外研版（）2019）高一英语必修第三册Unit 6 单元话题阅读理解练习（有答案解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（）2019）高一英语必修第三册Unit 6 单元话题阅读理解练习（有答案解析） |  | |
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Unit 6 Disaster and Hope
单元话题阅读理解练习
（2022秋·湖北鄂州·高一校联考期中）This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, problems with transportation, and food price increases. The effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for years.
From Africa to Europe to the US to China, record temperatures and low rainfall have been causing problems. Droughts aren’t new, but Earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.
The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious situation. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. Now the area, which includes Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, is suffering from its worst drought in 40 years.
Almost two-thirds of Europe is threatened (威胁) by what may be the worst drought there in 500 years. With temperatures reaching 40℃ and hotter, many crops have been damaged. In France, Spain, Portugal, and even Britain, firefighters have struggled to control wildfires.
In the US, many states that use water from the Colorado River are struggling with low water levels. Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard. In California water use is being limited now and farmers aren’t able to grow as many crops. That can drive up food prices, and that affects everyone.
China is facing similar problems. It has been attacked by a terrible drought this summer, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China’s longest river. That has cut the amount of energy produced by the world’s largest dam by 40%.
There are no easy solutions for any of these droughts. It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control. For now, governments and people will need to carefully manage water supplies and other resources to limit the damage as much as possible.
1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Problems. B．Droughts.
C．The effects of the droughts. D．Earth’s rising temperatures.
2．What make farmers in California grow fewer crops
A．Wildfires. B．Food prices.
C．Water limits. D．High water levels.
3．How does the author develop the text
A．By giving some examples. B．By offering some reasons.
C．By answering some questions. D．By explaining some puzzles.
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．The Reasons Behind Worldwide Droughts
B．The Effects of Extreme Heat and Droughts
C．Droughts Cause Problems Around the World
D．Solutions Are Needed for Worldwide Droughts
（2023春·高一单元测试）Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts(蝗虫) that are travelling across the continent eating everything in their path.
And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. “We think this idea will get more people to take part in the war on the locusts,” said Abdoulaye Ba, from Sud-FM, a radio station in one of Senegal’s worst affected areas.
This is West Africa’s biggest locust disaster in 15 years, and it is moving east, causing huge damage to crops. As they move they produce young and increase their number and will soon threaten(威胁) Sudan in the northeast of Africa. Some say it could reach Asia.
Experts say the harmful effect on crops in areas already suffering from food shortage and war could cause many people to go hungry. Governments in the areas are not well equipped to fight the pest.
Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. “We are now treating 6, 000 hectares(公顷) per day with pesticide(杀虫剂), but we need to treat 20, 000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,” said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, director of locust control in Mauritania.
“Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the disaster,” the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations warned.
5．By using “dark cloud” to describe locusts in the first paragraph, the author of the article __________.
A．showed the relationship between rain and the locusts
B．suggested the great damage locusts have caused in the world
C．warned that locusts would sweep the continent like rain clouds
D．showed the large number of the locusts
6．What is the passage mainly about
A．Africans united effort in fighting a disaster.
B．The difficulty in controlling locusts.
C．How locusts caused great damage to West Africa.
D．A struggle to fight against a disaster brought by locusts in West Africa.
7．The locust disaster _________.
A．would be even more serious in Asia
B．is out of control
C．affected only the warning areas
D．cannot be stopped unless twice as much pesticide is provided for the affected areas
8．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．Sud-FM offered a reward for fighting locusts so that more people would join in the effort.
B．Senegal is to the west of Sudan.
C．The locusts can cause such damage mainly because they have no natural enemy in West Africa.
D．12 countries affected by locusts have agreed on a plan.
（2023春·四川资阳·高一统考期末）Canada’s western provinces are being hit hard by wildfires. Alberta has been hit especially hard. Heavy smoke from the fires has spread far beyond the region.
Alberta has been fighting wildfires for several weeks. Nearby British Columbia and Saskatchewan have also been seriously hit by wildfires. So far, the wildfires in Alberta have burned 8,420 square kilometers of land. Currently, 77 wildfires are still burning in Alberta, and 23 of the fires are considered out of control. That’s better than last week. In British Columbia, 89 fires are burning, and 22 are out of control. In British Columbia, about 1,350 square kilometers of land have been burned. Around 2,500 fire fighters have been working to bring the fires under control.
In Alberta, the wildfires have made over 29,000 people homeless. People have also been forced to evacuate in British Columbia and Saskatchewan. The fires have created so much smoke that it can be seen from space. The air quality across northwest Canada has been described as Very High Risk. The smoke is even affecting the air quality in several states in the United States. The wildfires have also caused problems for a number of oil and gas companies in Canada. Alberta is famous for producing oil and gas. Many oil companies have been forced to shut down.
Wildfires aren’t unusual in western Canada. But generally, the wildfire season begins later in the year. The early fires this year have been made much worse by extremely hot and dry weather. For most of May, a
high-pressure weather system has been bringing record temperatures to the area. Many locations in Alberta have never seen higher temperatures than they have this year. The high temperature in Alberta on Sunday was 32.8℃.
9．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the wildfires
A．What they have caused. B．How they are getting along.
C．Where they are happening. D．Who are putting them down.
10．What does the underlined word “evacuate” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Wait patiently. B．Go on working. C．Fight back bravely. D．Leave their homes.
11．How does the author find this year’s wildfires in western Canada
A．They are worth arguing. B．They are not serious.
C．They are understandable. D．They happen normally.
12．Where is this text most likely from
A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A novel. D．A newspaper.
（2023春·云南迪庆·高一统考期末）A very dangerous situation happened in California last week. More than 12 wildfires broke out in the state. Most of them began on October 8, in Northern California. They grew rapidly. The fires were made bigger by winds of up to 50 miles per hour and dry air in the area.
At least 20 people have been killed, the state government said. About 200 have been injured. At least 3,500 homes and businesses have been destroyed. About 50,000 people have been required to escape. Many left in a hurry, without time to take their personal things.“All the good stuff(东西)—I’m never going to see it again,”Jeff Okrepkie said. He escaped from his Santa Rosa home. It was destroyed soon after he left.
The fires burned through parts of eight counties(郡，县). These include Sonoma and Napa. The areas are important to California’s economy(经济). They are home to many of the state’s vineyards(葡萄园)and wineries(酿酒厂). In 2016, California’s wineries made more than $57 billion.
October is when wildfires usually produce the most ruins in California. But it is unusual for so many fires to start at once. Up to now, the government has not given a cause for any of the fires, many of which were still burning.
13．Why did the fires grow quickly
A．High-speed wind and dry air.
B．12 fires happened at the same time
C．The state government didn’t do anything
D．Most of the fires began in October.
14．How many people have to leave their homes
A．20. B．200. C．3,500. D．50,000.
15．What made California’s economy worse
A．Homes have been destroyed.
B．Many people have been injured.
C．People have to leave their homes
D．Wineries have been burned.
16．What is the reason of the fires
A．The high-speed wind and dry air
B．The reason is not explained
C．October produces the most ruins
D．Many fires started at once
（2023春·四川凉山·高一统考期末）Earthquakes are common natural disasters. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary.
Some experts believe that when you feel the ground is shaking, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. Most earthquake injuries are the result of being hit by something falling on you. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stay near buildings, trees or power lines. Many people think that in case of an earthquake, they should “get under something” like a doorway or desk, in order to avoid being hurt by falling objects. Rescue experts now say this is the wrong thing to do. For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道，走道) next to their desks.
So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it. This also holds true if you are in a hotel room, especially at night. Get off the bed, and lie down next to it.
In San Francisco’s 1989 earthquake, the upper freeway fell on the lower one. People who drove along were crushed in their cars. But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars. Yes, their cars were crushed, but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and wait a rescue.
Doorways and stairways are very unsafe. Stay away from those.
What can we do to keep ourselves safe Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.
17．Which word can replace the underlined word “crushed” in Paragraph 2
A．hidden B．protected C．caught D．killed
18．How can we probably get a narrow escape from an earthquake
A．Lie down under a table or desk.
B．Shout out loudly and ask for help.
C．Run out of the house and stay under a big tree.
D．Lie down next to a strong piece of furniture or a car.
19．What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage
A．Keep calm. B．Drop down.
C．Get under buildings. D．Stay near trees.
20．What is the best title of the text
A．Right Earthquake Survival Tips B．The New Idea of the Rescue Experts
C．Great Damages Caused by Earthquake D．A Common Natural Disaster-earthquake
（2023春·云南红河·高一统考期末）What is the most shocking about the heatwave affecting the Pacific Northwest is not that it has hit a usually mild area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度). In Portland, Oregon, temperature reached 46.6℃(116°F) — making it one of several cities in the region where former records have been beaten by a full 5℃(9°F). At the same time, heatwaves are also hitting central Europe and even Siberia.
Heatwaves may become headlines, but less attention is paid to them. In 2018 about 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, mainly in India, a 54% increase since 2000, according to a report in the Lancet, a medical journal. The report also shows that, unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures or widespread damage to belongings. It is a silent killer. As many as 70,000 people died due to a heatwave in Europe in 2003.
Heat also kills by worsening health conditions such as heart problems, so not all the deaths it causes may be directly attributed (归因) to it. Climate change will make heatwaves more common and more extreme. Even if greenhouse-gas emissions (排放) are cut to zero by the middle of this century, temperatures will go on rising for decades. So other measures are needed to protect people against extreme heat.
Governments can set up early warning systems to alarm health workers, shut down schools and stop outdoor activities. They can provide the public with forecasts of coming heatwaves, explanations of the dangers and detailed advice on what to do. Improved facilities can also help. This includes providing shaded areas, water parks
and “misting stations” to help people cool down, and get to airconditioned “cooling centers” where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary.
The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now. There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects.
21．What shocks us most about the heatwave in the Pacific Northwest
A．It has stricken a usually mild area.
B．It hits central Europe except Siberia.
C．Many temperature records are being broken.
D．Many records are being broken by large margins.
22．What can we learn from the report in the Lancer
A．People have paid much attention to heatwaves.
B．Heat doesn’t cause widespread damage to belongings.
C．The damage of heat is as obvious as storms and floods.
D．About 300,000 middle-aged people died from extreme heat.
23．What can governments do to protect people against heatwaves
A．Provide some cool places. B．Build nursing homes.
C．Organize outdoor activities. D．Shelter the homeless.
24．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Improving Public Facilities B．Taking Heatwaves Seriously
C．Preventing Natural Disasters D．Reducing Greenhouse-gas Emission
（2022秋·四川遂宁·高一射洪中学校考阶段练习）Have you ever imagined what will happen in the ocean when an earthquake happens underground If you’ve ever felt a big earthquake or seen one on television, you know that it has the power to shake the ground and move large buildings. When a great earthquake happens under the ocean floor, the earthquake’s large energy is transferred (转移) to the water above it, creating a series of water waves called a tsunami (海啸). The word comes from the Japanese words tsu (harbor) and nami (wave).
Normal ocean waves have an average wavelength (波长) of about 100 meters and an average height of about 2 meters, while a tsunami can have a wavelength of 193 kilometers or more. Travelling at up to about 800 kilometers per hour in the deep ocean, a tsunami might be at a height of as little as 0.9 meters, which makes it almost impossible to be noticed, even for a ship in the area.
As a tsunami approaches (靠近) a coastline, things begin to change greatly. As it approaches shallow (浅的)
waters, the wave speed drops below about 80 kilometers per hour. The wavelength also decreases much, but amplitude—the height of the wave—increases greatly, leading to the huge wall of water along coastlines, which causes great damage to coastal areas.
About 80% of tsunamis happen in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis cannot be prevented, but areas that experience tsunamis regularly have developed tsunami warning systems to give as much advance warning as possible to people who live along the coastline. For example, there are tsunami warning signs and warning sirens (警报器) on the top of nearby hills along Japanese coastlines. And many Japanese coastal communities have built tsunami walls, floodgates and others to stop or change the direction of water from incoming tsunamis.
25．According to the passage, tsunamis are hard to find mainly because of ________.
A．their low sound B．their low height
C．their fast speed D．their short wavelength
26．What does the underlined word “decreases” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Changes. B．Develops. C．Reduces. D．Produces.
27．The last paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．how to study tsunamis
B．where tsunamis always happen
C．what tsunami warning systems include
D．how to reduce damages caused by tsunamis
28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The word “tsunami” comes from Japanese.
B．An earthquake is sure to cause a tsunami.
C．About 80 percent of tsunamis happen in Japan.
D．Tsunamis can be stopped by warning systems.
（2023春·云南保山·高一校联考期末）Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes.
However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that
these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms. As it turns out, quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently, Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”
29．What do we know about earthquake forecasting
A．Scientists have been passionate about accurately predicting earthquakes.
B．As long as enough data is collected, earthquakes can be predicted.
C．Mathematical models of motion can simulate and predict earthquakes.
D．Scientists have not yet fully studied the structure of earthquakes.
30．How did Pherecydes successfully predict earthquakes
A．By seismic and remote-sensing methods.
B．By observing unusual natural phenomena.
C．By living in seismic zones throughout the year.
D．By looking into data on the early warning signs.
31．What was Bruneau’s opinion about the current methods of earthquake prediction
A．He strongly believed the Terra Seismic can solve the difficult problem.
B．He was sure that humans could accurately predict earthquakes in the future.
C．He considered it harmless to humans for an earthquake deeper than 40km.
D．He thought that scientists had no reliable method to predict earthquakes.
32．Which question does this article focus on
A．Why do humans predict earthquakes
B．How to protect oneself during an earthquake
C．What methods can be used to forecast earthquakes
D．When to achieve accurate earthquake forecasting
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了干旱正在导致各种严重的问题，包括粮食和能源短缺、交通问题和粮食价格上涨等。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Droughts aren’t new, but Earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.(干旱并不是什么新鲜事，但全球变暖导致的地球温度上升使得它们更难避免)”可知，干旱不是新鲜事，而地球温度上升使得干旱更难避免，them指代上文提及的droughts。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“In California water use is being limited now and farmers aren’t able to grow as many crops.(在加利福尼亚州，现在用水受到限制，农民无法种植那么多作物)”可知，在美国加利福尼亚，农民之所以种植的农作物减少，是因为该州实行了限水政策。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Now the area, which includes Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, is suffering from its worst drought in 40 years.(现在，包括埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和索马里在内的该地区正遭受40年来最严重的干旱)、第四段“In France, Spain, Portugal, and even Britain, firefighters have struggled to control wildfires.(在法国、西班牙、葡萄牙，甚至英国，消防员都在努力控制野火)”、第五段“In the US, many states that use water from the Colorado River are struggling with low water levels. Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard.(在美国，许多使用科罗拉多河的州都在与低水位作斗争。加利福尼亚州和亚利桑那州的农民受到的打击尤其严重)”以及第六段“The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China’s longest river.(干旱使中国最长的河流长江的大部分水干涸)”可知，作者通过举例的方式，列举了各个国家遇到的问题，来说明高温和干旱在全球范围的严重性。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, problems with transportation, and food price increases.(今年夏天给世界各地带来了高温和干旱。干旱导致了严重的问题，包括粮食和能源短缺、运输问题和粮食价格上涨)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了干旱正在给世界各国带来各种严重的问题，所以“干旱在世界各地引发问题”可以作为文章标题。故选C。
5．D 6．D 7．B 8．C
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍非洲部分地区的蝗虫灾的情况。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living
cloud made of billions of locusts(蝗虫) that are travelling across the continent eating everything in their path. (非洲部分地区被乌云笼罩。但这不是雨云。这是一团由数十亿只蝗虫组成的活云，它们正在穿越大陆，吃掉沿途的一切)”推知，作者用乌云来描述蝗虫是指蝗虫数量太多。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. (现在，在阻止这场灾难的战斗中，西非塞内加尔的一家广播电台向听众提供了50公斤大米，如果他们能捕捉并杀死50公斤蝗虫的话)”，倒数第二段的“Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. “We are now treating 6, 000 hectares(公顷) per day with pesticide(杀虫剂), but we need to treat 20, 000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,” said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, director of locust control in Mauritania. (尽管12个国家的领导人已经就一项计划达成一致，但预计这还不够。毛里塔尼亚蝗虫防治主任Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah说：“我们现在每天用杀虫剂处理6000公顷，但为了控制这场灾难，我们需要每天处理20000公顷。”)和最后一段““Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the disaster,” the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations warned.( 联合国粮食及农业组织警告说：“正在请求国际援助，这是限制灾难的唯一途径。”)”可知，文章主要讲述人们和蝗虫的对抗。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段“Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. “We are now treating 6, 000 hectares(公顷) per day with pesticide(杀虫剂), but we need to treat 20, 000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,” said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, director of locust control in Mauritania. (尽管12个国家的领导人已经就一项计划达成一致，但预计这还不够。毛里塔尼亚蝗虫防治主任Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah说：“我们现在每天用杀虫剂处理6000公顷，但为了控制这场灾难，我们需要每天处理20000公顷。”)”和最后一段““Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the disaster,” the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations warned.( 联合国粮食及农业组织警告说：“正在请求国际援助，这是限制灾难的唯一途径。”)”推知，蝗虫灾已经控制不住了。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. “We think this idea will get more people to take part in the war on the locusts,” said Abdoulaye Ba, from Sud-FM, a radio station in one of Senegal’s worst affected areas. (现在，在阻止这场灾难的战斗中，西非塞内加尔的一家广播电台向听众提供了50公斤大米，如果他们能捕捉并杀死50公斤蝗虫的话。塞内加尔受灾最严重地区之一的Sud FM广播电台的Abdoulaye Ba说：“我们认为这一想法将让更多的人参加抗击蝗虫的战争。”)”可知，塞内加尔广播
电台为抗击蝗虫提供奖励，以便更多的人加入这项工作。所以选项A是正确的；根据第二段“And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. (现在，在阻止这场灾难的战斗中，西非塞内加尔的一家广播电台向听众提供了50公斤大米，如果他们能捕捉并杀死50公斤蝗虫的话。)”和第三段“As they move they produce young and increase their number and will soon threaten(威胁) Sudan in the northeast of Africa. (随着它们的迁移，它们产生了幼崽并增加了数量，很快就会威胁到非洲东北部的苏丹。)”可知，塞内加尔在苏丹的西边。所以选项B是正确的；根据第五段“Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. (尽管12个国家的领导人已经就一项计划达成一致，但预计这还不够。)”可知，12个国家的领导人已经就一项计划达成一致。所以选项D是正确的；文章中没有提到C选项的信息，需要C是错误的。故选C。
9．A 10．D 11．A 12．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了加拿大西部省份遭受严重野火的情况。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“So far, the wildfires in Alberta have burned 8,420 square kilometers of land. Currently, 77 wildfires are still burning in Alberta, and 23 of the fires are considered out of control. That’s better than last week. In British Columbia, 89 fires are burning, and 22 are out of control. In British Columbia, about 1, 350 square kilometers of land have been burned.”（到目前为止，艾伯塔省的野火已经烧毁了8,420平方公里的土地。目前，阿尔伯塔省仍有77处野火在燃烧，其中23处被认为已经失控。这比上周好多了。在不列颠哥伦比亚省，89起火灾正在燃烧，其中22起已经失控。在不列颠哥伦比亚省，大约1350平方公里的土地被烧毁。）可知，第二段主要讲述的是野火造成的后果。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In Alberta, the wildfires have made over 29, 000 people homeless.”（在阿尔伯塔省，野火已经使29,000多人无家可归。）以及划线单词句中“People have also been forced to…”（人们也被迫……）可推知，此处为不列颠哥伦比亚省和萨斯喀彻温省的居民也被迫撤离。故可猜测，划线单词evacuate为“撤离”的意思，结合选项D项Leave their homes（离开家园）意思一致。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wildfires aren’t unusual in western Canada. But generally, the wildfire season begins later in the year. The early fires this year have been made much worse by extremely hot and dry weather.”（野火在加拿大西部并不罕见。但一般来说，野火季节在一年中晚些时候开始。今年早些时候的火灾由于极端炎热和干燥的天气而变得更加严重。）可推知，作者认为野火季节一般在晚些时候开始，因此判断他觉得这是值得争议的。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。通读全文内容，以及第一段“Canada’s western provinces are being hit hard by wildfires.
Alberta has been hit especially hard. Heavy smoke from the fires has spread far beyond the region.”（加拿大西部省份正遭受野火的严重袭击。阿尔伯塔省受到的打击尤其严重。大火产生的浓烟已经蔓延到该地区以外的地方。）可知短文主要讲述了加拿大西部省份遭受严重野火的情况。由此可推知，这篇文章可能来自一份报纸的新闻报道。故选D项。
13．A 14．D 15．D 16．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章对上周在加州北部发生的大火进行了报道。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“The fires were made bigger by winds of up to 50 miles per hour and dry air in the area.( 高达每小时50英里的风速和该地区的干燥空气使大火变得更大。)”可知火因为大风和干燥的空气导致变大，故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“About 50,000 people have been required to escape.( 大约5万人被要求撤离。)”可知，50,000人被要求离开家园，故选D项。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The fires burned through parts of eight counties(郡，县). These include Sonoma and Napa. The areas are important to California’s economy(经济). They are home to many of the state’s vineyards(葡萄园)and wineries(大火烧毁了八个县的部分地区。其中包括索诺玛和纳帕。这些地区对加州的经济很重要。他们是该州许多葡萄园和酿酒厂的所在地)”可知，对加州的经济有很重要影响的葡萄园和酿酒厂被烧毁，这使得加州的经济雪上加霜，故选D项。
16．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Up to now, the government has not given a cause on for any of the fires(到目前为止，政府还没有对火灾的原因给出任何解释)”可知，火灾发生的原因并未进行解释，故选B项。
17．D 18．D 19．A 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在地震中保护自己和家人。
17．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子及下一句“ For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道，走道) next to their desks.(例如，在1985年墨西哥城地震中，他们发现学校里有数百名儿童被桌子crushed。然而，如果他们躺在桌子旁边的过道里，就有可能活下来)”可知，那些躲在课桌下的孩子被压死了，因此crushed意为“killed”，故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段“So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it(所以找一件漂亮的家具，一把椅子，一个沙发，躺下来，或者蜷缩在它旁边。倒塌的屋顶可能会压紧家具，但仍会为你在
它旁边留下生存的空间)”和倒数第三段的“Yes, their cars were crashed but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue(是的，他们的车被撞坏了，但在车的旁边有从上到下的空间供人们生存和等待救援)”可知，在一件结实的家具或一辆汽车旁边躺下可以使我们从地震中死里逃生，故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.(当面对事故时，镇定是首要也是最重要的规则)”可知，当事故发生时，你应该首先保持冷静，故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Earthquakes are common natural disasters. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary.(地震是常见的自然灾害。无论你在哪里，知道如何在地震中保护自己和家人是必要的)”结合文章主要讲的是如何在地震中保护自己和家人。可知，A选项“正确的地震求生技巧”最符合文章标题。故选A。
21．D 22．B 23．A 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极端高温天气带来的影响，并就如何应对极端高温天气提出建议。
21．细节理解题。由文第一段第一、二句“What is the most shocking about the heatwave affecting the Pacific Northwest is not that it has hit a usually mild area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度).”（热浪侵袭太平洋西北部造成的最严重的影响不仅在于它对一贯被划定为温带的地区造成了冲击，也不仅在于它正在打破许多长期以来的高温记录。而在于它正在以非常大的差距打破这些记录。）可知，最令人震惊的是许多温度记录正在被大幅度打破，故选D项。
22．细节理解题。由文第二段第三句“In 2018 about 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, mainly in India, a 54% increase since 2000, according to a report in the Lancet, a medical journal. The report also shows that, unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures or widespread damage to belongings.”（根据医学杂志《柳叶刀》的一份报告，2018年，约有30万65岁以上的人死于极端高温，主要在印度，自2000年以来增加了54%。报告还显示，与风暴和洪水不同，高温不会导致巨大的前后对比，也不会对财物造成大范围的破坏。）可知，高温不会对物品造成大面积损坏，故选B项。
23．细节理解题。由文第四段后部分“Improved facilities can also help. This includes providing shaded areas, water parks and “misting stations” to help people cool down, and get to airconditioned “cooling centers” where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary.”（改善设施也会有所帮助。这包括提供阴凉区、水上公园和“喷雾站”，帮助人们降温，并在必要时前往有空调的“冷却中心”，在那里他们可以找到住所并睡觉。）可知，政府可以为人们提供降温设施和场地，故选A项。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合末段末句“The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now. There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects.”（毫无疑问，世界现在正面临着巨大的健康挑战。没有理由忽视热浪及其影响。）可知，本文介绍了极端高温天气带来的影响并呼吁人们重视热浪问题，所以“重视热浪”是文章最佳标题，故选B项。
25．B 26．C 27．D 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地下发生地震时海洋里会发生什么现象。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Travelling at up to about 800 kilometers per hour in the deep ocean, a tsunami might be at a height of as little as 0.9 meters, which makes it almost impossible to be noticed, even for a ship in the area.(海啸在深海中以每小时800公里的速度移动，高度可能只有0.9米，这使得它几乎不可能被注意到，即使是在该地区的船只。)”可知，由于海啸的高度只有0.9米，所以很难被注意到。故选B。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文的“but amplitude—the height of the wave—increases greatly(但振幅——波的高度——会大大增加)”中的“but”可推测，划线单词和increase“增加”词义相反。选项A“Changes (改变)”；选项B“Develops. (发展)”；选项C“Reduces (减少)”；选项D“Produces (制作)”。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“About 80% of tsunamis happen in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis cannot be prevented, but areas that experience tsunamis regularly have developed tsunami warning systems to give as much advance warning as possible to people who live along the coastline. For example, there are tsunami warning signs and warning sirens (警报器) on the top of nearby hills along Japanese coastlines. And many Japanese coastal communities have built tsunami walls, floodgates and others to stop or change the direction of water from incoming tsunamis.(大约80%的海啸发生在太平洋。海啸是无法预防的，但是经常遭受海啸的地区已经开发了海啸预警系统，以便向沿海地区的居民提供尽可能多的预警。例如，在日本海岸线附近的山顶上有海啸预警标志和警报器。许多日本沿海社区已经修建了海啸墙、闸门和其他设施，以阻止或改变即将到来的海啸的水流方向。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述的是海啸是无法预防的，但是我们可以采取措施减少海啸造成的损害。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When a great earthquake happens under the ocean floor, the earthquake’s large energy is transferred (转移) to the water above it, creating a series of water waves called a tsunami (海啸). The word comes from the Japanese words tsu (harbor) and nami (wave).(当海底发生大地震时，地震的巨大能量被转移到它上面的水，产生一系列的水波，称为海啸。这个词来自日语单词tsu(港口)和nami(波浪)。)”可知，“tsunami”这个单词源自日语。故选A。
29．A 30．B 31．D 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. (地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到今天，无数科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。)”可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们一直热衷于准确预测地震。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段“The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. (大约2500年前，西罗斯的费雷西德斯成为第一个知名的预测家。他在从井中舀水时注意到通常非常清澈的水突然变得浑浊。果然，两天后发生了一次地震，使费雷西德斯成名。)”可推知，Pherecydes是通过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象预测的地震。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据第四段末“‘Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,’ Bruneau said. ‘Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.’ (Bruneau说：‘科学家们已经尝试了各种可能的方法来预测地震。’布鲁诺说。‘没有人能够破解它并做出可信的预测。’)”可推知，Bruneau认为科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D项。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes. (地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到现在，无数的科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。他们的尝试通常集中在寻找可靠的地震前兆证据上.)”可知，文章说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等，故本文的主旨是地震预报方法。故选C项。
单元话题阅读理解练习
（2022秋·湖北鄂州·高一校联考期中）This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, problems with transportation, and food price increases. The effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for years.
From Africa to Europe to the US to China, record temperatures and low rainfall have been causing problems. Droughts aren’t new, but Earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.
The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious situation. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. Now the area, which includes Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, is suffering from its worst drought in 40 years.
Almost two-thirds of Europe is threatened (威胁) by what may be the worst drought there in 500 years. With temperatures reaching 40℃ and hotter, many crops have been damaged. In France, Spain, Portugal, and even Britain, firefighters have struggled to control wildfires.
In the US, many states that use water from the Colorado River are struggling with low water levels. Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard. In California water use is being limited now and farmers aren’t able to grow as many crops. That can drive up food prices, and that affects everyone.
China is facing similar problems. It has been attacked by a terrible drought this summer, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China’s longest river. That has cut the amount of energy produced by the world’s largest dam by 40%.
There are no easy solutions for any of these droughts. It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control. For now, governments and people will need to carefully manage water supplies and other resources to limit the damage as much as possible.
1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Problems. B．Droughts.
C．The effects of the droughts. D．Earth’s rising temperatures.
2．What make farmers in California grow fewer crops
A．Wildfires. B．Food prices.
C．Water limits. D．High water levels.
3．How does the author develop the text
A．By giving some examples. B．By offering some reasons.
C．By answering some questions. D．By explaining some puzzles.
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．The Reasons Behind Worldwide Droughts
B．The Effects of Extreme Heat and Droughts
C．Droughts Cause Problems Around the World
D．Solutions Are Needed for Worldwide Droughts
（2023春·高一单元测试）Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts(蝗虫) that are travelling across the continent eating everything in their path.
And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. “We think this idea will get more people to take part in the war on the locusts,” said Abdoulaye Ba, from Sud-FM, a radio station in one of Senegal’s worst affected areas.
This is West Africa’s biggest locust disaster in 15 years, and it is moving east, causing huge damage to crops. As they move they produce young and increase their number and will soon threaten(威胁) Sudan in the northeast of Africa. Some say it could reach Asia.
Experts say the harmful effect on crops in areas already suffering from food shortage and war could cause many people to go hungry. Governments in the areas are not well equipped to fight the pest.
Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. “We are now treating 6, 000 hectares(公顷) per day with pesticide(杀虫剂), but we need to treat 20, 000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,” said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, director of locust control in Mauritania.
“Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the disaster,” the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations warned.
5．By using “dark cloud” to describe locusts in the first paragraph, the author of the article __________.
A．showed the relationship between rain and the locusts
B．suggested the great damage locusts have caused in the world
C．warned that locusts would sweep the continent like rain clouds
D．showed the large number of the locusts
6．What is the passage mainly about
A．Africans united effort in fighting a disaster.
B．The difficulty in controlling locusts.
C．How locusts caused great damage to West Africa.
D．A struggle to fight against a disaster brought by locusts in West Africa.
7．The locust disaster _________.
A．would be even more serious in Asia
B．is out of control
C．affected only the warning areas
D．cannot be stopped unless twice as much pesticide is provided for the affected areas
8．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．Sud-FM offered a reward for fighting locusts so that more people would join in the effort.
B．Senegal is to the west of Sudan.
C．The locusts can cause such damage mainly because they have no natural enemy in West Africa.
D．12 countries affected by locusts have agreed on a plan.
（2023春·四川资阳·高一统考期末）Canada’s western provinces are being hit hard by wildfires. Alberta has been hit especially hard. Heavy smoke from the fires has spread far beyond the region.
Alberta has been fighting wildfires for several weeks. Nearby British Columbia and Saskatchewan have also been seriously hit by wildfires. So far, the wildfires in Alberta have burned 8,420 square kilometers of land. Currently, 77 wildfires are still burning in Alberta, and 23 of the fires are considered out of control. That’s better than last week. In British Columbia, 89 fires are burning, and 22 are out of control. In British Columbia, about 1,350 square kilometers of land have been burned. Around 2,500 fire fighters have been working to bring the fires under control.
In Alberta, the wildfires have made over 29,000 people homeless. People have also been forced to evacuate in British Columbia and Saskatchewan. The fires have created so much smoke that it can be seen from space. The air quality across northwest Canada has been described as Very High Risk. The smoke is even affecting the air quality in several states in the United States. The wildfires have also caused problems for a number of oil and gas companies in Canada. Alberta is famous for producing oil and gas. Many oil companies have been forced to shut down.
Wildfires aren’t unusual in western Canada. But generally, the wildfire season begins later in the year. The early fires this year have been made much worse by extremely hot and dry weather. For most of May, a
high-pressure weather system has been bringing record temperatures to the area. Many locations in Alberta have never seen higher temperatures than they have this year. The high temperature in Alberta on Sunday was 32.8℃.
9．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the wildfires
A．What they have caused. B．How they are getting along.
C．Where they are happening. D．Who are putting them down.
10．What does the underlined word “evacuate” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Wait patiently. B．Go on working. C．Fight back bravely. D．Leave their homes.
11．How does the author find this year’s wildfires in western Canada
A．They are worth arguing. B．They are not serious.
C．They are understandable. D．They happen normally.
12．Where is this text most likely from
A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A novel. D．A newspaper.
（2023春·云南迪庆·高一统考期末）A very dangerous situation happened in California last week. More than 12 wildfires broke out in the state. Most of them began on October 8, in Northern California. They grew rapidly. The fires were made bigger by winds of up to 50 miles per hour and dry air in the area.
At least 20 people have been killed, the state government said. About 200 have been injured. At least 3,500 homes and businesses have been destroyed. About 50,000 people have been required to escape. Many left in a hurry, without time to take their personal things.“All the good stuff(东西)—I’m never going to see it again,”Jeff Okrepkie said. He escaped from his Santa Rosa home. It was destroyed soon after he left.
The fires burned through parts of eight counties(郡，县). These include Sonoma and Napa. The areas are important to California’s economy(经济). They are home to many of the state’s vineyards(葡萄园)and wineries(酿酒厂). In 2016, California’s wineries made more than $57 billion.
October is when wildfires usually produce the most ruins in California. But it is unusual for so many fires to start at once. Up to now, the government has not given a cause for any of the fires, many of which were still burning.
13．Why did the fires grow quickly
A．High-speed wind and dry air.
B．12 fires happened at the same time
C．The state government didn’t do anything
D．Most of the fires began in October.
14．How many people have to leave their homes
A．20. B．200. C．3,500. D．50,000.
15．What made California’s economy worse
A．Homes have been destroyed.
B．Many people have been injured.
C．People have to leave their homes
D．Wineries have been burned.
16．What is the reason of the fires
A．The high-speed wind and dry air
B．The reason is not explained
C．October produces the most ruins
D．Many fires started at once
（2023春·四川凉山·高一统考期末）Earthquakes are common natural disasters. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary.
Some experts believe that when you feel the ground is shaking, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. Most earthquake injuries are the result of being hit by something falling on you. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stay near buildings, trees or power lines. Many people think that in case of an earthquake, they should “get under something” like a doorway or desk, in order to avoid being hurt by falling objects. Rescue experts now say this is the wrong thing to do. For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道，走道) next to their desks.
So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact (压实) the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it. This also holds true if you are in a hotel room, especially at night. Get off the bed, and lie down next to it.
In San Francisco’s 1989 earthquake, the upper freeway fell on the lower one. People who drove along were crushed in their cars. But they had time to get out and lie down next to their cars. Yes, their cars were crushed, but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and wait a rescue.
Doorways and stairways are very unsafe. Stay away from those.
What can we do to keep ourselves safe Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.
17．Which word can replace the underlined word “crushed” in Paragraph 2
A．hidden B．protected C．caught D．killed
18．How can we probably get a narrow escape from an earthquake
A．Lie down under a table or desk.
B．Shout out loudly and ask for help.
C．Run out of the house and stay under a big tree.
D．Lie down next to a strong piece of furniture or a car.
19．What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage
A．Keep calm. B．Drop down.
C．Get under buildings. D．Stay near trees.
20．What is the best title of the text
A．Right Earthquake Survival Tips B．The New Idea of the Rescue Experts
C．Great Damages Caused by Earthquake D．A Common Natural Disaster-earthquake
（2023春·云南红河·高一统考期末）What is the most shocking about the heatwave affecting the Pacific Northwest is not that it has hit a usually mild area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度). In Portland, Oregon, temperature reached 46.6℃(116°F) — making it one of several cities in the region where former records have been beaten by a full 5℃(9°F). At the same time, heatwaves are also hitting central Europe and even Siberia.
Heatwaves may become headlines, but less attention is paid to them. In 2018 about 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, mainly in India, a 54% increase since 2000, according to a report in the Lancet, a medical journal. The report also shows that, unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures or widespread damage to belongings. It is a silent killer. As many as 70,000 people died due to a heatwave in Europe in 2003.
Heat also kills by worsening health conditions such as heart problems, so not all the deaths it causes may be directly attributed (归因) to it. Climate change will make heatwaves more common and more extreme. Even if greenhouse-gas emissions (排放) are cut to zero by the middle of this century, temperatures will go on rising for decades. So other measures are needed to protect people against extreme heat.
Governments can set up early warning systems to alarm health workers, shut down schools and stop outdoor activities. They can provide the public with forecasts of coming heatwaves, explanations of the dangers and detailed advice on what to do. Improved facilities can also help. This includes providing shaded areas, water parks
and “misting stations” to help people cool down, and get to airconditioned “cooling centers” where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary.
The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now. There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects.
21．What shocks us most about the heatwave in the Pacific Northwest
A．It has stricken a usually mild area.
B．It hits central Europe except Siberia.
C．Many temperature records are being broken.
D．Many records are being broken by large margins.
22．What can we learn from the report in the Lancer
A．People have paid much attention to heatwaves.
B．Heat doesn’t cause widespread damage to belongings.
C．The damage of heat is as obvious as storms and floods.
D．About 300,000 middle-aged people died from extreme heat.
23．What can governments do to protect people against heatwaves
A．Provide some cool places. B．Build nursing homes.
C．Organize outdoor activities. D．Shelter the homeless.
24．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Improving Public Facilities B．Taking Heatwaves Seriously
C．Preventing Natural Disasters D．Reducing Greenhouse-gas Emission
（2022秋·四川遂宁·高一射洪中学校考阶段练习）Have you ever imagined what will happen in the ocean when an earthquake happens underground If you’ve ever felt a big earthquake or seen one on television, you know that it has the power to shake the ground and move large buildings. When a great earthquake happens under the ocean floor, the earthquake’s large energy is transferred (转移) to the water above it, creating a series of water waves called a tsunami (海啸). The word comes from the Japanese words tsu (harbor) and nami (wave).
Normal ocean waves have an average wavelength (波长) of about 100 meters and an average height of about 2 meters, while a tsunami can have a wavelength of 193 kilometers or more. Travelling at up to about 800 kilometers per hour in the deep ocean, a tsunami might be at a height of as little as 0.9 meters, which makes it almost impossible to be noticed, even for a ship in the area.
As a tsunami approaches (靠近) a coastline, things begin to change greatly. As it approaches shallow (浅的)
waters, the wave speed drops below about 80 kilometers per hour. The wavelength also decreases much, but amplitude—the height of the wave—increases greatly, leading to the huge wall of water along coastlines, which causes great damage to coastal areas.
About 80% of tsunamis happen in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis cannot be prevented, but areas that experience tsunamis regularly have developed tsunami warning systems to give as much advance warning as possible to people who live along the coastline. For example, there are tsunami warning signs and warning sirens (警报器) on the top of nearby hills along Japanese coastlines. And many Japanese coastal communities have built tsunami walls, floodgates and others to stop or change the direction of water from incoming tsunamis.
25．According to the passage, tsunamis are hard to find mainly because of ________.
A．their low sound B．their low height
C．their fast speed D．their short wavelength
26．What does the underlined word “decreases” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Changes. B．Develops. C．Reduces. D．Produces.
27．The last paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．how to study tsunamis
B．where tsunamis always happen
C．what tsunami warning systems include
D．how to reduce damages caused by tsunamis
28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The word “tsunami” comes from Japanese.
B．An earthquake is sure to cause a tsunami.
C．About 80 percent of tsunamis happen in Japan.
D．Tsunamis can be stopped by warning systems.
（2023春·云南保山·高一校联考期末）Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes.
However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that
these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms. As it turns out, quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently, Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”
29．What do we know about earthquake forecasting
A．Scientists have been passionate about accurately predicting earthquakes.
B．As long as enough data is collected, earthquakes can be predicted.
C．Mathematical models of motion can simulate and predict earthquakes.
D．Scientists have not yet fully studied the structure of earthquakes.
30．How did Pherecydes successfully predict earthquakes
A．By seismic and remote-sensing methods.
B．By observing unusual natural phenomena.
C．By living in seismic zones throughout the year.
D．By looking into data on the early warning signs.
31．What was Bruneau’s opinion about the current methods of earthquake prediction
A．He strongly believed the Terra Seismic can solve the difficult problem.
B．He was sure that humans could accurately predict earthquakes in the future.
C．He considered it harmless to humans for an earthquake deeper than 40km.
D．He thought that scientists had no reliable method to predict earthquakes.
32．Which question does this article focus on
A．Why do humans predict earthquakes
B．How to protect oneself during an earthquake
C．What methods can be used to forecast earthquakes
D．When to achieve accurate earthquake forecasting
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了干旱正在导致各种严重的问题，包括粮食和能源短缺、交通问题和粮食价格上涨等。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Droughts aren’t new, but Earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.(干旱并不是什么新鲜事，但全球变暖导致的地球温度上升使得它们更难避免)”可知，干旱不是新鲜事，而地球温度上升使得干旱更难避免，them指代上文提及的droughts。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“In California water use is being limited now and farmers aren’t able to grow as many crops.(在加利福尼亚州，现在用水受到限制，农民无法种植那么多作物)”可知，在美国加利福尼亚，农民之所以种植的农作物减少，是因为该州实行了限水政策。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Now the area, which includes Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, is suffering from its worst drought in 40 years.(现在，包括埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和索马里在内的该地区正遭受40年来最严重的干旱)、第四段“In France, Spain, Portugal, and even Britain, firefighters have struggled to control wildfires.(在法国、西班牙、葡萄牙，甚至英国，消防员都在努力控制野火)”、第五段“In the US, many states that use water from the Colorado River are struggling with low water levels. Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard.(在美国，许多使用科罗拉多河的州都在与低水位作斗争。加利福尼亚州和亚利桑那州的农民受到的打击尤其严重)”以及第六段“The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China’s longest river.(干旱使中国最长的河流长江的大部分水干涸)”可知，作者通过举例的方式，列举了各个国家遇到的问题，来说明高温和干旱在全球范围的严重性。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, problems with transportation, and food price increases.(今年夏天给世界各地带来了高温和干旱。干旱导致了严重的问题，包括粮食和能源短缺、运输问题和粮食价格上涨)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了干旱正在给世界各国带来各种严重的问题，所以“干旱在世界各地引发问题”可以作为文章标题。故选C。
5．D 6．D 7．B 8．C
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍非洲部分地区的蝗虫灾的情况。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living
cloud made of billions of locusts(蝗虫) that are travelling across the continent eating everything in their path. (非洲部分地区被乌云笼罩。但这不是雨云。这是一团由数十亿只蝗虫组成的活云，它们正在穿越大陆，吃掉沿途的一切)”推知，作者用乌云来描述蝗虫是指蝗虫数量太多。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. (现在，在阻止这场灾难的战斗中，西非塞内加尔的一家广播电台向听众提供了50公斤大米，如果他们能捕捉并杀死50公斤蝗虫的话)”，倒数第二段的“Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. “We are now treating 6, 000 hectares(公顷) per day with pesticide(杀虫剂), but we need to treat 20, 000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,” said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, director of locust control in Mauritania. (尽管12个国家的领导人已经就一项计划达成一致，但预计这还不够。毛里塔尼亚蝗虫防治主任Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah说：“我们现在每天用杀虫剂处理6000公顷，但为了控制这场灾难，我们需要每天处理20000公顷。”)和最后一段““Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the disaster,” the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations warned.( 联合国粮食及农业组织警告说：“正在请求国际援助，这是限制灾难的唯一途径。”)”可知，文章主要讲述人们和蝗虫的对抗。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段“Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. “We are now treating 6, 000 hectares(公顷) per day with pesticide(杀虫剂), but we need to treat 20, 000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,” said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, director of locust control in Mauritania. (尽管12个国家的领导人已经就一项计划达成一致，但预计这还不够。毛里塔尼亚蝗虫防治主任Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah说：“我们现在每天用杀虫剂处理6000公顷，但为了控制这场灾难，我们需要每天处理20000公顷。”)”和最后一段““Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the disaster,” the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations warned.( 联合国粮食及农业组织警告说：“正在请求国际援助，这是限制灾难的唯一途径。”)”推知，蝗虫灾已经控制不住了。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. “We think this idea will get more people to take part in the war on the locusts,” said Abdoulaye Ba, from Sud-FM, a radio station in one of Senegal’s worst affected areas. (现在，在阻止这场灾难的战斗中，西非塞内加尔的一家广播电台向听众提供了50公斤大米，如果他们能捕捉并杀死50公斤蝗虫的话。塞内加尔受灾最严重地区之一的Sud FM广播电台的Abdoulaye Ba说：“我们认为这一想法将让更多的人参加抗击蝗虫的战争。”)”可知，塞内加尔广播
电台为抗击蝗虫提供奖励，以便更多的人加入这项工作。所以选项A是正确的；根据第二段“And now in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. (现在，在阻止这场灾难的战斗中，西非塞内加尔的一家广播电台向听众提供了50公斤大米，如果他们能捕捉并杀死50公斤蝗虫的话。)”和第三段“As they move they produce young and increase their number and will soon threaten(威胁) Sudan in the northeast of Africa. (随着它们的迁移，它们产生了幼崽并增加了数量，很快就会威胁到非洲东北部的苏丹。)”可知，塞内加尔在苏丹的西边。所以选项B是正确的；根据第五段“Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. (尽管12个国家的领导人已经就一项计划达成一致，但预计这还不够。)”可知，12个国家的领导人已经就一项计划达成一致。所以选项D是正确的；文章中没有提到C选项的信息，需要C是错误的。故选C。
9．A 10．D 11．A 12．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了加拿大西部省份遭受严重野火的情况。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“So far, the wildfires in Alberta have burned 8,420 square kilometers of land. Currently, 77 wildfires are still burning in Alberta, and 23 of the fires are considered out of control. That’s better than last week. In British Columbia, 89 fires are burning, and 22 are out of control. In British Columbia, about 1, 350 square kilometers of land have been burned.”（到目前为止，艾伯塔省的野火已经烧毁了8,420平方公里的土地。目前，阿尔伯塔省仍有77处野火在燃烧，其中23处被认为已经失控。这比上周好多了。在不列颠哥伦比亚省，89起火灾正在燃烧，其中22起已经失控。在不列颠哥伦比亚省，大约1350平方公里的土地被烧毁。）可知，第二段主要讲述的是野火造成的后果。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In Alberta, the wildfires have made over 29, 000 people homeless.”（在阿尔伯塔省，野火已经使29,000多人无家可归。）以及划线单词句中“People have also been forced to…”（人们也被迫……）可推知，此处为不列颠哥伦比亚省和萨斯喀彻温省的居民也被迫撤离。故可猜测，划线单词evacuate为“撤离”的意思，结合选项D项Leave their homes（离开家园）意思一致。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wildfires aren’t unusual in western Canada. But generally, the wildfire season begins later in the year. The early fires this year have been made much worse by extremely hot and dry weather.”（野火在加拿大西部并不罕见。但一般来说，野火季节在一年中晚些时候开始。今年早些时候的火灾由于极端炎热和干燥的天气而变得更加严重。）可推知，作者认为野火季节一般在晚些时候开始，因此判断他觉得这是值得争议的。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。通读全文内容，以及第一段“Canada’s western provinces are being hit hard by wildfires.
Alberta has been hit especially hard. Heavy smoke from the fires has spread far beyond the region.”（加拿大西部省份正遭受野火的严重袭击。阿尔伯塔省受到的打击尤其严重。大火产生的浓烟已经蔓延到该地区以外的地方。）可知短文主要讲述了加拿大西部省份遭受严重野火的情况。由此可推知，这篇文章可能来自一份报纸的新闻报道。故选D项。
13．A 14．D 15．D 16．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章对上周在加州北部发生的大火进行了报道。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“The fires were made bigger by winds of up to 50 miles per hour and dry air in the area.( 高达每小时50英里的风速和该地区的干燥空气使大火变得更大。)”可知火因为大风和干燥的空气导致变大，故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“About 50,000 people have been required to escape.( 大约5万人被要求撤离。)”可知，50,000人被要求离开家园，故选D项。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The fires burned through parts of eight counties(郡，县). These include Sonoma and Napa. The areas are important to California’s economy(经济). They are home to many of the state’s vineyards(葡萄园)and wineries(大火烧毁了八个县的部分地区。其中包括索诺玛和纳帕。这些地区对加州的经济很重要。他们是该州许多葡萄园和酿酒厂的所在地)”可知，对加州的经济有很重要影响的葡萄园和酿酒厂被烧毁，这使得加州的经济雪上加霜，故选D项。
16．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Up to now, the government has not given a cause on for any of the fires(到目前为止，政府还没有对火灾的原因给出任何解释)”可知，火灾发生的原因并未进行解释，故选B项。
17．D 18．D 19．A 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在地震中保护自己和家人。
17．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子及下一句“ For example, in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, they found hundreds of children in schools, crushed by their desks. However, they could have survived by lying in the aisle (通道，走道) next to their desks.(例如，在1985年墨西哥城地震中，他们发现学校里有数百名儿童被桌子crushed。然而，如果他们躺在桌子旁边的过道里，就有可能活下来)”可知，那些躲在课桌下的孩子被压死了，因此crushed意为“killed”，故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段“So find a nice piece of furniture, a chair, a sofa, and lie down, or curl up next to it. A falling roof may compact the furniture, but will still leave a space for you to survive next to it(所以找一件漂亮的家具，一把椅子，一个沙发，躺下来，或者蜷缩在它旁边。倒塌的屋顶可能会压紧家具，但仍会为你在
它旁边留下生存的空间)”和倒数第三段的“Yes, their cars were crashed but there was space from top to bottom next to the vehicles for people to survive and await a rescue(是的，他们的车被撞坏了，但在车的旁边有从上到下的空间供人们生存和等待救援)”可知，在一件结实的家具或一辆汽车旁边躺下可以使我们从地震中死里逃生，故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.(当面对事故时，镇定是首要也是最重要的规则)”可知，当事故发生时，你应该首先保持冷静，故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Earthquakes are common natural disasters. No matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is necessary.(地震是常见的自然灾害。无论你在哪里，知道如何在地震中保护自己和家人是必要的)”结合文章主要讲的是如何在地震中保护自己和家人。可知，A选项“正确的地震求生技巧”最符合文章标题。故选A。
21．D 22．B 23．A 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极端高温天气带来的影响，并就如何应对极端高温天气提出建议。
21．细节理解题。由文第一段第一、二句“What is the most shocking about the heatwave affecting the Pacific Northwest is not that it has hit a usually mild area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度).”（热浪侵袭太平洋西北部造成的最严重的影响不仅在于它对一贯被划定为温带的地区造成了冲击，也不仅在于它正在打破许多长期以来的高温记录。而在于它正在以非常大的差距打破这些记录。）可知，最令人震惊的是许多温度记录正在被大幅度打破，故选D项。
22．细节理解题。由文第二段第三句“In 2018 about 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, mainly in India, a 54% increase since 2000, according to a report in the Lancet, a medical journal. The report also shows that, unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures or widespread damage to belongings.”（根据医学杂志《柳叶刀》的一份报告，2018年，约有30万65岁以上的人死于极端高温，主要在印度，自2000年以来增加了54%。报告还显示，与风暴和洪水不同，高温不会导致巨大的前后对比，也不会对财物造成大范围的破坏。）可知，高温不会对物品造成大面积损坏，故选B项。
23．细节理解题。由文第四段后部分“Improved facilities can also help. This includes providing shaded areas, water parks and “misting stations” to help people cool down, and get to airconditioned “cooling centers” where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary.”（改善设施也会有所帮助。这包括提供阴凉区、水上公园和“喷雾站”，帮助人们降温，并在必要时前往有空调的“冷却中心”，在那里他们可以找到住所并睡觉。）可知，政府可以为人们提供降温设施和场地，故选A项。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合末段末句“The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now. There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects.”（毫无疑问，世界现在正面临着巨大的健康挑战。没有理由忽视热浪及其影响。）可知，本文介绍了极端高温天气带来的影响并呼吁人们重视热浪问题，所以“重视热浪”是文章最佳标题，故选B项。
25．B 26．C 27．D 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地下发生地震时海洋里会发生什么现象。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Travelling at up to about 800 kilometers per hour in the deep ocean, a tsunami might be at a height of as little as 0.9 meters, which makes it almost impossible to be noticed, even for a ship in the area.(海啸在深海中以每小时800公里的速度移动，高度可能只有0.9米，这使得它几乎不可能被注意到，即使是在该地区的船只。)”可知，由于海啸的高度只有0.9米，所以很难被注意到。故选B。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文的“but amplitude—the height of the wave—increases greatly(但振幅——波的高度——会大大增加)”中的“but”可推测，划线单词和increase“增加”词义相反。选项A“Changes (改变)”；选项B“Develops. (发展)”；选项C“Reduces (减少)”；选项D“Produces (制作)”。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“About 80% of tsunamis happen in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis cannot be prevented, but areas that experience tsunamis regularly have developed tsunami warning systems to give as much advance warning as possible to people who live along the coastline. For example, there are tsunami warning signs and warning sirens (警报器) on the top of nearby hills along Japanese coastlines. And many Japanese coastal communities have built tsunami walls, floodgates and others to stop or change the direction of water from incoming tsunamis.(大约80%的海啸发生在太平洋。海啸是无法预防的，但是经常遭受海啸的地区已经开发了海啸预警系统，以便向沿海地区的居民提供尽可能多的预警。例如，在日本海岸线附近的山顶上有海啸预警标志和警报器。许多日本沿海社区已经修建了海啸墙、闸门和其他设施，以阻止或改变即将到来的海啸的水流方向。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述的是海啸是无法预防的，但是我们可以采取措施减少海啸造成的损害。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When a great earthquake happens under the ocean floor, the earthquake’s large energy is transferred (转移) to the water above it, creating a series of water waves called a tsunami (海啸). The word comes from the Japanese words tsu (harbor) and nami (wave).(当海底发生大地震时，地震的巨大能量被转移到它上面的水，产生一系列的水波，称为海啸。这个词来自日语单词tsu(港口)和nami(波浪)。)”可知，“tsunami”这个单词源自日语。故选A。
29．A 30．B 31．D 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. (地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到今天，无数科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。)”可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们一直热衷于准确预测地震。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段“The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. (大约2500年前，西罗斯的费雷西德斯成为第一个知名的预测家。他在从井中舀水时注意到通常非常清澈的水突然变得浑浊。果然，两天后发生了一次地震，使费雷西德斯成名。)”可推知，Pherecydes是通过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象预测的地震。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据第四段末“‘Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,’ Bruneau said. ‘Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.’ (Bruneau说：‘科学家们已经尝试了各种可能的方法来预测地震。’布鲁诺说。‘没有人能够破解它并做出可信的预测。’)”可推知，Bruneau认为科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D项。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes. (地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到现在，无数的科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。他们的尝试通常集中在寻找可靠的地震前兆证据上.)”可知，文章说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等，故本文的主旨是地震预报方法。故选C项。