详解】词句猜测题。根据“It smells nectar（花蜜）and lands on a green leaf. It starts to drink the sweet liquid（液体）. Suddenly, the fly’s world turns green. The two sides of the leaf close against each other. ”可知叶子的两面紧贴在一起，苍蝇被这个植物给捕获了，故选D。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据“There are three small hairs along each of the Venus flytrap’s two leaves. When an insect touches a hair, it creates an electrical signal （信号） in the leaf. The insect can continue feeding-for now. But if it touches another hair within 20 seconds, the leaf traps suddenly shut.”（捕蝇草的两片叶子上各有三根细毛。当昆虫接触到一根毛发时，它会在叶子中产生一个电信号。昆虫可以继续进食——暂时如此。但如果它在20秒内碰到另一根毛发，叶子陷阱就会突然关闭。）可知是毛发上的触动让叶片关闭的，故选C。
【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“It starts to drink the sweet liquid（液体）. Suddenly, the fly’s world turns green. The two sides of the leaf close against each other.”可知捕蝇草的陷阱关闭得很快；根据文章介绍可知捕蝇草先制造花蜜，然后制造吞噬昆虫的液体，一共两种液体；根据文章和常识可知，捕蝇草是用分泌的液体来消化昆虫，不是长牙齿。根据“When an insect touches a hair, it creates an electrical signal （信号） in the leaf”可知捕蝇草会使用电子信号。故选A。
【22题详解】最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了捕蝇草这种著名的杀手植物。故选C。
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