2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 专题训练（有答案解析）

Passage 1
Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a person’s health and happiness. Researchers have found that inadequate sleep and tiredness increase a person’s risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity, high blood sugar levels, and heart disease. Now, a new study has found that getting enough sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.
Jeffrey Gross, the university science professor who led the research, was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class. Instead, the professor hoped the wrist-worn devices, which track a person’s physical activity, would show a connection between exercise and the academic achievement.
While Gross’s data showed no relationship between these two factors, the study found something surprising. As the researchers were analysing their data, they noticed that there was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep students got and their results in the course’s 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final exam.
Even more interesting, it was not enough for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Instead, it was the sleep you got during the days when learning was happening that mattered most.
The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student.“When you go to bed matters,” Gross says.“If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isn’t everything.”
Perhaps the most interesting was the huge effect that small differences in sleep patterns had on students’ grades. The entire course grades for students averaging six and a half hours of sleep each night were 25% lower than students who averaged just one hour more sleep. Similarly,students who changed their bedtime by even one hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtime.
1.Based on his original goals, which word best describes Professor Gross’s research findings
A.Complete.　　　　B.Accidental.
C.Convincing. D.Doubtful.
2.Who were the people taking part in the study
A.University student athletes.
B.Professor Gross’s own students.
C.Middle school chemistry students.
D.Volunteers from different universities.
3.How did Professor Gross’s team measure academic performance
A.Making the students wear a special watch.
B.Giving the students regular after-class quizzes.
C.Using students’ university entrance test results.
D.Using the students’ normal test and quiz grades.
4.Based on the study’s findings, who is likely to perform best academically
A.A person who sleeps for a total of 7 hours each night.
B.A person who sleeps from 11 p.m.to 6 a.m.each day.
C.A person whose normal bedtime changes between 9 p.m.and 12 p.m.
D.A person who has a good night’s sleep the night before an important test.
Passage 2
Mental health and happiness are important to students’ success in higher education but rarely get the attention they need. Colleges and universities in the United States have been seeing increases in mental illness among students for decades. Promoting students’ mental health and emotional happiness on campus requires more than a well-functioning counselling centre. It calls for a campus-wide commitment action plan.
American undergraduate students have been reporting increasing rates of anxiety and depression for decades. In the 2018-2019 Healthy Minds Study(HMS) survey, 40% of about 300,000 students at some 300 colleges and universities reported experiencing a mental health problem, and 60% said they were having difficulty accessing mental health care on campus or in the community. Other studies estimate that the dropout rate for US undergraduate students with mental health problems is over 40%, and that the popularity of mental health problems among graduate students is six times that of the general population.
Most academic institutions provide some mental health services, often through a counselling centre. But no matter how good that centre is, it alone cannot solve the problems. An important early step is for each institution to assess the extent of the crisis on its campus and whether there are enough treatment services either at the institution or in the local community. Another important question is whether there are elements of the institution’s own environment or culture that contribute to the problems that students are experiencing, like unreasonable workloads or deadlines for assignments.
Every college and university should carry out a comprehensive action plan to achieve this goal. This may require additional resources during a trying time for institutional budgets. But supporting all students is so important that financial priorities should be rearranged.
5.What happens to undergraduate students in America
A.They pay little attention to higher education.
B.Increasing students suffer from mental illness.
C.They are lacking in a sense of happiness.
D.They lose confidence in the future careers.
6.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A.Terrible dropout rates.
B.Decreasing general population.
C.Emotional happiness.
D.Mentally healthy problems.
7.What is the key solution to fixing the problems
A.Analysing the present situation.
B.Opening more counselling centres.
C.Offering free mental health services.
D.Reducing unreasonable workloads.
8.How can we put a comprehensive action plan into practice
A.By giving some useful advice.
B.By offering financial support.
C.By turning to the government.
D.By getting enough trying time.
Passage 3
“You’re so smart!” This encouraging response to children’s maths performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their maths motivation and achievement over time.
Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.
For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s maths performance and their maths beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their maths motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view maths ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe maths ability is unchangeable and that maths failure can’t be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics — in particular, related to failure — are more likely to avoid harder maths problems, exhibit higher levels of maths anxiety, and score lower on maths achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor maths adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about maths ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of maths might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
9.Which of the following is an example of process response
A.You are a lucky dog.
B.Running is in your blood.
C.What works well for your study
D.Why are you such a maths genius
10.What can be inferred from the study results
A.Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B.Children are more likely to be affected by maths anxiety.
C.Process responses help with children’s maths achievement.
D.Person responses can discourage children from learning maths.
11.What do researchers advise parents to do
A.Restrict person responses.
B.Defend their own beliefs.
C.Stress children’s performance.
D.Ignore children’s maths problems.
12.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Maths Helps
B.The Way Parents Talk to Children on Maths Matters
C.Responses to Enhance Children’s Maths Performance
D.Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Maths
Passage 4
About 15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a businessman and cycling enthusiast, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a good friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from hydrocephalus(脑积水), a buildup of liquid in the brain that often causes balance disturbances.
When he got home, McLindon went online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his friends, having fun and getting exercise. But there was more, as McLindon obtained from his friend’s reaction.“To see his son interacting with other kids,” McLindon says, “I’ll never forget the smile on the boy’s face.”
That smile has contributed to launching the McLindon Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with pediatric rehab(小儿科康复) clinics to find children who can benefit from owning an adaptive bike —and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the special child. A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder harness, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and braking mechanism in the back. The bikes are expensive —$3,000 to $4,000, and that’s with the foundation’s steep producer’s discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
“We worked with a 14-year-old girl who has spina bifida (脊柱裂),” says McLindon.“She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she was training for professional sports training. In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was an athlete in me.’”
So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start.“I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies,” McLindon says.“But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.”
13.Which of the following led McLindon to start the foundation
A.His enthusiasm for cycling.
B.The joy a bike brought to a kid.
C.The proposal from his good friend.
D.His son’s suffering from a brain disease.
14.What can we learn about the bikes from the text
A.They lack fund support.
B.They have safety issues.
C.They are very cheap and affordable.
D.They are designed for disabled kids.
15.What change did the bike bring to the 14-year-old girl
A.She recovered physically.
B.She stopped watching TV.
C.Her athletic potential was developed.
D.Her desire to give was stimulated.
16.What is the text mainly about
A.A bike seller.
B.Life-altering cycles.
C.Mentally-disabled kids.
D.An interactive platform.
Passage 5
They say everything is bigger in Texas. While that may be true, some of the best things in Texas are quite small. Here is a case in point: tiny Mount Vernon, a town of just under 3,000 people. But if you do come across Mount Vernon, you might just get an intention to stay. That happens a lot around here, and it’s worth noting how remarkable that is.
Tom Wilkinson was born in Mount Vernon 87 years ago and moved back after he retired from his career as a college English professor in Dallas. Like many of his neighbours, Wilkinson can track his ancestors back to the pioneers who settled here in the 1870s. And like many, he values the simple life you can’t easily find in big cities.“People are still polite. They hold the door open for you,” he says.“We grow strong roots here!”
Preserving and honouring the past has been key to helping Mount Vernon survive. The residents have restored and reopened some of the empty stores, including the old barbershop, built more than 100 years ago. An old general store was turned into a combination space. Wander in on any given day and you might find a book club discussion or a work session for the local genealogy(家谱) group among the tables of people chatting over cups of coffee and plates of food.
Mount Vernon has the kind of big hearts you tend to find in a small town. For instance, when a local policeman was diagnosed with cancer last year, ten-year-old Lola McKellar set up a lemonade stand to raise money for his treatments. In 2015, when a 350-year flood sent water rushing into local homes, an army of volunteers showed up to get a wheelchair-bound neighbour and his wife to higher ground, and then came back to help others.
17.What does the author think of Mount Vernon
A.Remote.
B.Wealthy.
C.Primitive.
D.Attractive.
18.Why did Tom Wilkinson come back to Mount Vernon
A.He preferred the simple and natural life.
B.He could continue his language teaching.
C.He could live together with his ancestors.
D.He could meet more neighbours of his age.
19.What can we infer about people’s way of life in Mount Vernon from paragraph 3
A.It is in danger of extinction.
B.It is quickly changing over time.
C.It is conservative but harmonious.
D.It is being disturbed by the outside world.
20.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The history of Mount Vernon.
B.The humanity of Mount Vernon.
C.The volunteers of Mount Vernon.
D.The reconstruction of Mount Vernon.
Passage 6
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码)experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
21.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
22.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A.To compare different types of park-goers.
B.To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C.To analyze the main features of the park.
D.To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
23.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
24.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A.Language study.
B.Environmental conservation.
C.Public education.
D.Intercultural communication.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明, 睡眠除了对身体健康造成影响之外, 也会对学习成绩产生影响。
1.B　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “WhileGross’sdatashowednorelationshipbetweenthesetwofactors,thestudyfoundsomethingsurprising.” 可知, 格罗斯教授的研究发现是偶然的。 故选B项。
2.B　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “JeffreyGross,theuniversityscienceprofessorwholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.” 可知, 参与研究的人是他自己的学生。故选B项。
3.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Astheresearcherswereanalysingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepstudentsgotandtheirresultsinthecourse’s11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.” 可知, 格罗斯教授的团队是使用学生常规的测试和测验成绩来衡量学业表现的。故选D项。
4.B　解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedinearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.” 以及最后一段中的 “Similarly,studentswhochangedtheirbedtimebyevenonehoureachnighthadgradesthatdropped45%belowthosewithmoreregularbedtime.” 可知, 根据这项研究可知, 睡得较早、睡眠时间充足并且规律的学生表现好。结合选项可推知, 每天的睡眠时间从晚上11点到早上6点的人可能在学业上表现最好。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。如今越来越多的美国大学生患有精神方面的疾病, 文章列举了大学生心理健康问题的具体数据和要解决这一问题应该采取的措施。
5.B　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “CollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavebeenseeingincreasesinmentalillnessamongstudentsfordecades.” 可知, 越来越多的美国大学生患有精神疾病。 故选B项。
6.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “...40%ofabout300,000studentsatsome300collegesanduniversitiesreportedexperiencingamentalhealthproblem,and60%saidtheywerehavingdifficulty...withmentalhealthproblemsisover40%,andthatthepopularityofmentalhealthproblemsamonggraduatestudentsissixtimesthatofthegeneralpopulation.” 可知, 本段中的统计数据都是有关心理健康问题的。故选D项。
7.A　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Animportantearlystepisforeachinstitutiontoassesstheextentofthecrisisonitscampusandwhetherthereareenoughtreatmentserviceseitherattheinstitutionorinthelocalcommunity.” 可知, 解决问题的关键是分析现状。故选A项。
8.B　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “Thismayrequireadditionalresourcesduringatryingtimeforinstitutionalbudgets.Butsupportingallstudentsissoimportantthatfinancialprioritiesshouldberearranged.” 可知, 可以通过提供资金支持来实施一项全面的行动计划。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要内容是说父母对孩子的数学学习做出的不同反应, 会对孩子产生不同的作用;用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子, 可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成绩, 所以建议家长在家里限制这种类型的反应。
9.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Parentswhomakecommentslinkingtheirchildren’sperformancetopersonalcharacteristicslikeintelligenceareusingwhat’sreferredtoaspersonresponses.Incontrast,parentswholinktheirchildren’sactions,suchaseffortsorstrategyuse,totheirperformanceareusingprocessresponses.”可知, 使用“过程反应”的父母, 将孩子的行为(如努力或策略的使用)与他们的表现联系起来, 而C项“Whatworkswellforyourstudy ”谈论的是孩子的学习策略, 属于“过程反应”。故选C项。
10.D　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently,anewstudy,conductedbytheUniversityofGeorgia,foundthatencouragingchildrenwithresponsesrelatedtotheirpersonalcharacteristicsorinbornabilitiesmightweakentheirmathsmotivationandachievementovertime.”和第四段中的“Whileresponseshighlightingstrategyandeffortsarenotrelatedtoanyachievementoutcomes,childrenwhoreceivemoreresponsesabouttheirpersonalcharacteristics—inparticular,relatedtofailure—aremorelikelytoavoidhardermathsproblems,exhibithigherlevelsofmathsanxiety,andscoreloweronmathsachievementtests.”可知,“个人反应”会阻碍孩子学习数学。故选D项。
11.A　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Becausepersonresponsespredictpoormathsadjustmentinchildrenovertime,researcherssuggestparentslimitthistypeofresponsesathome.”可知, 研究人员建议家长在家里限制“个人反应”这种类型的反应。故选A项。
12.B　解析 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要内容是说父母对孩子的数学学习做出不同的反应, 会对孩子产生不同的作用;用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子, 可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成绩, 所以建议家长在家里限制这种类型的反应。所以B项“TheWayParentsTalktoChildrenonMathsMatters”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自行车爱好者安德鲁·麦克林登创立麦克林登家族基金会, 为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作适合他们骑行的特殊自行车。
13.B　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theboyhadneverknownthejoyofbikingbecausehesufferedfromhydrocephalus,abuildupofliquidinthebrainthatoftencausesbalancedisturbances”, 第二段中的“McLindonsays,‘I’llneverforgetthesmileontheboy’sface.’”及第三段中的“ThatsmilehascontributedtolaunchingtheMcLindonFamilyFoundation.”可知, 麦克林登看到那些从未体验过骑自行车乐趣的孩子们骑上了自行车, 孩子们脸上的笑容促使他成立基金会。故选B项。
14.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Fundedbydonations,thegroupworkswithpediatricrehabclinicstofindchildrenwhocanbenefitfromowninganadaptivebike—andtohelpcrafteachbiketotheparticularneedsofthespecialchild.Abikemayincludeaheadrest,ashoulderharness,aseatbelt,andacaregiver’ssteeringandbrakingmechanismintheback.”可知, 这种自行车是为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作的适合他们骑行的特殊自行车, 即它们是为残疾儿童设计的。故选D项。
15.C　解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ShespentmostdaysonthecouchwatchingTV.Soonaftershegotherbike,shewastrainingforprofessionalsportstraining.Inamagazineinterview,shesaid, ‘Ialwaysknewtherewasanathleteinme.’”可知, 自行车让这个14岁的女孩知道自己有运动员的潜质, 即她的运动潜力得到了开发。故选C项。
16.B　解析 主旨大意题。通读全文, 文章讲述了自行车爱好者安德鲁·麦克林登创立麦克林登家族基金会, 为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作适合他们骑行的特殊自行车, 从而改变了他们的生活。故B项“Life-alteringcycles(改变一生的自行车)”能概括文章主要内容。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了居住在得克萨斯州MountVernon小镇的人们返璞归真的生活方式。
17.D　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “ButifyoudocomeacrossMountVernon,youmightjustgetanintentiontostay.” 可推知, 作者认为MountVernon 小镇很有吸引力。故选D项。
18.A　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Andlikemany,hevaluesthesimplelifeyoucan’teasilyfindinbigcities.” 可知,TomWilkinson退休后回到故乡, 是因为他喜欢那里简单自然的生活方式。故选A项。
19.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “PreservingandhonouringthepasthasbeenkeytohelpingMountVernonsurvive.” 以及 “Wanderinonanygivendayandyoumightfindabookclubdiscussionoraworksessionforthelocalgenealogygroupamongthetablesofpeoplechattingovercupsofcoffeeandplatesoffood.” 可知,MountVernon小镇的生活保守而和谐。 故选C项。
20.B　解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段中的 “MountVernonhasthekindofbigheartsyoutendtofindinasmalltown.” 及本段的两个例子可知, 本段主要说明了MountVernon小镇有人情味。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。随着城市的飞速发展, 人们接触大自然的机会越来越少。研究发现, 人类的健康和幸福与城市中自然场所息息相关。研究人员正试图创建一种“语言”, 帮助人们更好地与大自然互动。
21.B　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.”以及第二句中的“...butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.”可知, 作者在文章的开头所描述的现象是:在城市里居住的人越来越难以找到相对野生的环境。故选B项。
22.D　解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句和第五段第一句可推知, 研究人员把参与者提交的编码分类, 就是为了从中查找人与自然互动的模式。故选D项。
23.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第五段所举的例子“...theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.”可知, 同样的自然体验可以通过不同的形式获得:周末在公园里徒步走, 工作日则利用午休时间在喷泉旁散步。故选C项。
24.B　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit”可知, 我们需要先保护大自然, 然后才能更好地与大自然互动。故选B项。