(共38张PPT)
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Brian Tracy is a very famous Canadian-born motivational speaker,and it is safe enough to say that he is one of the best ones out there.Brian is excellent in the fields of public speaking,leadership and success psychology.However,it did not begin for Brian like that,as he was the troublemaker of the family.
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Things have definitely changed for him,as he once struggled to pay the utility(公用事业) bills.Brian is the President and CEO of three multi-million dollar companies based in the United States.He is fluent in more than four languages and has one main message for everyone out there,“I believe through learning and the application of what you have learned,you can solve any problem,overcome any barrier and achieve any goal that you set for yourself.”
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Brian Tray was born in Canada in 1944 and raised in the United States. His early childhood was spent in a variety of locations,including Illinois, Wisconsin,Minnesota,and California.His family moved frequently and he was often in a new school.Tracy’s parents’ marriage ended when he was seven years old,and he and his siblings had to live with the two different households. With his father mostly absent,Tracy and his siblings were largely raised by his mother.
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His mother was a hard-working single parent who held down three jobs to support the family.Tracy was often left to his own devices,which included a lot of reading.He read a wide variety of books,including biographies and books on success and personal development.His reading gave him an education that was far beyond his years.He also studied music and played sports.
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Although his childhood was difficult and his circumstances were sometimes difficult,Tracy’s strong spirit and determination eventually led to success.His early childhood experiences helped shape his beliefs and values, and he applied them to his later life and career.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名的演说家布莱恩·特雷西的成长经历。
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1.What did Tracy do frequently before becoming famous
A.He delivered speeches in public.
B.He learnt from excellent leaders.
C.He turned to psychologists for help.
D.He made trouble for his family.
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细节理解题。根据第一段可知,在Tracy成名之前,他是这个家庭的麻烦制造者。
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2.What is the secret of mastering foreign languages according to Tracy
A.Learning in order to practise.
B.Paying attention to pronunciation.
C.Setting a long-term goal.
D.Acquiring adequate vocabulary.
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细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is fluent in more than four languages and has one main message for everyone out there,‘I believe through learning and the application of what you have learned,you can solve any problem,overcome any barrier and achieve any goal that you set for yourself.’”可知,在Tracy看来,通过学习和应用所学知识,可以解决任何问题,克服任何障碍并实现为自己设定的任何目标。
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3.What does the underlined word “siblings” mean in paragraph 3
A.Classmates or friends.
B.Brothers or sisters.
C.Uncles or aunts.
D.Neighbors or relatives.
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词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前半部分“Tracy’s parents’ marriage ended when he was seven years old”及“had to live with the two different households” “With his father mostly absent,Tracy and his siblings were largely raised by his mother.”可知,因为Tracy的父母离异,父亲大部分时间不在家,致使Tracy多数时间是由妈妈抚养,因而他和他的兄弟姐妹就住在母亲的家庭中。所以画线词此处指“兄弟或姐妹”。
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4.What is the most beneficial to Tracy’s development
A.The good education.
B.The wide reading.
C.The mother’s support.
D.The tough childhood.
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细节理解题。根据最后一段的“His early childhood experiences helped shape his beliefs and values,and he applied them to his later life and career.”可知,对Tracy的成长而言,他的早期童年经历帮助塑造了他的信仰和价值观,并将它们应用到他后来的生活和职业生涯中。
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B
Kenya has been at the forefront(前沿) of the global war on plastic since the government banned single-use plastics in protected areas in June 2020. Unfortunately,the preventive measures have barely received attention. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily.However,if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way,the unsightly plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colorful bricks.
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The materials engineer’s seeking to find a practical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017.She quit her job and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard.It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to convince a partner to help build the machinery to make them.But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up.
She says,“I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution. But I was very clear that the solution had to be practical,sustainable,and affordable.The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company produces over 1,500 bricks a day.The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled.
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The collected plastic is mixed with sand,heated at very high temperatures, and compressed(压缩) into bricks that vary in color and thickness.The resulting product is stronger,lighter,and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks.More importantly,it helps repurpose the lowest quality of plastic.“There is that waste they cannot process anymore;they cannot recycle.That is what we get,” Matee says.
Matee is not nearly done.Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings.She says,“The more we recycle the plastic,the more we produce affordable housing,the more we created more employment for the youth.”
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Matee is not nearly done.Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings.She says,“The more we recycle the plastic,the more we produce affordable housing,the more we created more employment for the youth.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了材料工程师Nzambi Matee通过自己的努力,创造性地解决塑料垃圾污染的问题。
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5.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 imply
A.Matee’s method can be effective if adopted.
B.Matee’s idea has been widely accepted.
C.Colorful bricks are in huge demand.
D.Plastic waste hasn’t attracted enough attention.
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词义猜测题。根据画线句子前的However可知,该句话的意思与画线句子前的内容为转折关系,根据画线句子前的“Unfortunately,the preventive measures have barely received attention.Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily.”可知,政府的一些治理塑料污染的预防措施几乎没有取得实质的效果,大量的垃圾仍然被倒进垃圾填埋场,由此可知,画线句子的意思与此相反,应为“如果Matee的方法被采用可能会有效”。
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6.Which of the following can best describe Nzambi Matee
A.Generous and ambitious.
B.Confident and grateful.
C.Creative and resolved.
D.Optimistic and modest.
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推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up.”可知Matee对自己的想法绝不会放弃,说明她很有决心;根据第三段中的“The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”可知,她认为最好的方法是将废物引入建筑空间,这种想法很有创造性。由以上内容可知,Matee是一个有创造性且有决心的人。
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7.What is Nzambi Matee’s ultimate purpose in using a mix of plastic products
A.To build cheaper houses.
B.To support the government.
C.To create job opportunities.
D.To tackle plastic pollution.
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细节理解题。根据第三段“She says,‘I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution...The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled.”可知,将塑料产品的混合物做成铺路砖最终目的是解决塑料污染问题。
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8.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Kenya:Pioneer in Banning Plastic Single-use Plastics
B.Nzambi Matee:Innovator in Solving Plastic Waste
C.Mix of Plastic Products:A New Construction Material
D.Plastic Recycling:A Creative Solution to Pollution
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主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The materials engineer’s seeking to find a practical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017.”可知,材料工程师Nzambi Matee寻求实用的方法来解决塑料垃圾污染问题,以及第三段中的“She says,‘I wanted to use...affordable material to build homes.’”可知,她认为解决问题的方法必须是实用、持续以及可负担的,她提出了将塑料垃圾转换到建筑空间之中的想法,并结合全文可知,标题“Nzambi Matee:解决塑料垃圾污染问题的创新者”符合文章主题。
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Ⅱ.七选五
It’s always exciting to begin a new job.But among the frenzy(激动) of meeting new colleagues,starting new projects,and building new skills,there can be a stressful pressure to succeed.A big part of your success is determined by how quickly you are able to digest lots of information,which can be very hard.
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*Manage yourself
When you notice information overload,don’t ignore it and don’t panic. Say to yourself,“I’m in a new job and there is plenty to learn here.It’s okay to feel this way.” 2 Remember that emotions can help you better understand yourself and your values.
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*Sort your information
3 It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short-term memory, and it mixes together information we may need to use in the future to store in our long-term memory.For the information that’s not needed,our brain acts like a garbage management,recycling,and deleting it.
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Organizations often have digital knowledge management systems to store and take important information.You can do the same to reduce brain burden.I recommend creating a Word document in which you write down information that your brain doesn’t need to remember or store.
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*Reduce task-switching
Multitasking isn’t good for you physically or mentally and is worse for your productivity and cognition(认知). 5 You can go for longer than that,but be sure to take a break.Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking,but you can’t keep working endlessly.
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A.Respond positively
B.Use technology to help
C.That problem is much easier to understand and solve.
D.Here are some methods to deal with the information overload.
E.For greater results,focus on one task for around 25 minutes.
F.Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that “takes in information”.
G.This self-talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle.
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,作者针对新工作带来的过多信息,给出了四点建议。
1.D 设空处上文介绍了新工作所带来的压力和挑战——消化过多的信息;下文作者就如何处理大量信息提出四点建议;D项“Here are some methods to deal with the information overload.”承上启下,符合语境,选项中的“the information overload”指代上文的“lots of information”,“some methods”指下文所给出的具体的解决方法。
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2.G 由小标题“Manage yourself”可知本段的建议是管理好自己;上文“When you notice information overload...It’s okay to feel this way.”介绍了面对大量信息时,如何调整自己的心态和情绪;G项“This self-talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle.”承接上文,说明自我对话所起到的作用。选项中的“This self-talk”指代上文“Say to yourself,‘I’m in a new job and there is plenty to learn here.It’s okay to feel this way.’ ”;下文“Remember that emotions can help you better understand yourself and your values.”阐述了管理好情绪的重要性;由此可知,G项符合本段主旨和语境。
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3.F 由下文“It keeps what it needs more immediately...store in our long-term memory.”可知句中“It”指代设空处所提到的某种存储信息的东西;结合本段最后一句“For the information that’s not needed,our brain acts like a garbage management,recycling,and deleting it.”可知设空处提到是大脑。F项“Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that ‘takes in information’.”符合语境,选项中的“takes in”与下文中的“keeps”和“store”表达的意义一致。
4.B 分析文章结构可知,设空处为此段的小标题;由下文内容可知作者在本段建议运用Word文档来帮大脑减负;B项“Use technology to help”能够概括本段主旨,适合作为小标题。
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5.E 上文“Multitasking isn’t good for you physically or mentally and is worse for your productivity and cognition.”阐述了同时处理多项任务的弊端; E项“For greater results,focus on one task for around 25 minutes.”针对上文所阐述的同时处理多任务的弊端提出了解决方法:专注于一项任务;下文承接E项,就专注于一项活动的时间进一步阐述,指出专注于一项工作时,时间不能太长,要注意休息。故选E项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
To exhibit one’s work at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.would be a high point in any artist’s career;to receive such an honor at the age of fourteen is 1. (true) remarkable.Yet that was the age of the Chinese painter Wang Yani when her paintings 2. (give) their first American showing there in 1989.Hundreds of thousands of visitors came and were fascinated by her pictures of animals,birds,and landscapes.
truly
were given
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If fourteen seems a young age 3. (receive) so much attention,consider this:Yani’s first 4. (exhibit),in her native China,was held when she was four!She has been working hard at her art since the age of two;that was 5. Wang Shiqiang first became aware of his daughter’s interest in painting.Himself 6. well-known artist,he encouraged Yani by providing her with large sheets of paper,ink,and brushes.These are the traditional materials of Chinese painting.He never gave her a lesson 7. discouraged her teachers at school from doing so.He believed such instruction would only limit her imagination and prevent her from expressing her feelings freely.Before long,his belief 8.____________
his daughter’s talent was justified.
to receive
exhibition
when
a
and
in
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As she grew older,her style evolved and subjects changed.By the time she was sixteen,Yani 9. (paint) more than ten thousand pictures. Today,as an adult,she is still painting,10. (express) new ideas in nature and in the changing world around her with the brush and the ink.
had painted
expressing
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国著名画家王亚妮的个人成就以及学习绘画的历程。
1.truly 考查词性转换。句意:在华盛顿特区的史密森学会展出自己的作品将是任何艺术家职业生涯的高点;十四岁就获得这样的荣誉,真是了不起。修饰形容词用副词形式。故填truly。
2.were given 考查动词的时态和语态。这里为从句的谓语动词,根据主句时态可知,从句为一般过去时;主语her paintings为复数,和动词give之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填were given。
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3.to receive 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果14岁就受到如此多的关注让人感觉是个很小的年龄,想想这个:亚妮在她的祖国中国的第一次展览是在她四岁的时候举行的!非谓语动词作后置定语,用动词的不定式形式。故填to receive。
4.exhibition 考查词性转换。根据空前的first可知设空处为名词形式。故填exhibition。
5.when 考查表语从句。句意:她从两岁起就开始努力学习艺术;那时,王世强第一次意识到女儿对绘画的兴趣。这里为表语从句的连接词,表语从句中缺少时间状语,用when。
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6.a 考查冠词。句意:他自己是一位著名的艺术家,他为亚妮提供了大张的纸张、墨水和画笔来鼓励她。修饰名词单数,表示泛指,用不定冠词a。
7.and 考查连词。句意:他从不给她上一节课,也不鼓励学校里的老师这样做。空前“gave her a lesson”和空后“discouraged her teachers at school from doing so”为并列关系。故填and。
8.in 考查介词。句意:不久,他对女儿才华的信任得到了证实。one’s belief in,意为“某人对……的信任”。故填in。
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9.had painted 考查动词的时态。句意:到16岁时,亚妮已经画了一万多幅画。这里为主句谓语动词,根据时间状语从句“By the time she was sixteen”可知,主句时态为过去完成时。故填had painted。
10.expressing 考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,作为一个成年人,她仍然在画画,用画笔和墨水表达她对自然和周围不断变化的世界的新想法。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语she之间为主动关系,用动词的-ing形式。故填expressing。
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Ⅳ.应用文写作
假定你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom对你班开展的课外活动(extracurricular activities)非常感兴趣,希望你介绍这方面的有关情况。请你给他回封邮件,内容包括:
1.课外活动介绍;
2.你最喜欢的活动;
3.喜欢的原因。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在相应位置作答。
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Dear Tom,
This year,our class has organized a variety of extracurricular activities, such as planting trees,learning to cook and visiting local museums.
My favorite activity is to visit the museums.Such kinds of trips have not only helped me better understand the history and geography textbooks,but also improved my research skills,since we were always asked to get prepared by searching online or finding useful information in the library before the field trips.I really hope that you can go on a field trip with us in the future.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua(共32张PPT)
UNIT 2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In a high-tech lab on John’s Hopkins University’s Homewood campus in Maryland,engineers have been building a robot that may be able to stitch(缝针) back together the broken tissues in your stomach and even your brain,no doctor needed.
The robot has a high-tech camera on one arm and a high-tech sewing machine on a second arm.The goal is to develop,in the next several years,a robot that makes the delicate work more consistent.
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The robot,known as Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot,or STAR,which is run by a highly advanced computer program,will advance technology currently in wide use in operating rooms.The robot completes about a stitch a minute, slightly slower than a human surgeon.But the tests so far have shown more consistency than what the humans can achieve.
Long hours of traditional surgery can cause human hands to get tired and tremble,which may cause accidents during an operation.Robert Langer,an engineer,said the robotic arm could change the way surgeries are done.He has helped found dozens of biotech companies including Galen Robotics.The robotic arm being developed by Hopkins engineers is this company’s product.
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Galen CEO Bruce Lichorowic compared the robotic arm to future for surgeons,saying it increases their stability,reduces tiredness and prevents cramps(抽搐) during long surgeries,all of which lead to safer surgeries.
Galen Robotics has its roots in research from John’s Hopkins University, but the company had been based in Silicon Valley until 2019.“The company currently employs about 40 people,about half of whom have advanced degrees from John’s Hopkins,” said Lichorowic,adding that the company plans to grow to 60 positions by the end of the year.
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Galen’s robotic arm is not for sale yet,but Lichorowic said the company expects to submit an application to the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA) later this year.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马里兰州约翰霍普金斯大学霍姆伍德校区的一个高科技实验室里正在研制的智能组织自主机器人(STAR),尽管它的动作比人类外科医生慢,但它可以使手术更顺畅。
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1.What can STAR do
A.Shorten operation time. B.Replace human surgeons.
C.Make operations smooth. D.Advance medical studies.
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细节理解题。根据第三段“The robot,known as Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot,or STAR,which is run by a highly advanced computer program,will advance technology currently in wide use in operating rooms.The robot completes about a stitch a minute,slightly slower than a human surgeon.But the tests so far have shown more consistency than what the humans can achieve.”可知,STAR尽管缝针速度不如人类外科医生,但是缝合动作的连贯性比人类医生好,可以使手术更顺畅。
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2.What does Lichorowic think of STAR
A.Flexible. B.High-cost.
C.Promising. D.Unpredictable.
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推理判断题。根据第五段“Galen CEO Bruce Lichorowic compared the robotic arm to future for surgeons,saying it increases their stability,reduces tiredness and prevents cramps(抽搐) during long surgeries,all of which lead to safer surgeries.”可知,Lichorowic把机械臂比作外科医生的未来,有着诸多的优点,说明他认为这种机械臂是有前途的。故选C项。
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3.What can we know about Galen Robotics
A.It is sponsored by John’s Hopkins University.
B.It still has its base in Silicon Valley now.
C.Its robot arm will be released later this year.
D.It is scheduled to expand within this year.
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细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘The company currently employs about 40 people,about half of whom have advanced degrees from John’s Hopkins,’ said Lichorowic,adding that the company plans to grow to 60 positions by the end of the year.”可知,公司要在年内扩大规模,增加工作岗位。故选D项。
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4.In which column is this text most likely to appear
A.Mind & Brain. B.Health & Technology.
C.Business & Investment. D.Physics & Medicine.
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推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段“In a high-tech lab on John’s Hopkins University’s Homewood campus in Maryland,engineers have been building a robot that may be able to stitch(缝针) back together the broken tissues in your stomach and even your brain,no doctor needed.”可知,本文介绍一个能帮助缝补人体组织的智能组织自主机器人,由此推知,本文最有可能出现“健康与科技(Health & Technology)”专栏。
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B
No one in the US has 3D-printed a two-story house before.But now three companies are working together to print the first large,two-story house in the US.
The house,which is in Houston,Texas,was designed by a company. Another company provided the 3D printer.And a construction company is doing the actual building.Leslie Lok,who designed the house,says there are special challenges involved in printing the two-story house.One of the biggest is the size of the machine needed for the building.The 3D printer in Houston is massive.It weighs over 12 tons.
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Ms.Lok says printing the house will take the massive machine about 330 hours.That’s about eight normal work weeks.But the team isn’t in a rush. Though it’s a two-year project,the actual printing didn’t start until last July.The house is now about halfway finished.
“We are not trying to beat the clock,” says Hikmat Zerbe,who works for the construction company.Instead,they’re using the house as a “big laboratory” to learn more about 3D-printing houses.They want to see how the concrete reacts “under different weather conditions”.
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They also want to figure out how to make 3D-printing faster and cheaper. Mr.Zerbe says that currently,3D-printing a house with concrete costs more than building a house with wood.That’s partly because the technology is new. With time going by,Mr.Zerbe expects the costs of 3D-printed houses to go down.He thinks printers will improve and make it easier to create more houses quickly.3D-printed concrete houses are stronger and hold up better in serious storms than house built with wood.This can save money in the long run.Since the machine is doing the building,fewer workers are needed,which also saves money.
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Besides,with 3D-printing,it’s easy to make each house different from other houses.These kinds of changes can apply to almost any tiling.Hikmat Zerbe says that means in the future,each house could be created specially for its owner.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了目前有三家公司正在合作打印美国第一个两层的大房子,而这有望成为一种趋势。
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5.What is a big problem in printing the two-story house
A.The limited time.
B.The lack of skilled workers.
C.The need for huge 3D printers.
D.The shortage of building materials.
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细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Leslie Lok,who designed the house,says there are special challenges involved in printing the two-story house.One of the biggest is the size of the machine needed for the building.The 3D printer in Houston is massive.It weighs over 12 tons.”可知,最大的问题之一就是需要巨大的打印机。
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6.What is to be studied in the building process
A.How the printed houses stand wear and tear.
B.How 3D-printed houses are made stronger.
C.How workers can print large houses quicker.
D.How concrete changes with the shift of weather.
√
推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,在建房的过程中,他们想研究混凝土在“不同天气条件下”的反应。
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7.What is a disadvantage of the 3D-printed house at present
A.Its cost is higher.
B.It can’t survive the storm.
C.It uses special concrete.
D.It needs experienced workers.
√
细节理解题。根据文章第五段的“They also want to figure out how to make 3D-printing faster and cheaper.Mr.Zerbe says that currently,3D-printing a house with concrete costs more than building a house with wood.”可知,3D房屋的造价成本较高。
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8.How does Mr.Zerbe feel about the future of 3D-printing
A.Negative. B.Unclear.
C.Worried. D.Hopeful.
√
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,Hikmat Zerbe对3D打印的未来抱有希望。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was a graduate student,I felt too busy to exercise.I promised myself I’d do it once I 1 school.I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor.However,I 2 my willpower.
When I started my first job at Williams College,I 3 did exercise regularly.It turned out that I was in a(n) 4 that offered excellent support for what I 5 to do.
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Research shows that our 6 are influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or difficult.Even the smallest difference can have an outsized 7 .In one study,researchers 8 items from the front to the back of a salad bar—a change of just 10 inches—and the 9 inconvenience made people eat less of these items.
My plan to exercise benefited from Williamstown’s long winter.People figured the best way through it was to get 10 happily and enjoy it.I kept meeting people who were 11 joggers.When I started,they were quick to offer social 12 .With so many runners in town,it was easy to find trails(小径),including those 13 for beginners.
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Do 14 your environment to make challenging tasks easier.If you want to socialize,befriend outgoing persons.Or 15 your cell phone when you need to concentrate on study.The right surroundings are more powerful than willpower alone.
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1.A.attended B.finished
C.started D.quitted
2.A.believed in B.insisted on
C.relied on D.gave in
3.A.unwillingly B.virtually
C.actually D.barely
4.A.occupation B.situation
C.position D.environment
5.A.hoped B.insisted
C.hesitated D.managed
6.A.experiences B.choices
C.insights D.emotions
7.A.advantage B.reward
C.effect D.risk
8.A.examined B.connected
C.counted D.moved
9.A.obvious B.major
C.unique D.slight
10.A.aboard B.outdoors
C.home D.inside
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11.A.enthusiastic B.sensitive
C.independent D.ambitious
12.A.resources B.activities
C.support D.service
13.A.instructive B.strange
C.tough D.appropriate
14.A.change B.protect
C.ignore D.accept
15.A.answer B.silence
C.keep D.ring
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者结合自己锻炼的经历告诉我们环境会让我们的选择变得容易或困难。
1.B 根据上文“When I was a graduate student,I felt too busy to exercise.”推知,作者向自己承诺,一毕业有了时间就参加锻炼。
2.A 由上文“I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor.”和本句However可知,此处表相信自己的毅力。
3.C 根据上文“I promised myself I’d do it once I school.”推知,作者从事第一份工作时开始定期锻炼,用“事实上”符合语境。
4.D 根据下文“are influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or difficult”和“Do your environment to make challenging tasks easier.”可知,所处的环境会给我们带来一定的影响。
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5.A 根据上文“I promised myself I’d do it once I school.”可知,此处是指希望做的事情。
6.B 结合上文提到作者上学时很少锻炼,从事第一份工作后经常锻炼可知,作者认为人们的选择受到环境的影响。
7.C 根据“the smallest difference”和下文稍微移动沙拉柜台上食物的研究可知,此处是指小的差异有时甚至会产生巨大的影响。
8.D 根据“from the front to the back of a salad bar”可知,研究人员移动了沙拉柜台上的食物。
9.D 根据“a change of just 10 inches”可知,食物只移动了一点,因此只造成了稍微的不便。
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10.B 根据下文“With so many runners in town,it was easy to find trails(小径)”可知,人们认为度过冬天的最好办法就是去户外。
11.A 根据下文“they were quick to offer social ”推知,作者遇到的慢跑者都是热情的。
12.C 根据上文“My plan to exercise benefited from Williamstown’s long winter.”推知,慢跑者给作者提供了社会支持。
13.D 根据“it was easy to find trails”推知,有很多路线,因此也包括适合初跑者的路线。
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14.A 根据下文“The right surroundings are more powerful than willpower alone.”并结合作者的经历推知,改变环境会让具有挑战性的工作变得容易。
15.B 根据“when you need to concentrate on study”可知,需要专注学习时,就把手机调成静音。
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Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Oh no.Coach Cafferty just called my name for that event.The two-hundred-metre breaststroke(蛙泳) for the coming meet!Not the backstroke(仰泳) I had wished and practiced for so long!
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Beads of sweat popped out over my upper lip.Morgan pressed her elbow into my side,trying to offer me moral support.But it didn’t help.My stomach sank to my knees like a brick in water.Morgan tried to convince me it would be fine.“Maybe Coach has more confidence in you than you think.”“Or maybe Coach Cafferty just want to give the rest a laugh when I sink to the bottom of the pool,” I thought desperately.I walked towards Coach Cafferty and told her about my inability and my desire to quit this event.She frowned and asked if it was what I really wanted.
I hesitated.Placing her hand on my shoulder,she started smiling and encouraged me to push myself outside of my comfort zone.
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The first practice was a disaster.I lost rhythm on my strokes.I messed up my turns.I even had to stop and catch my breath a few times.I felt everyone was laughing at me and my stomach twisted.How could I make it within just two weeks But once I dragged myself out of the water,exhausted and frustrated,Coach Cafferty thumbed up to me,saying I did really well and just needed more confidence in myself and more time to practice.
On the way back home,Morgan comforted me,“Dear,just ignore others. Race against yourself.Count your own strokes.Prove to yourself that you can do it.” With these words said to me almost every day,before or after each practice,something gradually changed:both how I swam the breaststroke and how I felt about the event as well as myself.
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The meet finally came.I arrived at the pool hall,still a little bit worried.As each event clicked closer to mine,my knees shook.I bit my lip and looked out over the other swimmers.Morgan leaned forward.“Just swim your race. Remember,you can!”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150个左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
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Then the two-hundred-milestone breaststroke was announced._________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There was only 50 meters to go._________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Then the two-hundred-milestone breaststroke was announced.I could feel my heart was beating faster and faster.As the signal was released,I jumped into the water and swam with my whole strength.Without second thoughts in my mind,I was absorbed in this as if this was the only thing I need to do in the world.Morgan’s encouraging words appeared and I started to believe in myself.
There was only 50 meters to go.I seemed almost to be reaching my limit.I even could feel a cramp in my calf.Although there was the mental and physical discomfort,I was determined to finish the race.I didn’t want to let my coach and Morgan down.Finally,I came to the finish line.I felt both tired and a sense of achievement.To my surprise,I won second prize.(共34张PPT)
UNIT 3 FASCINATING PARKS
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
My son’s seventh birthday is approaching,so conversation at my house has naturally turned to organizing his party.
For his sixth birthday,we booked the local trampoline(蹦床) park.This worked out well.But the whole event cost us hundreds of pounds.This year,I’m trying to convince him that the dinosaur-themed park down the road offers just as much fun—and you don’t even need to wear special socks!This will be cheaper,because we aren’t required to hire a space—we can simply buy tickets for his mates.
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But I still keep pondering over one thing—party bags.Why should a bunch of seven-year-olds,who have already been treated to a day out and a mountain of sugar,also be handed a bag full of pound-shop gifts for simply bothering to show up
Party bags are an environmental disaster.I reckon my son attends 20 parties per year,and at each party there are 20 kids in attendance,which means 400 plastic bags in total.Within these 400 bags are perhaps 800 plastic toys, almost all of which fall apart on the way home and then get binned instantly. The waste is shocking,and I don’t want to be part of it.
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I know there are some party bag alternatives:one couple I know covered a table with Mr.Men books and got the kids to choose one each.At another party, I saw the hosts fill a bucket with soft toys and crumpled newspaper,and do a lucky dip(抽奖).Admirable efforts.
Even if that is a nice try,and even if the contents in the party bags don’t fall apart,so what Will our guests think more highly of our child because of the party bags from our party Will my child’s ability to make and keep friends be improved
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Well,the tradition for kids’ party bags ends with me,and it ends here,and it ends now.Who’s with me
【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者儿子的七岁生日快到了,作者打算今年在路边的恐龙主题公园为儿子过生日,因为这会节省很多钱,同时作者认为由主人给参加聚会的孩子准备派对包是一种浪费,作者坚决抵制。
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1.Why does the author recommend the dinosaur-themed park
A.Because it’s more enjoyable.
B.Because it provides socks.
C.Because it can reduce cost.
D.Because it offers free tickets.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the whole event cost us hundreds of pounds....This will be cheaper,because we aren’t required to hire a space—we can simply buy tickets for his mates.”可知,作者推荐恐龙主题公园的原因是它花费少,可以降低成本。
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2.What may be put in party bags
A.Gifts brought by guests.
B.Gifts prepared by hosts.
C.Gifts distributed by parks.
D.Gifts donated by charities.
√
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推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Why should a bunch of seven-year-olds,who have already been treated to a day out and a mountain of sugar,also be handed a bag full of pound-shop gifts for simply bothering to show up ”和第四段中的“I reckon my son attends 20 parties per year,and at each party there are 20 kids in attendance,which means 400 plastic bags in total.”和第五段中的“I know there are some party bag alternatives:one couple I know covered a table with Mr Men books and got the kids to choose one each.”可知,派对包里装有主人准备的礼物。
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3.What is the author’s attitude towards party bags
A.Intolerant. B.Objective.
C.Favorable. D.Indifferent.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Well,the tradition for kids’ party bags ends with me,and it ends here,and it ends now.Who’s with me ”可推知,作者不能忍受派对包,故选A项。
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4.What do the underlined words “get binned” mean in paragraph 4
A.Be recycled. B.Be repaired.
C.Be thrown away. D.Be given away.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子“Within these 400 bags are perhaps 800 plastic toys,almost all of which fall apart on the way home and then get binned instantly.”和画线短语下文“The waste is shocking,and I don’t want to be part of it.”可知,作者说派对包会被浪费掉,这说明派对包里的玩具在回家的路上几乎都会散架,然后被扔掉,由此可推知,画线短语“get binned”意为“被扔掉”。
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B
Recently,there was a slight growth in the travel industry in the UK after lockdowns.“I think what a pandemic(流行病) has done,” said the boss of a travel company,“is remind people what it’s like when you don’t travel.” Travel is never out of the top three desire purchases.People will give up a kitchen,sofa and the supermarket shopping,to protect the holiday.
Protecting the holiday at all costs makes total sense to me.Holidays are not a luxury,but one of those essential things in life that allow us to get through hard times.The thought of a holiday promotes a sense of well-being,of calm,of balance.
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Holidays do not have to be expensive,or to places far away.Obviously,two weeks in the Maldives is the dream,but others can count as a holiday.For me,a holiday needs only a few things:a drawer to put my phone in,a couple of good books,and a chance to hang out with my family.
In my twenties,when I was almost constantly in a state of anxiety,I never went on holiday.I was scared of flying,scared of my boss noticing how much nicer life was without me in the office.I thought not going on holiday made me a harder worker,when actually it just made me a more tired one.Then,a boss pulled me aside to tell me that he wasn’t going to thank me for not taking my holidays.I then booked a cheap beach holiday with a friend,and was genuinely amazed to find I felt much better for it.
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So now,I make sure I always have a holiday booked—even if it is just a weekend staying with my sister.A change is as beneficial as a rest,said Winston Churchill—both at the same time is,in my view,even better.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者对于度假的看法,作者曾经也不想度假,但是后来的经历改变了作者的看法。
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5.What did people realize after lockdowns according to paragraph 1
A.The importance of travelling.
B.The harm from the pandemic.
C.The need for more online purchases.
D.The difficulty with holiday protection.
√
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Recently,there was a slight growth in the travel industry in the UK after lockdowns.‘I think what a pandemic(流行病) has done,’ said the boss of a travel company,‘is remind people what it’s like when you don’t travel.’”可知,人们在疫情封锁后最终意识到了旅游的重要性。
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6.Which of the following illustrates the author’s basic criteria for a holiday
A.A warm climate and beaches.
B.Some quality time with family.
C.Some adventurous travel plans.
D.A five-star hotel and fine dining.
√
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“For me,a holiday needs only a few things:a drawer to put my phone in,a couple of good books,and a chance to hang out with my family.”可知,作者认为假期只需要有和家人一起的机会就可以。
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7.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The benefit the author obtained from travelling.
B.The source of the author’s stress during office hours.
C.The change of the author’s attitude to taking holidays.
D.The reason why the author tried to be a harder worker.
√
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段中的“In my twenties,when I was almost constantly in a state of anxiety,I never went on holiday.”和“I then booked a cheap beach holiday with a friend,and was genuinely amazed to find I felt much better for it.”可知,第四段主要讲述了作者对于度假态度的改变。故选C项。
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8.What is the function of the quote in the last paragraph
A.To explain a fact.
B.To provide a detail.
C.To support a point.
D.To offer a suggestion.
√
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,作者引用丘吉尔的话是为了支持自己的观点,也就是——改变和休息同时进行会更好。
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Ⅱ.七选五
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever,why not book your next domestic vacation on a train Compared to other alternatives,it’s comfortable and relaxing.Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains,especially the sleeping car accommodations,sell out very quickly. 1 But no matter when you travel,it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
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Use a travel agent.Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details,make suggestions,and then handle the actual reservations.A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 2 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket.When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket for free even if your trip is an overnight one. 3 In the summer in particular,the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
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Arrive early.Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week,so missing yours can be a disaster. 4 Note:The times listed on the schedules are departure times,not arrival times.
Have fun. 5 Read a book,knit,do a crossword puzzle,or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.To calculate your speed as you do,divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour) by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile,you’re going 67.92 mph.
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A.Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B.You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C.That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
D.The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
E.Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
F.He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
G.You might have to wait longer than twenty-four hours to catch the next one.
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
1.C 根据上文“Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains,especially the sleeping car accommodations,sell out very quickly.”以及下文“But no matter when you travel,it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.”可知,大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被订完,所以要提前安排预订。C项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境,C项中“busy summer months”与上下文呼应,说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选C项。
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2.F 根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.”可知,好的旅行社帮你预订,不仅可以找到打折的票,还可以节省从卧铺走到餐车的时间。F项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与上下文对应,因此推断F项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。
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3.D 根据上文“When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket for free even if your trip is an overnight one.”以及下文“In the summer in particular,the air conditioning can make them quite cold.”可知,这里提到了车厢内温度的问题,提醒乘客最好自备毛毯。D项中“The temperature on rail cars”与上下文对应,因此推断D项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。
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4.G 根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week,so missing yours can be a disaster.”以及下文“Note:The times listed on the schedules are departure times,not arrival times.”可知,本段提醒要提前安排时间,错过发车时间是很麻烦的事情。G项中“You might have to wait longer”与上下文对应,说明错过火车导致的结果,因此推断G项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。
5.A 根据上文“Have fun.”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”可知,本段讲述如何度过乘车时间。A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与下文要计算时间,用不同的方式打发时间对应,符合语境。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
One of the great delights of Xi’an is to explore its nightlife and entertainment.It gives the visitor a 1. (memory) experience of life in the city both as it was long ago and as it is today.
memorable
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A good place to start is the Bell Tower as it stands in the historical center of the city 2. is near the booming modern commercial district. Throughout the night,both the Bell Tower and Drum Tower are well-lighted,
3. (provide) a striking setting for traditional Chinese restaurants and bright modern shopping malls 4. with a mix of color and movement,the neon lights together with the street lighting present a vivid magical picture.As the bell 5. (ring) in the Bell Tower,you can imagine yourself standing in the city as 6. was centuries ago.
and
providing
where
rings
it
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If you want to enjoy a more traditional Chinese evening,then the Tang Dynasty Dinner Show is 7. must,and its music and dance
8. (symbol) the glory of Chinese civilization.Moreover,in the Tang Dynasty Theatre Restaurant,you will enjoy music 9. (play) on ancient Chinese instruments such as the pipa and sheng.The musicians also play the more easily recognized western style instruments,of course.
10. (complete) your Tang Dynasty experience,don’t forget to enjoy a Dumpling Dinner!
a
symbolize
played
To complete
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。西安最大的乐趣之一是探索其夜生活和娱乐。它会给游客带来一次难忘的城市生活体验,无论是很久以前还是今天。
1.memorable 考查词性转换。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作定语修饰名词experience,使用形容词,故填memorable。
2.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知上文“it stands in the historical center of the city”以及下文“is near the booming modern commercial district”是两个并列的句子,第二个句子省略了主语,故应使用并列连词,故填and。
3.providing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作状语,与逻辑主语both the Bell Tower and Drum Tower构成主动关系,应使用现在分词,故填providing。
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4.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构,这是一个包含定语从句的复合句,先行词为shopping malls,因空白处在定语从句中作状语表示地点,故填where。
5.rings 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作谓语,因句子表达的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时,因主语为单数第三人称,谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式,故填rings。
6.it 考查代词。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作主语,代替上文提到的名词Bell Tower,根据代词的用法,当同一个单数名词再次在文中出现时,使用it代替,故填it。
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7.a 考查冠词。根据名词的用法,名词前需使用不定冠词,表示“一种”含义,此处must在句子中作表语,为名词,表示“一件必不可少的事”,与句子表达的含义一致,故填a。
8.symbolize 考查时态。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作谓语,应使用动词,因句子表达的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时,主语为 its music and dance,谓语用原形。故填symbolize。
9.played 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作定语修饰music,应使用非谓语动词,因与其逻辑主语music之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,使用过去分词,故填played。
10.To complete 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作状语表示目的,应使用动词不定式,句首单词首字母大写。故填To complete。
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Ⅳ.应用文写作
五一劳动节期间,你校英文报发起“劳动最光荣”主题征文活动,请你结合自身经历写一篇稿件参赛,内容包括:
1.劳动经历;
2.你的感受。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.短文的题目和首句已为你写好;
3.请在相应位置作答。
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Labor:Learning and Growing Up
During the Labor Day holiday,one of my own experiences came into my mind.__________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Labor:Learning and Growing Up
During the Labor Day holiday,one of my own experiences came into my mind.Last summer vacation,I worked as a waiter in a restaurant.At first,it was challenging to keep up with the fast pace there.I had to remember the menu, take orders,serve dishes,and clean tables.My feet and back ached after a long day of work.But I adapted and learned to communicate with customers and manage it efficiently.
Through this experience,I realized not only is labor a means of making a living,but a way of learning skills,growing up,and acquiring values.So we should respect and appreciate all the workers contributing to our society.(共33张PPT)
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
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A
Most of us take the task of buying a cup of coffee for granted,as it seems simple enough.However,we have no idea just how stressful tasks like this can be for people who suffer from disabilities.That’s why it’s so heart-warming to see a story like this in which a barista(咖啡师) does something small to make life a little easier for someone who is deaf.
Ibby Piracha lost his hearing when he was only two years old,and he now goes to his local cafe in Leesburg,Virginia to order a cup of coffee at least three times a week.Though all the baristas who work there have his order memorized,Ibby always writes his order on his phone and shows it to the barista.
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One day,however,one of the baristas did something that changed everything!After Ibby ordered his coffee,he was amazed when barista Krystal handed him a note in response.“I’ve been learning sign language just so you can have the same experience as everyone else,” the note read.Krystal then asked Ibby in sign language what he would like to order.
Ibby was touched that she would learn sign language just to help him feel welcome.“I was just so moved that she actually wanted to learn sign language. It is really a totally different language and it was something that she wanted to do because of me.Because I was a deaf customer.I was very,very impressed,” Ibby said.
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Krystal had spent hours watching teaching videos so that she could learn enough sign language to give Ibby the best customer service that she could! “My job is to make sure people have the experience they expect and that’s what I gave him,” Krystal says.
Ibby posted a photo of Krystal’s note online,and it quickly went viral, getting hundreds of likes and comments that praised Krystal for her kind action.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Ibby的故事,Ibby是个聋哑人,他在买咖啡的时候遇到了一位服务员Krystal,Krystal告诉他,她正在学习手语,希望能够让Ibby拥有和其他人同样的购物体验。
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1.What can we learn about Ibby Piracha from paragraph 2
A.He was born deaf.
B.He lives a hard life.
C.He loves to order take-out food.
D.He visits the cafe regularly.
√
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Ibby Piracha lost his hearing when he was only two years old,and he now goes to his local cafe in Leesburg,Virginia to order a cup of coffee at least three times a week.”可知,Ibby Piracha经常去一家咖啡馆。
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2.Why did Krystal learn sign language
A.To serve Ibby better.
B.To attract more customers.
C.To give Ibby a big surprise.
D.To make herself more popular.
√
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“After Ibby ordered his coffee,he was amazed when barista Krystal handed him a note in response.‘I’ve been learning sign language just so you can have the same experience as everyone else,’ the note read.Krystal then asked Ibby in sign language what he would like to order.”可知,Krystal学习手语是为了更好地为Ibby服务,让他能和其他人有同样的体验。
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3.Which of the following can best describe Krystal
A.Kind and considerate.
B.Honest and responsible.
C.Sociable and humorous.
D.Ambitious and sensitive.
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推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“After Ibby ordered his coffee,he was amazed when barista Krystal handed him a note in response.‘I’ve been learning sign language just so you can have the same experience as everyone else,’the note read.Krystal then asked Ibby in sign language what he would like to order.”以及最后一段“Ibby posted a photo of Krystal’s note online,and it quickly went viral,getting hundreds of likes and comments that praised Krystal for her kind action.”可知,Krystal之所以学习手语,是为了让Ibby能和其他人有同样的体验,而人们也为她的善举点赞。所以可推测Krystal是个心地善良而又善解人意的人。
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4.What message does the author want to convey in the text
A.Two heads are better than one.
B.A small act makes a difference.
C.One good turn deserves another.
D.Actions speak louder than words.
√
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“That’s why it’s so heart-warming to see a story like this in which a barista(咖啡师) does something small to make life a little easier for someone who is deaf.”以及文章第四段可知,文章主要想表达的是一个小举动却让Ibby印象深刻,并让他心里充满温暖。
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B
Artificial intelligence helps teachers identify which of their students have learning difficulties,according to a new study.
Teachers make more accurate assessments of learning difficulties among their students if they are given AI-generated feedback(反馈) rather than an “expert solution” written by a qualified professional.Researchers believe that because AI analyzed the teacher’s own work,it’s easier for the teacher to understand than a “model answer” prepared beforehand.
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“Teachers play a critical role in recognizing the signs of disorders and learning difficulties in pupils and referring them to specialists,” said Riikka Hofmann.“Unfortunately,many of them feel that they have not had sufficient opportunity to practice these skills.AI could provide an extra level of individualized feedback to help them develop these essential competences.”
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Trainee teachers were asked to assess fictionalized students for potential learning difficulties,based on evidence including examples of their work, school behavior records and written texts of conversations with parents.Half of the trainees received the “expert solution”,typical of the material given to trainee teachers,while the other half received AI-generated feedback on their approach,highlighting where they could improve.The trainees then completed similar follow-up assessments,and were graded both on the accuracy of their diagnoses(诊断) and on how well they had used the evidence.Trainees who received the AI feedback scored significantly higher than those who worked with the pre-written expert solutions.
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While the researchers said this does not mean AI is preferable to one-to-one feedback from a skilled expert,this is not always available for trainee teachers.“We are not arguing that AI should replace teacher-educators:new teachers still need expert guidance on how to recognize learning difficulties in the first place,” said Dr Michael Sailer.“It does seem,however,that AI-generated feedback helped these trainees to focus on what they really needed to learn.When personal feedback is not readily available,it could be an effective substitute(代替物).”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能可以帮助老师对学生的学习困难等问题有更好的了解。
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5.What does the underlined word “them” refer to
A.Pupils. B.Teachers.
C.Specialists. D.Researchers.
√
词义猜测题。 根据第三段的“Teachers play a critical role in recognizing the signs of disorders and learning difficulties in pupils and referring them to specialists”可知,them指的是老师。
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6.What did AI help trainee teachers know in the study
A.How well they had used the evidence.
B.Whether the expert solution was accurate.
C.Where their approach needs improvement.
D.What follow-up assessments they completed.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Half of the trainees received the ‘expert solution’,typical of the material given to trainee teachers,while the other half received AI-generated feedback on their approach,highlighting where they could improve.”可知,人工智能在研究中帮助实习教师了解他们的方法需要改进的地方。
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7.What does Dr Michael think of AI
A.It will take the place of skilled experts.
B.It acts as an expert guide to trainee teachers.
C.It is only suitable for new teachers to use.
D.It can be a useful teaching training aid.
√
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推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘We are not arguing that AI should replace teacher-educators:new teachers still need expert guidance on how to recognize learning difficulties in the first place,’ said Dr Michael Sailer.‘It does seem, however,that AI-generated feedback helped these trainees to focus on what they really needed to learn.When personal feedback is not readily available,it could be an effective substitute (代替物).’”可知,人工智能对于老师来说是一个有用的教学培训辅助。
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8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.AI locates learning difficulties for the students
B.AI becomes an effective teaching tool in school
C.AI helps teachers spot students with learning difficulties
D.AI trains teachers in judging the learning of the students
√
主旨大意题。根据第一段以及全文大意可知,文章主要讲人工智能可以让老师对学生的学习困难等问题有更好的了解,C项“人工智能帮助教师发现有学习困难的学生”符合文意。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
Residents of a Wiltshire town have created a vertical living garden to fight pollution.The wall of plants has been 1 to the side of a shop in Bridge Yard in the center of Bradford-on-Avon.
Stephanie Edwards 2 the idea and brought it to the town council to put into 3 .“As a matter of fact,the plants have 4 with them insects,and we’ve had a couple of birds sitting up there so it’s 5 for sure and we must not forget the 6 of health and well-being,”she said.
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The wall had been in the 7 since 2019 and took about five days to construct.The wall is 8 seasonal plants,low energy LED lighting, birdhouses and bug hotels.
Alex Kay said the living wall had a number of beneficial 9 .“I don’t think that anyone will guarantee that this will solve our air quality situation,but it will 10 it,” she said.“It’s not just the traffic and the 11 quality,but this is about well-being.This is good for the 12 .”
James Sullivan-Tail,who owns the nearby Swan Hotel,said he was really 13 with the wall.“I think it’s 14 a cleaner town,a nicer town,but also something 15 that is going to attract visitors as well,”he added.
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1.A.limited B.moved
C.attached D.pulled
2.A.explained B.formed
C.tested D.predicted
3.A.action B.trouble
C.shape D.production
4.A.filled B.shared
C.brought D.kept
5.A.changing B.growing
C.marketing D.working
6.A.benefits B.causes
C.meanings D.results
7.A.waiting B.planning
C.painting D.destroying
8.A.connected to B.mixed with
C.made up of D.broken up into
9.A.aspects B.profits
C.views D.examples
10.A.make B.help
C.Leave D.find
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11.A.life B.soil
C.water D.air
12.A.business B.agriculture
C.technology D.communication
13.A.familiar B.careful
C.patient D.pleased
14.A.designing B.creating
C.describing D.copying
15.A.abnormal B.strange
C.unique D.common
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。叙述了Wiltshire town 用贴植物墙的方法来保护环境和促进居民身心健康。
1.C 根据上文“Residents of a Wiltshire town have created a vertical living garden to fight pollution.”和下文“to the side of a shop in Bridge Yard in the center of Bradford-on-Avon”可知,植物墙被贴到(attached)商店的一边来保护环境。
2.B 根据“the idea and brought it to the town council to put into ”可以得知,Stephanie Edwards 想到了(formed)这个主意。
3.A 根据上文“The wall of plants has been to the side of a shop in Bridge Yard in the center of Bradford-on-Avon.”所示,Stephanie Edwards 想到了这个主意,并将这个主意带到议会付诸实施(put into action)。
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4.C 根据常识可知,事实上,植物本身会带来(brought)很多昆虫。
5.D 根据上文“we’ve had a couple of birds sitting up there”可知,还有很多鸟儿会在这里停歇,所以对于环境一定会起作用(working)。
6.A 根据上文“As a matter of fact,the plants have with them insects,and we’ve had a couple of birds sitting up there”可知,尽管带来昆虫,但是植物的确是起作用的,因此,我们不要忘记它对于身心健康带来的益处(benefits)。
7.B 根据下文“took about five days to construct”可知,植物墙自从 2019 年以来就在计划之中(in the planning)。
8.C 根据下文“seasonal plants,low energy LED lighting,birdhouses and bug hotels”可知,这面墙由季节性植物、节能 LED 灯等组成(be made up of)。
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9.A 根据上文“we must not forget the of health and well-being”提示,植物墙除了给居民身心健康带来益处,它也会带来很多有益的方面(aspects)。
10.B 根据上文“I don’t think that anyone will guarantee that this will solve our air quality situation”可知,植物墙不会完全解决空气质量问题,但至少能够帮助(help)改善空气质量。
11.D 根据上文可以得知,植物墙不仅能够改善空气质量,而且对于身体健康也很有帮助。
12.A 根据上文“The wall of plants has been to the side of a shop”可知,此处说的是,植物墙对于商店的生意也有好处。
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13.D 从下文“cleaner” “nicer”可以看出,旅馆老板对植物墙带来的好处也很满意(pleased)。
14.B 根据上文“Residents of a Wiltshire town have created a vertical living garden to fight pollution.”可知,旅馆老板认为植物墙正在创造一个更干净和更美好的城镇,其余各项逻辑意义不符。
15.C 根据上文“As a matter of fact,the plants have with them insects, and we’ve had a couple of birds sitting up there so it’s for sure and we must not forget the of health and well-being”可知,植物墙正在创造一个更干净和更美好的城镇,它也创造了独特的(unique)东西来吸引游客。
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Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Twins Katie and Sarah Monahan arrived at Pennsylvania’s Gettysburg College.They are determined to strike out on independent paths.Although the 18-year-old sisters had requested rooms in different dormitories,the housing office placed them on the eighth floor of the same building,across the hall from each other.
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Katie was a very lovely and kind-hearted girl.She always did her best to prevent others from any problem.Once the dormitory was out of electricity and her roommate,Windy was studying in the classroom only leaving Katie alone in the dormitory at that time.Katie had just finished her favourite horrible American TV series.She felt very scared.But she didn’t want to disturb Windy, so she just stayed in the dark dormitory alone till Windy got back to the dormitory.Windy was a nice girl,too.She gave Katie a lot of comfort and care. She would like to make Katie relax after stressful study.She often shared her happiness with Katie.They lived a very happy life together.
While Katie got along with her roommate,Sarah was having difficulty in dealing with the relationship with her roommate.
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Sarah liked quiet,while her roommate,Lily spent two hours a day practising the guitar,or turned up her sound system to the point where the whole room vibrated(颤动).Sarah was always cold,but Lily never wanted to turn on the heat,even though it was snowing heavily outside.Sarah liked wearing fur in winter and she also enjoyed cutting up frogs in biology class. But Lily is an vegetarian(素食主义者) and believed all living things are holy(神圣的),even ants and mosquitoes.She and her roommate silently warred over matters ranging from when the lights should be turned off to how the furniture should be arranged.Finally,they gave up communicating.
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One day,there was a dormitory contest,which needed roommates to join hands to decorate their dormitory.Sarah wanted to win in the contest but she thought it was impossible for her to finish it because she didn’t talk with Lily.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150个左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
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Depressed and hopeless,Sarah ran across the hall to seek help from Katie.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing what Katie said,both Sarah and Lily lowered their heads.______
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Depressed and hopeless,Sarah ran across the hall to seek help from Katie. After knowing what happened to Sarah,Katie felt sorry.She went to Sarah’s dormitory and had a long conversation with Sarah and Lily.Katie shared her experience in getting on well with her roommate.She said that each person had his or her own character.In order to get along with roommates,it is important to respect roommates’ diet and lifestyle.Besides,we should be tolerant if roommates hurt us,for everyone might make mistakes.
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Hearing what Katie said,both Sarah and Lily lowered their heads.They apologized to each other and promised that they would think about the feelings of others from then on.Lily decided to join hands with Sarah to decorate the dormitory for the coming contest.They shared their opinions on how to design the room and they cooperated happily with each other to clean up the room. Finally their dormitory became bright and beautiful.As expected,they won first prize in the contest.From this experience,both of them learned that tolerance and cooperation are the secrets to a harmonious and successful life.(共36张PPT)
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Recently,a big change quietly took place in agriculture.Yet neither drought nor frost is ever a concern for growers of plants currently grown inside large greenhouses.Vegetables are increasingly being grown indoors, using an advanced form of growing called controlled environment agriculture, a method that has the potential to help feed the planet,even while it threatens to further warm it.
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Controlled environment agriculture has many advantages.Crops are not subject to unexpected extreme weather.Furthermore,these greenhouses can produce more food with fewer pesticides and less water.With computer-controlled temperatures and nutrients,the plants grow with less water and produce much higher yields.Above all,the produce can be bred for flavor, instead of for tolerance to heat,rain and long-distance transport.
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The carbon footprint of any given greenhouse tomato can vary quite a bit depending on energy sources,surrounding temperatures and natural light.But various studies have estimated that,on average,the production of a pound of tomatoes in an American or Northern European greenhouse releases 3 to 3.5 pounds of carbon into the atmosphere.That is about 6 times the carbon footprint of a field tomato,even taking into account the emissions from refrigerated trucks that often transport field vegetables hundreds or even thousands of miles to reach consumers.Greenhouses,by contrast,can be built near major population centers.
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Nevertheless,in a rapidly warming world,should we be increasing agriculture’s contribution by moving some of it indoors “We have little choice,” say advocates.“With the global population expected to grow by 25 percent to nearly 10 billion people by 2050,food production will need to increase by 60 percent to 100 percent.With freshwater supplies and land suitable for farming decreasing,and droughts getting worse due to climate change,where will this additional food come from ”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的农业种植方式——控制环境农业方式,该方法有可能帮助养活地球上的人们,尽管它可能会进一步使地球变暖。
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1.What does the underlined part “a big change” in paragraph 1 refer to
A.The rapid increase of population.
B.The threatens of warming the planet.
C.The way to deal with natural disasters.
D.The tendency to grow vegetables indoors.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词组下文“Yet neither drought nor frost is ever a concern for growers of plants currently grown inside large greenhouses. Vegetables are increasingly being grown indoors,using an advanced form of growing called controlled environment agriculture,a method that has the potential to help feed the planet,even while it threatens to further warm it.”可知,作者所谓的农业发生了重大变化,指的是越来越多的人在室内种植蔬菜。
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2.What does controlled environment agriculture mainly focus on
A.Making crops taste good.
B.Planting crops with less water.
C.Growing crops in extreme weather.
D.Transporting crops from a long distance.
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细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Above all,the produce can be bred for flavor,instead of for tolerance to heat,rain and long-distance transport.”可知,这种种植方式的重点是为了农产品的风味,也就是为了让这些农产品尝起来更好。
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3.What do we know about American greenhouse tomatoes
A.They are not high-yielding crops.
B.They are not really environmentally friendly.
C.They are grown far from population centers.
D.They are mainly exported to Northern Europe.
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推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“But various studies have estimated that,on average,the production of a pound of tomatoes in an American or Northern European greenhouse releases 3 to 3.5 pounds of carbon into the atmosphere.That is about 6 times the carbon footprint of a field tomato,even taking into account the emissions from refrigerated trucks that often transport field vegetables hundreds or even thousands of miles to reach consumers.”可知,在美国温室培育西红柿所排放的碳要远比在田间培育西红柿多得多,也就是说它们根本不环保。
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4.Which of the following statements may the advocates agree with
A.Greenhouse planting is a necessary temporizing measure.
B.Greenhouse planting is tailored for small-population nations.
C.Greenhouse planting can help spread the idea of healthy eating.
D.Greenhouse planting should be stopped from warming the world.
√
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,支持这种种植方式的人认为,即便这种种植方式会排放温室气体,但是为了地球上的人们,这种种植方式是必要的权宜之计。故选A项。
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B
Civilization began with agriculture,and though humanity has changed significantly,agriculture remains very important.In certain countries,its significance is more apparent,but the reality is that every country in the world depends on agriculture for one thing or another.
It provides employment.Whether it’s working as a farmer,a harvester,a technician for farm equipment or a scientist,there are plenty of jobs available in this field.In developing countries,agricultural jobs help reduce high rates of unemployment.
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It’s crucial to a country’s development.Economic development is tied to a country’s agricultural sector.When trade,national avenue,and employment are combined in a positive way,a country enjoys reduced poverty and boosted economic growth.Because strong agriculture results in benefits fairly quickly, focusing on it is one of the best ways to speed up development and improve a country’s standing across the globe.
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It drives innovation in technology.Because healthy agriculture is so essential to a country’s well-being,it’s been the setting of some of the most exciting innovations in technology.Through artificial intelligence,blockchain software,and more,scientists and farmers have been figuring out ways to increase crop productivity,use less water,and reduce negative impacts on the environment.For scientists and tech companies,agribusiness is one of the most fascinating and productive fields to work in.
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It’s the source of our food supply.Arguably,the most important aspect of agriculture is that it’s the source of the world’s food supply.No matter where or what you are eating,the ingredients in your meals come from somewhere.All roads lead to agriculture.In countries dealing with food insecurity and severe malnutrition,their agricultural sectors are suffering.When agriculture thrives(蓬勃发展),fewer people go hungry.
It can help heal the environment.Agriculture possesses the power to cause harm or heal.When farmers prioritize biodiversity on their land,it benefits the earth.Having more biodiversity results in healthier soil,better water conservation,and healthier pollinators(传粉者).
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All in all,agriculture plays a critical role in the entire life of a given economy.Agriculture culture is the backbone of the economic system of a given country.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。农业在一个特定经济体的整个生命周期中起着至关重要的作用,是一个国家经济体系的支柱。文章主要介绍了农业的重要性。
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5.What is the topic of the article
A.Civilization. B.Agriculture.
C.Economy. D.Environment.
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主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章第一段“Civilization began with agriculture,and though humanity has changed significantly,agriculture remains very important.In certain countries,its significance is more apparent,but the reality is that every country in the world depends on agriculture for one thing or another.”指出农业是很重要的,接着第二、三、四、五、六段从不同的方面具体介绍了农业的作用;最后一段对文章进行总结,指出农业的重要地位,由此可知,文章的主题是农业,故选B项。
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6.What is expected to be achieved by using technology in agriculture
A.Sustainable development.
B.Sound economic systems.
C.Low unemployment rates.
D.Worldwide food security.
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推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Through artificial intelligence,blockchain software,and more,scientists and farmers have been figuring out ways to increase crop productivity,use less water,and reduce negative impacts on the environment.”可知,在农业中使用技术能提高作物产量,减少用水量,并减少对环境的负面影响,由此可推知,将技术应用到农业中有望实现农业的可持续发展。
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7.What does the author mean by using the word “Arguably” in paragraph 5
A.He is critical about such a belief.
B.He is doubtful about the importance.
C.He is certain about his statement.
D.He is concerned about food insecurity.
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推理判断题。根据第五段中画线单词所在句子“Arguably,the most important aspect of agriculture is that it’s the source of the world’s food supply. No matter where or what you are eating,the ingredients in your meals come from somewhere.All roads lead to agriculture.”可知,作者论证了农业是我们食物的来源,由此可推知,作者使用“Arguably”这个单词是为了表明对自己的陈述很肯定。
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8.What is the text mainly about
A.The development of agriculture.
B.The diversity of farm products.
C.The significance of land farming.
D.The origin of human civilization.
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主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段“All in all,agriculture plays a critical role in the entire life of a given economy.Agriculture culture is the backbone of the economic system of a given country.”可知,文章主要介绍农业的重要性。
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Ⅱ.七选五
Vegan Agriculture
Vegan farming(全素农业) has become more and more popular.It is one of the most environmentally-friendly forms of agriculture.Vegan farming is a good way to grow plants such as vegetables without using animal-derived materials such as their waste. 1 Such an approach to farming also helps preserve the environment and regain soil richness and improve its biodiversity.
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2 Organic farming uses natural products to grow plants — that can include even animal waste as fertilizers.On the other hand,vegan agriculture rejects animal-derived products and usually sticks with plant-based organic compounds,which means that,in general,vegan agriculture has stricter rules than organic farming.
Additionally,vegan farming usually chooses more natural ways to protect the plants,like breaking cycles of plants’ diseases with mixed cropping(混作),using mechanical barriers such as nets,or even attracting opposing organisms to fight the harmful ones. 3 However,they might be less effective against certain plant diseases or pests.
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One of the reasons to invest in vegan agriculture is that the vegan way of farming replaces synthetic(合成的) pesticides and uses organic pesticides or other non-chemical methods to protect the crops.By contrast,in conventional agriculture,synthetic pesticides are on a very high level. 4
In the future,it is of great significance not to rely on animals’ waste for feeding plants.Doing so is not only beneficial to vegans. 5 Even if today’s methods of vegan agriculture might not be perfect,scientists worldwide, together with vegan farmers,are working towards developing plant-based solutions as alternatives to animal-derived fertilizers.
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A.Accordingly,the amount of it in food products is much higher.
B.It is apparent that vegan agriculture is not the same as an organic one.
C.In today’s world,the vegan diet and lifestyle are increasingly popular.
D.But it’s also good for the whole world,including other animals and plants.
E.Those ways affect the environment less than the ways of traditional farming.
F.The rise of veganism creates new demand for more vegan-friendly agriculture.
G.Also,vegan farmers are far from applying synthetic fertilizers.
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了全素农业的优势。
1.G 由设空处前一句“Vegan farming is a good way to grow plants such as vegetables without using animal-derived materials such as their waste.”和后一句“Such an approach to farming also helps preserve the environment and regain soil richness and improve its biodiversity.”可知,设空处仍在说全素农业的好处。G项“Also,vegan farmers are far from applying synthetic fertilizers.(全素种植者也绝不会使用合成肥料。)”符合题意。
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2.B 本段最后一句“On the other hand,vegan agriculture rejects animal-derived products and usually sticks with plant-based organic compounds, which means that,in general,vegan agriculture has stricter rules than organic farming.”可知,本段在说全素农业与有机农业是不一样的。结合选项,B项“It is apparent that vegan agriculture is not the same as an organic one.(很明显,全素农业和有机农业是不一样的。)”符合题意。
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3.E 上文“Additionally,vegan farming usually chooses more natural ways to protect the plants,like breaking cycles of plants’ diseases with mixed cropping(混作),using mechanical barriers such as nets,or even attracting opposing organisms to fight the harmful ones.”介绍全素农业通常选择更自然的方式来保护植物。下文“However,they might be less effective against certain plant diseases or pests.”介绍这种方法的弊端,且为转折关系。可推知空处应是这种方法的优势。结合选项,E项“Those ways affect the environment less than the ways of traditional farming.(那些方式对环境的影响比传统农业方式要小。)”符合语境。
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4.A 上文“By contrast,in conventional agriculture,synthetic pesticides are on a very high level.”介绍传统农业中合成杀虫剂的使用情况。结合选项,A项“Accordingly,the amount of it in food products is much higher.(因此,它在食品中的含量要高得多。)”与前一句构成顺承关系。
5.D 上文“Doing so is not only beneficial to vegans.”介绍好处。结合选项,D项“But it’s also good for the whole world,including other animals and plants.”介绍对于其他一些对象也是有益的。且“not only...but also”前后呼应。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
When Lin Zhanxi first introduced mushroom cultivation(培育) to the Gobi Desert residents of Ningxia,he didn’t expect such a phenomenal success.1. inventor of juncao,a method that uses grass cuttings as substrate(培养基) for growing eatable and medicinal mushrooms,has long been committed 2. expanding the method in poverty relief.
The
to
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In the 1980s,as a professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin experimented with grass instead of logs to grow mushrooms because logs weren’t 3. (ready) available for many rural households,while grass,4. leaves and roots can be used for ecological management,is an essential multi-functional agricultural resource.In 1986,Lin made it,and soon his method 5. (adopt) by 51 counties in Fujian.
When juncao was made a key project in the pairing-off cooperation between Fujian and Ningxia in 1997,Lin advocated 6. (take) advantage of abandoned cave dwellings(窑洞) for growing mushrooms in Ningxia.The project doubled the farmers’ yearly income that year.
readily
whose
was adopted
taking
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The success made juncao 7. (promote) in 506 China’s counties and it was then introduced to 106 developing countries.This world-famous innovation 8. (bring) welfare to millions of people so far.What touched Lin most during his journey to other countries to help develop juncao technology was that a foreign minister even named his daughter after juncao in honor of China’s 9. (assist).
“I feel I have a new mission 10. (shoulder),even after China wins its battle to reduce poverty.I can still foresee the importance of juncao in helping farmers better their situation and improving the ecology and the environment around us,” he said.
promoted
has brought
assistance
to shoulder
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。当林占熺第一次向宁夏戈壁滩居民介绍蘑菇种植时,他没有想到会取得如此惊人的成功。菌草技术是一种以草屑为基质种植食用蘑菇和药用蘑菇的方法,其发明者长期以来一直致力于在扶贫中推广这种方法。
1.The 考查冠词。此处为特指一种以草屑为基质种植食用蘑菇和药用蘑菇的方法,所以用定冠词。故填The。
2.to 考查介词。be committed to致力于,故填to。
3.readily 考查词性转换。分析句子结构,修饰形容词使用副词。故填readily。
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4.whose 考查定语从句。先行词是grass,设空处在定语从句中作定语,使用whose引导定语从句。
5.was adopted 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构,设空处在句子中作谓语,与主语之间为被动关系,使用被动语态,因句子表达的是发生在过去的动作,使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was adopted。
6.taking 考查非谓语动词。advocate doing sth.主张做某事。故填taking。
7.promoted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句子中作宾语补足语,使用非谓语动词,因与其逻辑主语juncao之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,使用过去分词。故填promoted。
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8.has brought 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句子中作谓语,根据时间状语so far可知应使用现在完成时。故填has brought。
9.assistance 考查词性转换。设空处在句子中作宾语,使用名词。故填assistance。
10.to shoulder 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,设空处在句子中作后置定语表示一个尚未发生的不确定的动作,应使用动词不定式。故填to shoulder。
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Ⅳ.应用文写作
假定你是学生会主席李华,你校即将举办主题为 “我爱唐诗”的汉字书法大赛(Chinese Calligraphy Contest)。请你给校国际部的学生写一篇通知,内容包括:
1.比赛目的;
2.要求与安排;
3.参赛方式。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在相应位置作答。
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NOTICE
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
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NOTICE
With the purpose of enriching our school life,a Chinese Calligraphy Contest is scheduled to be held in our school in May.
The contest,combining traditional Chinese culture with Chinese calligraphy,is worth our expectation.The competitors will be asked to demonstrate their original works and interpret the meanings of their chosen favourite Tang poems.The top ten entries will be selected for exhibition.
If interested,please download and fill in the application form on the school site and send it with your entry to the school office no later than May 1st.Looking forward to your participation.
The Students’ Union
