2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟练习（有答案解析）

Passage 1
As I lay here in my hard, uncomfortable hospital bed, all I could think about was how badly I wanted to leave this place. It had been four days of doctors giving bad news, medicine injections, procedures, MRIs and restless nights. I had been able to eat one meal a day due to the surgeries I was scheduled for later. I asked my mum to bring me my car keys and on my key chain there was a soft piece of leather made from my first baseball glove. She looked worried and sad, handing the key chain to me. In the fibres of the leather were so many memories that had transformed me as a person.
I grabbed my keys and touched a smooth piece of leather. It was a nice coffee brown and about 3 inches in length. Every time I touched it, I would think of one thing—baseball. The key chain was made from my first baseball glove that I cherished so much. It carried great moments like championships as well as moments when I struck out and lost.
All of a sudden, my nurse walked in and I jumped when I heard her voice. She didn’t mean to interrupt, but I needed more medicine. Once she left, I focused back and grasped the cowhide. I rubbed my fingers up and down just feeling this reminder of the game. It took me on a wild road trip through my brain and I would stop at each baseball memory. This time I began to picture the people that were involved in my baseball life.
I opened my eyes, realising the road trip that I used to be on had gone with the wind. My gaze shifted to the clock on the opposite wall. Almost an hour had passed! Even in tough times the things and people you love could help you escape and you would get over all the difficulties.
1.What made the author’s mother worried
A.The author’s skill in baseball.
B.The author’s attitude to his life.
C.The author’s present situation.
D.The poor condition of the hospital.
2.Why did the author treasure the key chain
A.It brought back plenty of memories.
B.It was soft and comfortable to touch.
C.It had witnessed his great moments.
D.It was made from one of his baseball gloves.
3.What does the underlined word “cowhide” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Medicine.　　　　B.Baseball.
C.Glove. D.Leather.
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.The author feels depressed.
B.The author is confident of his future.
C.The author cherishes his past experience.
D.The author feels tired of the life in the hospital.
Passage 2
What should we get for our kids this holiday As children get older, giving them something they can experience instead of material things makes them happier, according to a new research led by Chaplin.
The research compares the level of happiness children get from material things with that from experiences. The results shows that children aged 3 through 12 get more happiness from material things than from experiences. However, older children get more happiness from experiences than from their possessions.
“It means experiences are highly preferred by adolescents, not just expensive material things,” Chaplin says. She continues explaining,“Don’t get me wrong. Young children do love experiences. And given this concept, theme parks such as Disneyland are being built everywhere. In fact, young children are excited throughout the experience. However, for experiences to provide lasting happiness, children must be able to recall details of the events.”
Long after they have unwrapped their toys, there will still be a physical reminder to give them happiness. However, young children can’t see or touch experiences after they are over, making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a long time. There’s an easy fix, though, according to Chaplin.
“Take pictures or videos of family walks, playing in the snow, and birthday parties,” she says.“Children are likely to appreciate those experiences more if there is something to remind them of the event. Additionally, they’ll be able to learn the social value of shared experiences.”
Children will remember and appreciate not only the birthday gifts they received, but also the time spent with family and friends as they recall the experience through concrete reminders such as photos and videos.
Since memory is developed over time, it’s likely that children, especially young ones, may not get as much happiness from past experiences as from possessions. But with age, creating new memories and exploring new interests may be far more valuable than getting possessions.
5.Why are theme parks springing up according to Chaplin
A.They can offer children lasting happiness.
B.Events in them are centred on specific themes.
C.Direct involvement in events there caters to children.
D.Kids have an affection for the atmosphere they offer.
6.The underlined word “fix” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by “　　　”.
A.solution B.arrangement
C.preparation D.focus
7.Which of the following would Chaplin probably agree with
A.Videos appeal to children more than gifts.
B.Toys are not kids’ cup of tea.
C.Older children value family time more than younger ones.
D.Physical reminders help remember past experiences better.
8.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Experiences are better gifts for older children.
B.Social values should be put in the first place.
C.New interests are most precious for children.
D.Material possessions bring more happiness to children.
Passage 3
With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists(计量学家) worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon
The Moon doesn’t currently have an independent time. Each lunar mission uses its own timescale to coordinated universal time, or UTC—the standard against which the earth’s clocks are set. The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.
The most pressing need for lunar time comes from plans to create a dedicated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for the Moon. To tackle this problem, representatives of space agencies and academic organizations worldwide met in November 2022 to start drafting recommendations on how to define lunar time.
Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.
Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve installing at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s natural pace, and whose output is combined by an algorithm(算法) to generate a more accurate ‘virtual’ timepiece.
What happens then depends on which option metrologists choose. They might decide to base lunar time on UTC.The alternative would be to use the synthesized(同步) output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC.That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.
Setting lunar time is part of a much bigger picture. It will one day work for the more-distant planets that space agencies are ultimately targeting, such as Mars.
9.What’s the main idea of paragraph 2
A.The working principle of UTC.
B.The achievements of space mission.
C.The urgency to develop satellite navigation.
D.The problem of current lunar timing method.
10.What is the major barrier to defining lunar time
A.Lack of professional guidance.
B.The disagreement among metrologists.
C.Different gravitational pull on the Moon.
D.The complexity of installing master clocks.
11.What’s the advantage of defining the Moon’s independent time
A.Keeping the clocks on the Moon corresponding.
B.Preventing spacecraft losing connection with the Earth.
C.Helping humans land on the more-distant planets.
D.Making it easier to synchronize with UTC all the time.
12.What’s the best title of the text
A.What Time Is It on the Moon
B.When will Man Settle on the Moon
C.Lunar exploration: A Career Bound to Revive
D.GNSS: A More Precise Lunar Tracking System
Passage 4
Neuroscientists(神经科学家) now know that brain maturation(成熟) occurs far later than previously thought. Great changes in brain are still taking place during young adulthood, especially in the regions that are important for planning ahead, expecting the future results of one’s decisions, and comparing risk and reward. Indeed, some brain regions do not reach full maturity until the early 20s. Should this new knowledge make us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and adults
Maybe. But it’s not as simple as it seems for two reasons.
First, different brain regions mature along with different timetables. There is no single age at which the adolescent brain becomes an adult brain. Systems responsible for logical reasoning mature when people are 16, but those involved in self-regulation are still developing in young adulthood. This is why 16-year-olds are just as capable as adults when it comes to permitting informed medical papers, but are still immature in ways that reduce their criminal responsibility, as the Supreme Court has noted in several recent cases. Using different ages for different legal boundaries seems strange, but it would make neuroscientific sense if we did it reasonably.
Second, science has never had much influence on these decisions. If it did, we wouldn’t have lived in a society that allows teenagers to drive before they can buy beer. Age boundaries are drawn mainly for political reasons, not scientific ones. It’s a pity that Neuroscience won’t have much of an impact on politics although it is always correct.
Children are so changeable in their growth and how cultures understand child development is so different. It is pointless to try to determine the “right” age of maturation. The Dutch, for example, allow children to drink alcohol at the age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19. Even if I firmly believe legal decisions should refer to Neuroscience seriously and it’s a good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US, I recognize that the government might never accept it.
13.What can we learn about brain maturation according to the passage
A.All the brain areas become mature at the same time.
B.Scientists’ brain matures much earlier than politicians’.
C.The region in charge of logical reasoning isn’t mature until 18.
D.The time of brain maturation is not as early as thought before.
14.What is the author’s attitude towards Neuroscience
A.Favorable.　　　　B.Skeptical.
C.Indifferent. D.Intolerant.
15.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.It’s illegal for a Dutch boy to drive at the age of 16.
B.The culture of the Dutch is much better than that of the USA.
C.It’s of great value to determine the right age of maturation.
D.The influence of science on law and policy making is very big.
16.What could be the best title for the passage
A.Should Children Learn from Capable Adults
B.Can Neuroscience Create Mature Scientists
C.Should Neuroscience Affect Law Decisions
D.Can Children Drive and Drink Beer Like Adults
Passage 5
A new study looks at how pets provide important support through petting, cuddles(拥抱), and a frequent physical presence. This is especially key when people feel lonely.
The researchers interviewed 32 people aged 59 to 83. Pets included dogs, cats, birds, etc. More than 90% of the people spoke about touch in the relationship with their pets.“Participants often described touch-based interactions with their pets as being comforting or relaxing in a way that contributed to their overall well-being,” the researchers say.“For our participants, comfort is the sense of being somehow cared for by another being.”
Many people in the study spoke about how their pets just seemed to “know” when they weren’t feeling well and they’d move to get physically near them. Different pets were better at providing comfort, some participants insisted. Many said cats were more relaxing than dogs, while others said dogs could be relaxing as long as they were “the right kind of dog”. But almost all pets provided some sort of comfort to their owners when it came to touch.
Janette Young, lecturer in health sciences at the University of South Australia, and her team uncovered an interesting thing about the pet-human relationship. People in the study often spoke about how their animals demanded to be petted or seemed to take joy in the interaction. This, in turn, made the humans feel good.
The researchers suggest that pets can be “helpful in reducing touch deprivation(匮乏)” and the benefits can come from all kinds of pets. This connection can be particularly important in health care and senior care settings where patients and workers are less likely to be able to see friends and family; yet touch is important and can improve health and happiness.
Pets can also offer benefits that in some cases people can’t offer.“Relationships with pets are different to those with humans,” Young says.“Animals don’t judge and are always with us.”
17.About what did some participants hold different opinions
A.What pets were better at providing comfort.
B.Whether pets could make them feel relaxed.
C.How they felt when their pets touched them.
D.When pets could notice their owners’ discomfort.
18.What did Janette Young find about the pet-human relationship
A.It is full of judgments.
B.It turns out temporary.
C.It benefits both parties.
D.It is determined by pets.
19.What may researchers suggest hospitals do
A.Encourage pet connection programmes.
B.Raise pets to reduce human touch.
C.Select the best pet companions.
D.Order workers’ friends to pay visits.
20.What is the main idea of the text
A.Humans need spiritual support.
B.Pet-human interactions are common.
C.Lonely people like living with pets.
D.Pets offer humans touch-based comfort.
Passage 6
When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer than pollinating(授粉), making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive(刺激) to do so.”
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees.“This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals(哺乳动物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study’s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings.“They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more,” she says.
21.What is the new finding about bees
A.They are fond of having fun.
B.They are faithful to the queen.
C.They are adaptable to changes.
D.They are skilled at rolling balls.
22.How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment
A.By teaching bees new tricks.
B.By rewarding bees with food.
C.By making bees feel at home.
D.By building new homes for bees.
23.What are Lars Chittka’s words mainly about
A.The forms of bees’ interaction.
B.The complexity of bees’ minds.
C.The examples of mammals’ play.
D.The purpose of mammals’ enjoyment.
24.What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result
A.It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B.It reveals reasons for bees’ positive feelings.
C.It drives research on animals’ emotional state.
D.It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己生病住院期间, 在最难熬的日子里回忆起了很多过去的时光并对未来充满了希望。
1.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “Ithadbeenfourdaysofdoctorsgivingbadnews,medicineinjections,procedures,MRIsandrestlessnights.” 可知, 作者的状况不好, 这让他的妈妈非常担心。故选C项。
2.A　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “Inthefibresoftheleatherweresomanymemoriesthathadtransformedmeasaperson.” 可知, 因为钥匙链承载着很多回忆, 因此作者很珍惜它。故选A项。
3.D　解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段的 “Irubbedmyfingersupanddownjustfeelingthisreminderofthegame.IttookmeonawildroadtripthroughmybrainandIwouldstopateachbaseballmemory.” 可知,cowhide指第二段首句 “Igrabbedmykeysandtouchedasmoothpieceofleather.” 中提到的leather。故选D项。
4.B　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Evenintoughtimesthethingsandpeopleyoulovecouldhelpyouescapeandyouwouldgetoverallthedifficulties.” 可知, 作者对未来很有信心。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明, 随着孩子年龄的增长, 给他们一些可以体验的东西比给他们物质的东西可以使孩子们更快乐。
5.C　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “Itmeansexperiencesarehighlypreferredbyadolescents,notjustexpensivematerialthings,...Andgiventhisconcept,themeparkssuchasDisneylandarebeingbuilteverywhere.Infact,youngchildrenareexcitedthroughouttheexperience.” 可知, 参与活动更能迎合孩子的喜好, 这正是主题公园兴起的原因。故选C项。
6.A　解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句 “However,youngchildrencan’tseeortouchexperiencesaftertheyareover,makingitharderforthemtoappreciateexperiencesafteralongtime.” 可知, 画线词 fix应为 “解决方法” 之意。故选A项。
7.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知, 孩子能通过有形的事情, 比如照片和视频, 更好地回忆过去的美好。故选D项。
8.A　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “Aschildrengetolder,givingthemsomethingtheycanexperienceinsteadofmaterialthingsmakesthemhappier...” 可知, 给孩子们一些可以体验的东西, 会让他们更快乐; 再根据第二段中的 “However,olderchildrengetmorehappinessfromexperiencesthanfromtheirpossessions.” 可知, 年龄稍大的孩子从经历中获得的快乐比从他们拥有的东西中获得的多。由此可推断, 经历对年长的孩子来说是更好的礼物。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是设定月球时间的必要性、面临的挑战, 以及设定月球时间的方案。
9.D　解析 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions,butitwillbeaproblemwhentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswillalsowanttotrackthemusingsatellitenavigation,whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.”可知, 当多个飞船共同工作时, 当前的月球计时方法就会出现问题, 而且航天机构依赖精确的时间来跟踪飞船, 这时月球计时会产生很多问题。因此本段介绍当前月球计时方法存在的问题。故选D项。
10.C　解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clockstickslowerinstrongergravitationalfields.TheMoon’sgravitationalpullisweakerthanEarth’s,meaningalunarclockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.”可知, 设定月球时间的障碍是月球上的引力。故选C项。
11.A　解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ThealternativewouldbetousethesynthesizedoutputofthelunaratomicclocksastheMoon’sownindependent,continuoustime,andtotrackitsrelationshiptoUTC.Thatway,eveniftheconnectionwithEarthislost,clocksontheMoonwillstillagreewitheachother,allowingsafenavigationandcommunications.”可知, 设定月球独立的时间后, 即使失去与地球的联系, 月球上的时间也可以始终保持一致。故选A项。
12.A　解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Withlunarexplorationrocketing,itposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisafundamentalquestionmetrologistsworldwideareworkingtoanswer:whattimeisitontheMoon ”及下文中分析设定月球时间的必要性、面临的挑战及方案可知, 本文主要是围绕着设定独立月球时间展开, 因此A项“月球上几点了 ”与主题内容吻合。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要议论了神经科学家对人类大脑的成熟有了新的认知, 即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些这一认知是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限, 即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定。但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单, 由此文章解释了两个原因, 对该问题进行了否定回答。
13.D　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Neuroscientistsnowknowthatbrainmaturationoccursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.”可知, 大脑成熟的时间并不像以前想象的那么早。故选D项。
14.A　解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It’sapitythatNeurosciencewon’thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.”以及最后一段中的“EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit’sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS”可知, 作者认为神经科学给出的结论是正确的, 只是它没有受到政治的关注, 未对政治产生重大影响。由此推断作者对神经科学持有的是支持的态度。故选A项。
15.A　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.”可知, 荷兰是允许16岁的孩子喝酒的, 但是19岁才能开车, 所以19岁以下开车是违法的。故选A项。
16.C　解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Neuroscientistsnowknowthatbrainmaturationoccursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.”“Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults ”以及第二段“Maybe.Butit’snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.”可知, 本文主要议论了神经科学家对人类大脑的成熟有了新的认知, 即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些这一认知是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限, 即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定。但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单, 对此文章解释了两个原因, 对该问题进行了否定回答。故C选项“ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions (神经科学会影响法律决策吗 )”符合文章标题。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项着眼于宠物如何通过爱抚、拥抱和亲身陪伴来为人类提供安慰的新研究。
17.A　解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Differentpetswerebetteratprovidingcomfort,someparticipantsinsisted.Manysaidcatsweremorerelaxingthandogs,whileotherssaiddogscouldberelaxingaslongastheywere ‘therightkindofdog’.” 可知, 有些研究对象对于哪种宠物更擅长提供安慰有不同的看法。故选A项。
18.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “Peopleinthestudyoftenspokeabouthowtheiranimalsdemandedtobepettedorseemedtotakejoyintheinteraction.This,inturn,madethehumansfeelgood.” 可知, 宠物和人类都能从彼此的互动中得到快乐。由此可推断, 宠物和人的关系可以给双方带来益处。故选C项。
19.A　解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “Thisconnectioncanbeparticularlyimportantinhealthcareandseniorcaresettingswherepatientsandworkersarelesslikelytobeabletoseefriendsandfamily;yettouchisimportantandcanimprovehealthandhappiness.” 可推知, 研究人员可能会建议医院鼓励与宠物建立联系的项目。故选A项。
20.D　解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的 “Anewstudylooksathowpetsprovideimportantsupportthroughpetting,cuddles,andafrequentphysicalpresence.” 并结合全文理解可知, 本文主要介绍宠物可以通过肢体接触给人类带来安慰。故选D项。
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果表明昆虫的思维比人类想象的复杂。这项研究对于保护昆虫有很大的作用。
21.A　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thehard-workinginsectscanchangetheirbehaviorwhenthingsseemdifficult,andnowsomescientistsfindthereisproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.”可知, 新的研究表明蜜蜂喜欢玩耍。故选A项。
22.C　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientistsmadesurethebeeshadadaptedtotheirnewhomeandthattheirenvironmentwasstress-free.”可推知, 为了消除外部因素, 他们让蜜蜂适应新家, 让他们有了家的感觉, 从而对环境感觉不到压力。故选C项。
23.B　解析 细节理解题。根据第四段 LarsChittka说的话“Thisresearchprovidesastrongindicationthatinsectmindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanweimagine.Therearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeofenjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmammalsandbirds”可知,LarsChittka的话表明了昆虫的思维非常复杂。故选B项。
24.D　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段SamadiGalpay所说的话“Thisfindinghaseffectsonourunderstandingofthesenseandwelfareofinsects,which,consequently,encouragesustorespectandprotectwildlifeonEarthevermore.”可知, 该研究结果有助于保护地球上的野生动物。故选D项。