2024年中考英语阅读理解技巧和练习 课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
中考题型专练
阅读理解
主旨大意题
任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想，所以，文章通常是围绕该中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的中心思想，就要具备归纳和概括方面的能力，而这种能力又常是要考查的重点。
很多文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想，它主要通过主题句（Topic Sentence）来体现。
一般来说，文章的主题或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词，如
in short
In a word
in brief
to sumup
to conclude
其常用提问方式主要有：
What is the main idea/topic of the passage
The central point of these-lection is that.
The author is mainly concerned with.
The passages mainly about.
语义猜测题
该题型主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，常见的提问方式有：
The word“…”in the context means.
The word“…”could be best replaced by…
Which of the following is nearest meaning to
The word“…”probably refers to.
这不仅需要学生准确理解上下文，还要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇，并通过构词、语法等线索确定词义。
细节理解题
该题型主要测试学生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力，分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。
直接辨认一般只要求学生能从阅读材料中直接获取、记住信息，然后能快速地将他们回忆出来；
间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行各种转换，为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义。
常见的提问方式有：
Which of the following is NOT included（mentioned）in the passage
Which of the following sentences is NOT true
推理判断题
这种题型主要考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断的逻辑思维能力，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等，常用提问方式有：
We can infer/learn from the（last）paragraph that.
It can be concluded from the passage that.
The passage implies/suggests that.
What can be concluded from the passage
The author's purpose of writing the passage is.
这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。
立足课本，训练阅读思维
通过以上对高考英语阅读理解题的分析，可以看出高考英语命题的趋势是“突出能力，侧重思维”。着重考查学生的观察、分析、对比、联想和判断等思维能力。
所以，教学中我们应充分利用课文内容，进行有效的阅读训练，提高其阅读能力。包括对文章中字词句的表层理解（包括辨认词义、句法结构等）以及对文章的结构、主旨进行分析与逻辑判断。
从而深刻理解全文，并在此基础上引导站在新的高度上再读课文，领会文章中事件的背景和结局、主要人物的评析和作者的观点意图等。
拓宽英语阅读空间
尽管与以往相比，目前高中英语教科书所提供的阅读量有较大幅度的增加，但离大纲的要求还相距甚远，仅限于课文的阅读教学是远远不够的。所以，同学们要精心选择、补充阅读材料，以拓宽阅读内容视角，增加阅读量。
选择体裁多样（如叙述、描写、应用、说明、议论等文体皆可）、题材广泛（如社会政治经济、日常生活、史地常识、科普文章等）、篇幅适当、内涵丰富、难度适中的阅读材料。
特别是具有时代感，异国文化背景浓厚的作品、科技动态、时事新闻等方面的文章，以获取新信息，增长新知识，形成新思维，以有利于语言知识的运用和阅读理解分析题的解答。
掌握阅读技巧
高考阅读理解题内容多，时间紧，不仅需要学生具备扎实的基础知识，而且还需要较快的阅读速度。所以，阅读的方法和技巧就显得非常重要。
依据前面对高考英语阅读理解题的分析，我们在平时的教学和训练中，必须重视阅读的方法和技巧的生成。
如引导学生寻找主题句；养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯；学会运用构词法、语境等推测关键词义；利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等，把握文章脉络，进行逻辑推理和判断等。
模拟练习
1
Like most parents, mine spent much time advising me to take part in activities outside school. However, they never forced me, and I never found anything I was interested in. Then one day a friend at school told me about a local dance group and asked if I wanted to go with her. So after school we went to talk to the dance teacher. She explained everything to us and we both decided to join.My parents were really pleased to hear I’d finally chosen dancing. They think if you develop an interest in doing something yourself, it will be easier to succeed.I’ve now been attending the dancing classes for 3 years and I really enjoy it. We are organized into age groups, and at 16 I’m now in the oldest class. There are classes of swing dance, ballet (芭蕾舞), street dance and folk dance. I practice street dance and I’m quite good at it. I also help out leading some of the younger children.We also take part in events like local and even national dance shows, and relatives turn up to see their children perform. My parents are proud of me as they tell me all the time.Now I’ll be too old to continue dancing with the group. However, I have already made plans to continue with them. The dance school has become very successful and is opening new classes. The director has asked if I’d like to be one of the group leaders and of course I said “yes”!— By Julie, 16
26. Who made Julie decide to join the local dance group A. Her parents. B. Her teacher. C. Her friend. D. Herself.27. According to Julie’s parents, what is more important to be successful A. Interest. B. Hard work. C. Courage. D. Pride.28. When did Julie attend the dancing classes A. 1 year ago. B. 2 years ago. C. 3 years ago. D. 4 years ago.29. What kind of dance is Julie good at A. Swing dance. B. Ballet. C. Street dance. D. Folk dance.30. How does Julie feel about her future development A. Unhappy. B. Clear. C. Scared. D. Worried.
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者介绍自己遵从内心兴趣选择学习舞蹈，并且明确自己未来的发展。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“Then one day a friend at school told me about a local dance group and asked if I wanted to go with her. So after school we went to talk to the dance teacher. She explained everything to us and we both decided to join.”可知，学校里的一个朋友告诉我当地有一个舞蹈团，问我是否想和她一起去。所以放学后我们去找舞蹈老师。她向我们解释了一切，我们俩都决定加入。由此可知，是作者自己想加入的，故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“They think if you develop an interest in doing something yourself, it will be easier to succeed.”可知，他们认为，如果你培养了自己做某事的兴趣，就会更容易成功。故选A。
【28题详解】细节理解题。根据“I’ve now been attending the dancing classes for 3 years”可知，我已经上了3年的舞蹈课了，所以是三年前加入的，故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据“I practice street dance and I’m quite good at it.”可知，我练习街舞，而且跳得很好。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据“The dance school has become very successful and is opening new classes. The director has asked if I’d like to be one of the group leaders and of course I said ‘yes’!”可知，这所舞蹈学校非常成功，正在开设新的课程。主任问我是否愿意当组长，我当然说“愿意”。由此可知，作者对于自己未来的规划非常明确，故选B。
Warming temperatures and shorter winters might sound like the end of snow days. However, rising temperatures may actually cause snowstorms to dump more snow, says David Robinson. He is a professor at a university in New Jersey. He studies climate (气候) change.Temperature change is one of the greatest in Earth’s climate change over a long period of time. It can happen naturally or because of human activities, such as burning gas and coal. Burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to warmer global temperatures over time.But how could warmer temperatures lead to more snow To get snow, you need moisture (水汽) and freezing temperatures (0℃ or less), says Robinson. Without moisture in the air, there is no precipitation (rain or snow). Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between moisture and precipitation.
“The warmer the air becomes, the more moisture it holds. So, if it’s warming and still cold enough to snow, you can get more snow,” Robinson says.Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D. C. region, five happened in the past 25 years, according to the NWS. During that same time period, average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.Weather experts suggest that rising temperatures may make winter shorter and less cold. But for now, the snow is still falling. One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature. Once temperatures stay above freezing, snowstorms become rain. Until then, we might continue to see strong storms.According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think. He says, “When we look back, years from now, we may see that this was the breaking point.”
31. What is paragraph 2 mainly about A. How Earth’s climate changes. B. What causes rising temperatures.C. What produces carbon dioxide. D. How pollution influences climate.32. What will the warming temperatures cause according to the text A. Less coal. B. Drier weather.C. Longer winters. D. Stronger snowstorms.33. What is the purpose of paragraph 5 A. To introduce D. C.B. To report the biggest 10 snowstorms.C. To support Robinson’s ideas.D. To show the increase of temperatures.34. What does Robinson think of the future warming temperatures A. Impossible. B. Serious. C. Meaningless. D. Amazing.35. Where is the text probably taken from A. A science magazine. B. A story book.C. A science fiction. D. A travel guide.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A【解析】【导语】本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to warmer global temperatures over time.”可知，第二段主要介绍了导致气温上升的原因。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据“Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between moisture and precipitation.”可知，变暖的温度会导致更强的暴风雪。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据“Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D. C. region, five happened in the past 25 years, …average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.”可推知，作者在第五段通过陈述华盛顿地区的事实，进一步印证了Robinson的观点。故选C。
【34题详解】推理判断题。根据“One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature.”以及“According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think.”可推知，Robinson认为未来全球变暖，气温升高会很严重。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。故可推知，文章可能来源于一本科学杂志。故选A。
A garden is much more than just creating a beautiful environment. It can be a way to save or even make money and, more than that, it can be a place where you can express yourself. For me, it’s a bit of all these things. I know it may sound strange for a 13-year-old girl to be interested in gardening, but I have always been and I would love to make a career (职业) out of it.I have learned many things these past few years. I have been reading about and doing some gardening. So, here is my top advice about gardening. First, you do not need to spend a lot of money to have a beautiful garden. Some of the gardens that I think are the prettiest are just lines of plants. There aren’t many garden decorations (装饰) and pathways. It’s just beautiful plants with fruits and vegetables. We can also find many useful things for free, from pieces of old wood to old pots and pans. Or, we can build things for free from materials that other people have thrown away.
If you just remember that planting what is more than you need will take the stress away of losing some plants, you will save yourself a lot of worry, too. Besides, you need to ask yourself which plants produce enough food to make them worth growing. I actually sat down and did the maths on that one this spring. It amazed me what some plants were worth. A tomato, for example, can produce 50- 150 worth of fruit. It takes up a lot of space but that’s a lot of money coming out of a 50-pence seed (种子)! So if I had known earlier what each plant could save us, I would have told my parents to fill our garden with different plants.And finally, gardening doesn’t have to be all or nothing. But then I guess that’s more of a personality weakness than anything. I struggle with doing things a little at a time. Once I decide to do something, I usually devote every waking hour to it for a little while and then get tired. So it’s okay to just have one tomato plant, and it’s okay to have an off year. It will save you a lot of stress.
36. What does the writer want to tell us about gardening in paragraph 1 A. The gardeners can make much money.B. It’s just about creating a beautiful place.C. The most important is to express yourself.D. It means different things to different people.37. How would the writer describe her favorite garden A. Simple. B. Expensive. C. Magic. D. Creative.38. What advice does the writer give us about gardening A. Use what we can find around us. B. Try to make a career out of it.C. Ask other gardeners to give help. D. Spend as much time as we can.39. What can we learn about the writer’s gardening experience A. She wants to grow everything.B. She did everything right.C. She has a lot of fun in doing it.D. She needs to work harder.40. What does the underlined word “devote” mean in the last paragraph A. Waste. B. Spend. C. Change. D. Count.
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. A 39. C 40. B【解析】【导语】本文介绍了作者对园艺的看法，作者也对园艺提供了一些建议。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据“For me, it’s a bit of all these things. I know it may sound strange for a 13-year-old girl to be interested in gardening, but I have always been and I would love to make a career (职业) out of it.”可知，园艺对作者来说，有着重要的意义。故可推知，作者在第一段告诉我们园艺对不同的人意味着不同的东西。故选D。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据“Some of the gardens that I think are the prettiest are just lines of plants. There aren’t many garden decorations (装饰) and pathways. It’s just beautiful plants with fruits and vegetables.”可推知，作者描述的最喜欢的花园是简单的。故选A。
【38题详解】推理判断题。根据“We can also find many useful things for free, from pieces of old wood to old pots and pans. Or, we can build things for free from materials that other people have thrown away.”可推知，作者建议利用周围能找到的东西。故选A。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据“I know it may sound strange for a 13-year-old girl to be interested in gardening, but I have always been and I would love to make a career (职业) out of it.”以及“It will save you a lot of stress.”可推知，她做这件事很开心。故选C。【40题详解】词句猜测题。根据“Once I decide to do something, I usually devote every waking hour to it for a little while and then get tired.”可知，一旦作者决定做某件事，通常会很投入，然后就会感到疲倦。因此“devote”与“Spend”语义相近。故选B。
The 21-year-old student from the college of Special Education of Changchun University, Jilin Province, Zhan Junyi has been deaf since birth. But he has overcome great difficulties to achieve his dream of becoming a professional dancer, and is now able to hear music through an artificial cochlea (人工耳蜗).When he was 2, his parents took him to some training courses, and he learned to understand people by reading lips (嘴唇). During the slow and hard process, not only his parents but also some teachers from the training center offered great help to him. Thanks to their lasting efforts and help, Zhan had the chance to achieve as much as someone who can hear. Zhan had an artificial cochlea implanted (移植) when he was 4 years old. Then he was able to better understand people with its help.In the summer of 2008, Zhan watched a dance show of Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva (千手观音) by the China Disabled People’s Performing Art Troupe (剧团) at the closing ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games (残奥会) on TV. Deeply moved by their excellent skill and energy, he began to watch videos of performances and competitions, learned to copy the movements and dreamed of becoming a dancer like them.
After graduating from primary school in 2015, Zhan passed the exam for the troupe and began to learn dance with the other members. To help him keep up, his teacher repeatedly played the drum and told him where the beats and rhythm (节奏) points were. Then, the teacher also guided him by using sign language. What’s more, as his artificial cochlea could easily fall out, he had to wear a headband to help keep it in.Through lasting efforts and hard work, Zhan came to be perfect at dancing and entered Changchun University to study dance in 2021. In recent years, Zhan has built up lots of experience performing at events such as the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympic Games and the 2023 Spring Festival Gala (春晚).After he graduates, Zhan wants to return to the troupe and become a national-level dancer. He hopes to help other children like him to learn how to dance and feel its joy.
26. How did Zhan understand other people before he was four A. By reading other people’s lips. B. By learning at a training center.C. By using an artificial cochlea. D. By getting help from his parents.27. What made him decide to learn to dance A. Having some training courses. B. Taking part in the Olympics.C. Getting help from his teachers. D. Watching a dance show on TV.28. What can we inter (推断) from Paragraph Four A. What the feelings of the dancer were.B. Why the teacher taught Zhan to dance.C. It was difficult for Zhan to learn to dance.D. More people will become interested in dancing.
29. Which words can be used to describe Zhan according to the passage A. Strict and honest. B. Encouraging and hard-working.C. Clever and careful. D. Humorous and warm-hearted.30. What is the best title (题目) of the passage A. A Helping Hand to a Deaf Boy. B. A Brave Boy with a Hearing Problem.C. A Dance Class for Disabled People. D. A Deaf Dancer’s Road to Success.
【答案】26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了失聪的詹俊逸成为专业舞者的成功之路。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“When he was 2, his parents took him to some training courses, and he learned to understand people by reading lips.”及“Zhan had an artificial cochlea implanted when he was 4 years old.”可知四岁才使用人工耳蜗，四岁之前是通过唇语来理解别人的。故选A。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“In the summer of 2008, Zhan watched a dance show of Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva by the China Disabled People’s Performing Art Troupe at the closing ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games on TV. Deeply moved by their excellent skill and energy, he began to watch videos of performances and competitions, learned to copy the movements and dreamed of becoming a dancer like them.”可知他决定学习舞蹈是因为在电视上看了一场舞蹈表演。故选D。
【28题详解】推理判断题。根据“To help him keep up, his teacher repeatedly played the drum and told him where the beats and rhythm points were. Then, the teacher also guided him by using sign language. What’s more, as his artificial cochlea could easily fall out, he had to wear a headband to help keep it in.”可知为了帮助他跟上节奏，他的老师反复敲鼓，并告诉他节拍和节奏点在哪里。然后，老师还用手语指导他。更重要的是，由于他的人工耳蜗很容易脱落，他不得不戴上发带来帮助固定它。由此推出学跳舞对詹来说很难。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据“Through lasting efforts and hard work, Zhan came to be perfect at dancing and entered Changchun University to study dance in 2021.”可知詹很努力，结合全文内容可知詹的故事的鼓舞人心的。故选B。【30题详解】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了失聪的詹俊逸成为专业舞者的成功之路。用“A Deaf Dancer’s Road to Success.”做标题最合适。故选D。
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