2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 专题训练（有答案解析）

Passage 1
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY(do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with.But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago, I was heavily involved(参与), painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
1.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A.An artist.
B.A winner.
C.A specialist.
D.A pioneer.
2.Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day
A.For a birthday gift.
B.As a treat for her work.
C.To support her DIY projects.
D.To encourage her to take up a hobby.
3.How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A.By making it look like before.
B.By furnishing it herself.
C.By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D.By cancelling the rental agreement.
4.What trend in DIY does the research show
A.It is becoming more costly.
B.It is getting more time-consuming.
C.It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D.It is gaining popularity among females.
Passage 2
There are around 100 tribes that live in global isolation, mostly in South America and India.
The Sentinelese have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60,000 years. They protect their island by fighting against people from the outside. Their language is different from any other known language.
Another Andaman tribe is the Jarawa. In the past, they were independent and fought against anybody trying to make contact with them. But in 1998, the Indian government built a road across their land, and since then, they’ve had more contact with the outside world.
Some Amazon tribes avoid contact because of unhappy memories. The Mashco-Piro left their vegetable gardens after rubber companies killed most people of their tribe at the beginning of the 20th century. Those who survived became nomadic(游牧的) and started hunting animals in the forest.
The Awa live in the Amazon forests of Brazil. Out of 350 members, 100 have no contact with the outside world. They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans. In the following years, farmers in nearby communities started cutting the trees to expand their farmland. The Awa lost most of their hunting land.
The few Amazon tribes that still exist are fighting to keep their traditional way of life.
Survival, an organisation that fights for the rights of tribal people, says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable(弱势的) humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us.
After years of pressure, the organisation got Brazil’s government to clear invaders from the Awa land. All non-Awa people are leaving so the tribe can get their forest back. But some think it’s impossible for tribes to stay isolated forever in a connected world. Contact will be made one day. So the question is: Whose choice should it be, ours or theirs
5.What could be learnt about the Sentinelese from the text
A.They speak the same language as the Jarawa.
B.They resist contact from the outside world.
C.There are about 350 members in their tribe.
D.They received help from the Indian government.
6.Why did the Awa adopt a nomadic lifestyle
A.To avoid being attacked by Europeans.
B.To avoid being robbed by rubber companies.
C.To protect their hunting land.
D.To maintain their traditional way of life.
7.What is Survival’s view of the tribal people
A.They should fight for their rights by themselves.
B.We should show them respect and not disturb them.
C.It’s impossible to stay isolated from the outside world.
D.We should help them get used to the connected world.
8.How does the author describe the isolated tribes
A.Doubtfully.
B.Critically.
C.Indifferently.
D.Objectively.
Passage 3
More than half the world’s population live in cities, and by 2050 the UN expects that proportion to reach 68%. This means more homes, roads and other infrastructures. In India alone, a city the size of Chicago will have to be developed every year to meet demand for housing. Such a construction increase is a bad sign for dealing with climate change, because making steel and concrete, two of the most common building materials, generates around 8% of the world’s CO2 emissions. If cities are to expand and become greener at the same time, they will have to be made from something else.
Wood is one of the most promising sustainable(可持续的) alternatives to steel and concrete. It is not, however, everyday wood that is attracting the interest of architects.
Rather, it is a material called engineered timber. This is a combination of different layers, each designed to meet the requirements of specific parts such as floors, panels and beams(横梁). Designers can use it to provide levels of strength like steel, in a product that is up to 80% lighter. In addition, engineered timber is usually made into large sections in a factory for future use, which reduces the number of deliveries to a construction site.
According to Michael Ramage of the University of Cambridge, a wooden building produces 75% less CO2 than a steel and concrete one of the same size. However, if building with wood takes off, it does raise concern about there being enough trees left. But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem, says Dr Ramage. A family-sized apartment requires about 30 cubic metres of timber, and he estimates Europe’s sustainable forests alone grow that amount every seven seconds. Nor is fire a risk, for engineered timber does not burn easily. Besides, fireproof layers can be added to the timber. All in all, then, it looks as if wood as a building material may get a new lease of life.
9.Why is India mentioned in paragraph 1
A.To point out the severe pollution.
B.To predict the population increase.
C.To indicate the high degree of urbanisation.
D.To show the great need for building materials.
10.What can be learned about engineered timber
A.It is produced at a low cost.
B.It hardly appeals to architects.
C.It helps save energy in transportation.
D.It possesses greater strength than steel.
11.What does the underlined phrase “takes off” in the last paragraph mean
A.Becomes cheaper.
B.Gains popularity.
C.Requires less work.
D.Proves sustainable.
12.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Making Future Cities More Attractive
B.Living in a World with Less Emission
C.Building Sustainable Cities with Woods
D.Growing More Trees for Future Building
Passage 4
It was a dark night. Thick, dark, gray clouds had made sure that there was no starlight or moonlight to greet me as I walked out on my porch. Still, I kept the porch light off because I didn’t want to be surrounded by bugs and moths(飞蛾) on this sticky summer evening. I stood there for a while letting my eyes adjust to the lack of light. My dog stood beside me waiting patiently for me to start her walk. It was then, though, that I saw them. First one blink of light at the far end of the meadow was followed by another and then another. I smiled. I recognised them at once as my firefly friends, who always showed up at this time of year.
I got so much joy watching them first as a child and then as an adult. They never became dull or boring and they always filled me with delight. When I was little I used to sit in the grass and watch them slowly fly around blinking on and off. I never caught and put one in a jar as some kids did because I was afraid I might kill it and I never wanted to hurt these messengers(信使) of light. Their time on earth was so brief as it was. I tried to enjoy them each time they were here. It always saddened me when they disappeared in the fall and it always made my heart sing when they reappeared the next summer.
I think I enjoy these little fireflies so much because I can see that we are like them in a lot of ways. Our time here on earth is brief. Often our light and love are more like blinks rather than a steady shine. Let’s share our light and love while we are here then.
13.Why did the author turn off his porch light
A.To avoid some insects.
B.To adapt to surroundings.
C.To search for his dog.
D.To greet special friends.
14.What can we know about fireflies
A.They always frightened the author.
B.Most kids wanted to put them in a jar.
C.The author watched them every night.
D.They usually brightened the author.
15.What does the author mainly convey through the story
A.Value our short life in the world.
B.Protect fireflies as well as possible.
C.Devote ourselves as much as possible.
D.Share as many inspiring stories as possible.
16.What can be the best title for the text
A.A Special Summer Night
B.Messengers of Light
C.Human’s Best Friends
D.Fireflies — Shinning Forever
Passage 5
A 293-million-mile journey of the NASA Perseverance rover(探测器) to Mars ended successfully on February 18, 2021, with a picture-perfect landing inside the Jezero Crater. The car-sized, six-wheeled rover, nicknamed Percy,is the US space agency’s biggest and most advanced explorer to date. Its primary mission is to search for signs of ancient microbial(微生物的) life on Mars.
Landing on Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planet’s gravitational pull causes the approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere—just 1 percent of the Earth’s—does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.
The scientists had to reduce Percy’s 12,000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph—in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be precise 12 degrees—any steeper, and the spacecraft would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space. It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the “seven minutes of terror”.
Upon attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew over the Martian surface to seek out the perfect landing spot. Its complex map-reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database to find the best location.
The NASA scientists spent the next two months testing Percy’s scientific instruments. Once ready, the rover would begin to carry out its mission.
“Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made but confirming that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof,” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division.“While we’ll learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well-equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples carry evidence that Mars once harboured life.”
17.What is the extraordinary challenge for the rover to land on Mars
A.The speed reduction.
B.The atmosphere analysis.
C.The location search.
D.The time management.
18.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.Ways to find the precise entry angle.
B.Consequences of a wrong entry degree.
C.Factors to survive “the seven minutes”.
D.Reasons for the necessity of speed reducing.
19.What does “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A.The spot.　　　　B.The area.
C.The system. D.The surface.
20.What can be inferred from Lori Glaze’s words
A.Instruments aboard the rover are not quite reliable.
B.Perseverance is able to collect enough evidence needed.
C.Man still has a long way to go to prove life was on Mars.
D.Samples of Mars will be returned soon to our labs on Earth.
Passage 6
I told my friend Graham that I often cycled two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there was a big hill on the route. He replied,“You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.
My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote,“The character cannot be developed with ease. Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.”
One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. Some are of our own making but many confront us through no fault of our own. While we cannot choose adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident. He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans. He was an inspiration to others during the war. He said,“Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that. That’s nonsense. Make up your mind, and you’ll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”
The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won. Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.
21.Which of the following is true according to the author of the passage
A.Those who want to achieve success can’t expect to live an easy life.
B.Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise.
C.Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people’s health.
D.People’s attitude towards hardships is the only factor of their success.
22.By quoting what Douglas Bader said, the author intends to tell us “　　　”.
A.Failure is the mother of success
B.A bad workman quarrels with his tools
C.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try
D.If you risk nothing, you will have nothing
23.Following this passage, the author will further talk about 　　　.
A.how his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced
B.why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble
C.what steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face
D.what great people have in common
24.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A.Different attitudes towards misfortune
B.Face difficulties with a smile
C.Nothing is impossible
D.Life is full of adversity
参考答案
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位女性TerriBolton擅长DIY, 自己能够做的事情从来不花钱雇人做。越来越多的人和她一样, 喜欢自己动手, 避免浪费。
1.C　解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.”可知,TerriBolton擅长自己动手做事情, 由此推断出adabhand意为“专家, 能手”, 故选C项。
2.B　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Aday’sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.”可知答案为B项。
3.A　解析 推理判断题。根据短文第三段中的“So,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”可知, 由于Terri自己会修补墙上的洞和粉刷房屋, 这样在搬走时, 房屋看起来与原本搬进来时的样子差不多, 避免了房东因房子有损坏而扣押金。故选A项。
4.D　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“ThoughDIYhastraditionallybeenseenasamalehobby,theresearchshowsitiswomennowleadingthecharge.”可知, 虽然从传统上来说,DIY被视为男性的爱好, 但研究表明现在是女性在起着引领作用。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上生活在南美洲和印度的与世隔绝的原始部落。
5.B　解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “TheSentinelesehavelivedononeoftheAndamanIslandsinEasternIndiafor60,000years.Theyprotecttheirislandbyfightingagainstpeoplefromtheoutside.” 可知,Sentinelese抵制来自外部世界的接触。 故选B项。
6.A　解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “Theylefttheirvillagesandadoptedanomadiclifestylearound1850toescapeattacksbyEuropeans.” 可知,Awa人之所以采用游牧的生活方式是为了避免被欧洲人攻击。故选A项。
7.B　解析 推理判断题。根据第七段中的 “Survival,anorganisationthatfightsfortherightsoftribalpeople,saysthatuncontactedtribesarethemostvulnerablehumansontheplanetandthat’swhytheirenvironmentshouldbeunavailabletotherestofus.” 可知,Survival对部落居民的看法是: 我们应该尊重且不要打扰他们。故选B项。
8.D　解析 推理判断题。通读全文, 本文主要客观介绍世界上生活在南美洲和印度的与世隔绝的原始部落。作者在文中没有自己主观的(怀疑、批评以及冷淡的)看法, 只是对这些与世隔绝的部落进行了客观介绍。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能够替代钢铁和混凝土的新型工程木材, 以及它所具有的更环保、节约及可持续性等优势。
9.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Thismeansmorehomes,roadsandotherinfrastructures.InIndiaalone,acitythesizeofChicagowillhavetobedevelopedeveryyeartomeetdemandforhousing.” 可知, 第一段提到印度是为了证明城市人口的增加意味着需要更多的房屋等基础设施, 由此导致了对建筑材料的巨大需求。故选D项。
10.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “Inaddition,engineeredtimberisusuallymadeintolargesectionsinafactoryforfutureuse,whichreducesthenumberofdeliveriestoaconstructionsite.” 可知, 这种工程木材有助于在运输中节省能源。故选C项。
11.B　解析 词义猜测题。根据本段的画线词之后 “...itdoesraiseconcernabouttherebeingenoughtreesleft.” 可知, 人们会担心是否有足够多的树木剩下, 由此推知 takeoff意为 “畅销”。故选B项。
12.C　解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的 “Ifcitiesaretoexpandandbecomegreeneratthesametime,theywillhavetobemadefromsomethingelse.” 及最后一段的 “...itlooksasifwoodasabuildingmaterialmaygetanewleaseoflife.” 可知, 最佳标题应是C项 “用木材建造可持续发展的城市”。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在黑暗的夏夜行走, 又遇到了熟悉的萤火虫朋友。它们虽然在世间存在的时间很短暂, 但是给人们带来了宝贵的亮光。
13.A　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Still,IkepttheporchlightoffbecauseIdidn’twanttobesurroundedbybugsandmothsonthisstickysummerevening.” 可知, 作者关掉门厅灯是因为不想受到小虫子和飞蛾的烦扰。故选A项。
14.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Igotsomuchjoywatchingthem...theyalwaysfilledmewithdelight.” 可知, 作者很喜欢观察萤火虫, 它们总是给作者带来欢乐。故选D项。
15.C　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “IthinkIenjoytheselittlefirefliessomuchbecauseIcanseethatweareliketheminalotofways...Let’sshareourlightandlovewhileweareherethen.” 可知, 作者写此文的目的是建议我们要像萤火虫一样, 在有限的时间里尽量分享我们的光和爱。故选C项。
16.B　解析 标题归纳题。根据第二段中的 “Theirtimeonearthwassobriefasitwas.Itriedtoenjoythemeachtimetheywerehere.” 可知, 萤火虫虽然在世间存在的时间很短暂, 但是给人们带来了宝贵的亮光。因此B项作为文章标题最合适。
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国航天局 “毅力号” 火星探测器成功登陆火星的有关信息。
17.A　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “TheRedPlanet’sgravitationalpullcausestheapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere—just1percentoftheEarth’s—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.” 可知, 宇宙飞船在火星上着陆时, 减速是一件困难的事情。故选A项。
18.C　解析 段落大意题。根据第三段中的 “ThescientistshadtoreducePercy’s12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeprecise12degrees—anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.” 可推知, 本段主要描述在 “恐怖七分钟” 中影响幸存的因素。故选C项。
19.B　解析 代词指代题。根据it之前的scannedthearea及之后的withmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation可知, 扫描该区域, 并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹配来找到最佳着陆点。 it指代的是该区域。故选B项。
20.C　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “...butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof” 及 “...itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamplescarryevidencethatMarsonceharbouredlife.” 可知, 要证明火星上是否孕育过生命需要地球上具有设备更完善的实验室和精密仪器, 因此人类在这方面还有很长的路要走。 故选C项。
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者在上学的路上每天都要经过一座山, 作者为此感到不幸, 但经过和朋友的一番谈话, 渐渐明白了要微笑着面对困难。
21.A　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “Wecannotachieveanythingwithaneasylife.” 可知, 简单容易的生活不会使我们取得成功。据此可以推断, 想要成功就不要期望过容易的生活。故选A项。
22.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “Makeupyourmind,andyou’llneverusecrutchesorastick,andthenhaveagoateverything...impossible.” 可知,DouglasBader认为面对困难应当勇敢尝试, 不要听信别人所说的太困难或不可能。据此可以判断, 作者引用DouglasBader的话旨在说明对于勇于尝试的人来说, 世界上没有克服不了的困难。故选C项。
23.C　解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 “Nevertheless,thereisstilltheproblemofhowyouchangeyourattitudetowardsadversity.” 可知, 如何改变面对困难的态度的问题仍然存在。据此可以判断, 下文将就此问题做进一步的阐述。故选C项。
24.B　解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知, 作者通过将骑自行车经过山地视为锻炼的机会, 以及HelenKeller和DouglasBader的故事说明, 成功的关键是面对困难的积极态度。故B项最能概括主题。