河南省确山县第二高级中学2016届高三英语一轮复习教学案：Uint 8 Adventure
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| 名称 | 河南省确山县第二高级中学2016届高三英语一轮复习教学案：Uint 8 Adventure |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2015-11-22 09:53:34 | ||
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确山二高 高三 年级 英语 学科共案
时 间： 星 期：
主 备 人：韩晓晖 使用人：
【教学主题】Unit 8
【教学目标】
To review the useful words and phrases.
2. To let the students grasp the important points
【知识梳理】
I：①基本单词
1. _____________ n. 团体，组织，机构
2. _____________ adj. 不舒服的
3. ___________ adj. 极度的，极端的
4. ___________ adv. 确切地，精确地
5. ___________ vt. 冒……的危险
6. ___________ vt. 使困惑
7. ___________ n. 悲哀, 忧伤
8. ___________ n. 准备, 预备
9. ___________ adj. 没有希望的
10. ____________ n. 耐心，忍耐力
11. ____________ n.节目主持人
12. ____________ vt. 运转；发挥作用
13. ____________ n. 奇遇，冒险的经历
14. ____________ n. 旅行者，旅客
15. _____________ n. 目的，目标
16. major adj. _____________________
17. survival n. _____________________
18. similarity n. _____________________
19. quantity n. _________________
20. preference n. _________________
21. ambition n. _________________
22. cheerful adj. _________________
23. transport n. _________________
24. observe vt. _________________
25. maximum adj. ________________
②派生单词
1. ____________ v. 组织
____________ n. 组织；团体；机构
____________ adj. 有组织的；有条理的
2. _________ v. 安慰 n. 舒适; 安慰; 慰藉物
___________ adj. 舒服的; 安逸的
___________ adv. 舒服地; 安逸地
______________ adj. 不舒服的; 不自在的
___________ v. 使不舒服 n. 不舒适; 不快
3. ___________ vi. 不同；有异
___________ adj. 不同的
___________ adv. 不同地
___________ n. 不同之处; 差别
4. ____________ vt. 使困惑；混淆
____________ adj. 令人困惑的
____________ adj. (人感到)困惑的
____________ n. 困惑；疑惑；混乱
③短语
1. ____________ 起飞
2. ____________ 就在此刻
3. ________________ 对……感到担心/忧虑
4. ____________ (坏事)突然发生，爆发
5. __________ 继续做某事
6. __________ 出现，到场
7. __________ 坚持(某种说法)
8. ________________ 冒着……风险
9. ______________ 在途中
10. back out ___________________
11. be shocked at ___________________
12. be exhausted by ___________________
13. get across ___________________
14. be into ___________________
15. in turn __________________
16. go through with __________________
17. differ from __________________
18. put ... into prison __________________
19. be confused by __________________
④句型
1. While on a hiking trip, our cooks prepare delicious meals. (P22)
2. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. (P28)
II：核心要点
（一）词汇
1. tiring adj. 令人疲劳的(事物)
tired adj. (人感到)疲劳的；疲倦的
【拓展】
在英语中，有很多类似的形容词，以-ing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结尾的形容词主要修饰事 / 物，意为“某事 / 物令人感到……”；以-ed结尾的形容词主要修饰人，意为“某人对某事 / 物感到……”
amazing / amazed
boring / bored
confusing / confused
convincing / convinced
disappointing / disappointed
embarrassing / embarrassed
exciting / excited
fascinating / fascinated
frustrating / frustrated
interesting / interested
pleasing / pleased
relaxing / relaxed
surprising / surprised
terrifying / terrified
tiring / tired
【归纳】
be tired of = be fed up with
对……感到厌倦
be tired from 因……而疲倦
2. anxious
【归纳】
anxious是形容词，意为：①忧虑的，担 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )心的；②渴望的，急切的。常用搭配：be anxious about担心；be anxious for渴望得到；be anxious to do sth.急于/渴望做某事；be anxious that渴望（从句中常用“should +动词原形”，should可省略）。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 她很担心她的女儿很晚还没回家。
2. 我们盼望着你安全抵达的消息。
3. 她盼望他见她父亲。
参考答案： 1. She was anx ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ious about her daughter being out so late at night.
2. We were anxious for news of your safe arrival.
3. She was anxious that he should meet her father.
3. risk
【归纳】
★ 作动词时，意为“拿……冒险，冒……的险”，后接名词或动词-ing形式短语作宾语。常见搭配有：
risk one’s life to do sth. 冒生命危险做某事
risk doing 冒险做……
★ 作名词时，意为“危险，风险”。常见搭配有：
at risk 处于危险之中
at the risk of 冒……的危险
run / take the risk of 冒……的危险
risky adj. 危险的; 风险高的
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 吸烟的人都是拿健康在冒险。
2. 他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。
3. 这种疾病正在蔓延，凡是五岁以下的小孩都在危险中。
4. 他下定决心要到那儿即使冒着生命的危险。
参考答案：1. Anyone who smokes cigarettes is risking his health.
2. They knew they risked being arrested.
3. The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk.
4. He was determined to get there even at the risk of his life.
4. various
【归纳】
various是形容词，意为：①不同的，各种各样的；②具有多种特征的，多姿多彩的。
e.g. We had various problems on our journey.
The author gave various reasons for having written the book.
【拓展】variously adv. 意为“以各种方式，不同地”。
5. aim
【归纳】
★ aim作名词时，意为： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )①目标，目的（常用搭配：with the aim of以……为目标，achieve one’s aim实现某人的目标；②瞄准（常用搭配为take aim at sth.。
★ aim作动词时，意为：①目的是，旨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在（常用搭配：be aimed at doing sth., aim at doing / to do sth.）；②力求达到，力争做到（常用搭配为aim for / at sth.）；③瞄准，对准（常用搭配为aim at）；④针对，对象是（常用搭配为be aimed at）。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 目标一旦确定，我们就不应该改变它。
2. 我的评论不是针对你。
3. 这个组织旨在帮助年轻人。
参考答案：1. Once the aim is fixed, we should not change it.
2. My comment wasn’t aimed at you.
3. The organisation is aimed at helping young people.
6. worth
【归纳】
★worth可作介词或形容词，意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：① 值（多少钱），相当于……的价值；② 值得（后接名词或动词-ing形式，其中动词-ing形式是主动形式表示被动意义）。如：
This old book is worth 300 dollars.
Is it worth all the trouble
The book is well worth reading.
★worth也可以作名词，意为“价值，作用”。如：
The worth of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )discovery was not realized until a hundred years after his death.
【运用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. The local museum __________________ (值得参观).
2. Who knows __________________________ (这幅画值多少钱)
3. The activities help children to develop a sense of ____(自身价值).
参考答案：
1. is worth visiting
2. how much the painting is worth
3. their own worth
7. differ
【归纳】
differ是动词，意为：①相异，不同于，有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )区别；②意见相左，持不同看法，不同意。常用搭配：differ from (= be different from)与……不同；differ in在……方面不同；differ (with sb.) (about / on / over sth.)与（某人）（就某事）持不同看法。如：
English differs from French in this respect.
The brothers differ in their interests.
John and his brother differ on the best way to cook fish.
【拓展】
★different adj. 意为“不同的，有区别的，有差异的”。
★difference n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). 意为“差异，差别”。常用短语：make a difference between区分，对……不同对待；make some / no difference 有一些/没有影响。如：
The law make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a difference between offensive (冒犯性的) and criminal behavior.
It evidently made no difference whether I was there to look after things or not.
8. confuse
【归纳】
confuse是动词，意为：①使糊涂， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使迷惑；②弄混，混淆。常用搭配：confuse sb.使某人糊涂；confuse ... with / and ... 将……与……混淆。
【拓展】
confused adj. 迷惑的，糊涂的
confusing adj. 难以理解的
9. amaze v. 使惊奇，使惊愕
【归纳】
常见句式有：
It amazes sb. what/ that / how ...
What amazes sb. is that / how ...
【拓展】
amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的
amazed adj. 感到惊奇的，常用搭配：be amazed at / by 对……感到惊奇。
amazement n. 惊奇，惊异”，常用搭配：to one’s amazement 使某人感到惊讶的是。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 她有精力参加所有的派对，这让我惊愕不已。
2. 事故发生后她还能如此冷静，对次她很惊奇。
3. 让我感到惊讶的是，我是最早来的。
参考答案：1. It amazes me that she’s got the energy for all those parties.
2. She was amazed at how calm she felt after the accident.
3. To my amazement, I came first.
（二）短语
1. in order to为了，以便(可位于句首)
【用法】
in order to后接动词原形，其否定形式为 in order not to。
e.g. ①He spent half ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of his summer holiday practicing English in order to pass the TOEFL test.
② The worker ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) worked day and night in order not to miss any chance.
【拓展】
表示“为了，以便”的结构还有：
in order that (＋从句) 为了(可位于句首)
so as to (do) 为了(不能位于句首)
so that (＋从句) 为了，结果(不能位于句首)
e.g.① We opened the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )door in order that we could see the people outside.
② College st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udents often go to the classroom early so that they can get good seats.
③ So as to ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke myself heard by the students sitting in the back row, I had to raise my voice.
【运用】用上述短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. __________ be a good reader, you must have the skills of fast reading.
2. They must wear gloves ________________ leave any fingerprints.
3. Why don’t you st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )art out early ___________ you don’t have to hurry
参考答案：
1. In order to 2.so as not to / in order not to
3. in order that / so that
2. turn up 出现; 到场
【归纳】
①开大，调高（音量、热量等）；②（尤指失去后偶然）被发现，被找到；③到达，来到，露面。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1.把收音机声音开大。我想听新闻。
2. 在我需要的时候，我找到了这份工作。
3. 别担心，我确信那封信会寄到的。
4. 一天深夜 ，她出现在了我家。
参考答案：1. Please turn the radio up. I’d like to listen to the news.
2. This job turned up just when I needed it.
3. Don’t worry about the letter — I’m sure it’ll turn up.
4. She turned up at my house late one night.
【拓展】
turn to 向……求助（或寻求指教等）
turn down 拒绝；调低（音量、热量等）
turn out 出席（某项活动），在场；原来是，证明是，结果是。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 她仍在等待他出现。
2. 他向我求助。
3. 原来，当他们是小孩子的时候，她就认识他。
4. 请把电视的音量调小，我要睡觉了。
参考答案：
1. She is still waiting for him to turn up.
2. He turned to me for help.
3. It turns out that she had known him when they were children.
4.Please turn the TV down. I am going to sleep.
3. get across 讲清楚，让……听懂；被……理解”，后面可跟to sb.。
e.g. He is not very good at getting his ideas across.
How can I get across to the students
Your meaning didn’t really get across.
【拓展】
get over克服；恢复，痊愈
get along (with) 相处；进展
get down 下来；记下
【运用】用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. It is not a serious illness, and she will soon get ______ it.
2. Do you get ______ well with your new classmates
3. He was followed by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a group of reporters trying to get _____ every word he said.
4. I have tried to get my point ______.
参考答案： over along down across
4. stand by
【归纳】①站在旁边，在场，袖 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )手旁观，无动于衷；②位于（或坐落在）……旁边；③站在……一边，支持，帮助，忠于（某人）；④坚持（决议等），遵守（诺言等）；⑤做好准备，准备行动。
【运用】说出stand by在下列各句中的意思。
1.She could not tell him the secret with her mother standing by在场
2. How can you just stand by and watch them beat him (袖手旁观)
3. The house stands by the river.(位于)
4. He stood by her whenever she was in trouble.(帮助)
5. I stand by every word I said.遵守（诺言）
6. The police are s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tanding by to control the crowd if it is necessary. 准备行动
7. Please stand by and wait for further instructions. (做好准备)
【拓展】常见的含stand的短语有：
★stand for意为：①（指缩写或符号）是……意思，代表；②支持，主张；③容忍，忍受（常用于否定结构）。如：
What do the letters PTO stand for
John always stands for what is right.
I won’t stand for any more of your rudeness.
★stand out意为“显眼，突出”，常与from或against连用。如：
Their old orange car stood out from all the rest.
The outlines of rooftops stood out against the pale sky.
【运用】用含stand的短语的正确形式填空。
1. We had many good editors, while Jack _______ from the rest.
2. Don’t just ________. Give me a hand, please.
3. The letters USA ________ United States of America.
4. He is a boy who always ________ his promises.
参考答案： stand out stand by stand for stand by
5. break out
【归纳】
意为“发生，爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵打架等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。如：
1. Two world wars broke out last century.
2. A fire broke out in the hospital at midnight.
3. After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.
4. I was in a nightclub in Brixton and a fight broke out.
5. He broke out, “That is not so!”
【拓展】
break down （机器、车辆等）坏了，（计划、谈判等）失败，（身体）垮了，感情失控，分解
break up 结束，打碎，分裂，解体
break off 突然中止，中断
【运用】用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. The Second World War broke _____ in September 1939.
2. The meeting brok ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e ____ at eleven o’clock, and then all the people left.
3. Jack broke ________ telling the story to answer the telephone．
4. The car broke ________ after an hour’s driving.
5. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks ____
参考答案：out up off down out
6. run out of 用完，耗尽
【归纳】
★ run out of 意为“用完（某物）”，其主语多为表示人的名词或代词，有被动形式
e.g. We are running out of our gas. We can’t go any farther.
★ run out意为“用完”，其主语常为表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词。
e.g. What should we do if oil runs out one day
7. carry on (尤指迎着困难)进行下去；坚持
【归纳】①继续移动；②争吵，吵闹，吵闹地抱怨；③继续做，坚持干（后面常跟名词或动词-ing形式，还常与介词with连用）。
e.g. 1. He stopped and looked back, then carried on down the stairs.
2. She was comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )laining and carrying on with a neighbour in the street.
3. Mr. Dean carried on his business until he retired.
4. You’ll have an accident if you carry on driving like that.
5. The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment.
【拓展】常见的含carry的短语有：
carry out实施，执行，履行；进行查询/调查/考察
carry off赢得，获得；成功地对付，不费劲地处理（大多数人认为难以应付的事）。
【运用】用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. It is often easier ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to make plans than it is to carry them ________.
2. Turn left at th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e traffic lights and carry ______ up the high street.
3. Janet carried ______ most of the prizes for swimming.
4. After his father died, Jason carried _______ with the business.
参考答案： out on off on
（三）句型：
1. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. (P28)
句型：
then/ here/ there/ in/ out/ down/ away + 谓语 + 主语(完全倒装句)
【典型例题】
正文统一用宋体五号字
I. 根据本单元所学单词及提示写出所缺单
词的正确形式。
1. Let’s make a lis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of possible speakers, in order of ______ (prefer).
2. As the end of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) game grew nearer, the crowd’s ___________ (excite) increased.
3. The present cr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isis bears some ________(similar) to the oil crisis of the 1970s.
4. A computer is t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he most important piece of ____ (equip) you will buy.
5. Her letter was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(n) _______(comfort) reminder of the past I preferred
to forget about.
6. Rose comes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from a(n) _________ (wealth) family, who owns businesses in London and Paris.
7. Detective Brady took a(n) _______(state) from both witnesses.
8. Teaching c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hildren with special needs requires ________ (patient) and understanding.
9. For a few minutes Mary stood in _______ (shock) silence.
10. The bus company p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rovided _____ (额外的) buses because there were so many people.
11. The bomb was designed to cause the ______(最大的) amount of damage.
12. The twins look alike, but they d_____ in character.
13. I’m ________ (担心的) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that we get there on time because I don’t think there’ll be many seats left.
14. Global warming wil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l increase the frequency or intensity (强度) of many kinds of e________ weather.
15. When child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ren start smoking, they don’t realize that they’re _______ (冒险) their health.
16. It ________ (使惊奇) me to think that Anna is now in charge of the company.
17. He is the ________ (作者) of two books on French history.
18. They are now deve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )loping ways to produce the vaccine (疫苗) in large q________ and cheaply.
19. She fulfilled h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er ________ (抱负) to become the first woman to run the 10,000 metres in under 30 minutes.
II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. The TV ________ (present), who used to be a comedian, often has his audience laughing all through his programme.
2. English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are ______(option).
3. The World Hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lth ____________ (organise) has recognised alcoholism as a disease since 1951.
4. We tried to stop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the flames from spreading,but we knew it was ______(hope).
5. She smiled back at the ________ (cheer) faces of her students.
6. Now he was dead, and I could not get away from my ________ (sad).
7. At the Interna ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tional School they have pupils of 46 different ___________ (national).
8. The doctors tol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d my wife I had a 50/50 chance of ________ (survive).
III. 选用方框内合适的短语并用其适当形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。
upside down, take o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ff, right now, stand by, in turn, on one’s way, turn up, back out, carry on, at one time
1. Turn the cake ___________ and cover it with cream.
2. I’m always willing to _________ anything I’ve said.
3. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty-four ________.
4. I cannot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )show you our shelter __________. I want to win Mr. Green’s approval first.
5. He agreed to help us but ______when he found how difficult it was.
6. I hope that Mr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Sharp will come to Paris ________ back to England.
7. All the members of the staff do late duty ________.
8. It’s impo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssible to ________ a conversation with all this noise going on outside the house.
9. A helicopter is able to ________ and land straight up or down.
10. ___________ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off.
IV. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks ________
2. We have run out ________ coal and have to burn wood.
3. Her health broke _____ under the pressure________ work.
4. We stood side ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _____ side washing, and preparing ________ breakfast.
5. They should put him _____ prison and throw away the key!
6. You should always stand ________ your promises.
7. He is not fit to be a member ________ this club.
V. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. If your brothe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r ________ _____ _____ _______ (不马上出现), we shall have to go without him.
2. The sun has sunk ______ _____ ________ (在地平线下).
3. It was in 1998 that Jane first _____ _____ _____ _____ (从事蹦极).
4. No one ______ ______ ______ ______ ________ (能够讲清楚) the
theory to the class.
5. It ____ ______ ______ ______________ (很值得努力工作) to achieve our dreams.
6. Lenin was in Switzerland when the Russian Revolution__ ___ (爆发).
7. The students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______ ______ ______ ______ (在……方面有很大困难) this type of maths problems
VI. 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
If you think 1. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ you do in your spare time is rather dull and you’re looking for something wild to do, you might like to risk 2. ________ (try) on a wingsuit. Wingsuit flying is a form of skydiving. It is an extreme sport which uses a jumpsuit 3. ________ (call) a wingsuit, a squirrel suit or a birdman suit. The suit has
two arm wings and a leg wing, 4. ______provide extra lift.
Users wear them in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) order to fly horizontal (水平的) distances at a slower speed, giving them extra time 5. ___ the air. A good wingsuit flyer can fall at only 40 kmh (80 percent slower than a skydiver) and fly horizontally at a speed of 354 kmh. Wingsuit flyer Shin Ito has reached a maximum speed of 363 kmh and a horizontal distance of 26.9 kilometers.
A com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pany called Birdman International was one of the first companies 6. ________ (market) a suit which they say is safe and 7. ________(access) to all skydivers and introduce 8. ____ instruction program. You can’t learn how to use a wingsuit right now, 9. ________. First you have to learn how to skydive 10. ________ a parachute; and you have to have made at least 200 jumps.
参考答案：I：1. preference 2. excitement 3. similarity 4. equipment
5. uncomfortable 6. wealthy 7. statement 8.patience 9. shocked
10. extra 11. maximum 12. differ 13. anxious 14. extreme
15. risking 16. amazes 17. author 18. quantities 19. ambition
II：1.present ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er 2.optional 3. Organisation 4. hopeless
5. cheerful 6. sadness 7. nationalities 8. survival
III：:1.upside down 2. stand by 3. turned up 4. right now
5. back out 6. on his way 7. in turn 8. carry on
9. take off 10. At one time
IV：1.out 2. of 3. down of 4. by for 5. into
6. by 7. of
V：1.doesn’t turn up soon 2. below the horizon
3. took up bungee jumping 4. is / was able to get across
5. is well worth working hard 6. broke out
7.have great difficulty with
VI:1.what 2.tryin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g 3.called 4.which 5.in 6.to market 7. accessible 8.an 9.however 10.with
时 间： 星 期：
主 备 人：韩晓晖 使用人：
【教学主题】Unit 8
【教学目标】
To review the useful words and phrases.
2. To let the students grasp the important points
【知识梳理】
I：①基本单词
1. _____________ n. 团体，组织，机构
2. _____________ adj. 不舒服的
3. ___________ adj. 极度的，极端的
4. ___________ adv. 确切地，精确地
5. ___________ vt. 冒……的危险
6. ___________ vt. 使困惑
7. ___________ n. 悲哀, 忧伤
8. ___________ n. 准备, 预备
9. ___________ adj. 没有希望的
10. ____________ n. 耐心，忍耐力
11. ____________ n.节目主持人
12. ____________ vt. 运转；发挥作用
13. ____________ n. 奇遇，冒险的经历
14. ____________ n. 旅行者，旅客
15. _____________ n. 目的，目标
16. major adj. _____________________
17. survival n. _____________________
18. similarity n. _____________________
19. quantity n. _________________
20. preference n. _________________
21. ambition n. _________________
22. cheerful adj. _________________
23. transport n. _________________
24. observe vt. _________________
25. maximum adj. ________________
②派生单词
1. ____________ v. 组织
____________ n. 组织；团体；机构
____________ adj. 有组织的；有条理的
2. _________ v. 安慰 n. 舒适; 安慰; 慰藉物
___________ adj. 舒服的; 安逸的
___________ adv. 舒服地; 安逸地
______________ adj. 不舒服的; 不自在的
___________ v. 使不舒服 n. 不舒适; 不快
3. ___________ vi. 不同；有异
___________ adj. 不同的
___________ adv. 不同地
___________ n. 不同之处; 差别
4. ____________ vt. 使困惑；混淆
____________ adj. 令人困惑的
____________ adj. (人感到)困惑的
____________ n. 困惑；疑惑；混乱
③短语
1. ____________ 起飞
2. ____________ 就在此刻
3. ________________ 对……感到担心/忧虑
4. ____________ (坏事)突然发生，爆发
5. __________ 继续做某事
6. __________ 出现，到场
7. __________ 坚持(某种说法)
8. ________________ 冒着……风险
9. ______________ 在途中
10. back out ___________________
11. be shocked at ___________________
12. be exhausted by ___________________
13. get across ___________________
14. be into ___________________
15. in turn __________________
16. go through with __________________
17. differ from __________________
18. put ... into prison __________________
19. be confused by __________________
④句型
1. While on a hiking trip, our cooks prepare delicious meals. (P22)
2. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. (P28)
II：核心要点
（一）词汇
1. tiring adj. 令人疲劳的(事物)
tired adj. (人感到)疲劳的；疲倦的
【拓展】
在英语中，有很多类似的形容词，以-ing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结尾的形容词主要修饰事 / 物，意为“某事 / 物令人感到……”；以-ed结尾的形容词主要修饰人，意为“某人对某事 / 物感到……”
amazing / amazed
boring / bored
confusing / confused
convincing / convinced
disappointing / disappointed
embarrassing / embarrassed
exciting / excited
fascinating / fascinated
frustrating / frustrated
interesting / interested
pleasing / pleased
relaxing / relaxed
surprising / surprised
terrifying / terrified
tiring / tired
【归纳】
be tired of = be fed up with
对……感到厌倦
be tired from 因……而疲倦
2. anxious
【归纳】
anxious是形容词，意为：①忧虑的，担 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )心的；②渴望的，急切的。常用搭配：be anxious about担心；be anxious for渴望得到；be anxious to do sth.急于/渴望做某事；be anxious that渴望（从句中常用“should +动词原形”，should可省略）。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 她很担心她的女儿很晚还没回家。
2. 我们盼望着你安全抵达的消息。
3. 她盼望他见她父亲。
参考答案： 1. She was anx ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ious about her daughter being out so late at night.
2. We were anxious for news of your safe arrival.
3. She was anxious that he should meet her father.
3. risk
【归纳】
★ 作动词时，意为“拿……冒险，冒……的险”，后接名词或动词-ing形式短语作宾语。常见搭配有：
risk one’s life to do sth. 冒生命危险做某事
risk doing 冒险做……
★ 作名词时，意为“危险，风险”。常见搭配有：
at risk 处于危险之中
at the risk of 冒……的危险
run / take the risk of 冒……的危险
risky adj. 危险的; 风险高的
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 吸烟的人都是拿健康在冒险。
2. 他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。
3. 这种疾病正在蔓延，凡是五岁以下的小孩都在危险中。
4. 他下定决心要到那儿即使冒着生命的危险。
参考答案：1. Anyone who smokes cigarettes is risking his health.
2. They knew they risked being arrested.
3. The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk.
4. He was determined to get there even at the risk of his life.
4. various
【归纳】
various是形容词，意为：①不同的，各种各样的；②具有多种特征的，多姿多彩的。
e.g. We had various problems on our journey.
The author gave various reasons for having written the book.
【拓展】variously adv. 意为“以各种方式，不同地”。
5. aim
【归纳】
★ aim作名词时，意为： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )①目标，目的（常用搭配：with the aim of以……为目标，achieve one’s aim实现某人的目标；②瞄准（常用搭配为take aim at sth.。
★ aim作动词时，意为：①目的是，旨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在（常用搭配：be aimed at doing sth., aim at doing / to do sth.）；②力求达到，力争做到（常用搭配为aim for / at sth.）；③瞄准，对准（常用搭配为aim at）；④针对，对象是（常用搭配为be aimed at）。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 目标一旦确定，我们就不应该改变它。
2. 我的评论不是针对你。
3. 这个组织旨在帮助年轻人。
参考答案：1. Once the aim is fixed, we should not change it.
2. My comment wasn’t aimed at you.
3. The organisation is aimed at helping young people.
6. worth
【归纳】
★worth可作介词或形容词，意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：① 值（多少钱），相当于……的价值；② 值得（后接名词或动词-ing形式，其中动词-ing形式是主动形式表示被动意义）。如：
This old book is worth 300 dollars.
Is it worth all the trouble
The book is well worth reading.
★worth也可以作名词，意为“价值，作用”。如：
The worth of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )discovery was not realized until a hundred years after his death.
【运用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. The local museum __________________ (值得参观).
2. Who knows __________________________ (这幅画值多少钱)
3. The activities help children to develop a sense of ____(自身价值).
参考答案：
1. is worth visiting
2. how much the painting is worth
3. their own worth
7. differ
【归纳】
differ是动词，意为：①相异，不同于，有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )区别；②意见相左，持不同看法，不同意。常用搭配：differ from (= be different from)与……不同；differ in在……方面不同；differ (with sb.) (about / on / over sth.)与（某人）（就某事）持不同看法。如：
English differs from French in this respect.
The brothers differ in their interests.
John and his brother differ on the best way to cook fish.
【拓展】
★different adj. 意为“不同的，有区别的，有差异的”。
★difference n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). 意为“差异，差别”。常用短语：make a difference between区分，对……不同对待；make some / no difference 有一些/没有影响。如：
The law make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a difference between offensive (冒犯性的) and criminal behavior.
It evidently made no difference whether I was there to look after things or not.
8. confuse
【归纳】
confuse是动词，意为：①使糊涂， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使迷惑；②弄混，混淆。常用搭配：confuse sb.使某人糊涂；confuse ... with / and ... 将……与……混淆。
【拓展】
confused adj. 迷惑的，糊涂的
confusing adj. 难以理解的
9. amaze v. 使惊奇，使惊愕
【归纳】
常见句式有：
It amazes sb. what/ that / how ...
What amazes sb. is that / how ...
【拓展】
amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的
amazed adj. 感到惊奇的，常用搭配：be amazed at / by 对……感到惊奇。
amazement n. 惊奇，惊异”，常用搭配：to one’s amazement 使某人感到惊讶的是。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 她有精力参加所有的派对，这让我惊愕不已。
2. 事故发生后她还能如此冷静，对次她很惊奇。
3. 让我感到惊讶的是，我是最早来的。
参考答案：1. It amazes me that she’s got the energy for all those parties.
2. She was amazed at how calm she felt after the accident.
3. To my amazement, I came first.
（二）短语
1. in order to为了，以便(可位于句首)
【用法】
in order to后接动词原形，其否定形式为 in order not to。
e.g. ①He spent half ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of his summer holiday practicing English in order to pass the TOEFL test.
② The worker ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) worked day and night in order not to miss any chance.
【拓展】
表示“为了，以便”的结构还有：
in order that (＋从句) 为了(可位于句首)
so as to (do) 为了(不能位于句首)
so that (＋从句) 为了，结果(不能位于句首)
e.g.① We opened the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )door in order that we could see the people outside.
② College st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udents often go to the classroom early so that they can get good seats.
③ So as to ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke myself heard by the students sitting in the back row, I had to raise my voice.
【运用】用上述短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. __________ be a good reader, you must have the skills of fast reading.
2. They must wear gloves ________________ leave any fingerprints.
3. Why don’t you st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )art out early ___________ you don’t have to hurry
参考答案：
1. In order to 2.so as not to / in order not to
3. in order that / so that
2. turn up 出现; 到场
【归纳】
①开大，调高（音量、热量等）；②（尤指失去后偶然）被发现，被找到；③到达，来到，露面。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1.把收音机声音开大。我想听新闻。
2. 在我需要的时候，我找到了这份工作。
3. 别担心，我确信那封信会寄到的。
4. 一天深夜 ，她出现在了我家。
参考答案：1. Please turn the radio up. I’d like to listen to the news.
2. This job turned up just when I needed it.
3. Don’t worry about the letter — I’m sure it’ll turn up.
4. She turned up at my house late one night.
【拓展】
turn to 向……求助（或寻求指教等）
turn down 拒绝；调低（音量、热量等）
turn out 出席（某项活动），在场；原来是，证明是，结果是。
【运用】翻译下列句子。
1. 她仍在等待他出现。
2. 他向我求助。
3. 原来，当他们是小孩子的时候，她就认识他。
4. 请把电视的音量调小，我要睡觉了。
参考答案：
1. She is still waiting for him to turn up.
2. He turned to me for help.
3. It turns out that she had known him when they were children.
4.Please turn the TV down. I am going to sleep.
3. get across 讲清楚，让……听懂；被……理解”，后面可跟to sb.。
e.g. He is not very good at getting his ideas across.
How can I get across to the students
Your meaning didn’t really get across.
【拓展】
get over克服；恢复，痊愈
get along (with) 相处；进展
get down 下来；记下
【运用】用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. It is not a serious illness, and she will soon get ______ it.
2. Do you get ______ well with your new classmates
3. He was followed by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a group of reporters trying to get _____ every word he said.
4. I have tried to get my point ______.
参考答案： over along down across
4. stand by
【归纳】①站在旁边，在场，袖 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )手旁观，无动于衷；②位于（或坐落在）……旁边；③站在……一边，支持，帮助，忠于（某人）；④坚持（决议等），遵守（诺言等）；⑤做好准备，准备行动。
【运用】说出stand by在下列各句中的意思。
1.She could not tell him the secret with her mother standing by在场
2. How can you just stand by and watch them beat him (袖手旁观)
3. The house stands by the river.(位于)
4. He stood by her whenever she was in trouble.(帮助)
5. I stand by every word I said.遵守（诺言）
6. The police are s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tanding by to control the crowd if it is necessary. 准备行动
7. Please stand by and wait for further instructions. (做好准备)
【拓展】常见的含stand的短语有：
★stand for意为：①（指缩写或符号）是……意思，代表；②支持，主张；③容忍，忍受（常用于否定结构）。如：
What do the letters PTO stand for
John always stands for what is right.
I won’t stand for any more of your rudeness.
★stand out意为“显眼，突出”，常与from或against连用。如：
Their old orange car stood out from all the rest.
The outlines of rooftops stood out against the pale sky.
【运用】用含stand的短语的正确形式填空。
1. We had many good editors, while Jack _______ from the rest.
2. Don’t just ________. Give me a hand, please.
3. The letters USA ________ United States of America.
4. He is a boy who always ________ his promises.
参考答案： stand out stand by stand for stand by
5. break out
【归纳】
意为“发生，爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵打架等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。如：
1. Two world wars broke out last century.
2. A fire broke out in the hospital at midnight.
3. After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.
4. I was in a nightclub in Brixton and a fight broke out.
5. He broke out, “That is not so!”
【拓展】
break down （机器、车辆等）坏了，（计划、谈判等）失败，（身体）垮了，感情失控，分解
break up 结束，打碎，分裂，解体
break off 突然中止，中断
【运用】用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. The Second World War broke _____ in September 1939.
2. The meeting brok ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e ____ at eleven o’clock, and then all the people left.
3. Jack broke ________ telling the story to answer the telephone．
4. The car broke ________ after an hour’s driving.
5. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks ____
参考答案：out up off down out
6. run out of 用完，耗尽
【归纳】
★ run out of 意为“用完（某物）”，其主语多为表示人的名词或代词，有被动形式
e.g. We are running out of our gas. We can’t go any farther.
★ run out意为“用完”，其主语常为表示时间、食物、金钱等的名词。
e.g. What should we do if oil runs out one day
7. carry on (尤指迎着困难)进行下去；坚持
【归纳】①继续移动；②争吵，吵闹，吵闹地抱怨；③继续做，坚持干（后面常跟名词或动词-ing形式，还常与介词with连用）。
e.g. 1. He stopped and looked back, then carried on down the stairs.
2. She was comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )laining and carrying on with a neighbour in the street.
3. Mr. Dean carried on his business until he retired.
4. You’ll have an accident if you carry on driving like that.
5. The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment.
【拓展】常见的含carry的短语有：
carry out实施，执行，履行；进行查询/调查/考察
carry off赢得，获得；成功地对付，不费劲地处理（大多数人认为难以应付的事）。
【运用】用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. It is often easier ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to make plans than it is to carry them ________.
2. Turn left at th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e traffic lights and carry ______ up the high street.
3. Janet carried ______ most of the prizes for swimming.
4. After his father died, Jason carried _______ with the business.
参考答案： out on off on
（三）句型：
1. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. (P28)
句型：
then/ here/ there/ in/ out/ down/ away + 谓语 + 主语(完全倒装句)
【典型例题】
正文统一用宋体五号字
I. 根据本单元所学单词及提示写出所缺单
词的正确形式。
1. Let’s make a lis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of possible speakers, in order of ______ (prefer).
2. As the end of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) game grew nearer, the crowd’s ___________ (excite) increased.
3. The present cr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isis bears some ________(similar) to the oil crisis of the 1970s.
4. A computer is t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he most important piece of ____ (equip) you will buy.
5. Her letter was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(n) _______(comfort) reminder of the past I preferred
to forget about.
6. Rose comes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from a(n) _________ (wealth) family, who owns businesses in London and Paris.
7. Detective Brady took a(n) _______(state) from both witnesses.
8. Teaching c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hildren with special needs requires ________ (patient) and understanding.
9. For a few minutes Mary stood in _______ (shock) silence.
10. The bus company p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rovided _____ (额外的) buses because there were so many people.
11. The bomb was designed to cause the ______(最大的) amount of damage.
12. The twins look alike, but they d_____ in character.
13. I’m ________ (担心的) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that we get there on time because I don’t think there’ll be many seats left.
14. Global warming wil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l increase the frequency or intensity (强度) of many kinds of e________ weather.
15. When child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ren start smoking, they don’t realize that they’re _______ (冒险) their health.
16. It ________ (使惊奇) me to think that Anna is now in charge of the company.
17. He is the ________ (作者) of two books on French history.
18. They are now deve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )loping ways to produce the vaccine (疫苗) in large q________ and cheaply.
19. She fulfilled h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er ________ (抱负) to become the first woman to run the 10,000 metres in under 30 minutes.
II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. The TV ________ (present), who used to be a comedian, often has his audience laughing all through his programme.
2. English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are ______(option).
3. The World Hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lth ____________ (organise) has recognised alcoholism as a disease since 1951.
4. We tried to stop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the flames from spreading,but we knew it was ______(hope).
5. She smiled back at the ________ (cheer) faces of her students.
6. Now he was dead, and I could not get away from my ________ (sad).
7. At the Interna ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tional School they have pupils of 46 different ___________ (national).
8. The doctors tol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d my wife I had a 50/50 chance of ________ (survive).
III. 选用方框内合适的短语并用其适当形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。
upside down, take o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ff, right now, stand by, in turn, on one’s way, turn up, back out, carry on, at one time
1. Turn the cake ___________ and cover it with cream.
2. I’m always willing to _________ anything I’ve said.
3. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty-four ________.
4. I cannot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )show you our shelter __________. I want to win Mr. Green’s approval first.
5. He agreed to help us but ______when he found how difficult it was.
6. I hope that Mr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Sharp will come to Paris ________ back to England.
7. All the members of the staff do late duty ________.
8. It’s impo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssible to ________ a conversation with all this noise going on outside the house.
9. A helicopter is able to ________ and land straight up or down.
10. ___________ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off.
IV. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks ________
2. We have run out ________ coal and have to burn wood.
3. Her health broke _____ under the pressure________ work.
4. We stood side ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _____ side washing, and preparing ________ breakfast.
5. They should put him _____ prison and throw away the key!
6. You should always stand ________ your promises.
7. He is not fit to be a member ________ this club.
V. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. If your brothe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r ________ _____ _____ _______ (不马上出现), we shall have to go without him.
2. The sun has sunk ______ _____ ________ (在地平线下).
3. It was in 1998 that Jane first _____ _____ _____ _____ (从事蹦极).
4. No one ______ ______ ______ ______ ________ (能够讲清楚) the
theory to the class.
5. It ____ ______ ______ ______________ (很值得努力工作) to achieve our dreams.
6. Lenin was in Switzerland when the Russian Revolution__ ___ (爆发).
7. The students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______ ______ ______ ______ (在……方面有很大困难) this type of maths problems
VI. 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
If you think 1. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ you do in your spare time is rather dull and you’re looking for something wild to do, you might like to risk 2. ________ (try) on a wingsuit. Wingsuit flying is a form of skydiving. It is an extreme sport which uses a jumpsuit 3. ________ (call) a wingsuit, a squirrel suit or a birdman suit. The suit has
two arm wings and a leg wing, 4. ______provide extra lift.
Users wear them in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) order to fly horizontal (水平的) distances at a slower speed, giving them extra time 5. ___ the air. A good wingsuit flyer can fall at only 40 kmh (80 percent slower than a skydiver) and fly horizontally at a speed of 354 kmh. Wingsuit flyer Shin Ito has reached a maximum speed of 363 kmh and a horizontal distance of 26.9 kilometers.
A com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pany called Birdman International was one of the first companies 6. ________ (market) a suit which they say is safe and 7. ________(access) to all skydivers and introduce 8. ____ instruction program. You can’t learn how to use a wingsuit right now, 9. ________. First you have to learn how to skydive 10. ________ a parachute; and you have to have made at least 200 jumps.
参考答案：I：1. preference 2. excitement 3. similarity 4. equipment
5. uncomfortable 6. wealthy 7. statement 8.patience 9. shocked
10. extra 11. maximum 12. differ 13. anxious 14. extreme
15. risking 16. amazes 17. author 18. quantities 19. ambition
II：1.present ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er 2.optional 3. Organisation 4. hopeless
5. cheerful 6. sadness 7. nationalities 8. survival
III：:1.upside down 2. stand by 3. turned up 4. right now
5. back out 6. on his way 7. in turn 8. carry on
9. take off 10. At one time
IV：1.out 2. of 3. down of 4. by for 5. into
6. by 7. of
V：1.doesn’t turn up soon 2. below the horizon
3. took up bungee jumping 4. is / was able to get across
5. is well worth working hard 6. broke out
7.have great difficulty with
VI:1.what 2.tryin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g 3.called 4.which 5.in 6.to market 7. accessible 8.an 9.however 10.with