(共18张PPT)
English Grammar
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English Grammar
助动词
English grammar
汉语中,可以用“吗?”来提问,可以用“不、没”等词来否定,而英语中不同的时态、人称、数量会导致动词有不同的变化,因此需要有专门的词来帮你提问、帮你否定,这就是助动词的作用,帮你提问,帮你否定,表示语态,进行强调。
助动词
需要注意的是,英语中有be动词、情态动词以及助动词have/has/had的句子可以直接将其提到句子前来提问,可以直接加not来进行否定。
1)助动词用来提问时,就是“吗?”的意思
2)用来否定时,就是“不、没”的意思
Grammar
do/does
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do/does作为实义动词时,表示“做某事”
eg. do homework, do the dishes,
She does the housework everyday.
do/does作为助动词时,是现在一般时态的一般疑问句所用的助动词
其否定式为don’t, doesn’t,用于否定句
Grammar
did
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did作为实义动词时,表示“做过/做了某事”
eg. did homework,
She did the dishes just now.
did作为助动词时,是过去一般时态的一般疑问句所用的助动词
其否定式为didn’t,用于否定句
Grammar
have/has
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have/has作为实义动词时,表示“有,上,吃”等多种意思
eg. have breakfast, have English class
She has a book.
have/has作为助动词时,是现在完成时态的一般疑问句所用的助动词,后需加过去分词
其否定式为haven’t, hasn’t,用于否定句
Grammar
had
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had作为实义动词时,表示“有过,上了,吃了”等多种意思
eg. had breakfast, had English class
She had a book but she lost it later.
had作为助动词时,是过去完成时态的一般疑问句所用的助动词,后需加过去分词
其否定式为hadn’t,用于否定句
Grammar
一般疑问句
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一般疑问句,说白了就是必须先回答“Yes”或“No”的句子,不像特殊疑问句需要具体问题具体回答。
肯定回答都是 Yes,主+助动词
否定回答都是 No,主+助动词+not
一般疑问句变法
一般疑问句的变法:
1. 看句子中是否有be动词、情态动词、have/has/had助动词
eg. Bob is a good student.
He can play the guitar.
We have seen that film.
像这样的句子,只需要将be动词、情态动词以及have/has/had助动词提到句子最前面并大写,便可产生“...吗?”的含义
即:Is Bob a good student
Can he play the guitar
Have you seen that film
一般疑问句变法
2. 句子中没有be动词、情态动词、have/has/had助动词,则需看人称、时态、数量,来确定助动词
eg. Bob likes to eat ice-cream.
Bob did his homework.
看人称是第一、二人称还是第三人称,因为第三人称有三单形式
三单:不是你,不是我,单个的东西,都是三单
看数量是单数还是复数
看时态是现在还是过去
确定助动词用do、does还是did
一般疑问句变法
3. 确定好助动词后,需要将原句中谓语动词还原,因为助动词do、does、did只用于一般态,不像完成态需要过去分词来表示完成,因此用do/does/did提问时它们已经帮你将三单、过去的概念体现出来了,动词就可以休息休息了。
eg. Bob likes to eat ice-cream.
Bob did his homework.
选好助动词,还原完谓语动词后,一般疑问句就完成了:
Does Bob like to eat ice-cream
Did Bob do his homework
否定句变法
否定句的变法:
1. 看句子中是否有be动词、情态动词、have/has/had助动词
eg. Bob is a good student.
He can play the guitar.
We have seen that film.
像这样的句子,只需要在be动词、情态动词以及have/has/had助动词后加not(可缩写)
即:Bob isn’t a good student.
He can’t play the guitar.
We haven’t seen that film.
Grammar
否定句变法
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1. 句子中没有be动词、情态动词、have/has/had助动词,则需看人称、时态、数量,来确定助动词
eg. Bob likes to eat ice-cream.
Bob did his homework.
确定助动词用don’t、doesn’t还是didn’t
3. 还原原句谓语动词
eg. Bob doesn’t like to eat ice-cream.
Bob didn’t do his homework.
注意事项
1. 一般疑问句要你我互换
2. 一般疑问句和否定句中要注意some-变为any-
eg. She wants to do something interesting. I have some books.
Does she want to do anything interesting Do you have any books
变一般疑问句需要进行“你”“我”互换,因为正常情况下人们很少会问自己怎么怎么吗
eg. I am a student.日常对话中一般不会问 Am I a student 我是学生吗?
而会问Are you a student 你是学生吗?
因此在进行你我互换时,要注意助动词跟着人称变化,除了you、I,还有you、we的互换。
注意事项
3. 否定句中要注意too变为either
eg. Bob likes dogs. I like dogs too.
Bob doesn’t like dogs. I don’t like dogs either.
4. 一般疑问句中never要变为ever,常见于完成态
eg. She has never to Beijing.
Has she ever been to Beijing
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句就是用特殊疑问词引导的问句,需要具体问题具体回答。汉语中问“什么”“谁”时语序无需过多变化,例:这是什么,你是谁。
而英语中除了who句型,特殊疑问句的语序为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
因此特殊疑问句的变法也很简单,先变一般疑问句,最后确定好特殊疑问词,加到问句最前面。
特殊疑问句变法
eg. Bob wants to go to Beijing.
1. 问谁,用who(不变语序)
Who wants to go to Beijing
2. 问什么
先一般:Does Bob want to ... 对想做的事情(want to后面的内容)的提问
后加疑问词: What does Bob want to do
2. 问地点
先一般:Does Bob want to go 对想去的地点(want to go后面的内容)的提问
后加疑问词: Where does Bob want to go
eg. Bob left his home at 10:00.
问时间,用what time/when
先一般,Did Bob left his home ... 对时间的提问
后加疑问词:When did Bob left his home
What time did Bob left his home
特殊疑问句变法
eg. Bob stayed in Beijing for 3 days.
问时常,用how long
先一般,Did Bob stay in Beijing... 对时间长度的提问
后加疑问词:How long did Bob stay in Beijing
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