湖南省2024年英语中考第二轮专题复习14.专题十四 连词与从句课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
专题十四 连词与从句
2024湖南
——英语
知识导图
语法突破 精讲精练
Challenge yourself
判断下列句子是哪种复合句,并列复合句,宾语从句,状语从句还是定语从句。
1.Mr.Smith has helped me a lot,but I’m thankful to him.( )
2.You will fail your math test unless you work hard.( )
3.The Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
(　　　　　　　　)
4.Mary has learned a lot about the history of Hunan so that she can be a tour guide.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　　　　)
5.I wasn’t sure what to write for my school project,so I asked my Dad what I should
　do.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　　　　)
并列复合句
状语从句
定语从句
状语从句
宾语从句
知识点1
连词
基础题
1.(2023·扬州改编)Everyone will have to get out of their houses _______ meet
their neighbours.
2.(2023·云南改编)He has failed many times,______ he never loses heart.
3.(2023·黑龙江)Have a try,______ you will never know what you can achieve.
and
but
or
4.(2021·绥化改编)You don’t need to take any cash(现金)when shopping.You
may pay by ________ Alipay(支付宝) ______ WeChat(微信).
5.(2021·南通改编)Life is like a one-way race,_____ treasure every moment as
time cannot be won again.
either
or
so
易错题
6.—Mary doesn’t like fish _______ chicken.
—Ben doesn’t like fish,_______ he likes chicken very much.
7.People in some countries waste water ________ people in others don’t have
enough to drink.
8.—There’re more and more foreigners living in China.
—That’s true. _________ the delicious food but also the safe environment is
their favorite.
or
but
while
Not only
用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的词叫连词。连词属于虚词，在句中不能单独使用，连词按其性质可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
1.并列连词
并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词（如and，but，or，so等），可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词（短语）用法如下：
关系 连词（短语） 意义 例句 说明
并 列 关 系 and 和；又 She is kind and patient. 她既友好又有耐心。 表并列，and前后的词意义相近，否定句中用____
然后 He came in and took off his coat. 他进来然后脱掉外套。 表示动作先后
那么 Be careful，and you will make fewer mistakes.细心点，你就会少犯错误。 ______________
________（表结果）
or
祈使句+and+
陈述句
关系 连词（短语） 意义 例句 说明
并 列 关 系 both … and … 两者都 Both Linda and Amy like reading.琳达和埃米都喜欢阅读。 连接并列主语时，谓语动词用______
_______
neither … nor … 既不…… 也不…… Mr.Gao neither drinks nor smokes.高先生既不喝酒也不抽烟。 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“_________”
not only … but also … 不但…… 而且…… Not only he but also I am excited about the news.不但他而且我也对这个消息感到兴奋。
复数
形式
就近原则
因果 关系 so 因此； 所以 He was ill，so he didn’t go to school.他生病了，因此没有去上学。 不能与because同时使用
转 折 关 系 but 但是 The man is poor，but he is happy. 这个人很穷，但他很快乐。 不能与（al）though同时使用
while 然而 I like red while she likes blue. 我喜欢红色而她喜欢蓝色。 强调对比关系
选 择 关 系 or 或者 Who is taller，Sam or John 谁更高，萨姆还是约翰？ 表示选择
否则； 要不然 Study hard，or you’ll fail the exam. 努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 _________________（表结果）
either … or … 或者…… 或者…… Either milk or coffee is OK. 牛奶或咖啡都可以。 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“_________”
祈使句+or+陈述句
就近原则
2.从属连词
从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句（if，whether）和状语从句（如when，because，until等）。
常见从属连词用法见以下知识点2宾语从句和知识点3状语从句的讲解。
知识点2
宾语从句
基础题
1.(2023·凉山改编)— Excuse me,do you know ____ there will be another bus
The bus has just left.
— Yes.The next bus will arrive in half an hour.
2.(2023·武汉改编)This famous saying “When I walk along with two
others,they may serve me as my teachers” tells us ______ we can learn from.
if
what
3.(2023·扬州改编)—I’m wondering ____I can buy the air ticket at a low price.
—You can book one through our official APP.
4.(2023·齐齐哈尔改编)—Excuse me,could you tell me __________ Huaxing
Middle School is —You can take the No.28 bus there.It’s about 20 minutes’
ride.
how
how far
易错题
5.(2022·荆州改编)—I am worried about __________ I can enter a good high
school or not.
—Work hard and trust yourself.
6.(2023·绥化改编)I don’t know ____ it will be sunny tomorrow._____ it is
sunny,I will go fishing.
whether
if
If
7.—Uncle Hu,could you tell me how soon Frank ____________ (come) back
from France
—In a week.
8.It would be great if you can tell me how long the couple _____________
__________(marry).
will come
have been
married
引导词 作用 例句
———— 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略 He said （that） Kate was good at swimming.
他说凯特擅长游泳。
————— 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.
他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。
在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其结构是：主句+引导词+从句。学习时要掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词、语序、时态。
1.引导词
that
if/whether
what，which，who，whose，whom 连接代词，在从句中充当一定的成分（作主语、宾语、定语等） I don’t know what they are going to do.
我不知道他们将要做什么。
when，where， why，how 连接副词，在从句中通常作状语 Could you tell me where you are going
你能告诉我你要去哪儿吗？
2.语序
宾语从句要用陈述句语序：主语+谓语+其他。如：
Do you know where the nearest hotel is 你知道最近的旅馆在哪里吗？
时态规律 例句
主句为一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，根据实际情况使用相应的时态 I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
主句为（一般）过去时，宾语从句只能使用过去的某种时态 Kate asked what Tom was doing then.
凯特问汤姆那时正在做什么。
从句表示的是客观事实、真理等，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，用一般现在时 Mr.Gao told us that light travels faster than sound.
高老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
3.时态
主现从不限，主过从必过，真理终用现。
1.宾语从句中的否定转移
当主语为第一人称，谓语动词为think，believe，suppose等时，宾语从句中的否定要转移到主句中来。如：
I don’t think he will win.我认为他不会赢。
2.宾语从句的简化
当主句的谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等，且后跟双宾语，从句主语和句子间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。此结构中的疑问词包括what，which，how，when，where等。如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the station
=Could you tell me how to get to the station
3.在以Could you 开头的复合句中，could通常不表示过去时态，仅表示委婉语气，从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。如：
Could you tell me where Helen lives 你能告诉我海伦住在哪里吗？
Could you tell me where you went last weekend 你能告诉我上周末你去了哪里吗？
知识点3
状语从句
基础题
1.(2023·泸州改编)—Mum is too busy to make dinner for us.
—Let’s do it ourselves,__________ we shouldn’tdepend on our parents too
much.
2.(2023·成都改编)___ you treat others with your heart,you will get friendship
in return.
because
If
3.(2023·福建改编)_________________ David has failed many times,he is
always full of hope for the future.
4.(2022·安徽改编)You won’t fully experience the culture of a foreign country
_______ you go there in person.
5.(2022·成都改编)Mary has learned a lot about the history of Sichuan ______
she can be a tour guide.
Though/Although
unless
so that
6.(2022·长春改编)I didn’t understand my mom’s love ________we had a long
talk.
7.(2022·重庆改编)They have been friends ______ they first met.
8.(2022·岳阳改编)I will return it to the library ______________ I finish
reading Little Women.
until
since
as soon as
易错题
9.(2022·贵州毕节)Unless the weather ___________(improve),we _________
(have) to cancel the outdoor picnic.
10.—___________ you have your health,nothing else matters.
—I can’t agree with you more.
improves
will have
As long as
类型 引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when，while，as，before，after，since， ______… until …，as soon_____ I was watching TV while my mom was cooking.
我看电视的时候，我妈妈在做饭。
条件状语从句 _____，as long as，unless We will go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain.
如果不下雨，我们就去野餐。
在复合句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句。根据其表达的意思可分为时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、地点、方式等类型。具体用法如下：
not
as
if
原因状语从句 _________，as，since Since we have got ready for it，let’s set off.
既然我们做好了准备，那就出发吧。
目的状语从句 ________，in order that He got up early so that he could catch his train.
他为了赶上火车起得很早。
结果状语从句 so/such … that … It is such a h0eavy box that I can’t carry it.
这个盒子如此重以至于我搬不动它。
让步状语从句 _________，although，even if/though，whatever，whenever … He often helps others though he is not rich.
尽管他不富裕，但他经常帮助别人。
because
so that
though
比较状语从句 than，as … as …，not as/so … as … He ran as fast as Jim.他跑得和吉姆一样快。
地点状语从句 where，wherever Bob would like to go wherever he likes.
鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。
方式状语从句 as，as if/though You speak as if you had really been there.
你讲得好像你真的去过那儿一样。
1.在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来（“____________” ）。如：
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。
2.so… that… 与such… that… 的区别
（讲解详见七下Units 9—12 知识点2）
主将从现
知识点4
定语从句
基础题
1.(2023·岳阳改编)Lei Feng is a great person __________ sets a good example
to us.
2.(2023·吉林改编)The students are reading books ___________ are full of the
“red spirit” these days.
3.(2023·台湾改编)Scott wasn’t sure if the young woman before him was the
one _______ pulled him out of a car on fire.
who/that
which/that
who
易错题
4.Becky found the information about the famous scientists ___________ you
can use for the speech.
5.(2023·牡丹江改编)If we study hard with big dreams,there is nothing ______
can’t be achieved.
6.Confucius was a famous philosopher __________ wise sayings have affected
many people in different countries.
which/that
that
whose
在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。定语从句常用关系代词（who，whom，whose，which，that）和关系副词（when，where，why）来引导，它们位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系词常有三个作用：①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。关系代词的基本用法如下：
关系代词 在从句中的成分 先行词 例句
that 主语、宾语、表语 ________ The watch （that） my father bought was made in Shanghai.
我爸爸买的那块表是上海制造的。
who 主语、宾语、表语人 ________ Do you know the teacher who wears glasses
你知道戴眼镜的那位老师吗？
人，物
人
whom 宾语 ________ The boy （whom） my mother is talking to is my cousin.
我妈妈正与之交谈的那个男孩是我的堂兄。
which 主语、宾语、表语物 _______ I like music （which） I can sing along with.
我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。
whose 定语 ________ The little girl whose hair is curly won the first prize.
那个卷发小女孩赢得了第一名。
人
物
人，物