湖南省2024年英语中考第二轮专题复习7.专题七 动词与动词短语课件(共30张PPT)

(共30张PPT)
专题七 动词与动词短语
2024湖南
——英语
知识导图
语法突破 精讲精练
Challenge yourself
判断下列各小题中画线单词是否为动词,正确的填“T”,错误的填“F”。
( )1.I know you’re worried,but you need to calm down.
( ) 2.This examination is a real challenge.
( ) 3.I viewed her as my best friend,but she lied to me.
( ) 4.Amy lifted her arm to wave.“Goodbye,” she called.
( ) 5.I had a long chat with her.
动词一般分为实义动词、助动词、系动词和情态动词。其中实义动词是主要考查点。(情态动词在下一专题进行讲解。)
T
F
T
T
F
知识点1
动词的基本形式
基础题
1.(2023·葫芦岛改编)The boys _____________(talk) about the exciting soccer
game when the teacher came in.
2.(2023·兰州)We had a school trip last month and I _________(enjoy) every
minute of it.
3.(2023·大庆)Now a great number of people enjoy ___________(drink) tea.
were talking
enjoyed
drinking
4.(2023·鄂州改编)—What do you think of Ezhou,Li Ming
—It ____________(change) a lot since we started to build Huahu Airport.
5.(2023·永州)A journey of a thousand li _________(begin) with a single step.
has changed
begins
易错题
6.My brother _________(make) many American friends since he _____(come)
here.
7.Pay no attention to those who laugh at you.What _________(matter) is how
you see yourself.
8.Tom said he had never been there,but he was _______(lie).
has made
came
matters
lying
1.形容词的用法
形式 构成 例句
动词原形
第三人称单数形式 在动词原形后加-s run—_______
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词,在词尾加-es teach—_________
finish—_________
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es study—_________
carry—__________
runs
teaches
finishes
studies
carries
现在分词 在动词原形后加-ing read—________
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing live—_________
take—_________
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing sit—_________
run—__________
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing die—_______
lie—________
reading
living
taking
sitting
running
dying
lying
过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 在动词原形后加-ed work—________
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed worry—_________
cry—_________
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop—_________
plan—__________
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—_______
practice—___________
worked
worried
cried
stopped
planned
lived
practiced
知识点2
实义动词与助动词的用法
基础题
1.(2023·苏州改编)The whole town is _____________(celebrate) the opening
of the new bridge with a huge party.
2.(2023·通辽改编)It _________(be) two years since the Whites came to China.
3.(2023·威海)After the meal,I asked Grand?dad,“______you _______(use)
photos on social media to choose your food next time you eat out ”
celebrating
has been
Will
use
4.(2023·枣庄)It _____________(report) that there were over 100,000 people on Mount Tai on May 1st,2023.
5.(2023·常德)—What’s your prediction about the future
—I think there _________(be) less pollution.
was reported
will be
易错题
6.In England,tea __________appear until around 1660.
7.You _________catch the first bus unless you leave now.
8.I don’t have a basketball,but my friend David_______.
didn’t
won’t
does
1.实义动词
实义动词本身含有实际意义,表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语。
其分类及用法如下：
分类 用法 例句
按句法功能分 及物 动词 本身意义不完整,需要接_______才能使意义完整 Please open the window.
请打开窗户。
不及物 动词 本身意义完整,无需接宾语。若不及物动词要接宾语,其后需加适当的_______ He works hard.他努力工作。
I like listening to music.
我喜欢听音乐。
宾语
介词
按动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短分 延续性 动词 表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,keep,sleep,live等,可以与表示时间段的状语(for+时间段,since+时间点,since从句)连用 I have lived here for five years.
我在这儿住了五年了。
______动词 也称瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,动作发生后立即结束,如：open,die,begin,finish,come,borrow,lend,buy等,不能与表示时间段的状语连用 I borrowed a book from the library.我从图书馆借了一本书。
非延续性
2.助动词
助动词不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词(主要是实义动词)一起构成谓语,表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式。常见助动词有be,do,have,will/shall等,具体用法如下：
助动词 功能 例句
be 构成现在进行时：_________+现在分词 I am listening to music.我正在听音乐。
构成过去进行时：_________+现在分词 I was taking a shower at 8:00 last night.昨晚八点我正在洗澡。
构成一般将来时：am/is/are+going to+动词原形 They are going to have a trip next month.下个月他们将要去旅行。
构成被动语态：be(am/is/are/was/were)+过去分词 Many trees are planted every year.
每年种植很多树。
am/is/are
was/were
do 构成疑问句、否定句[一般现在时中用do,does(单三式),一般过去时中用did] Do you like reading 你喜欢阅读吗？
He didn’t go to school yesterday.
他昨天没有去上学。
构成否定祈使句：_________+动词原形 Don’t arrive late for class.
上课不要迟到。
have 构成现在完成时：_________+过去分词 I have taught English in the school for three years.
我已在这所学校教了三年英语了。
构成一般将来时:___________+动词原形 She will go to Beijing next Monday.
下周一她将去北京。
Don’t
have/has
will/shall
◆助动词在省略句中的运用为了避免重复,一些句子常常省略(前面提到过的)谓语动词,而用相应的助动词代替此谓语动词,助动词要与句子的人称、时态一致。这种用法也常用于一般疑问句的简略回答中。如：
She won’t go there,but I will(=but I will go there).
［用助动词will代替will go there］
—Do you have a pen
—Yes,I do(=I have a pen).
［用助动词do代替have a pen］
知识点3
系动词的用法
基础题
1.(2023·宜宾)School gardening _____(be) now very popular.
2.(2023·孝感改编)—Daniel,try this straw?berry cake.
—It _______(taste)delicious.I’s like to have some more.
3.(2023·临沂)Suddenly,the dogs became _________(silence) and ran around
with their noses to the ground.
is
tastes
silent
4.(2023·乐山)When the Shenzhou 16 sent our astronauts into space,we
Chinese people felt so _________(自豪的).
5.(2023·牡丹江改编)—Your skirt ________so special.
—Oh yes,it’s very popular these days.It’s a horse?face skirt.
proud
looks
易错题
6.The meat on the table smells _______(bad/badly).Throw it away.
7.The children all looked ________at the broken model plane and felt quite
________(sad/sadly).
8.These oranges look nice,but _______very sour.
bad
sadly
sad
taste
系动词用于连接主语和表语,表示主语的身份、性质和状态等。系动词不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟形容词、名词或介词短语等作表语。英语中常见的系动词有：
常用系动词 词义 例句
be 是 I’m a girl with short hair.我是一名短发女孩。
become 变得 Huang Lei become interested in Engling.黄磊变得对英语产生了兴趣。
turn The leaves are turning yellow.树叶正在变黄。
get The weather is getting bad.天气正变得糟糕。
sound _________ The plan sounds good.这个计划听起来不错。
smell _________ The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
taste _________ The soup tastes delicious.这汤尝起来很美味。
look _________ My mother looks very young.我的妈妈看起来很年轻。
feel 感到,摸起来 The coat feels very soft.这件外套摸起来很柔软。
Stay 保持 The shop stays open till 8:00 p.m.这家商店一直开到晚上八点。
keep The girl keeps silent all the time.这个女孩一直保持沉默。
听起来
闻起来
尝起来
看起来
知识点4
动词短语
基础题
1.(2023·牡丹江改编)—Rex,guess what Born to Fly (《长空之王》) ______
_____(上映) last week.
—Yes.It shows the dangers and risks that the pilots face.
2.(2023·株洲改编)My parents are happy that I often look _____my little sister
at home.
came
out
after
3.(2023·云南改编)It’s a good habit to turn ______the lights when you leave
a room.
4.(2023·滨州改编)—Do you know the astronaut Wang Yaping
—Sure.She is a great woman who can _________(坚持) her dreams.
I really look up to her.
5.(2023·长春改编)我的朋友总能想起好主意来解决他的问题。
My friend can always _________________good ideas to solve his
problems.
off
stick to
come up with
易错题
6.—What does your uncle look______
—He is really tall.
7.Lisa decided to give these old toys ______to the poor children.
8.If you meet some new words,you can look ______up in a dictionary.
like
away
them
动词短语是指动词跟介词或副词等构成的固定短语。常见分类有：
类型 位置 示例
动词+介词 宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面 arrive at/in 到达,get to_________,
ask for请求,come from来自,
_________嘲笑,listen to听,
look after照顾,wait for________
到达
laugh at
等待
动词+副词 宾语为代词(宾格)时,只能位于动词和副词之间；宾语为名词时,位于副词前后均可 find out查明, _________放弃,
_________推迟,turn on打开,
think over___________
动词+副词+介词宾语 (名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面 come up with想出,
______________________期待,
get on/along with_________________,
__________________远离
give up
put off
仔细考虑
look forward to
与……和睦相处
keep away from
动词+名词+介词 名词之前可加形容词来修饰,宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面 ___________________和……交朋友,
make use of_________,
pay attention to注意,
take part in_________,
take care of照顾
make friends with
利用
参加