2024年中考英语完形填空专练（二）课件(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
中考题型专练
完形填空
完形填空是中考必考且经久不衰的题型，因其对语言综合理解能力，单词积累作用能力要求较高的特点，一直是考试中的难题，很多同学在完形填空上花费大量时间却不见成效，在此之前初中英语部针对这个问题分享一些解题技巧和学习方法。
一、首句不设置填空，充分利用首句信息
完形填空的特点是篇幅小，起点高，容量大，它不仅考查词汇、语法方面的基础知识，还着重考查学生对语言的、材料的要求。完形填空所采用的短文，首句通常是个完整的句子，不设空，常常包含对解题有用的信息，给予我们很多提示，可判断文章的大意乃至主题。因此，同学们要充分利用完形填空首句的提示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，并据此展开思维，正确把握文章脉络。
首句可以给学生提示以下内容：
1. 文章体裁
不同体裁的文章往往有不同特点，我们可以通过首句对文章体裁进行推测，这将有利于我们更好从整体上理解和把握全文。
2. 全文主旨
把握文章的主旨，有助于摸清文章的线索，有利于更好地理解和把握全文。
3. 下文内容
分析首句有利于顺着作者思路预测下文内容，按照作者的逻辑的分析和预测，避免出现作者写的是一个故事，而学生理解的是另一个故事。
4. 作者的态度
完形填空的语篇中常常渗透作者对叙述的人或事件的态度，而作者的态度有助于我们决定应该选择哪个选项。
二、关注上下文联系，寻找文章提示线索
文章是一个具有内在联系的整体，而上下文则是营造语境的基础，也是逻辑推理的依据。通过全文，理顺大意，根据上下文找出信息词，是做好完形填空的关键。完形填空在命题设计上的趋向是朝着深层次化及语境化方面挖掘，逐渐摒弃单纯的语言分析考查，而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断。就空格设置而言，体现了以实词为主，虚词为辅的特点，而且四个选项为同一词性、无语法错误，词语在特定的语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法光凭字面上或单从个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解获知。这就加强了干扰项的迷惑性，从而提高了试题的难度值。
三、培养解题逻辑思维，多角度全面分析
语篇是完形填空的信息载体，是解题的依据，也就是我们要根据原文给出的内容进行回填。因此，完形填空的解题过程也是一个阅读的过程。在阅读过程中学生其实是在跟文中的作者交流信息。为了能准确、快速理解文章内容，我们必须把握作者的思路，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。在整个阅读过程中我们始终进行着联想、推测等基本的思维活动。学生在做完形填空时要不断从各个角度进行合乎逻辑的推理并不断地验证推理的正确性，修正其非正确性，以达到理解全文，解决问题的目的。正确的分析是恰当理解的必要前提条件，而恰当解题是对题目进行正确分析推理的必然结果。
四、关注文章标志词，合理分析行文思路
语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语。
如：表示结构层次的标志语有：firstly，secondly，finally等; 表示逻辑关系的有：because，therefore，so等;表示改变话题的有：by the way等;表示递进关系的有besides，what’s more，等; 表示时间关系的有before，meanwhile，now，later等等; 在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用标志词，尤其是“因并转否”的逻辑关系，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
五、注意习惯用法和词语间的区别，积累一词多义
完形填空中对词汇的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面，同时还涉及一词多义的用法。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓“习语”，不能随意变动。而在众多的习语中，介词往往扮演最活跃的角色，其次是副词。所以，诸如习惯用法中，用它来分析破解完形填空，或许算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有增加的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语的搭配能力不可。学生在做题时，应先解决有习惯用法和词语搭配等的固定型选项，使部分句子畅通，这样会有利于整篇题目中难题的解答。
模拟练习
1
How did you spend your summer and winter holidays Did you travel Or did you just stay at home and watch TV As for 14-year-old Wang Ziyue, he had a ____1____ way to spend his holidays. The boy spent his holidays running a mobile library.Wang got the ____2____ of building a library in August 2018. At that time, he was spending his ____3____ holiday at his grandma’s home in a town in Taizhou, Zhejiang. He found that ____4____ of the children in the town watched TV all day on their holiday as they hardly had any books at home. Wang wanted to help them. During the winter holiday in 2019, he ____5____ more than 500 books and brought them back to the town.
At his grandma’s home, Wang built a small library to ____6____ his books with others. His library helped to make some children fall in love with ____7____. But Wang didn’t stop there. He made a cart（手推车）into a mobile library. On market days, he ____8____ his cart to the market so that more children were able to read the books. For four years Wang has helped hundreds of children, and his library now has about 1,200 books. Many people ____9____ praise Wang for what he has done. They say the library is small, _____10_____ it is a big help to children in the town.
1. A. common B. special C. secret2. A. advice B. agreement C. idea3. A. summer B. National Day C. winter4. A. many B. few C. none5. A. lost B. chose C. wrote6. A. mix B. compare C. share7. A. speaking B. listening C. reading8. A. sold B. took C. returned9. A. highly B. luckily C. nervously10. A. so B. or C. but
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了14岁的王子悦的特殊的度假方式，就是经营一个移动图书馆，帮助小镇上的孩子们爱上阅读。【1题详解】句意：对于14岁的王子悦来说，他有一种特殊的度假方式。common普通的；special特殊的；secret秘密的。根据下一句“The boy spent his holidays running a mobile library.”可知，他的假期用来经营一家移动图书馆，说明他的度假方式很特殊。故选B。【2题详解】句意：王在2018年8月萌生了建图书馆的想法。advice建议；agreement同意；idea想法。根据“building a library”可知此处指建图书馆的想法。故选C。【3题详解】句意：当时，他正在浙江台州的一个小镇的奶奶家里过暑假。summer夏天；National Day国庆节；winter冬天。根据上文“in August 2018”可知，八月正好是暑假期间。故选A。
【4题详解】句意：他发现镇上的许多孩子在度假时整天看电视，因为他们家里几乎没有书。many许多；few几乎没有的；none没有一个。根据下一句“Wang wanted to help them.”可知，王想帮助那些孩子，说明人数很多。故选A。【5题详解】句意：2019年寒假期间，他挑选了500多本书带回小镇。lost丢失；chose挑选；wrote写。根据“more than 500 books and brought them back to the town”可知是挑选书并把它们带回小镇。故选B。【6题详解】句意：在奶奶家，王建了一个小图书馆，和别人分享他的书。mix混合；compare比较；share分享。根据“his books with others”可知此处应用动词短语share sth with sb表示“和某人分享某物”。故选C。
【7题详解】句意：他的图书馆帮助一些孩子爱上了阅读。speaking讲话；listening听；reading阅读。根据“His library”可知是他的图书馆和阅读有关。故选C。【8题详解】句意：在赶集的日子里，他带着他的手推车去集市，这样更多的孩子能够阅读这些书。sold售卖；took带着；returned返回。根据“his cart to the market ”可知是把他的手推车带去集市。故选B。【9题详解】句意：许多人高度赞扬王的所作所为。highly高地；luckily幸运地；nervously紧张地。根据“praised”可知此处应用highly praise表示“高度赞扬”。故选A。【10题详解】句意：他们说图书馆很小，但它对镇上的孩子们有很大帮助。so因此；or或者；but但是。空格前后两个句子存在语意上的转折关系，应用表示转折关系的连词but来连接。故选C。
My husband’s grandmother, aged 75, has been living with us in Beijing for a month now. Full of energy, she ____11____ to cook meals for us every day. The food she prepares is very delicious. That’s not all. Granny helps us with chores in our house. When we go out for a walk, I try hard to keep up with her.____12____, what surprises me most is how excitedly she accepts the latest progress in high technology life. Mind you, she had received only primary school education.When she joined us, we bought her a Beijing transportation card ____13____ she could use city buses and subways. One day, she came back ____14____ an e-card fixed on her smartphone. “It’s far more convenient. I saw others walk into the subway station just by scanning (扫描) their ____15____. I asked one for help to set it up on my phone,” she said with a big smile.
Later, we taught her how to watch videos, buy clothes and vegetables on smartphones, and even play mahjong (麻将) online. It quickly became her ____16____ smartphone app (应用软件). Though she was unable to understand well at first, our ____17____ help a few times and some encouragement helped her overcome the troubles. Most importantly, such communication has made ____18____ family relationship deeper. As for me, I’m very ____19____ to play mahjong online with Grandma. The other day, she knocked on my door and said, “Come, we need a fourth player to play mahjong together.”We realize an elderly-friendly society means the old people can get great satisfaction and ____20____. When grandparents turn to their grandchildren for help with smartphones, a little more patience from the young can go a long way in encouraging the old to move further in high technology life.
11. A. hopes B. plans C. attends D. volunteers
12. A. However B. Though C. Besides D. Instead
13. A. but B. so C. or D. while
14. A. by B. with C. on D. to
15. A. computers B. cards C. phones D. faces
16. A. favorite B. perfect C. secret D. proper
17. A. medical B. patient C. polite D. friendly
18. A. their B. her C. your D. our
19. A. sorry B. creative C. glad D. sad
20 A. luck B. health C. wealth D. happiness
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. D【解析】【导语】本文主要讲了一个75岁的老奶奶学习使用智能手机的事情，告诉我们年轻人多一点耐心，就能大大鼓励老年人在高科技生活中走得更远。【11题详解】句意：她精力充沛，每天自愿为我们做饭。hopes希望；plans计划；attends加入；volunteers自愿做。根据“The food she prepares is very delicious.”可知是自愿为作者一家做饭。故选D。【12题详解】句意：然而，最令我惊讶的是她对高科技生活的最新进展是如此兴奋。However然而；Though尽管；Besides此外；Instead反而。上下文句意出现转折，用However。故选A。【13题详解】句意：当她加入我们的时候，我们给她买了一张北京交通卡，这样她就可以乘坐北京的公交车和地铁了。but但是；so因此；or否则；while然而。句子前因后果，用so连接表因果关系的并列句。故选B。
【14题详解】
句意：一天，她带着一张固定在智能手机上的电子卡回来了。
by通过；with有；on关于；to到。根据“she came back ... an e-card fixed on her smartphone”可知手机上有一张电子卡。故选B。
【15题详解】
句意：我看到有人仅仅通过扫描手机就走进了地铁站。
computers电脑；cards卡片；phones手机；faces脸。根据“I asked one for help to set it up on my phone”可知是通过扫描手机进站。故选C。
【16题详解】
句意：它很快成为她最喜欢的智能手机应用程序。
favorite最喜欢；perfect完美的；secret秘密的；proper适当的。根据“Come, we need a fourth player to play mahjong together.”可知麻将成了奶奶最喜欢的应用软件。故选A。
【17题详解】
句意：虽然她一开始听不太懂，但我们几次耐心的帮助和鼓励帮助她克服了困难。
medical医学的；patient有耐心的；polite有礼貌的；friendly友好的。根据“our ... help a few times and some encouragement helped her overcome the troubles.”可知是几次耐心的帮助。故选B。
【18题详解】句意：最重要的是，这样的交流使我们的家庭关系更加深厚。their他们的；her她的；your你的；our我们的。根据上文可知是作者一家人，此处表示“我们的家庭”。故选D。【19题详解】句意：至于我，我很高兴能和奶奶在网上打麻将。sorry对不起的；creative有创造力的；glad高兴的；sad难过的。根据“The other day, she knocked on my door and said, ‘Come, we need a fourth player to play mahjong together.’ ”可知作者乐意和奶奶在网上打麻将。故选C。【20题详解】句意：我们意识到一个对老年人友好的社会意味着老年人可以得到极大的满足和幸福。luck幸运；health健康；wealth财富；happiness幸福。根据“an elderly-friendly society”结合常识可知老年友好型社会会使老年人感到满足和幸福。故选D。
In sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet（单簧管）. The first year had gone ___1___. But as most students progressed, I seemed to ___2___ behind. One day, when my teacher told us to perform in class, I was filled with ___3___. When I began to play, my rhythms（节奏）were good, but my tone（调）was another ___4___. “Didn’t you practice your lesson ” the teacher shouted at me. I felt so ___5___ and my world fell down at once.From then on, I ___6___ playing the clarinet and I was getting worse. With the new performance coming near, I grew ___7___ upset. In a moment of panic（惊慌）, I asked for sick leave. It was such a(n) ___8___ way out and I was totally in relief.
I continued ___9___ my lessons until my mum asked me about it. “I want to give up,” said with tears in my eyes. “Why are you ____10____, if you really want to give up ” asked mum. She had a(n) ____11____ and I realized that I really wanted to stay in the band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to ____12____ out of. I knew it’s time to find my way out.The next day I ____13____ with my other band teacher and told her about my problems. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, ____14____ only an unpleasant sound came out he handed me a new reed（簧片）. I put it in place and tried again. To my ____15____, I could play so well.Hiding from those fears only digs a hole, making a person trapped（陷入困境）inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and more enjoyable.
1. A. slowly B. quickly C. quietly D. smoothly2. A. walk B. fall C. step D. move3. A. fear B. regret C. joy D. courage4. A. novel B. piece C. story D. part5. A. relaxed B. embarrassed C. worried D. nervous6. A. loved B. kept C. hated D. started7. A. finally B. hopefully C. suddenly D. increasingly8. A. hard B. easy C. silly D. painful9. A. avoiding B. taking C. choosing D. attending10. A. shouting B. crying C. changing D. asking11. A. point B. idea C. sight D. mind12. A. push B. pull C. draw D. climb13. A. argued B. played C. met D. worked14. A. and B. but C. or D. so15. A. sadness B. amusement C. surprise D. disappointment
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C【解析】【导语】本文讲述作者在六年级学单簧管遇到挫败，然后勇敢直面恐惧并战胜它的故事。【1题详解】句意：第一年过得很顺利。slowly缓慢地；quickly快速地；quietly安静地；smoothly顺利地。根据下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to…behind.”可知，后来似乎掉队了，说明第一年过得比较顺利，应用smoothly来表示。故选D。【2题详解】句意：但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。walk走路；fall落下；step踏上；move移动。根据“behind”可知此处应用动词短语fall behind表示“落后”。故选B。【3题详解】句意：有一天，当我的老师让我们在其他学生面前演奏时，我充满了恐惧。fear害怕，恐惧；regret悔恨，遗憾；joy喜悦，快乐；courage勇气。根据下文“and my world fell down at once”可知，我的世界瞬间崩塌了，说明很害怕。故选A。
【4题详解】句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。novel小说；piece片；story故事；part部分。根据“my rhythms（节奏）were good, but my tone（调）was another”可知，节奏和音调不是同一回事，应用story来表示。故选C。【5题详解】句意：我感觉很尴尬，我的世界一下子就塌了下来。relaxed放松的；embarrassed尴尬的；worried担忧的；nervous紧张的。根据“the teacher shouted at me”可知，老师对着我吼道，因此此处应是感到尴尬。故选B。【6题详解】句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且我的情况越来越糟。loved热爱；kept保持；hated讨厌；started开始。根据下文“I was getting worse”可知，我的情况变得更糟糕，说明我讨厌吹单簧管。故选C。【7题详解】句意：随着新演出的临近，我越来越沮丧。finally最后；hopefully满怀希望地；suddenly突然；increasingly越来越多地。根据“In a moment of panic（惊慌）, I asked for sick leave.”可知，我很惊慌，请病假，说明越来越沮丧，应用increasingly来表示“越来越多地”。故选D。
8题详解】句意：这是一条如此简单的出路，我完全松了一口气。hard困难的；easy容易的；silly愚蠢的；painful痛苦的。根据“I was totally in relief”可知，我松了一口气，说明这条出路很容易。故选B。【9题详解】句意：我继续逃课，直到我妈妈问起了这件事。avoiding避开；taking拿取；choosing选择；attending参加。根据上文“I asked for sick leave”可知，我装病躲避上课。故选A。【10题详解】句意：如果你真的想放弃，你为什么哭？shouting喊叫；crying哭；changing改变；asking问。根据“said with tears in my eyes”可知作者在哭，妈妈问如果真的想放弃，为什么还要哭。故选B。【11题详解】句意：她说的有道理，我意识到我真的很想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。point点；idea主意；sight视野；mind心力。根据“I realized that”可知此处应用have a point表示“有道理”。故选A。
【12题详解】句意：她说的有道理，我意识到我真的很想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。push推；pull拉；draw画；climb爬。根据“I had created a black hole”可知此处指很难爬出这个创造出来的黑洞。故选D。【13题详解】句意：第二天，我见到了另一位乐队老师，并向她讲述了我的问题。argued争吵；played玩耍；met遇见；worked工作。根据“told her about my problems”可知此处应用动词短语meet with表示“见到，遇见”。故选C。【14题详解】句意：我试了试，但只发出一个不愉快的声音出来。and并且；but但是；or或者；so因此。根据“I tried”和“only an unpleasant sound came out”可知，我试了试，但只发出一个不愉快的声音出来。前后两句存在意思上的转折，应用but来连接。故选B。【15题详解】句意：令我惊喜的是，我可以演奏得这么好。sadness悲伤；amusement好笑，搞笑；surprise惊喜；disappointment失望。根据“I could play so well”可知，我演奏得很好，这事是让我感到惊喜的。故选C。
Studying in a foreign country can be exciting. It can also be difficult, especially when the country is very different ____1____ your own. For 18-year-old Kusedyo, a Chinese language learner, to learn the language, hard work is not just enough, a certain level of “craziness” is also ____2____. “To learn and understand Chinese, you have to be a bit crazy. You have to understand the tones（音调）and the ____3____, and change your thinking,” he said. For many students, the learning process is not easy. Prosper Marindiko, ____4____ Chinese language learner, believes that motivation（动机）is very important to learn a second language as an adult. “____5____ it gets so frustrating（令人沮丧的）trying to learn a language because you think you have understood this word, then when you meet a Chinese out there and try to say the word, they don’t understand you at all,” he said.
“The reason why I am learning Chinese is because at work we communicate a lot with the Chinese, and usually we have some wrong understandings ____6____ language barrier（障碍）,” said Marindiko. Nowadays, for some foreigners, China has become a more popular study place than some ____7____ English-speaking countries. At the same time, knowing Chinese ____8____ doors to many job chances. Although learning Chinese is a difficult task, technology and the Internet are making it ____9____ difficult, even for those with no chances to meet native speakers of the language. In the future, the Chinese-speaking ____10____ will become larger and larger.
1. A. against B. from C. with2. A. needed B. served C. created3. A. ability B. course C. culture4. A. other B. the other C. another5. A. Sometimes B. Finally C. Unless6. A. as if B. such as C. because of7. A. strange B. traditional C. humorous8. A. locks B. closes C. opens9. A. fewer B. less C. more10. A. population B. website C. company
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了几位汉语学习者对学习汉语的看法。【1题详解】句意：这也可能很困难，尤其是当这个国家和你自己的国家非常不同的时候。against反对；from从；with和。be different from“不同于”，为固定短语，故选B。【2题详解】句意：对于18岁的汉语学习者Kusedyo来说，学习汉语不仅要努力，还需要一定程度的“疯狂”。needed需要；served服务；created创造。根据“to learn the language, hard work is not just enough”可知学习汉语需要努力和一定程度的“疯狂”。故选A。【3题详解】句意：你必须了解语气和文化，并改变你的想法。ability能力；course课程；culture文化。根据“You have to understand the tones（音调）and the...and change your thinking,”可知是指学习汉语需要了解语气和其中的文化，故选C。
【4题详解】句意：另一位汉语学习者Prosper Marindiko认为，作为成年人，学习第二语言的动机是非常重要的。other其他的；the other两者中的另一个；another三者及以上的另一个。根据“Prosper Marindiko,...Chinese language learner”可知此处是指另一个汉语学习者，应用another，故选C。【5题详解】句意：有时候，学习一门语言会让人感到沮丧，因为你以为自己已经理解了这个词，但当你在外面遇到一个中国人，试图说这个词的时候，他们根本听不懂你说的话。Sometimes有时候；Finally最终；Unless除非。根据“it gets so frustrating（令人沮丧的）trying to learn a language because you think you have understood this word”可知是指有时候学习一门语言会让人感到沮丧，故选A。【6题详解】句意：学习汉语的原因是，在工作中我们经常与中国人交流，由于语言障碍，我们通常会有一些错误的理解。as if好像；such as比如；because of因为。根据“usually we have some wrong understandings...language barrier（障碍）”可知是因为语言障碍，所以通常会有一些错误的理解。故选C。
【7题详解】句意：如今，对于一些外国人来说，中国已经成为一个比一些传统的英语国家更受欢迎的学习地点。strange奇怪的；traditional传统的；humorous幽默的。根据“China has become a more popular study place than some...English-speaking countries.”可知此处是指传统的说英语的国家，故选B。【8题详解】句意：同时，懂汉语也为你打开了很多工作机会的大门。locks锁；closes关闭；opens打开。根据“At the same time, knowing Chinese...doors to many job chances.”可知会中文可以帮助自己打开很多工作机会的大门。故选C。【9题详解】句意：虽然学习汉语是一项艰巨的任务，但科技和互联网使它变得不那么困难了，即使对那些没有机会遇到母语人士的人来说也是如此。fewer更少，修饰可数名词；less更少，修饰不可数名词；more更多。根据“technology and the Internet are making it...difficult”可知由于科技和互联网，现在学习汉语没有以前那么难了，应用less，故选B。【10题详解】句意：在未来，说汉语的人口将会越来越多。population人口；website网站；company公司。根据“In the future, the Chinese-speaking...will become larger and larger.”可知此处是指说汉语的人会越来越多，故选A。
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