2024届高考英语 二轮复习 七选五 专题训练（含解析）

Passage 1
STEMvs.STEAM
STEM is short for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. The term was coined by Judith Ramaley while a director at National Science Foundation in 2001. Since then, STEM-focused education has been extended to many countries beyond the United States. However, education is a constantly evolving game.　1　 One of the latest philosophies gaining STEAM is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate.
The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles.　2　 Tasks involving product design encourage students to draw and create. Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines.
　3　 They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively. Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities.　19　 Furthermore, for kids who might be turned off from STEM subjects due to a dislike of numbers, highlighting the artistic component of lessons can reach out and draw them in.
While they seem to be opposed, both sides of this argument may have the right idea.　4　 Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields. Also, the most basic of all children’s toys, wooden blocks, are an incredible example of STEAM exploration. They bring design, geometry, and engineering concepts to our youngest learners, setting them up for a lifetime of creative thinking.
A.The STEAMers disagree.
B.Actually, science and arts are inseparable.
C.It consistently introduces new theories and practices.
D.Their idea is that there are already enough arts in their approach.
E.Thus, good teachers are always learning to keep pace with updated knowledge.
F.It also improves the probability of success in complicated tasks and challenges.
G.They believe adding art makes the STEM courses accessible to more students.
Passage 2
HowtoReduceGiftWrapWaste
Wrapping paper may have “paper” in its name, but that doesn’t automatically mean it can be recycled.　1　 Try these suggestions for cutting down the amount of wrapping paper you throw away.
Reusewhatyouhave.　2　 It’s estimated that the US produces 4.6 million pounds of wrapping paper annually, and 2.3 million pounds of that stays in people’s homes, awaiting reuse.
Usedifferentmaterials.　3　 Select basic brown thick paper that can be made up with a bow, ribbons, leaves, pine cones or markers. Repurpose newspapers, old posters and children’s school artworks as wrapping paper. There are plenty of other eco-friendly alternatives to wrapping paper that are just delightful and celebratory.
　4　 Use baskets, fabric, gift boxes or bags, tea towels, and more to contain and display your presents. Learn the Japanese art of wrapping, using beautiful knots(绳结) to fasten colourful, reusable fabric in attractive ways. This way, you’ll have no wrapping paper waste to deal with.
Askforbetterpaper. Shops store what customers want, and recyclability should be a top priority, so let that be known when you’re out shopping. As explained by Simon Ellin, CEO of the Recycling Association, a trade body that represents about 90 waste management companies and paper merchants in the United Kingdom,“It’s a campaign we’ve been on all year—do you really need to design non-paper wrapping paper Make paper with recycling in mind!”　5　
A.Try zero waste.
B.Shop with that in mind, too.
C.You don’t have to choose shining paper to decorate a present.
D.In fact, many types of wrapping paper cannot due to their materials.
E.When wrapping paper is extremely thin, it has few good quality fibres for recycling.
F.Wrapping paper can be used many times if care is taken to unwrap it without tearing.
G.Having a mix of recyclable and non-recyclable paper is a real problem for companies.
Passage 3
A rhetorical question is a question that requires no reply, either because the answer is obvious or because the asker already knows the answer. As one of the most commonly used persuasive techniques for speeches, it is so effective at attracting your audience.　1　. So, you need to find the right balance!
Force your audience to think.
　2　, and your audience will start thinking about the answers by themselves. These questions don’t have fixed or standard answers. For example, “What do you think the world will look like in 50 years What were some ideas that popped into your head Is the world exactly the same as ours today Does it have levitating cars and magic glasses Or is it dying from climate change ” You see, when someone asks you a rhetorical question, you start to explore different ideas in your mind.　3　.
Emphasize a specific point.
You can use rhetorical questions to emphasize your previous statement.　4　. For example:“67% of all Australians are overweight. Are you one of them ” Here, the rhetorical question hammers the previous statement in your mind. You realize that 67% is actually a really high percentage.
Evoke emotions.
Rhetorical questions can also evoke emotions by putting the audience in a situation where they can have real-time experience with what is being discussed. Let’s change the statement “Future generations will never see tigers or polar bears again” into a rhetorical question “What if your child and their child can never see a tiger or polar bear again ”　5　.
This helps you convince them to believe your speech.
A.Ask open-ended questions
B.When your audience think you are a nice man
C.Use new technologies to prevent your audience from taking a nap
D.Many people will be certainly emotional by hearing such questions
E.This will make your audience think hard about what you said just now
F.You might even find yourself exploring new possibilities you never thought before
G.However, overusing rhetorical techniques can also make your speech sound too repetitive
Passage 4
The process by which rich land becomes desert is called desertification(沙漠化).　1　The U.N. says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent.
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8000-kilometre-long forest across 11 of the continent’s countries. The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change.　2　 They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment. Just 4 million hectares of land have been turned into forest since the work on the Great Green Wall began 15 years ago.　3　
Launched in 2007, the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east.　4　 It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.
　5　 They say some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent. For example, efforts in Eritrea and Sudan have resulted in nearly 140, 000 hectares of newly planted forest.
The U. N. desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A.It has severe impacts on the environment.
B.That is only 4 percent of the program’s goal.
C.However, it is difficult to carry out the project.
D.But the project has been facing many problems.
E.The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
F.Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful.
G.Some countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
Passage 5
Mixing murals, sculpture and calligraphy, grotto(石窟) temples are historical treasures of ancient Chinese art, values and spirits. Thousands of people flock to grotto temples each year.　1　
In October, the National Cultural Heritage Administration and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued a notice, urging the protection of China’s grotto temples. Grotto temple workers are required to do research and determine how many daily visitors they can safely handle.　2　 Visitors are encouraged to visit at different periods or have virtual experiences related to the cultural heritage sites. These measures are aimed at preserving these relics, as both human and environmental factors have caused harm.
Tourists often touch the sculptures, leading to changes in the surface and colour of the figures gradually.　3　 And even the most well-behaved tourists can unknowingly cause harm to the relics. Over many centuries, the ancient rocks that make up these grottoes slowly corrode(腐蚀) due to the acid content of air, water and microorganisms.　4　 According to a study by the China University of Geosciences, the carbon dioxide that visitors breathe out has made the air more acid. At the Mogao Grottoes in Gansu, researchers also found that microorganisms brought in unintentionally by visitors themselves have also led to changes in colour in murals.
“　5　Seeing the grottoes in depth, it will help people better understand Chinese philosophy and humanities from a historical perspective,” a regional director of the Yungang Grottoes Research Academy told ChinaNews.
A.Preserving these relics is important.
B.Yet these relics are threatened by visitors.
C.The new rule received support from visitors.
D.The light from cameras can also damage the relics.
E.The visitors’ number should be controlled based on this research.
F.But when the grottoes are open to the public, the process speeds up.
G.Efforts should also go into advertising the beauty of grotto temples.
Passage 6
If you’re looking to maximise the amount of fat burning in your next workout, think about having a coffee half an hour before you get started.　1　
Researchers found that 3 milligrams(毫克) of caffeine per kilogram of body weight can raise the rate of fat burning during aerobic(有氧的) exercise.　2　 The coffee dose was shown to increase maximal fat oxidation rate(脂肪氧化率) by an average of 10.7 percent in the morning and 29 percent in the afternoon.
The recommendation to exercise on an empty stomach in the morning to increase fat oxidation is common.　3　 It is still unknown whether this increase is due to exercising in the morning or due to going without food for a longer period of time.
　4　 Caffeine is often associated with improved athletic performance, though the science behind this link isn’t as comprehensive as it could be. In later cycling tests after the caffeine had been given, the fat-burning capability of the body was measured, showing the impact that caffeine had made on MFO. Maximum oxygen uptake was also raised, as was the intensity(强度) of exercise.
The results of the study showed that acute caffeine intake 30 minutes before performing an aerobic exercise test increased MFO during exercise regardless of the time of day.　5　 Overall, these results suggest that a combination of acute caffeine intake and exercise at moderate intensity in the afternoon provides the best solution for individuals seeking to increase whole-body fat oxidation during aerobic exercise.
A.It is based on the results gathered from 15 male volunteers.
B.However, this recommendation may lack a scientific basis.
C.Evidence is mounting that morning exercise is good for your health.
D.A new study suggests it can make a significant difference to fat burning.
E.They are clear enough to suggest that there is some kind of association there.
F.Researchers have found that if cyclists take more caffeine, they will ride much faster.
G.Researchers were keen to look in detail at the relationship between caffeine and exercise.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教育理念STEM与STEAM的不同之处。
1.C　解析 根据上文“However,educationisaconstantlyevolvinggame.”可知,教育是不断发展的, 以及下文“OneofthelatestphilosophiesgainingSTEAMisaddinganartscomponenttotheSTEMeducationalfocus,thus,creatingtheSTEMvs.STEAMdebate.”说明教育发展过程中引入一些元素, 形成新的理论,C项“它不断引入新的理论和实践。”承上启下, 符合题意。故选C项。
2.D　解析 根据上文“ThebelieversinSTEMeducationwantthefocustoremainonthecoreSTEMprinciples.”以及下文“AddingartswilltakeawayfromtheoriginalintentionoffocusingontheSTEMdisciplines.”可知,STEM教育理念的相信者认为不需要增加艺术元素,D项“他们的想法是, 他们的方法中已经有足够的艺术。”说明他们认为不需要添加艺术元素的原因, 符合题意。故选D项。
3.A　解析 根据上文“ThebelieversinSTEMeducationwantthefocustoremainonthecoreSTEMprinciples.”以及下文“TheyarguethataddingartstoSTEMisawaytodevelopstrongSTEMstudentswhothinkcreatively.”可知,STEAM理念的相信者认为需要加入艺术元素, 与STEM的理念不同,A项“STEAM公司不同意。”承上启下, 符合题意。故选A项。
4.F　解析 根据上文“Severalstudieshaveshownthatengagingstudents’artsstrengthincreasestheirmotivationwhenitcomestoSTEMactivities.”可知, 调动学生艺术力量的益处,F项中It指代上文中的engagingstudents’artsstrength,F项“它还能提高在复杂任务和挑战中成功的概率。”进一步说明调动学生艺术力量的益处, 符合题意。故选F项。
5.B　解析 根据下文“Considerthegrowingfieldofcomputeranimation,whereyoumusthavebothartisticabilitiesandstrongtechnologyfields.”可知,技术和艺术不可分割,B项“事实上, 科学和艺术是不可分割的。”引出下文, 符合题意。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种减少包装纸浪费的方法。
1.D　解析 根据空格前的 “Wrappingpapermayhave ‘paper’ initsname,butthatdoesn’tautomaticallymeanitcanberecycled.” 可知, 包装纸的名字里可能有 “纸”, 但这并不意味着它可以回收利用,D项 “事实上, 许多类型的包装纸由于其材料而不能被回收。” 承接上文, 解释了为什么有些包装纸不能回收利用。故选D项。
2.F　解析 根据 “Reusewhatyouhave.” 可知, 本段主要介绍重复使用包装纸, 而 F项的beusedmanytimes与该段主题相符。故选F项。
3.C　解析 根据 “Usedifferentmaterials.” 和空格后的 “Selectbasicbrownthickpaperthatcanbemadeupwithabow,ribbons,leaves,pineconesormarkers.Repurposenewspapers,oldpostersandchildren’sschoolartworksaswrappingpaper.” 可知,C项 “你不必选择闪亮的纸来装饰礼物。” 符合语境。故选C项。
4.A　解析 根据本段的 “Usebaskets,fabric,giftboxesorbags,...LearntheJapaneseartofwrapping,usingbeautifulknotstofastencolourful,...Thisway,you’llhavenowrappingpaperwastetodealwith.” 可知, 本段主要介绍用其他东西代替包装纸来包装礼物, 这样就不需要处理包装纸了。因此A项 “要尝试零浪费。” 符合语境。故选A项。
5.B　解析 根据上文的 “Makepaperwithrecyclinginmind!” 可推断, 买包装纸时也应考虑到回收利用。 故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何使用反问句修辞技巧。
1.G　解析 根据上文的“Arhetoricalquestionisaquestionthatrequiresnoreply,eitherbecausetheanswerisobviousorbecausetheaskeralreadyknowstheanswer.Asoneofthemostcommonlyusedpersuasivetechniquesforspeeches,itissoeffectiveatattractingyouraudience.”以及下文“So,youneedtofindtherightbalance!”可知, 本句与上文构成转折, 指出使用修辞技巧存在的问题:使你的演讲听起来过于重复。故G选项“然而, 过度使用修辞技巧也会使你的演讲听起来过于重复”符合语境。故选G项。
2.A　解析 根据下文的“andyouraudiencewillstartthinkingabouttheanswersbythemselves.Thesequestionsdon’thavefixedorstandardanswers.”可知, 后文提到问题没有固定或标准的答案, 可见是开放式问题。故A选项“问开放式问题”符合语境。故选A项。
3.F　解析 根据上文的“Forexample, ‘Whatdoyouthinktheworldwilllooklikein50years Whatweresomeideasthatpoppedintoyourhead Istheworldexactlythesameasourstoday Doesithavelevitatingcarsandmagicglasses Orisitdyingfromclimatechange ’ Yousee,whensomeoneasksyouarhetoricalquestion,youstarttoexploredifferentideasinyourmind.”可知, 上文提到了在脑海中探索不同的想法, 本句为本段最后一句, 故承接上文说明探索以前从未想过的新可能性。故F选项“你甚至会发现自己在探索以前从未想过的新可能性”符合语境。故选F项。
4.E　解析 根据上文的“Youcanuserhetoricalquestionstoemphasizeyourpreviousstatement.”可知, 本句承接上文说明这么做的作用:让你的听众仔细思考你刚才说的话。故E选项“这会让你的听众仔细思考你刚才说的话”符合语境。故选E项。
5.D　解析 根据上文的“Let’schangethestatement ‘Futuregenerationswillneverseetigersorpolarbearsagain’ intoarhetoricalquestion ‘Whatifyourchildandtheirchildcanneverseeatigerorpolarbearagain ’”可知, 本句为本段最后一句, 应承接上文说明这么做带来的结果:许多人听到这样的问题肯定会激动。故D选项“许多人听到这样的问题肯定会激动”符合语境。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲“绿色长城”项目的进展情况。
1.A　解析 根据下文“TheU.N.saysupto45percentofAfrica’slandisimpactedbydesertification,worsethananyothercontinent.”可知, 该空是介绍沙漠化对环境的影响,A项“Ithassevereimpactsontheenvironment.”中的impacts为解题的关键信息, 所讲述的内容与下文一致。故选A项。
2.D　解析 根据下文“Theyincludelimitedpoliticalsupport,lackofmoney,weakorganizationalstructures,andnotenoughconsiderationfortheenvironment.”列举的各种问题, 与D项“Buttheprojecthasbeenfacingmanyproblems.”呼应。故选D项。
3.B　解析 根据空格位于段尾可知, 此处应该是对该段的总结, 上文“Just4millionhectaresoflandhavebeenturnedintoforestsincetheworkontheGreatGreenWallbegan15yearsago.”讲述的是自15年前“绿色长城”项目开始以来取得的成绩,B项“Thatisonly4percentoftheprogram’sgoal.”中的that指代的内容与上文内容相符。故选B项。
4.E　解析 根据下文“Itcouldalsoreducelevelsofclimate-relatedmigrationintheareaandcapturehundredsofmillionsoftonsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.”可知, 该空所填内容是对项目好处的表述,E项“TheprojectwouldcreatemillionsofgreenjobsinruralAfrica.”讲述的是该项目产生的影响, 符合语境。故选E项。
5.F　解析 根据下文“Theysaysomeprogresshasbeenmadeinrecentyearsintheeastofthecontinent.”可知, 此空所填内容中必须包含名词复数与该句中的代词they指代内容一致,F项“Despitemanyproblems,thoseinvolvedintheprojectremainhopeful.”中的those指代内容与they一致, 结合上下文语意理解, 可以判断F项符合语境。故选F项。
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。由于游客增多会加速文物的损坏, 为控制游客数量, 相关部门发布通知,鼓励游客在不同的时间段参观, 或进行与文物古迹相关的虚拟体验。
1.B　解析 根据上文的 “Thousandsofpeopleflocktogrottotempleseachyear.” 可知, 有很多人去参观石窟寺。下文的 “InOctober,theNationalCulturalHeritageAdministrationandtheMinistryofCultureandTourismissuedanotice,urgingtheprotectionofChina’sgrottotemples.” 提到要保护石窟寺。由此推知设空处内容应起到承上启下的作用, 因此B项 “然而这些遗迹受到了游客的威胁。” 符合语境。故选B项。
2.E　解析 根据上文的 “Grottotempleworkersarerequiredtodoresearchanddeterminehowmanydailyvisitorstheycansafelyhandle.” 可知, 此处指通过调查确定石窟寺接待游客的安全数量, 以控制游客的数量, 因此E项 “基于这项研究, 游客的数量应该得到控制。” 符合语境, 选项中的thisresearch呼应上文的research。故选E项。
3.D　解析 根据上文的 “Touristsoftentouchthesculptures,leadingtochangesinthesurfaceandcolourofthefiguresgradually.” 与下文的 “Andeventhemostwell-behavedtouristscanunknowinglycauseharmtotherelics.” 可知, 设空处前后都在介绍游客对遗址的损害行为, 因此D项 “来自相机的光线也会损坏文物。” 符合语境。故选D项。
4.F　解析 根据上文的 “...theancientrocksthatmakeupthesegrottoesslowlycorrodeduetotheacidcontentofair,waterandmicroorganisms.” 和下文的 “...thecarbondioxidethatvisitorsbreatheouthasmadetheairmoreacid.” 可推知, 设空处可能陈述游客会加速石窟的损坏。因此F项 “但当石窟向公众开放时,这个过程就加快了。” 符合语境。故选F项。
5.A　解析 根据下文的 “Seeingthegrottoesindepth,itwillhelppeoplebetterunderstandChinesephilosophyandhumanitiesfromahistoricalperspective” 可知, 研究石窟对理解中国哲学和人文有好处, 因此我们要保护石窟遗存, 因此A项 “保存这些遗迹很重要。” 符合语境。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明: 锻炼身体前半个小时喝一杯咖啡有利于燃烧自己的脂肪, 文章介绍了该研究的过程和结果。
1.D　解析 根据上文的 “Ifyou’relookingtomaximisetheamountoffatburninginyournextworkout,thinkabouthavingacoffeehalfanhourbeforeyougetstarted.” 及下文开始阐述喝一杯咖啡的优点可知, 设空处是过渡句, 因而D项 “一个新的研究表明, 它可以对脂肪燃烧有巨大的影响。” 符合语境。故选D项。
2.A　解析 根据上文的 “Researchersfoundthat3milligramsofcaffeineperkilogramofbodyweightcanraisetherateoffatburningduringaerobicexercise.” 可知, 设空处应解释该结果怎么来的, 因而A项 “这基于15位男性志愿者的结果。” 符合语境。故选A项。
3.B　解析 根据上文的 “Therecommendationtoexerciseonanemptystomachinthemorningtoincreasefatoxidationiscommon.” 可知, 推荐早上空腹锻炼, 因为它增加脂肪氧化, 及下文的 “Itisstillunknownwhetherthisincreaseisduetoexercisinginthemorningorduetogoingwithoutfoodforalongerperiodoftime.” 可知, 设空处应表示转折, 因而B项 “然而, 这个推荐可能缺少科学的支撑。” 符合语境。故选B项。
4.G　解析 根据下文的 “Caffeineisoftenassociatedwithimprovedathleticperformance,thoughthesciencebehindthislinkisn’tascomprehensiveasitcouldbe.” 可知, 咖啡因经常和提高运动表现有联系, 尽管这个联系背后的科学依据并不充足。因而G项 “研究人员热衷于寻找咖啡因和运动之间的紧密联系。” 符合语境。故选G项。
5.E　解析 根据上文的 “...acutecaffeineintake30minutesbeforeperforminganaerobicexercisetestincreasedMFOduringexerciseregardlessofthetimeofday.” 可知, 研究的结果说明不管何时, 健身前半个小时喝一杯咖啡有利于减脂; 根据下文的 “...acombinationofacutecaffeineintakeandexerciseatmoderateintensityintheafternoonprovidesthebestsolutionforindividualsseekingtoincreasewhole-bodyfatoxidationduringaerobicexercise.” 可知, 摄入咖啡因和运动相结合为个人提供了最佳健身方案。因而E项 “它们很清楚地说明了这里有某种联系。” 符合语境,E项中They指代空前的 Theresults。 故选E项。