(共104张PPT)
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
单元核心素养
主题语境 单元语法 单元写作
人与社会——卓有成就的人物 非限制性定语从句 描写人物
语言知识 单词巧记 academic, objective, botanical, conclusion, novelist, politician, institution, consequence, remarkable 高频单词 commit, obtain, acknowledge, insist, conclusion, infer 重点短语 lead to, due to, come to power, take up a position, as though, pass away 主题语境 单元语法 单元写作
语言知识 重点句型 ①be thought to do sth. ②过去分词作后置定语 ③upon doing...一……就…… ④独立主格结构 ⑤现在分词短语在句中作状语 ⑥find＋宾语＋宾补 单元话题导读
[导语]著名法国科学家——巴斯德为拯救人们的生命做出了巨大的贡献，你想了解一下吗？请看下文。
In France, there once lived a man named Louis Pasteur, who was a doctor of science.The thing that concerned him most was the disease rabies(狂犬病)．
“I must find the rabies germs(细菌)that hide inside people and make them so sick that they die，” he thought.“Once I find them, I'll think of a way to kill them.”
Many people thought Pasteur was wasting his time.Some laughed at him and said，“You'll never do it.”
Pasteur didn't care what people thought; he believed in himself.He kept right on working.
At the same time, in Germany, a boy named Joey was about to get into trouble.He was teasing(逗弄)a dog.But this dog was sick with rabies, which made the dog mad.Unfortunately, the dog bit him.The rabies germs were passed from the dog to Joey.
Soon the little boy was very sick.His parents could only wait.But then there was news.Joey's mother saw it and shouted for joy.“A doctor of science has found a way to save sick people like Joey！”she said.The man, of course, was Louis Pasteur.Joey's parents quickly prepared Joey for the long journey to Paris.
“Dr Pasteur，”said the mother.“Our little boy is very sick.Can you help us？”
“Perhaps，”said Pasteur.“I've invented a vaccine(疫苗)．It is strong enough to kill the rabies germs.Joey will be the first person to have my rabies vaccine.”
“The first person？” asked Joey's worried father nervously.“Will it be dangerous Are you sure it will work？”
“I believe it will，” said Pasteur.
Slowly the vaccine killed more and more of the rabies germs.Joey began to get well.Dr Pasteur's vaccine was a success!
From then on no one had to be afraid of rabies anymore, and people who had laughed at him before, respected him.He is recognized as one of the world's greatest scientists.
1．What was people's first reaction toward Pasteur's thoughts on killing rabies germs？____
A．Hopeful. B．Cheerful.
C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，大家对巴斯德想要消灭狂犬病病毒的事深表怀疑，都认为他做不到。
C
2．What happened to Joey？____
A．He fought with a dog.
B．He drove a mad dog away.
C．He killed the rabies germs.
D．He got rabies unexpectedly.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He was teasing a dog.But this dog was sick with rabies...from the dog to Joey.”可知， Joey 被患有狂犬病的狗咬了，所以他也患上了狂犬病。
D
3．Which of the following words can best describe Pasteur ____
A．Confident and strong minded.
B．Careful and simple minded.
C．Selfless and humorous.
D．Proud and imaginative.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Pasteur didn't care what people thought; he believed in himself.He kept right on working.”及倒数第三段中的“‘I believe it will，’said Pasteur.”可知，巴斯德并没有在意世俗的看法，坚持己见并且他非常自信。
A
4．What does the text mainly talk about？____
A．The amazing story of Joey.
B．Pasteur's deep interest in science.
C．The first known person to survive rabies.
D．Pasteur's success in finding a treatment for rabies.
解析：主旨大意题。根据文中巴斯德下定决心研制狂犬病疫苗并最终取得成功的故事可知，该文主要讲了巴斯德在发明狂犬病疫苗方面取得的成就。
D
【技巧指导】
主旨大意题旨在考查学生把握文章中心思想的能力。本文是记叙文，而记叙文的中心思想是需要对文章内容进行概括的。本文主要讲了巴斯德研制出了狂犬疫苗，拯救了许多生命的事情，因此可以很容易地确定第4题的答案。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__________adj.至关重要的；关键性的
2．________adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
3．_________vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→____________adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→_____________n.投入，奉献；承诺，许诺，保证
4．__________n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→__________adj.学业的；学术的
crucial
vital
commit
committed
commitment
academy
academic
5．____________n.目标；目的 adj.客观的→____________adj.主观的
6．___________adj.植物学的→_________n.植物学
7．___________vt.评价；评估→_____________n.评价；评估
8．___________n.性质；特征；财产
9．__________adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→______________n.区别；特点，特性；卓著→_____________adj.与众不同的
10．__________n.提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
objective
subjective
botanical
botany
evaluate
evaluation
property
distinct
distinction
distinctive
extract
11．_______vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点→_________adj.达到沸点的；沸腾的
12．_________n.液体 adj.液体的；液态的→________n.固体 adj.牢固的，可靠的
13．_________vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
14．______________vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→__________________n.承认，确认；鸣谢
15．_________n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
boil
boiling
liquid
solid
obtain
acknowledge
acknowledgement
defeat
16．__________vt.分析→___________n.分析→___________n.[pl.]分析
17．_____________adv.显而易见；看来；显然→___________adj.显然的；表面上的
18．____________n.物质；物品；事实根据
19．_________vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
20．____________adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→____________n.科学家 →__________n.科学
21．_________adv.主要地；一般地→_______ adj.大部分；多数的
analyse
analysis
analyses
apparently
apparent
substance
insist
scientific
scientist
science
mostly
most
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．commit oneself _____ do承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．insist _____坚决要求
3．die _______死于(外因)
4．graduate _______毕业于
5．_______ the objective of...以……为目的
6．acknowledge defeat___________
7．get ________卡住；陷入
8．_____ chance偶然
9．draw ______抽出；拖延；拉长
10．________ than 除……之外
to
on
from
with
with
承认失败
stuck
by
out
other
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and _____________________ 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。
2．In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers _________.
1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
is thought to save
chosen
3．_______________ that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said...
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
Upon hearing
Ⅳ.课文预读
(Ⅰ)Reading for the main idea.
1．What's the main idea of the passage？____
A．Tu Youyou's problems in discovering artemisinin.
B．Introduction about Tu's research team.
C．Behind Tu Youyou's Nobel Prize and its value.
D．Tu Youyou's personal life.
C
2．Match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A．Tu Youyou's evaluation of the award.
Para.2 B．Tu Youyou won Nobel Prize.
Para.3 C．The introduction to Tu Youyou and her team.
Para.4 D．How artemisinin was discovered.
答案：Para.1 B Para.2 C Para.3 D Para.4 A
(Ⅱ)Reading for the details.
1．Why was Tu Youyou given the Nobel Prize in 2015？____
A．She discovered artemisinin.
B．She found the cause of getting malaria.
C．She cured 100,000 lives a year in Africa.
D．She is a committed and patient scientist.
2．When did Tu Youyou act as the head of the research team？____
A．In 1930. B．In 1955.
C．In 1967. D．In 1969.
A
D
3．What did Tu Youyou decide to turn to for a new treatment for malaria？____
A．Peking University Medical School.
B．The Chinese government.
C．Ancient Chinese medical texts.
D．A world famous research team.
C
4．How did Tu Youyou discover artemisinin？____
A．By collecting and drying the sweet wormwood leaves.
B．By boiling the fresh wormwood and getting its liquid.
C．By destroying the sweet wormwood's medical properties.
D．By extracting a substance from the sweet wormwood at a low temperature.
5．Where does this text probably come from？____
A．A TV interview. B．A medical report.
C．A book review. D．A newspaper.
D
D
课内要点探究
1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
核心单词
①(2022·北京高考)Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed.
系统思维对于实现零饥饿和更好的营养等目标至关重要，因为它需要考虑食物的生产、加工、运输和消费方式。
②(朗文当代)It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.
立即解决这个问题至关重要。
③(中国日报)2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics are an important landmark event China held at a crucial moment.
2022年冬季奥运会和残奥会是中国在关键时刻举行的重要里程碑式事件。
④(剑桥高阶)Crucially, almost 50 percent of participants felt they were more productive at work.
最关键的是，近50%的参与者感觉他们在工作中更有效率了。
G 归纳拓展
M 名师点津
It is crucial that...that引导的主语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式， should可以省略。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①It's crucial _____________(measure)inpatients' signs of life.
②(2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial _____growth.
③It's crucial _______ you keep it in your heart.
to measure
to
that
翻译句子
④Chewing properly is crucially important.
_________________________________________
⑤紧要关头他却不在那里。
_________________________________________
正确地咀嚼是至关重要的。
He wasn't there at the crucial moment.
2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
①(柯林斯词典)Tourism is vital for the Spanish economy.
旅游业对西班牙经济至关重要。
②(剑桥高阶)It is vital to get medical supplies to the area as soon as possible.
尽快向该地区运送医疗用品至关重要。
③(牛津高阶)It is vital that we act to stop the destruction of the rainforests.
至关紧要的是，我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林。
G 归纳拓展
单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Understanding history is vital _____understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
②Education is __________(vital)important for the country's future.
③Young people, full of vigour and ___________(vital), are like the sun at eight or nine in the morning.
④It is vital that human beings ___________________(obey)the rules of nature.
to
vitally
vitally
(should)obey
翻译句子
⑤面对失败，我们要有良好的心态，这很重要。
__________________________________________________________
It is vital that we(should)have a good state of mind in the face of failure.
3．commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
①(剑桥高阶)The government must commit itself to improving health care.
政府必须致力于改善医疗保健。
②(柯林斯词典)You don't have to commit to anything over the phone.
你不必通过电话承诺任何事情。
③(柯林斯词典)We made a commitment to keep working together.
我们作了承诺要继续在一起工作。
④(柯林斯词典)He said the government remained committed to peace.
他说，政府仍然致力于和平。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①He is regarded as a ____________(commit)supporter of the reform policy.
②Our company has a _____________(commit)to quality and customer service.
③He has committed himself _____ the cause of education.
committed
commitment
to
完成句子
④This development area __________________(致力于)creating a perfect investment environment.
⑤There's no doubt that her colleague __________________(犯了罪)and was put into prison.
⑥If you are serious about our relationship, you should ______________ ____________ (做出承诺)．
is committed to
committed a crime
make a
commitment
4．extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
①(牛津高阶)The following extract is taken from her new novel.
以下节选自她的新小说。
②(剑桥高阶)The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.
从橄榄中提取的油用于烹饪。
③(剑桥高阶)The tooth was eventually extracted.
这颗牙齿最终被拔掉了。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①This article is extracted _______ his new book.
②These are all ___________(extract)from the long poem.
from
extracts
翻译句子
③The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be extracted.
__________________________________________________
④She enjoys reading literary classics, making extracts as she goes along.
__________________________________________________
牙医可能决定拔掉智齿。
她热衷于读文学名著，边读边做摘记。
5．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
①(中国日报)Governments at all levels should help enterprises to obtain more orders through various online and offline channels.
各级政府要帮助企业通过各种线上线下渠道获取更多订单。
②(朗文当代)Further information can be obtained from head office.
可从总部获得进一步的信息。
③(剑桥高阶)Information on the subject is easily obtainable on the Internet.
有关这一主题的信息很容易在互联网上获得。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Some of the salt that we use is obtained _______ the sea.
②(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)For instance, the average__________ (obtain) from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average ________(obtain) from 20 independent individuals.
from
obtained
obtained
完成句子
③You should ____________________(获得允许) from the headteacher before you leave school.
④Both of these books can _____________________(从……中得到)the library.
obtain permission
be obtained from
6．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
①(中国日报)We must acknowledge the challenges when a city is locked down, as happened in Shanghai and some other cities.
我们必须承认当一个城市被封锁时所面临的挑战，就像上海和其他一些城市一样。
②(牛津高阶)It is generally acknowledged to be true.
普遍认为那是真的。
③(朗文当代)Many of the poor acknowledged him as their spiritual leader.
许多穷苦人承认他是他们的精神领袖。
④(剑桥高阶)She acknowledged having been at fault.
她承认自己有错。
⑤(中国日报)It has been widely acknowledged that these emerging pollutants are increasingly becoming a hazard.
人们普遍认为，这些新出现的污染物正日益成为一种危险物质。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①The director of the factory had to acknowledge _________________ (release)chemical waste into the river.
②These flowers are a small __________________(acknowledge)of your great kindness.
releasing
acknowledgement
一句多译
③普遍认为，她是世界上最棒的网球选手之一。
______________________________________one of the best players in the world.
④_______________________________________one of the best players in the world.
She was widely acknowledged as/to be
It was widely acknowledged that she was
7．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
①(牛津高阶)He has not yet learned how to be gracious in defeat.
他还没有学会怎样豁达大度地面对失败。
②(朗文当代)She was a woman who hated to admit defeat.
她是一个不愿承认失败的女人。
③(牛津高阶)He defeated the champion in three sets.
他三盘击败了冠军。
④(中国日报)Stefanos Tsitsipas was defeated by Danish teenager Holger Rune 7－5,3－6,6－3,6－4 earlier in the French Open.
当天早些时候，斯特凡诺斯·齐齐帕斯以7－5、3－6、6－3、6－4在法国网球公开赛上被丹麦少年霍尔格·鲁内击败。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①If you are defeated _____failures, you are a failure indeed.
②The world champion has only had two _________ (defeat)in 20 fights.
by
defeats
完成句子
③They ____________________(遭遇失败)in the battle.
④It was lack of effort, not of money, that ______________________(使他们的计划失败)．
⑤This time our team _______________(被击败)by 2 goals to 5.
suffered a defeat
defeated their plan
was defeated
8．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
①I'm afraid we have to call the whole deal off if you still insist on your original quotation.
如果你们仍然坚持原来报价，我们就只好放弃这笔交易。
②(柯林斯词典)She insisted on being present at all the interviews.
她坚持要出席所有的面试。
G 归纳拓展
M 名师点津
insist 后接 that 从句时，应分清两种情况：
(1)表示“坚决要求”“一定要”，从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事实，此时谓语通常用虚拟语气should ＋动词原形， should 可省略。相似用法的动词有：一命令(command, order)，二要求(request, require/ demand)，三建议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四主张(advocate)。
(朗文当代)He insisted I (should)take a taxi and offered to pay for it.
他坚持要我坐出租车，并主动提出他付钱。
(2)表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”，从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语一般用陈述语气，引导词 that可省略。
(朗文当代)His friends insisted he had no connection with drugs.
他的朋友坚称他与毒品无关。
易混辨析：insist on(doing)sth./stick to(doing)sth./persist in(doing)sth.
insist on (doing)sth. 坚持某种做法、意见、主张
stick to (doing)sth. 表示继续努力从事于某项工作时，后接动名词；表示坚持原则、计划、诺言、决定、真理、路线时，后多接名词
persist in (doing)sth. 指不作任何改变地坚持某事：可能是一件好事，也可能是一件坏事。常包含固执己见的意思，但也可指意志的坚定
①(柯林斯词典)I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods.
我设法坚持节食，不吃甜食。
②(牛津高阶)Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened
你何必为已发生的事没完没了地自责？
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)They simply insist __________ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
②He insisted that he _________(do)nothing wrong and _____________ (set)free.
③I suggest you_______________(take)the forms away and read them at your leisure.
④Though there was only a slim chance to win the game, all of the team members chose to stick _____the end.
on
had done
(should)be set
(should)take
to
一句多译
爸爸坚持要求我们每天至少要学一样新东西。
⑤Papa _________________________________ at least one new thing every day.(insist that)
⑥Papa __________________________ at least one new thing every day. (insist on)
insisted that we (should)learn
insisted on our learning
1．get stuck卡住；陷入；被难住
①This drawer keeps getting stuck.
这个抽屉动不动就卡住。
②The car got stuck in the mud and had to rely on horses to get rid of it.
那辆小汽车陷在了泥浆之中，不得不依靠马匹脱离困境。
必备短语
G 归纳拓展
(1)“get＋过去分词”短语
get lost 迷路 get punished 受惩罚
get divorced 离婚 get washed 洗脸
get separated 被分开 get paid 得到报酬
get dressed 穿衣服 get married 结婚
get engaged 订婚 get drunk 喝醉
(2)常用的表示“陷入……之中”的短语：be/get stuck in, be/get trapped in, be/get caught in。
M 名师点津
“get＋过去分词”强调过程或动作。“ be＋过去分词”强调既成的结果。
The vase was broken, but he wanted to know how it got broken.
花瓶碎了，但是他想知道它是怎样被打碎的。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①In April, thousands of holiday makers remained ________ (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
②(2021·3月天津卷)While rock climbing, you need to remain very __________(focus)so that you won't make any dangerous errors.
③The little girl who got _______(lose)decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.
④At first they disliked each other, but they ended up getting __________ (marry)after going through a lot together.
stuck
focused
lost
married
完成句子
⑤—Sorry I'm late. I _______________(陷入了)traffic.
—Never mind. You're here e in and sit down.
got stuck in
2．by chance偶然；碰巧
①I heard their talking by chance.
我偶然听到他们的谈话。
②I heard them having a heated argument by chance when I passed by.
我路过时碰巧听到他们在激烈地争吵。
G 归纳拓展
take a chance冒险
take one's chances 碰运气
have a chance of doing/to do sth.有机会/可能做某事
There is a chance that.../There are chances that.../Chances are that...有可能……
by accident偶然；碰巧
by design＝on purpose故意地
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①I met him _____ chance at Saint Basil's Cathedral.
②I won't take ____ chance on a July holiday in Britain—it always rains.
③He often hurts my feeling _____ design.
完成句子
④Research has confirmed that the accident happened _______________ __________(偶然)．
⑤You should never ________________________________(冒险)when driving a car.
by
a
by
by chance/by
accident
take a chance/take your chances
3．other than除……以外(通常用于否定陈述后)；绝不是
①He has visited every country in Asia other than Japan.
除了日本之外，他访问了所有的亚洲国家。
②He never speaks to me other than to ask for something.
他除了向我要东西，从不跟我说话。
G 归纳拓展
none other than...正是……
for no other reason than that只是因为
more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常
less than不足；不到；少于
rather than而不是
J 即学即练
完成句子
①By serving others, a person focuses on someone ______________(而不是)himself or herself, which can be very eye opening.
②The expert is __________________(正是)his younger brother.
rather than
none other than
辨析填空：other than/more than/less than/rather than
③The truth was known to no one _____________ herself.
④(2023·1月浙江高考卷) I'm ___________ happy to be here.
⑤In ____________ three days, she finished all the work, which surprised us greatly.
⑥(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed by hand _____________rolled.
other than
more than
less than
rather than
1．Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了十万人的性命。
重点句型
J 句型剖析
这是一个简单句。and连接两个并列的谓语has become与is thought。
be thought to do sth.被认为做某事，该句型可以转化为It is/was thought that...。本句可以转化为：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and it is thought that artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone。
①(2021·全国甲卷)Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are“really, really smart”．
六岁左右，他们开始避免那些据说是为“非常非常聪明”的孩子们准备的活动。
②(朗文当代)At 115, Mrs Jackson is believed to be the oldest person in the country.
据信，现年115岁的杰克逊夫人是美国年龄最大的人。
③(牛津高阶)The house was reported to be in excellent condition.
据报道，这所房子状况良好。
G 归纳拓展
其他“be＋过去
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2023·全国乙卷) ____ is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
②The vase on the bookshelf _____________(think)to be as old as the tree in front of the church.
③The diary tells the children and parents what is required ________ (be)done on any one evening.
It
is thought
to be
④(2023·北京卷)A person is thought ____________(develop) a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.
完成句子
⑤The mayor _________________(据报道)visit our school next week.
⑥An agreement _____________________________________(被宣布已达成)at the end of the meeting.
to develop
is reported to
was announced to have been reached
同义句转换
⑦It is thought that the Chinese people started to use paper money earlier than westerners.
→The Chinese people _______________________ to use paper money earlier than westerners.
are thought to start
2. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967年，中国政府组建了一支科学家团队，旨在发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
J 句型剖析
本句是由and连接的并列句。介词短语with the objective...for malaria作第一个分句的状语，表示目的。第二个分句中chosen 是过去分词用作后置定语，修饰the first researchers。
①The ground was covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
②The building built last year(＝which was built last year)is our classroom building.
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
G 归纳拓展
过去分词作定语 位置 功能
单个过去分词：通常作前置定语，也可作后置定语，用以强调动作 相当于一个形容词
过去分词短语：作后置定语 相当于一个定语从句
易混辨析：
现在分词作定语 表示动作正在进行 逻辑主语和现在分词构成主动
表示动作是主动的 过去分词作定语 表示动作已经完成 逻辑主语和过去分词构成被动
表示动作是被动的 单句语法填空
①Due to the admission of more students, our school needs much more ____________(qualify)teachers.
②(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks ____________(connect) to each other.
③(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)But a new study ______(lead) by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon.
qualified
connected
led
句型转换
④I'm writing to share with you the information about the speech delivered by Professor Zhang.(画线部分变为从句)
→_______________________________________________________________________________________
完成句子
⑤I was instructed to carry out a plan ___________________________ (被大多数人支持)．(分词作定语)
⑥Who were the so called guests ________________________(受邀参加你的晚会)last night？(分词作定语)
I'm writing to share with you the information about the speech which was delivered by Professor Zhang.
supported by most people
invited to your party
3.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said，“The honour is not just mine...”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不只是我的……”
J 句型剖析
upon/on (doing)．..意为“当……的时候；一……就……”，在本句中作状语，相当于when引导的时间状语从句。
①(剑桥高阶)Upon your arrival(＝As soon as you arrive), please report to the reception desk.
当你到达时，请告知接待处。
②(中国日报)Upon joining the mission, the team was prepared for any unexpected situation.
一加入任务，该小组就准备好了应付任何意外的情况。
③(牛津高阶)Hardly had we sat down, when the phone rang.
我们刚坐下，电话铃就响了。
④(剑桥高阶)Immediately she'd gone, the boys started to mess about.
她一走开，那些男孩就闹成一团。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2023·北京卷)How did the author feel ___________ seeing the email sender's name
②______ moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.
upon /on
The
句型转换
③As soon as/Once I saw my mum, I told her that I was the No.1 in the exam.
→_________________________________________________________I saw my mum, I told her that I was the No.1 in the exam.
→On/Upon _________my mum, I told her that I was the No.1 in the exam.
Immediately/Directly/Instantly/The moment/minute/second/instant
seeing
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats ________(stick)miles from the sea.
2．Some people have drawn the _________________ (conclude)from Bowlby's work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three.
3．The living room television is replaced and gets __________ (plant)in the kids' room.
4．_____________ (apparent), he was not satisfied with the result.
stuck
conclusion
planted
Apparently
5．He refused to acknowledge ________________ (defeat)in the match, but in vain.
6．_____ is acknowledged that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.
7．The results of the survey fell into ___________ groups. The old were scholars of great _____________ while the young were the opposite. (distinct)
8．That is why it is vital that we __________________ (observe) the traffic lights.
being defeated
It
distinct
distinction
(should)observe
9．It is said that the building program ________________________ (evaluate) for its usefulness and effect it would have.
10．(2021·1月浙江卷)In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries __________(study)had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
has been evaluated
studied
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．I must go. I ___________________________ the club tonight and the members are expecting me.
2．The teacher ______________ all the homework being handed in on Monday.
3．The fireman __________________ to save the baby from the burning building.
die from， be thought to， in the beginning， by chance， other than， draw out， commit oneself to， insist on， risk one's life， lead to
have committed myself to
insisted on
risked his life
4．In given conditions, a bad thing can __________ good results.
5．In a severe winter, wild animals can ___________ lack of food.
6．“No one does very well at this ___________________，”said the counselor.
7．I met a famous actor ____________ on the street.
8．He ___________ his notebook and began to take notes.
9．He ________________ be one of the richest men in Europe.
10．The truth was known to no one _____________ the police.
lead to
die from
in the beginning
by chance
drew out
is thought to
other than
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tu Youyou, a _____________(commit)and patient scientist, was born in China and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After graduation, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, she _____________(choose) by the government to join a team of scientists with the aim of discovering a new treatment ____________ malaria. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and
1.committed
2.was chosen
3.for
evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical ______________(property). From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
After a lot of failures, in 1971, Tu Youyou and her team members succeeded by using a lower temperature ___________(draw)out the extract. They even insisted on testing the medicine on ______________(they)to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. The medicine，_________ was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
4.properties
5.to draw
6.themselves
7.which
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon ___________(hear)that she had been awarded _______ Nobel Prize, she said the honour belongs to the team behind her and all the people of her country. The success _______________(prove) the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.
8.hearing
9.the
10.proves(共23张PPT)
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
单元语法精析
Grammar——非限制性定语从句
语法导图
语法讲练
非限制性定语从句
一、与限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 若去掉从句，主句意思完整
结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外
省略情况 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 所有关系词均不可省略
D 典例呈现
Self driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(限制性定语从句)
无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线上的领域。
(2021·全国乙卷)Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.(非限制性定语从句)
王峰和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的一样。
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks.(非限制性定语从句)
剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.(非限制性定语从句)
我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。
The speech (that/which)he has made today is far from his yesterday's pronouncement.(限制性定语从句)
他今天的演讲远不及他昨天发表的声明。
Ted came for the weekend wearing only a T shirt, which is a stupid thing in such weather.(非限制性定语从句)
特德穿着这样一件T恤来过周末，在这样的天气里做这件事真是愚蠢。
A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.(非限制性定语从句)
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的好印象。
J 即学即练1
用合适的引导词填空
(1)(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, ________are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
(2)The students benefitting most from college are those ______are totally engaged in academic life.
(3)Cathy, ______ you met in London while you were studying in Oxford University, is now back in China.
which
who
whom
(4)It is very important for children to have a harmonious school, ________teachers treat students like their own children.
(5)But Sarah, ______has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
(6)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s，_______I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
(7)My eldest son, ________work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
where
who
when
whose
(8)I don't know the reason ______you were absent from the meeting, and I am not sure that someone will tell me the reason _____________you haven't told me.
why
that/which
二、注意事项
1．非限制性定语从句不能用that和 why引导
D 典例呈现
The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.
这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。
I had told the manager the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.(非限制性定语从句不能用 why)
我已经把我没有参加会议的原因告诉了经理。
I had told the manager the reason why I didn't attend the meeting.(限制性定语从句中可以用why)
我已经把我没有参加会议的原因告诉了经理。
2．which 与 as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末
意思 这一点 正如……，正像……的那样
D 典例呈现
As you expected, he didn't believe me.
正如你所预料的，他不相信我。
He heard a terrible noise, which brought his heart into his mouth.
他听到一个可怕的声音，这让他的心都提到嗓子眼儿了。
3．非限制性定语从句由“介词＋关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用 which 或 whom
D 典例呈现
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.
英语是一种被好几种不同文化共同使用的语言，每一种文化使用它的方式都不同。
The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.
这个聚居地居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
J 即学即练2
用合适的引导词填空
(1)(2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, ________helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
(2)_____we have stressed many times，“serve the people”is our first policy.
(3)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, made all the others upset.
which
As
which
(4)The reason ______we didn't go was that we were notified too late.
(5)The children, all of _______had played the whole day long, were worn out.
why
whom
专项练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They have succeeded in solving many problems in accordance with the new theory, ________ is announced in today's newspaper.
2．Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _______, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
3．The two policemen were completely trusted, ________ in fact they were.
4．I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，_______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
which
who
which
when
5．Just _____ a famous saying goes, every coin has two sides.
6．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building, most of ________ hadn't been cleaned for at least one month.
7．Her father works in a factory, ________ he makes cars.
8．The old lady has two daughters, one of _______ is working abroad.
9．This is one of the reasons ______ you have to give it up.
10．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, ________ was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
as
which
where
whom
why
which
Ⅱ.用非限制性定语从句合并下列每对句子
1．I borrowed the book Jane Eyre from the library last week. My classmates recommended the book to me.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．Xi'an is one of the few cities with city walls. Its walls remain as good as before.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
I borrowed the book Jane Eyre from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.
Xi'an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city walls.
3．On an autumn afternoon, I went to a farm with my father. I learnt to plant potatoes there.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4．The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room. My brother is talking to the old man.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
On an autumn afternoon, I went to a farm with my father, where I learnt to plant potatoes.
The old man, whom my brother is talking to, saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room.
5．John invited about 40 people to his wedding. Most of them are family members.
________________________________________________________________________________
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.(共88张PPT)
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．_____________n.结论；推论→___________vt.推断出，断定；终止，结束
2．_______vi.& vt.(fled, fled)迅速离开；逃跑
3．_______________n.[usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况
4．___________n.小说家→________n.(长篇)小说
5．_______n.流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
6．________n.图表 vt.记录；制订计划
conclusion
conclude
flee
circumstance
novelist
novel
flow
chart
7．________vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→__________ n．创建者，创立者→_____________ n．地基；基础； 基本原理；根据
8．________ vt.推断；推定
9．_____________ n．从政者；政治家；政客→___________n.政治→____________ adj.政治的
10．_________ n．理论；学说
11．_____________n.相对论；相对性
12．_________ n．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
13．________adj.温柔的；文静的→_________ adv.温柔地；文静地
found
founder
foundation
infer
politician
politics
political
theory
relativity
genius
gentle
gently
14．_________ n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
15．__________ n．酷爱；激情
16．____________ n．博士学位
17．________________ adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
18．____________ adv.逐渐地；逐步地→__________ adj.逐渐的；逐步的
19．______________n.社会公共机构；制度；习俗→ ____________ n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
patent
passion
doctorate
extraordinary
gradually
gradual
institution
institute
20．______________ n．结果；后果→_____________ adj.作为结果的→_______________ adv.所以；因此
21．____________vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
22．____________ n．教授→_____________ n．职业
23．_____________ adj.非凡的；显著的→_________ vt.评论
24．_________ n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
25．______ vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和
26．________ n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟
consequence
consequent
consequently
encounter
professor
profession
remarkable
remark
device
sum
draft
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________________ (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
2．_____________流程图
3．make great contributions _____对……做出巨大贡献
4．manage ________设法做成
5．come _____ power(开始)掌权；上台
6．_____ a consequence因此，作为结果
7．take _____ a position担任职位；任职
wear and tear
flow chart
to
to do
to
as
up
8．be mistaken ______被误认为
9．pass _______去世
10．sum _____总结；概括
for
away
up
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．He made numerous contributions to the world, __________________ ___________ the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他对世界做出了很多贡献，最出名的贡献是相对论理论和著名的公式E＝mc2。
2．After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, ___________ university in 1896 and _____________ in 1900.
经过又一年的学习，他通过了考试，在1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。
the most well known
being
entering
graduating
3．Einstein, who was Jewish, _________ the doors of academic institutions _________ to him.
爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。
found
closed
Ⅳ.课文预读
阅读Reading for Writing中的材料，选择最佳答案
1．What subjects did Albert Einstein like best in middle school？____
A．Politics and geography.
B．Physics and maths.
C．English and art.
D．Chemistry and history.
B
2．When did Einstein publish four extraordinary physics papers？____
A．In 1902. B．In 1904.
C．In 1905. D．In 1906.
3．Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics？____
A．Because of his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
B．Because of his courageous and kind character.
C．Because of his strong passion for knowledge.
D．Because of his full time research at a university.
C
A
4．What happened to Einstein in 1933？____
A．He came to power in Germany.
B．He was forced to leave Germany.
C．He moved to Europe for his degree.
D．He refused to work as a researcher in the US.
B
5．Which of the following is NOT Einstein's contributions according to the text？____
A．The general theory of relativity.
B．The famous formula E＝mc2.
C．The explanation of the photoelectric effect.
D．The law of gravitation.
D
6．What is the purpose of the author in writing this text ____
A．To introduce Einstein's contributions to the world.
B．To introduce Einstein's winding life in Germany.
C．To show that Einstein is a genius in physics and maths.
D．To let the world know all about Einstein by his life and achievements.
D
课内要点探究
1．conclusion n．结论；推论
核心单词
①(剑桥高阶)Did you come to/reach/draw/arrive at any conclusions at the meeting this morning
你在今天上午的会议上得出了什么结论吗？
②(中国日报)In conclusion, only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.
总之，只有成为聪明的在线学习者，我们才能真正享受现代技术的好处。
③(朗文当代)To conclude, I'd like to express my thanks to my family.
最后，我要感谢我的家人。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①He concluded _______their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
②We can safely draw some __________________(conclude) from our discussion.
③He concluded his speech _______a famous saying：It's never too late to start.
from
conclusions
with
句型转换
④We conclude that she's a very great writer.
→We ____________________________________ that she's a very great writer.
⑤In a word, it's worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge.
→_____________________________, it's worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge.
come to/arrive at/draw/reach a conclusion
In conclusion/To conclude
2．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
①(柯林斯词典)She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip.
她明确表示，无论如何她都不会取消旅行。
②(牛津高阶)Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
③(牛津高阶)I know I can trust her in any circumstances.
我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①I know Tina will stand by me forever; I know I can trust her in ______ circumstances.
②(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular _______________(circumstance)．
③Under no circumstances ______(do)I know I would meet so many difficulties when I decided to take the job.
any
circumstances
did
翻译句子
④一般情况下，奶奶让我帮忙干点家务活，我都会说“行”。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Under normal circumstances, I would say “yes”when my grandma asks me to help with some housework.
3．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
①(柯林斯词典)We are keeping our head above water, but our cash flow position is not too good.
我们虽然还未陷入困境，但资金流转状况不太好。
②(牛津高阶)Ensure there is a free flow of air around the machine.
要确保机器周围空气畅通。
③(中国日报)In general, people enjoy their travels and goods flow smoothly.
一般来说，人们享受旅行，货物流动顺畅。
④(剑桥高阶)The river flows through three counties before flowing into the sea just south of here.
这条河流经三个县，然后在这里以南流入大海。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①She tried to stop the flow _____blood from the wound.
②Since there's nothing I can do about the problem；I might as well go _______the flow.
of
with
翻译句子
④Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.
______________________________
⑤有一条可爱的小溪穿过他们的花园。
__________________________________________________________
例子太多会使行文不流畅。
There's a lovely stream that flows through their garden.
flowing
③(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after __________(flow) through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
4．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
①(中国日报)The company was founded in 1994 as a small glassware producer with only 60 employees.
该公司成立于1994年，当时是一家小型玻璃器皿生产商，只有60名员工。
②(柯林斯词典)The village was founded by settlers from the Volga region.
来自伏尔加地区的移民建起了这个村庄。
③(柯林斯词典)His game is founded on power and determination.
他的比赛靠的是实力和毅力。
④(剑桥高阶)She is the founder and managing director of the company.
她是该公司的创始人和常务董事。
⑤(2023·全国甲卷) His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, fostering respect for authority, harmonious relationships, and the pursuit of knowledge.
他的教诲塑造了中国文化的道德和伦理基础，培养了对权威的尊重、和谐的人际关系和对知识的追求。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Their conclusions were largely founded _____guesswork.
②Adam Smith is considered one of the ___________(found)of classical economics.
③The university has been famous for medical studies ever since its _____________(found)．
易混辨析：found/find
found—founded—founded 创建
find—found—found 找到
on
founders
foundation
完成句子
④I like reading novels ___________________(依据事实创作的)．
⑤____________________________________(建于20世纪早期), the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
founded on facts
Founded in the early 20th century
5．infer vt.推断；推定
①(朗文当代)A lot can be inferred from these statistics.
从这些统计数字可以推断出很多。
②(柯林斯词典)I inferred from what she said that you had not been well.
我从她的话里推断出你身体一直不大好。
③(牛津高阶)The clear inference is that the universe is expanding.
显然结论是宇宙在扩大。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2023·全国乙卷)What can we infer _______the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
②There were two _____________(infer)to be drawn from her letter.
③I infer _______my proposal has been accepted.
翻译句子
④我从收集到的证据中推论出这个事实。
_________________________________________________________
from
inferences
that
I inferred this fact from the evidence I had gathered.
6．passion n．酷爱；激情
①(剑桥高阶)Anton has a consuming passion for science fiction.
安东对科幻小说有着强烈的热情。
②(中国日报)With great passion in the sports, the game lovers can always have their fun with fancy ideas.
凭借对体育运动的极大热情，游戏爱好者总是可以利用各种奇思妙想享受他们的乐趣。
③(牛津高阶)I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing.
我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2023·1月浙江高考卷)Her passion _________the work made Miss Johnson choose teaching as a profession.
②(2023·北京卷)You are ____________(passion) about creating positive change in your community.
③The French feel _______________(passion)about their native tongue.
for
passionate
passionately
翻译句子
④Football arouses a good deal of passion among its supporters.
_______________________________________
⑤没有热情，你将一事无成。
_______________________________________________
足球在支持者中激起了极大的热情。
Without passion, you will achieve nothing.
7．consequence n．结果；后果
①(牛津高阶)This decision could have serious consequences for the industry.
这项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。
②(牛津高阶)Two hundred people lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merger.
合并一事直接导致二百人失去了工作。
③(中国日报)He broke the law, and now he must face the consequences of his actions.
他触犯了法律，现在他必须面对自己行为的后果。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①She always missed the bus and _______________(consequent)was late for work.
②(2023·北京卷)The inability to engage with longer term causes and _______________(consequence) leads to some of the world's most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.
③Many species have died out as a consequence _____ man's activities.
consequently
consequences
of
完成句子
④She was over the age limit and, _______________________________ (因此), her application was rejected.
⑤She doesn't feel like eating anything ___________________________ _______________(因为)heavy pressure.
⑥I'm willing to take the chance and _____________________________ (承担后果)．
in consequence/as a consequence
in consequence of/as a
consequence of
suffer/take the consequences
8．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
①(2023·全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。
②(剑桥高阶)The 20th century has been remarkable for its inventions.
20世纪由于它的发明而引人瞩目。
③(柯林斯词典)Charles was brave and remarkably good humoured.
查尔斯很勇敢，脾气也好。
G 归纳拓展
T 图解助记
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①Although people sometimes buy property sight unseen, it's a _____________ (remarkable)bad idea.
②These cars are remarkable ______the quietness of their engines.
③It is quite remarkable _______ doctors have been so wrong about this.
remarkably
for
that
翻译句子
④It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a remarkable character.
__________________________________________________________
正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样卓越的人。
1．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
必备短语
①(牛津高阶)The party came to power at the last election.
这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
②(柯林斯词典)When he came to and raised his head he saw Barney.
当他苏醒过来，抬起头，他看到了巴尼。
③(剑桥高阶)The game really came to life in the second half.
比赛在下半场才真正有了生气。
④(剑桥高阶)I'm enjoying my English class, but it's about to come to an end.
我很喜欢我的英语课，但是马上就要结束了。
⑤(牛津高阶)New evidence has recently come to light.
新的证据最近已披露出来。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
用come to的相关短语填空
①When you were a child, did you ever wish that your toys could ________________
②He has ________________in difficult circumstances.
③(2023·全国甲卷)Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) _________________.
come to life
come to power
comes to an end
翻译句子
④When discussing influential modern artists, three names immediately come to mind.
________________________________________________________
⑤他上台执政后，这个国家变得越来越富裕。
__________________________________________________________
在讨论现代有影响的艺术家时，一下子有三个名字出现在脑海中。
After he came to power, the country was becoming richer.
2．take up a position 担任；任职
①(柯林斯词典)He will take up his post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month.
他将于下个月底开始担任民事法庭的庭长。
②(朗文当代)Rick took up the challenge and cycled the 250 mile route alone.
里克接受了挑战，独自骑了250英里的自行车。
③(柯林斯词典)I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time.
我知道你一定很忙，当然我不想占用你太多的时间。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
写出下列句子中 take up的含义
①A double bed took up the greater part of the room. __________
②(2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. __________
③Stephanie took up making jewelry after leaving art college this summer.____________
④Let's take up the story from where we stopped last time.__________
占据
接受
开始从事
开始从事
翻译句子
⑤Since taking up writing novels in 1967, she has brought out over fifty books.
__________________________________________________________
自1967年开始写小说起，她已经出版了50多本书了。
3．pass away去世；消逝；消失
①Last Friday, his mother passed away after a long battle with cancer.
上周五，他母亲在和癌症长久的抗争之后去世了。
②The old world is gradually passing away while the new is coming.
旧世界正在逐渐消失，新世界就要到来。
③She passed close by me without a sign of recognition.
她与我擦肩而过，却没认出我。
④Pass the book on to me when you've finished with it.
你看完那本书后请传给我。
⑤If you don't know the answer to the second question, then just pass it over.
你要是不知道第二个问题的答案，那就跳过它。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed _______through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
②(2023·全国甲卷)If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass _____without trouble.
③I was sad to learn that his mother passed _______yesterday.
down
by
away
1．He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的E＝mc2公式。
重点句型
J 句型剖析
本句中 He made numerous contributions to the world 是主句，谓语动词是 made。后面 the most well known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2是“名词＋现在分词短语”构成的独立主格结构。
①So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.(help 还未发生，故用不定式 to help)
有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
②More time given, we should have done it much better.(逻辑主语 more time和give构成被动关系，故用过去分词 given)
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
判断下面画线部分是句子还是结构
①I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry. _________
②If we don't hurry， we may miss the bus.________
③The rain having stopped， he went out for a walk. ________
结构
句子
结构
单句语法填空
④A lot of homework ________(do), the little boy was unhappy.
⑤I have received letters from so many people, all ________________ (express)their concern.
⑥Weather _____________(permit), we'll go climbing tomorrow.
⑦Roadworks ___________(finish), they went home.
to do
expressing
permitting
finished
2．After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
经过又一年的学习，他通过了考试，在1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。
J 句型剖析
entering...和graduating...是现在分词短语在句中作状语，表示结果。
①(2023·全国乙卷)Not only do they look beautiful，but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. (结果状语)
它们不仅看起来很漂亮，而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康。
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.
工作人员热情且乐于助人，在你到达时为你提供一张城市地图，如果你需要，还可以提供建议。(伴随状语)
③Being ill, she didn't go to school as usual.
因为生病，她没有像往常一样去上学。(原因状语)
G 归纳拓展
现在分词(短语)在句中作状语，还可表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
M 名师点津
不定式作结果状语时，常与only, never连用，表示一种出乎意料的结果。
(牛津高阶)She turned up the driveway, only to find her way blocked.
她开上自家车道，不料发现路已被堵。
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①___________(step)carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by a bike.
②I fell, ___________(strike)my head against the door and cutting it.
③(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, ____________(result) in a more accurate estimate.
Stepping
striking
resulting
翻译句子
④你那样不声不响地靠近，吓了我一跳！
__________________________________________________________
⑤一看到警察，他就向出口奔去。
_________________________________________________
⑥那次见面后他们分了手，从此再也没有见面。
______________________________________________________________________________
Approaching me quietly like that, you gave me such a fright！
Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit.
After that meeting, they parted (company), never to see each other anymore.
3.Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。
J 句型剖析
本句中 closed to him 是过去分词作宾语补足语。found the doors of academic institutions closed 是“find＋宾语＋宾补”的结构，在这个结构中宾语 the doors of academic institutions 和宾补 closed 构成被动关系。
①We found a thief stealing a girl's mobile phone in the street yesterday.
我们昨天在街上发现一个小偷正在偷一个女孩的手机。
②The girl found her mobile phone stolen in the street yesterday.
这个女孩昨天在街上发现她的手机被偷了。
③When she woke up, she found herself in hospital.
她醒来的时候发现自己在医院里。
④I found it a pleasure to visit the exhibition.
我很高兴参观这个展览。
G 归纳拓展
J 即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·全国卷Ⅰ)When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself ____________(wander)down to Southbank, spending hours there.
②(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)There you will find them ___________ (prepare) differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.
③With no one to turn to for help, I found myself ___________(help)．
wandering
prepared
helpless
完成句子
④Lots of senior high school students ____________________________ (发现很难起床)in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.
find it hard/difficult to get up
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．More importantly, the reform and opening up policy has brought _____________(remark)changes to China.
2．The theory of ___________________(relative)is concerned with two seemingly opposite ideas.
3．We would like to thank these ___________(found)of our library, without whose help this would not have been possible.
4．Do you have a passion ______ software development that can fully realize your potential
5．What I infer _______ your comment is that we should leave now.
remarkable
relativity
relativity
for
from
6．Now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself __________(need)a way to escape.
7．Somehow, he'd managed ______________(persuade)Kay to buy one for him.
8．Time _____________(permit), you can pay a visit to some places of interest in Hangzhou.
9．I opened the window only to find the world outside completely __________(change)．
10．It is _______(say)that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
needing
to persuade
permitting
changed
said
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．After the Nazis ________________ in Germany, many scientists left the country.
2．She worked hard at her lessons and ___________________, got high marks.
come to power， take up a position， as a consequence， mistake...for， pass away， sum up， manage to， come to a conclusion， wear and tear， under no circumstances.
came to power
as a consequence
3．I don't want this gesture to __________________ an indication that I'm impolite to you.
4．He left the career in teaching to ____________________ in an export company.
5．On hearing the news that the king _______________, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
6．The teacher told us to _________ the story in one or two sentences.
7．Though we left home very late, we _____________ catch the last bus.
be mistaken for
take up a position
passed away
sum up
managed to
8．____________________________ would we give up protecting the environment.
9．More tests should be conducted before we can________________ _____________.
10．This will keep them working properly and reduce ______________.
Under no circumstances
come to a
wear and tear
conclusion
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Albert Einstein is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, _______ made numerous contributions to the world. At 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, _______ failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam. After studying for another year, he managed ___________ (pass)the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. Later, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While
1.who
2.but
3.to pass
working there, out of a strong passion _______ knowledge, he continued to study, ___________(earn)a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, his four extraordinary physics papers __________________(publish). Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his _______________(explain)of the photoelectric effect.
4.for
5.earning
6.were published
7.explanation
When Hitler came to power in Germany, Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. ________________ (consequence), he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, finally he took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for ____________ (advance) Study in Princeton, USA.On 18 April 1955, _______ was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
8.Consequently
9.Advanced
10.it(共13张PPT)
Section Ⅳ 写作指导
写作方法指导
描写人物
【题目呈现】
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．短文题目和首句已为你写好，不计入总词数。
The Person I Admire
There are many admirable people around us.
【步骤分解】
步骤1 精准审题
本文是记叙文；主要时态是______________；人称是__________。
步骤2 构建框架
第一部分：____________________；
第二部分：_______________________；
第三部分：________________
一般现在时
第三人称
介绍敬佩的人是谁
解释敬佩他(她)的原因
再次表示敬佩
步骤3 要点翻译
(1)一个少言寡语的中年人
_________________________________
(2)为他赢得了很高的人气和良好的声誉
_________________________________________________
(3)无论我们遇到什么困难
_______________________________________
(4)毫不犹豫
_____________________
a middle aged man of few words
win him great popularity and a good reputation
whatever difficulties we come across
without hesitation
(5)帮助我们
__________________
(6)希望的灯塔
___________________
(7)正是他丰富的经验和对教学的投入，不仅让我们容易获得专业知识，而且更重要的是塑造了我们的性格。(强调句型)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(8)李先生就是这样，我对他非常尊敬。(倒装句)
_______________________________________________________
come to our aid
a beacon of hope
It is his rich experience and devotion to teachingthat not only give us easy access to professionalknowledge but most importantly shape our character.
Such is Mr Li, for whom I have the greatest respect.
步骤4 连句成文：选用下面的词语用在文章中
first, in a sense, on top of that
The Person I Admire
There are many admirable people around us.
The Person I Admire
There are many admirable people around us.I have great admiration for Mr Li, my English teacher, a middle aged man of few words.I admire him for the following reasons.
First, his helpfulness and kindness win him great popularity and a good reputation among us.Whatever difficulties we come across, he comes to our aid without hesitation.In a sense, he is virtually a beacon of hope, encouraging us never to give up.On top of that, it is his rich experience and devotion to teaching that not only give us easy access to professional knowledge but most importantly shape our character.
Such is Mr Li, for whom I have the greatest respect.
J 即学即练
假如你是李华，你的外国笔友 Lucy对中国诗人李白很感兴趣，写信向你询问该诗人的相关信息。现请你根据下面的中文材料，写一封回信，向她介绍李白。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
姓名 李白
朝代 唐朝
称号 诗仙
代表作 《静夜思》等
特点 作品浪漫，追求自由，喜爱饮酒
参考词汇：诗仙Poetic Genius；《静夜思》A Tranquil Night
参考范文：
Dear Lucy，
I'm so glad that you're interested in the Chinese poet Li Bai, and I'd love to tell you what I know about him.
Li Bai is one of the most famous poets of the Tang Dynasty.His poems are so great that he's known as the “Poetic Genius”．In addition, his poems are full of romance and imagination, such as his most famous one, A Tranquil Night.Li Bai loved freedom very much, which was reflected in his poems.What's more, he also loved to drink while he was creating poems, and it seemed that drinking was able to inspire him.
That's what I know about Li Bai.Now do you know much more about him？Yours，
Li Hua(共12张PPT)
单元评价
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__________ adj.至关重要的；关键性的
2．________ adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
3．____________ n．目标；目的____________ adj.客观的
4．___________ n．性质；特征：财产
5．_______ vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点
6．_________n.液体adj.液体的；液态的
7．_________vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
8．_________ n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜
crucial
vital
objective
objective
property
boil
liquid
obtain
obtain
9．____________ n．物质；物品；事实根据
10．_________ vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
11．_______________n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
12．_______ n．流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动
13．________ n图表vt.记录；制订计划
14．________ vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
15．________ vt.推断；推定
16．_________ n．理论；学说
17．_________n.(pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
18．_________adj.温柔的；文静的
substance
insist
circumstance
flow
chart
found
infer
theory
genius
gentle
19．_________ n．专利；专利证书；获得专利
adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
20．__________ n．酷爱；激情
21．_______________adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
22．______________ n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗
23．____________ n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
24．____________ vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
25．____________ n．教授
26．_____________ adj.非凡的；显著的
27．_________ n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
patent
passion
extraordinary
institution
institute
encounter
professor
remarkable
device
28．______ vi.总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和
29．_________ vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→____________adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→_____________n.承诺
30．___________vt.评价；评估→_____________ n．评估
31．___________ adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→______________ n．差别；区分；卓著→______________ adj.与众不同的
32．______________ vt.承认(属实；权威等)；(公开)感谢→ __________________ n．致谢；感谢
sum
commit
committed
commitment
evaluate
evaluation
distinct
distinction
distinctive
acknowledge
acknowledgement
33．___________ adj.学业的；学术的→__________n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校
34．____________ adj.植物学的→_________ n．植物学
35．__________ vt.分析→___________ n．分析
36．_____________ adv.显而易见；看来；显然→___________ adj.表面上的；显然的
37．_____________ adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→__________ n．科学
38．________ adv.主要地；一般地→_______ adj.大部分的；多数的
academic
academy
botanical
botany
analyse
analysis
apparently
apparent
scientific
science
mostly
most
39．_____________ n．结论；推论→___________ vt.& vi.结束；推断出
40．________ n．(长篇)小说→___________ n．小说家
41．____________ n．从政者；政治家；政客→___________ n．政治→___________adj.政治的
42．____________ adv.逐渐地；逐步地→__________ adj.逐渐的；逐步的
43．______________ n．结果；后果→_____________ adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→_______________ adv.因此；所以
conclusion
conclude
novel
novelist
politician
politics
political
gradually
gradual
consequence
consequent
consequently
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．____________________承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．____________坚决要求
3．________________ (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
4．_____________流程图
5．________________ (开始)掌权；上台
6．_____________________ 担任；任职
7．_________总结；概括
commit oneself to do
insist on
wear and tear
flow chart
come to power
take up a position
sum up
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．be thought to do sth.“被认为做某事”
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and _____________________ 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。
thought to save
2．过去分词作后置定语
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers _________.
1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
chosen
3．upon/on doing...“当……时；一……就……”
_______________ that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said...
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
4．独立主格结构
He made numerous contributions to the world, _____________________ ________ the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他对世界做出了很多贡献，最出名的贡献是相对论理论和著名的公式E＝mc2。
Upon hearing
the most well known
being
5．现在分词短语在句中作状语
After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, ___________ university in 1896 and _____________ in 1900.
经过又一年的学习，他通过了考试，在1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。
6．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Einstein, who was Jewish, _________ the doors of academic institutions _________ to him.
爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。
entering
graduating
found
closed
