2024年中考英语热点话题语篇训练：中国古代名人典故（含解析）

中国古代名人典故20篇
一、阅读理解
（2024·山东临沂·一模）During the Jin Dynasty (265–420), there was a child named Che Yin. He was smart and loved to read. He grew up in a poor family and couldn’t afford lamp oil (灯油) to study at night.
One night, he saw fireflies (萤火虫) outside his house and came up with an idea. He caught some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung the bag up as a lamp. It was said that he spent all of his summer nights reading like this.
Another child named Sun Kang also loved reading during the same time period. One night during winter, Sun used up all of his lamp oil and couldn’t study at night. When he suddenly woke up at midnight, he saw the thick snow reflecting the moonlight outside his house. His first thought was “Oh, I can use the reflected light to read!” He took out his books and read, even though he was freezing cold.
Both of these kids later became successful government officials. People were touched by their hard-working spirit and their stories inspired (启发) the Chinese idiom nangyingyingxue (囊萤映雪) or “to read by the light of bagged fireflies or the reflected light of snow”.
In the past, people had a much harder time studying than we do now. They might have had to copy books by hand because books were very few then. For poor families, paper and writing brushes were often too expensive to afford. Students even had to travel over mountains and rivers in order to find a good teacher. However, these tough conditions did not stop young minds from pursuing (追求) knowledge.
Xie Cun, a professor from Peking University said, “All of these stories inspire people to study hard although there are many difficulties. We can also learn from these stories. Some may sound a little exaggerated (夸张的) and romanticized, but they are just like the light of fireflies that light up the road to knowledge.”
1．What do we know about the two children
A．They helped each other.
B．They invented a Chinese idiom.
C．They were smart and worked hard.
2．What does the underlined word “tough” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．hard B．easy C．new
3．What might Xie Cun agree with
A．These stories are not real.
B．These stories are encouraging.
C．People used to read more books.
4．What would be the best title for this passage
A．The Stories of Jin Dynasty. B．A Chinese Idiom. C．Light to Guide You.
（23-24九年级上·云南玉溪·期末）One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100, 000 arrows (箭) in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, “Give me three days.” Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows (稻草人) in line on the boats. He asked Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu what was happening.
When Lu Su came again to see Zhuge Liang, he found nothing unusual. Nothing happened on the second day, either. On the early morning of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride. The 20 boats were tied together. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao. The surface of the river was covered with thick mist (浓雾). People could hardly see each other on the river. When Zhuge’s fleet got close to the Cao camp, Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to shout and beat drums heavily to pretend an attack (假装进攻). But Zhuge Liang and Lu Su only sat inside one boat drinking wine to enjoy themselves.
As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they thought it was a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp. They could see nobody on the river, so they had to order 3, 000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the sudden attack. One side of the scarecrows was quickly full of arrows. When both sides were full of arrows, the day broke. Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to return. The soldiers shouted in excitement, “Thank you, Cao Cao, for your arrows.” After they got back to their camp, they collected more than 100, 000 arrows in all from the scarecrows.
5．How many days did Zhou Yu give Zhuge Liang for him to make 100, 000 arrows at first
A．One day. B．Two days.
C．Three days. D．Ten days.
6．The underlined word “fleet” probably means ________ in Chinese.
A．船桨 B．船帆 C．甲板 D．船队
7．Who came up with the idea to get the arrows
A．Zhou Yu. B．Zhuge Liang.
C．Lu Su. D．Cao Cao.
8．The soldiers in the Cao camp shot arrows because ________.
A．the Zhou Yu camp started an attack
B．they could see each other on the river
C．they thought the shouting and drum beating were a surprise attack
D．Lu Su beat the drums
9．How did Zhou Yu probably feel after Zhuge Liang returned with over 100, 000 arrows
A．Surprised. B．Bored. C．Tired. D．Lonely.
（22-23九年级上·广东佛山·期末）左栏是五个成语故事，右栏是七条故事的启示。请从左栏中选出与故事相对应的启示。
10 In Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Wu (吴国) beat the state of Yue in a war. Goujian, the King of Yue, was caught and was asked to do hard work. Three years later, Goujian came back and kept living a hard life and never gave up making his state strong. A few years later, the state of Yue beat the state of Wu. 11 Yu Boya was good at playing an instrument called qin. One day, while he was playing his best work, High Mountains and Flowing Water, he met his best friend, Zhong Ziqi. Zhong enjoyed Yu’s music very much. After Zhong died, Yu never played qin again. 12 During the Warring States Period, Duke Pingyuan of the state of Zhao wanted 20 people to go with him to the state of Chu to ask for help. But he only chose 19. Then a man called Mao Sui volunteered. With his help, the King of Chu agreed to help the state of Zhao. 13 A farmer saw a rabbit bump (撞) into a big tree and die at once while he was working in the field. Without any effort, the farmer happily enjoyed a meal of rabbit meat. Then he did nothing and just waited for another rabbit day after day, but never got a second one. 14 Shang Yang in the state of Qin set up a 10-metre-long pole at the south gate. He said that anyone who could take it to the north gate A．Don’t draw a snake and add feet to it. Going too far is as bad as not going far enough. B．Good friends often share the same interest. They understand each other and can play together well. How lucky it is to have such a good friend! C． The story tells us that a man who wants to make a country strong must first win the trust of its people. And he should always keep his word. D．One can get nothing if he doesn’t work hard. We should not wait for unexpected things only by luck. E. Never be afraid of failure. If you have a strong heart, work hard and then you can be the winner.
would get 50 ounces (盎司) of silver. A man did that and was given the money. People thought Shang Yang was trustable, so they followed Shang’s new rules. And then the state of Qin became stronger. Remember: never give up! F. The bad you do stays with you. The good you do comes back to you. Don’t ever stop doing good things. G. We should always be confident of ourselves. Catch every chance to show ourselves to others and then we will be successful.
二、完形填空
（23-24九年级下·安徽合肥·期中）Once upon a time, there was a farmer, who was always worried about the growth of his crops (庄稼). Every day he went to see them, but the rice grew much slower than he 15 . He was so worried after three days’ watch in his fields. Then he said to 16 : I must find a better way to help them grow faster. At last, a good idea came up to his 17 . Then he rushed towards the fields. For the whole day, he was there to pull each crop upward. He worked hard 18 the sunset.
After that he returned home, exhausted (筋疲力竭的). He couldn’t 19 to tell his family the great thing he had done in the daytime. But he was 20 tired that he was out of breath. “I am exhausted, but you know, my 21 were not in vain (白费的). I helped all the little crops grow faster. It’s worth it,” the farmer said joyfully and he even couldn’t help 22 loudly. 23 , his son found something wrong. He ran to the fields in a hurry, but it was too late when he found that all the crops 24 .
This story tells us things would be worse if we made them happen more rapidly without following the developing rules of them.
15．A．reported B．planted C．expected D．finished
16．A．he B．him C．myself D．himself
17．A．mind B．ground C．mouth D．feeling
18．A．before B．till C．unless D．after
19．A．cancel B．avoid C．wait D．translate
20．A．such B．that C．then D．so
21．A．efforts B．effects C．influence D．material
22．A．smiling B．laughing C．jumping D．crying
23．A．Otherwise B．Anyway C．However D．Perhaps
24．A．came B．passed C．left D．died
（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）How long is sanshe in the idiom tuibi sanshe (退避三舍)
In ancient times, she was a unit of distance (距离). One she is as 25 as 30 li. One li is 500 meters and 30 li is 15,000 meters. So sanshe is 45 kilometers.
There is a story behind this idiom. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC—476 BC). Prince Chong’er of the Jin State ran away from his home state (州). He 26 to travel to other states.
Once, he went to the state of Chu. King, Chengwang of Chu saw him as an important guest and 27 him a feast (盛宴). He asked Chong’er, “If you rule state of Jin one day, how would you thank me ” “It seems your state has everything you want. I have nothing 28 you like,” Chong’er said. However, the king 29 asked for something. Finally, Chong’er said, “I would ask my soldiers to retreat (撤退) sanshe if we ever fight.”
Later, Chong’er 30 to his home state of Jin and became its ruler called Wengong. Both of the two 31 wanted to become stronger and get more land. They went to war with each other.
Jin Wengong didn’t 32 his promise. He asked his soldiers to retreat sanshe in Chengpu. The Chu soldiers thought that the Jin soldiers were afraid to fight, so they followed them. To their surprise, the Jin soldiers surrounded (包围) them. 33 , Jin won the war. This was the famous Battle of Chengpu. After this war, people used tuibi sanshe to mean retreating to avoid 34 into a conflict (冲突).
25．A．much B．fast C．far
26．A．offered B．wanted C．failed
27．A．served B．passed C．showed
28．A．whose B．that C．which
29．A．already B．still C．just
30．A．moved B．returned C．got
31．A．persons B．countries C．states
32．A．break B．accept C．keep
33．A．Above all B．At first C．At last
34．A．to come B．come C．coming
（23-24九年级上·广东广州·期末）
During the Three Kingdoms period in ancient China, there was a wise man named Zhuge Liang, also known as Kongming. He served for Liu Bei.
One day, Zhuge Liang found himself in a/an 35 situation. Sima Yi’s army was reported being 36 and Zhuge’s support was still far away. There was only one 37 for Zhuge to take, the use of empty city.
Zhuge Liang sent his soldiers to West City. He told them to 38 the city gates and sent them to clean the roads. The men couldn’t understand Zhuge Liang’s request, but Zhuge told them not to 39 and he had secretly sent many soldiers around to fight the coming war. Zhuge himself went up the city wall with two of his service boys and began to play his favourite music there.
Sima Yi’s army had been told that West City was empty. However, when they arrived and saw the open gates, empty streets, and only a few old soldiers working as cleaners, they became 40 and didn’t enter the city. Zhuge told them that the city was empty and he had prepared to welcome the enemy. Sima Yi believed it was a 41 since Zhuge had never taken any unsure plans in his life and his words couldn’t be 42 trusted. He replied Zhuge that no matter whether the city was empty or not, he was not to enter. Sima Yi’s army camped miles away outside West City.
General Zhao Yun returned to West City. Zhuge Liang sent Zhao to attack the 43 and he went back to his State right away. Sima Yi was again told by his men that West City was empty. When he headed towards West City for the second time, he met Zhao Yun and was 44 . When he finally learnt what had happened, he realized about his weakness, and left that area.
35．A．ashamed B．difficult C．strange D．amazing
36．A．bigger B．smarter C．weaker D．nearer
37．A．reason B．choice C．order D．lesson
38．A．mend B．wash C．clean D．open
39．A．worry B．care C．fight D．shout
40．A．helpful B．doubtful C．joyful D．hopeful
41．A．trick B．game C．quiz D．joke
42．A．kindly B．slowly C．easily D．happily
43．A．gate B．heart C．city D．enemy
44．A．fooled B．shaken C．beaten D．killed
（2023·辽宁大连·中考真题）阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
How long is sanshe in the idiom tuibi sanshe(退避三舍)
In ancient times, she was a unit of distance(距离). One she is as 45 as 30 li. One li is 500 meters and 30 li is 15,000 meters. So sanshe is 45 kilometers.
There is a story behind this idiom. During the Spring and Autumn Period(770 BC—476 BC), Prince Chong’er of the Jin State ran away from his home state. He 46 to travel to other states.
Once, he went to the state of Chu. King, Chengwang of Chu saw him as an important guest and 47 him a feast(盛宴). He asked Chong’er, “If you rule state of Jin one day, how would you thank me ” “It seems your state has everything you want. I have nothing that you like,” Chong’er said. However, the king 48 asked for something. Finally, Chong’er said, “I would ask my soldiers to retreat(撤退)sanshe if we ever fight.”
Later, Chong’er 49 to his home state of Jin and became its ruler called Wengong. Both of the two 50 wanted to become stronger and get more land. They went to war with each other.
Jin Wengong didn’t 51 his promise. He asked his soldiers to retreat sanshe in Chengpu. The Chu soldiers thought that the Jin soldiers were afraid to fight, so they followed them. To their surprise, the Jin soldiers surrounded(包围) them. 52 , Jin won the war. This was the famous Battle of Chengpu. After this war, people used tuibi sanshe to mean retreating to avoid a conflict(冲突).
45．A．much B．large C．far D．fast
46．A．offered B．wanted C．failed D．promised
47．A．served B．passed C．showed D．paid
48．A．always B．already C．just D．still
49．A．moved B．returned C．walked D．got
50．A．persons B．countries C．friends D．states
51．A．break B．make C．keep D．accept
52．A．In fact B．At first C．In the end D．Above all
（2023·江苏连云港·一模）Modesty (谦逊) is a valuable quality in many cultures around the world. In China, this is no different. 53 , the phrase “毛遂自荐” seems to disagree with this.
During the Warring States Period, the Qin army marched (进军) on Handan. 54 that Handan was in danger, Prince Pingyuan asked for help 55 the state of Chu. He wanted to pick 20 talented people to go with him. However, he could only find 56 people who were good enough. Then, a man named Mao Sui 57 .
Prince Pingyuan looked at Mao Sui with doubt. “ 58 have you been here with me ” “Three years,” Mao Sui answered. “I hear that a person with 59 is like an awl (锥子) in a cloth bag. Its sharp point will soon pierce through the 60 . You’ve been here for a long time, but I haven’t seen any of your 61 . Maybe you don’t have any talent.” Said Prince Pingyuan.
“What I’m asking you now is to put 62 into that bag. If you do that, I will pierce through it. But not only the point—the whole awl,” Mao Sui said in a 63 way.
Impressed, Prince Pingyuan allowed Mao to join his team, and Mao 64 proved very helpful. Now the phrase “Mao Sui recommending himself” is used to 65 someone who volunteers to do a task.
However, there is a fine 66 between self-confidence and arrogance (傲慢). It’s important to believe in yourself, but a strong ego (自我) can 67 your career and professional relationships. So we recommend letting your work speak for itself.
53．A．So B．However C．But D．Anyway
54．A．Seeing B．Looking C．Smelling D．Hearing
55．A．to B．with C．from D．across
56．A．19 B．20 C．21 D．22
57．A．complained B．supposed C．volunteered D．thought
58．A．How often B．How long C．How much D．How far
59．A．talent B．smile C．interest D．personality
60．A．window B．wood C．person D．bag
61．A．instruments B．achievements C．products D．methods
62．A．him B．her C．me D．them
63．A．patient B．happy C．careful D．confident
64．A．simply B．successfully C．quietly D．politely
65．A．control B．allow C．describe D．record
66．A．line B．river C．land D．room
67．A．help B．guide C．cause D．harm
（22-23九年级上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We all heard the story of Nvwa patching up (修补) the sky with melted coloured stones. Many years passed and 68 broke out again. One of them was a big flood. It appeared in the Yellow River during the rule of Emperor Yao, and the people were forced to 69 their villages and go to live in trees or mountains. The flood brought great 70 to the people’s life. Emperor Yao felt 71 for the suffering of the people, so he asked Gun to solve the problem. Receiving the 72 , Gun led his team to build dikes (堤坝) to keep back the water but failed. Then Shun, the next emperor, ordered Gun’s son Yu to continue with the work after Gun died.
Yu accepted the work and found that it was 73 than he had thought. But he fought against the great flood bravely. For thirteen years, he devoted (投入) himself to his work. He passed his house three times but did not 74 it. Drawing a lesson from his father’s failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging (挖道和疏浚) and controlled the great flood 75 . He did so much for the people that people called him “ Yu the Great” and Emperor Shun 76 him as the next emperor.
Yu won the trust of his emperor and the people with his great effort. He was such a wise, strong-minded and great person that he is 77 learning from. We will remember him forever.
68．A．diseases B．troubles C．wars D．skies
69．A．build up B．give up C．clean up D．look up
70．A．hope B．message C．convenience D．damage
71．A．doubtful B．shy C．sorry D．peaceful
72．A．order B．help C．letter D．gift
73．A．easier B．more interesting C．more difficult D．stranger
74．A．enter B．remember C．look D．find
75．A．successfully B．suddenly C．hardly D．secretly
76．A．used B．worked C．described D．chose
77．A．useless B．busy C．afraid D．worth
三、语法选择
（2024·重庆綦江·一模）The Year of the Loong is a year in the Chinese lunar calendar. The loong is 78 in the Chinese zodiac (生肖), and belongs to the “Chen” in the day, which is also called “loong time” from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m. The number of years divided by (除以) 12 is 8, which is the year of the Loong. The Lunar New Year 2024 is the Year of the Loong.
It’s said that long long ago, there was a village, people lived a quiet and peaceful life. 79 , the farmland in the village was plagued (困扰) by disasters. Crops had failed to grow. The villagers were so anxious that they wanted to find a solution. One day, a wise man came to the village. He told the villagers 80 he had heard a legend that there was a loong in the mountains far away, which could help people 81 problems. Hearing the news, the villagers were full 82 hope and decided to organize a long journey to find the loong. They experienced many 83 , but the villagers did not give up. They believed that finding the loong would solve their problems. At last, they 84 the loong in a high mountain. The villagers expressed 85 wishes and troubles to the loong. The loong listened carefully and promised to help them. From then on, the farmland began to harvest, and the villagers lived 86 happy and healthy life.
So in China ,the loong is often 87 as wise and auspicious (吉祥) symbols. When Chinese celebrate the year of loong, they are praying for good luck in the coming year.
78．A．the fifth B．fifth C．five
79．A．Luckily B．Generally C．However
80．A．that B．if C．where
81．A．solved B．solve C．solves
82．A．in B．with C．of
83．A．difficulties B．difficulty C．difficult
84．A．finding B．find C．found
85．A．their B．they C．theirs
86．A．/ B．a C．an
87．A．see B．saw C．seen
（2023·广东清远·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中，选出一个最佳的答案。
One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows (箭) in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was 88 , but Zhuge Liang said, “Give me three days.” Then he asked Lu Su to lend 89 20 boats, and let the soldiers put some scarecrows (稻草人) in line on the boats.
On the early morning of 90 third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride. The 20 boats were tied together with strong ropes. Zhuge’s fleet (舰队) went towards the camp of Cao Cao. The surface of the river 91 with thick fog all over. People could hardly see each other on the river. When Zhuge’s fleet got close to the Cao camp, Zhuge Liang 92 his soldiers to shout and beat the drums heavily. But Zhuge and Lu Su only sat inside one boat drinking wine to enjoy themselves.
As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and beating, they mistook it for a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp. 93 they could see nobody on the river, they had to order 3,000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the unexpected attack. The front of the scarecrows was quickly full 94 arrows. After a while, Zhuge Liang had his fleet turned around 95 the other side of the scarecrows to face the Cao camp.
When both 96 were full of arrows, the day broke. Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to return. At last, they collected 97 than 100,000 arrows in total.
88．A．possible B．possibly C．impossible
89．A．he B．him C．his
90．A．a B．an C．the
91．A．is covered B．was covered C．is covering
92．A．ordered B．will order C．has ordered
93．A．Before B．Because C．After
94．A．of B．to C．on
95．A．get B．getting C．to get
96．A．side B．sides C．side’s
97．A．much B．more C．most
四、选词填空
（23-24九年级下·江西抚州·期中）请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。
he, help, when, touch reach, finally, surprised, farmer, however, gold, excitement
In a small town lived a poor young man named Ma Liang. He loved painting. But he was too poor to buy a brush for 98 . One night, an old man visited him in Ma Liang’s dream. He gave Ma Liang a brush to paint. “Use this magic brush 99 the poor,” he said.
100 Ma Liang woke up, he found the brush in his hand. He painted a bird and was 101 to see it fly off the page and out of the window.
Ma Liang started painting things. He painted buffaloes (水牛) for 102 , food for hungry people and clothes for people who were cold. People were 103 by Ma Liang’s help and got a feeling of warmth.
104 , a rich man asked Ma Liang to paint gold for him. To deal with the rude request (要求), Ma Liang painted an island of 105 and a boat in the middle of the sea.
The rich man got into the boat at once. He went on his way in 106 and asked Ma Liang to paint a strong wind and huge waves so that he could 107 the island quickly. Ma Liang did as be was asked. 108 , the boat disappeared in the water and nobody ever saw the rich man again.
（23-24九年级下·河南安阳·阶段练习）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
enter steal what while another laugh visit politely height environment
Many years ago, there were many states in China. The State of Qi used to be very strong, but it became less powerful. Yanzi was a wise adviser, so the king of Qi sent him to ask Chu to support each other.
The king of Chu knew Yanzi was very short. He tried to make Yanzi feel shy about his 109 . When Yanzi arrived, the guard let him 110 through the small gate. Yanzi didn’t get angry. “Only a state of dogs will greet 111 with a gate for dogs. I’m visiting the State of Chu. This gate isn’t for me,” Yanzi said. So the guard had to take him through the main gate.
The king of Chu was unhappy at 112 Yanzi did. “Why did Qi send YOU Don’t they have anyone better ” the king tried 113 way.
“If Qi meets a great king, it’ll send the best ambassador (使臣). I’m the worst. That’s why I’m here,” Yanzi replied calmly. Just then, the guards brought a thief to the king. The thief was from Qi. “Ha! Yanzi, is Qi a state of thieves ” asked the king 114 .
Yanzi replied, “The orange trees south of the Huai River produce big and delicious fruit, 115 the orange trees north of the Huai River produce small and sour fruit. The 116 makes the fruit grow differently. In Qi, people are good and honest, but here, they 117 . What made that person a thief here ” Finally, the king looked at Yanzi and 118 , “I was wrong about you and your state!”
（22-23九年级上·河南郑州·阶段练习）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
but it which return bad make force strong for horse
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a war between the State of Wu and the State of Yue. The king of the State of Wu was 119 hurt and soon died. His son Fuchai became the new king. Fuchai was very sad and angry and he decided to fight back 120 his father’s death. He trained his army strictly until it was a perfect fighting 121 .
Two years later, Fuchai led his army to fight against the State of Yue and caught 122 king, Goujian, who was taken to the State of Wu. Goujian was put into a small stone house 123 was full of terrible smells and was made to raise 124 . Goujian worked hard and tried to keep himself quiet, 125 he never forgot his pain.
Goujian was set free and 126 to his own state after years’ of humiliation (羞辱). In order to 127 himself strong minded, he slept on firewood and had a taste of the gall bladder(胆囊) before having meals and going to bed. After a few years, his state became 128 . Then Goujian took hold of a golden opportunity (良机) to fight against the State of Wu and won in the end.
五、短文填空
（2024·山东济南·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During the Warring States Period, there was 129 man called Ban from the State of Lu. People usually called him Lu Ban. He 130 (know) as the most excellent carpenter (木匠) then. It is said that he once made a bird of wood. It was so lifelike that it flew 131 the sky for three days.
One day, a young carpenter came to a house which had a big red door. He 132 (hold) up his ax and said, “I am a great carpenter. No matter what kind of wood it is, I can make it into anything.” Hearing this, people around him all laughed. “This young carpenter 133 (talk) big now.” they thought. One of them pointed to the big red door behind him and said, “Young man, can you make a 134 (good) door than this one ” The young carpenter raised his head high 135 (show) his confidence. Then he said, “No problem! I used to be a student of Lu Ban.” The crowd laughed again. Someone said, “This is Lu Ban’s home. He made this door 136 (he).” The young carpenter’s face turned red and he ran away 137 (quick).
Thus comes the proverb “Ban Men Nong Fu”. It means showing off slight (微不足道的) 138 (skill) in front of an expert.
（23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Do you know any Chinese “chengyu” about dragons The Year of the Dragon is one of Chinese people’s f 139 years because they believe dragons can bring good luck.
The Records of Sanqin is a book written in the Han dynasty and it i 140 a story The Carp (鲤鱼) Jumped over the Dragon’s Gate. In the old days, the dragon’s gate was in the East China Sea. In this a 141 , the rushing water made a waterfall. The ruler Dayu wanted to p 142 one carp to be a gatekeeper if it could jump over the dragon’s gate. Every spring, craps swam to the dragon’s gate to jump over it. It was difficult because the gate was high and strong. Some carps swam r 143 hard and tried to jump high. But most of t 144 fell down into the river and gave up. Only one carp tried and tried again. At last, it m 145 to jump over it with the help of water. It touched Dayu a lot and he gave the carp a red print(印记) on its head. Amazingly, it t 146 the special carp into a dragon. In fact, the story of The Carp Jumped over the Dragon’s Gate is about the little fish w 147 a big dream. It offers us a wonderful l 148 . Let’s be brave like the carp, and jump over the dragon’s gate in our daily life.
（2024·河南周口·二模）阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
In the Warring States Period, there was a musician named Gongming Yi who 149 good at playing the guqin. One day he went to the countryside and noticed that there was a cow eating grass nearby. He got closer to the cow and played a beautiful piece of music 150 attract it, but the cow seemed to have no interest. After a while, he had an idea. He played randomly and the music sounded like the noise 151 flying mosquitoes (蚊子). To his surprise, the cow seemed to understand it. The cow was clearly more familiar with the sound of mosquitoes 152 pleasant music. It is really 153 waste of time to play the guqin for the cow.
（2023·江苏南通·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister Feng Deyi to recommend talented people. However, several months p 154 and Feng didn’t recommend anyone. “I tried my best, but there are not unusual and well-rounded people at all,” Feng said.
“People are like utensils (器皿). What we n 155 to do is to make good use of their strengths. You cannot excuse yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our country ” said the emperor.
That’s t 156 . Each utensil or tool has its use. A knife is made to cut things w 157 chopsticks are
made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick like a utensil, each person has a special strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t e 158 a person to be good at everything.
With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong d 159 many talented people of different backgrounds. He offered them i 160 positions, which helped them make the most of their talents. His talented people helped the society d 161 quickly and created a “golden age”.
A good e 162 is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family. Ma gave a lot of useful advice, so Emperor Taizong offered him a position and promoted him many times. Ma helped the emperor deal with many problems and became a well-known great person in h 163 .
（2022·广东深圳·二模）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷规定的位置上。
One day, the great thinker Mengzi visited Liang Hui Wang, the ruler of the Liang State during the Warring States Period in ancient China, from 371-335 BCE. The ruler said, “I care for my people. If the 164 (crop) fail to grow in the south, I move the people to the north. If there is a bad harvest in the north, I move the people south. The rulers of other states are not 165 me. They don’t help them when they are hungry. Why do my people run away 166 the number of people in their states is growing ”
“My lord, let me use the battlefield (战场) to show you. There is fighting and one side is winning. The soldiers on the losing side begin to run away because they 167 (not want) to get captured. A fast soldier runs 100 steps and a slower one runs 50 steps. When the soldier 168 (run) 50 steps looks ahead, seeing the soldiers with100 steps, he laughs at the faster soldier and calls him a coward. Do you think it’s right for the slower soldier 169 (judge) the other ”
“No. The slower one is no 170 (good) as he is not doing anything 171 (different).”
“Exactly. And you are also right about the other rulers. They may not care for their people during hard times 172 way you do. But you send your people into battle all the time. When you do this, you are not caring for your people, either. One hundred steps should not 173 (laugh) at by fifty steps.”
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文讲述了“囊萤映雪”的故事，以此鼓励我们克服困难去追求知识。
1．推理判断题。根据“Both of these kids later became successful government officials.”这两个孩子后来都成了成功的政府官员。可知这两位孩子都是在艰苦的条件下，创造不同的方式坚持读书，最后成为了成功人士，说明他们都是努力学习的和聪明的。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据“In the past, people had a much harder time studying than we do...these tough conditions did not stop young minds from pursuing knowledge.”可知艰苦困难的条件没有阻止他们追求知识。tough与hard“艰难的”意思接近。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“All of these stories inspire people to study hard in spite of difficulties. We can also learn from these stories. Although some may sound a little exaggerated (夸张的) and romanticized, they are just like the dim light of fireflies that light up the road to knowledge.”可知谢村认为这些故事是鼓舞人心的。故选B。
4．最佳标题题。根据最后一段“they are just like the dim light of fireflies that light up the road to knowledge”并结合全文可知本文讲述了“囊萤映雪”的故事，是如何鼓励我们克服困难去追求知识的，并把这些故事比作成光。所以C选项“光明指引你”，最适合做标题。故选C。
5．D 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“草船借箭”的故事。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100, 000 arrows in ten days.”可知，周瑜命令诸葛亮在十天内制造十万支箭。故选D。
6．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The 20 boats were tied together. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao.”可知，20艘船用结实的绳子系在一起，组成了船队，然后诸葛亮带着船队向曹操的营地进发；据此可以推断“fleet”意为“船队”。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段“Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, ‘Give me three days.’ Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows in line on the boats.”和第二段“On the early morning of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride.”可知，诸葛亮想出了借箭的主意。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段“As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they thought it was a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp.”可知，曹营一听到喊声和鼓声，就以为是周瑜的突然袭击。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100, 000 arrows in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible,”可知，周瑜认为在10天内弄到10万支箭是不可能的；据此可以推断，当诸葛亮
带着十万多支箭回来时，周瑜会感到很惊讶。故选A。
10．E 11．B 12．G 13．D 14．C
【导语】本文是将左栏五个成语故事的介绍和右栏是七个故事的启示相对应。
10．根据“In Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Wu (吴国) beat the state of Yue in a war. Goujian, the King of Yue, was caught and was asked to do hard work.”可知，讲的是越王勾践卧薪尝胆的故事。选项E“永远不要害怕失败。如果你有一颗坚强的心，努力工作，然后你就能成为赢家。记住：永远不要放弃！”符合，故选E。
11．根据“Yu Boya was good at playing an instrument called qin. One day, while he was playing his best work, High Mountains and Flowing Water, he met his best friend, Zhong Ziqi. Zhong enjoyed Yu’s music very much. After Zhong died, Yu never played qin again.”可知，这是讲述俞伯牙和钟子期的故事，强调知音难寻。选项B“好朋友往往有共同的兴趣。他们相互理解，可以一起玩得很好。有这样一个好朋友是多么幸运啊！”符合，故选B。
12．根据“During the Warring States Period, Duke Pingyuan of the state of Zhao wanted 20 people to go with him to the state of Chu to ask for help. But he only chose 19. Then a man called Mao Sui volunteered. With his help, the King of Chu agreed to help the state of Zhao.”可知，这是讲述“毛遂自荐”的故事，敢于主动推荐自己。选项G“我们应该永远对自己有信心。抓住每一个向别人展示自己的机会，然后我们就会成功。”符合，故选G。
13．根据“A farmer saw a rabbit bump (撞) into a big tree and die at once while he was working in the field. Without any effort, the farmer happily enjoyed a meal of rabbit meat.”可知，这是讲述“守株待兔”的故事，想不劳而获。选项D“一个人如果不努力工作就什么也得不到。我们不应该只凭运气等待意想不到的事情。”符合，故选D。
14．根据“Shang Yang in the state of Qin set up a 10-metre-long pole at the south gate. He said that anyone who could take it to the north gate would get 50 ounces (盎司) of silver.”可知，这是讲述商鞅说到做到，诚实可信。选项C“这个故事告诉我们，一个想要使国家强大的人必须首先赢得人民的信任。他应该遵守诺言。”符合，故选C。
15．C 16．D 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D
【导语】本文主要讲了揠苗助长的故事。
15．句意：他每天都去看他们，但水稻长得比他预期的要慢得多。
reported报道；planted种植；expected期待；finished完成。根据“Every day he went to see them, but the rice grew much slower than he…”，结合语境可知，此处应该表达水稻长得比他预期的要慢得多。故选C。
16．句意：然后他对自己说：我必须找到更好的方法来帮助他们更快地成长。
he他，主格；him他，宾格；myself我自己；himself他自己。根据“I must find a better way to help them grow faster.”可知，此处应该指的是他对自己说。故选D。
17．句意：最后，他想到了一个好主意。
mind主意；ground地面；mouth嘴巴；feeling感觉。根据后文“Then he rushed towards the fields. For the whole day, he was there to pull each crop upward.”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达的是他想到了一个好主意，mind，名词，意为“主意，想法”符合语境。故选A。
18．句意：他一直努力工作到日落。
before在……之前；till直到……；unless除非，如果不；after在……之后。根据“He worked hard…the sunset.”可知，此处应该指的是他一直努力工作到日落，所以till，意为“直到……”符合语境。故选B。
19．句意：他迫不及待地告诉他的家人他在白天所做的伟大的事情。
cancel取消；avoid避免；wait等待；translate翻译。根据“He couldn’t…to tell his family the great thing he had done in the daytime.”，结合选项可知，couldn’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”，固定用法。故选C。
20．句意：但是他太累了，上气不接下气。
such如此，后跟名词；that那个；then然后；so如此，后跟形容词。根据横线后“But he was…tired that he was out of breath.”，结合语境和句意可知，此处应该指的是他如此的累以致于上气不接下气，so/such…that…“如此……以致于……”，又因为tired是形容词，所以此处应该填入so。故选D。
21．句意：我筋疲力尽了，但你知道，我的努力没有白费。
efforts努力；effects效果；influence影响；material材料。根据“I am exhausted, but you know, my…were not in vain (白费的).”，结合语境可知，此处应该指的是我的努力没有白费。故选A。
22．句意：“我筋疲力尽了，但你知道，我的努力没有白费。我帮助所有的小庄稼长得更快。值得。”农民高兴地说，他甚至忍不住大声笑了起来。
smiling微笑；laughing大笑；jumping跳；crying哭。根据“the farmer said joyfully and he even couldn’t help…loudly.”，结合语境可知，此处应该填入laughing，意为“大笑”符合语境，表达他甚至忍不住大声笑了起来。故选B。
23．句意：然而，他的儿子发现了不对劲。
Otherwise否则；Anyway任何方式；However然而；Perhaps或许，可能。根据前文语境和“his son found something
wrong.”可知，此处与前文是转折关系，所以应该填入however，意为“然后”符合语境，位于句首，首字母要大写。故选C。
24．句意：他匆忙跑到田里，但是当他发现所有的庄稼都死了的时候已经太晚了。
came来；passed通过；left离开；died死。根据“He ran to the fields in a hurry, but it was too late when he found that all the crops…”和前文语境可知，此处应该指的是所有的庄稼都死了，died“死”，过去式，作谓语。故选D。
25．C 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．B 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．C 34．C
【导语】本文讲述了“退避三舍”的典故。
25． 句意：一舍是30里远。
much许多；fast快的；far远。根据“One she is as...as 30 li.”可知，一舍是30里远。故选C。
26．句意：他想去其他国。
offered提供；wanted想要；failed失败。根据“He...to travel to other states.”可知，他想去其他国。故选B。
27． 句意：楚成王视他为贵客，设宴款待他。
served服务；passed通过；showed展示。根据“King, Chengwang of Chu saw him as an important guest and...him a feast (盛宴).”可知，楚成王设宴款待他，served符合语境。故选A。
28．句意：我没有你喜欢的东西。
whose引导定语从句，先行词是人或物，关系词在从句中作定语；that引导定语从句，先行词是人或物，关系词在从句中作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，先行词是物，关系词在从句中作主语或宾语。先行词是复合不定代词，关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。
29．句意：然而，王仍然提出了一些要求。
already已经；still仍然；just只。根据“However, the king...asked for something.”可知，楚成王仍然提出了一些要求。故选B。
30．句意：后来，重耳回到晋国，成为晋国的统治者，名叫文公。
moved移动；returned返回；got得到。根据“Chong’er...to his home state of Jin and became its ruler called Wengong.”可知，重耳回到晋国，成为晋国的统治者，故选B。
31．句意：两国都想变得更强大，得到更多的土地。
persons人；countries国家；states国。根据“Both of the two...wanted to become stronger and get more land.”和
前文可知，楚国和晋国两个国都想变得更强大，故选C。
32．句意：晋文公没有食言。
break打破；accept接受；keep保持。根据“Jin Wengong didn’t...his promise. He asked his soldiers to retreat sanshe in Chengpu.”可知，晋文公遵守了承诺，没有食言，故选A。
33．句意：最后，晋国赢得了战争。
Above all最重要的是；At first首先；At last最后。根据“..., Jin won the war.”可知，最后晋国赢得了战争。故选C。
34．句意：在这场战争之后，人们用“退避三舍”来表示撤退以避免陷入冲突。
to come来，动词不定式；come动词原形；coming动名词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”。故选C。
35．B 36．D 37．B 38．D 39．A 40．B 41．A 42．C 43．D 44．C
【导语】本文主要讲述“空城计”这一故事。
35．句意：一天，诸葛亮陷入困境。
ashamed感到羞愧的；difficult困难的；strange奇怪的；amazing惊人的。根据后文介绍可知，诸葛亮处于困境中，故选B。
36．句意：据说司马懿的军队更近了，诸葛亮的援军还很远。
bigger更大的；smarter更聪明的；weaker更弱的；nearer更近的。根据“Sima Yi’s army was reported being...and Zhuge’s support was still far away.”可知，司马懿的军队更近了，诸葛亮的援军还很远。故选D。
37．句意：诸葛亮只有一个选择，那就是利用空城。
reason原因；choice选择；order命令；lesson课。根据“There was only one...for Zhuge to take, the use of empty city.”可知，诸葛亮只有一个选择，故选B。
38．句意：他吩咐他们打开城门，派他们去打扫道路。
mend修补；wash洗；clean打扫；open打开。根据“He told them to...the city gates and sent them to clean the roads.”可知，他吩咐他们打开城门，故选D。
39．句意：这些人不明白诸葛亮的要求，但诸葛亮告诉他们不要担心，他已经秘密派遣了许多士兵去参加即将到来的战争。
worry担心；care关心；fight打架；shout大叫。根据“but Zhuge told them not to...and he had secretly sent many soldiers around to fight the coming war”可知，诸葛亮告诉他们不要担心，故选A。
40．句意：然而，当他们到达时，看到敞开的大门，空荡荡的街道，只有几个做清洁工的老兵，他们就怀疑了，没有进入这个城市。
helpful有帮助的；doubtful怀疑的；joyful有趣的；hopeful有希望的。根据“they became...and didn’t enter the city”可知，诸葛亮的做法引起怀疑，故选B。
41．句意：司马懿认为这是一个诡计，因为诸葛一生没有做过什么不确定的计划，他的话不能轻易相信。
trick把戏；game游戏；quiz竞赛；joke玩笑。根据“Sima Yi believed it was a...since Zhuge had never taken any unsure plans in his life”可知，司马懿认为这是一个诡计，故选A。
42．句意：司马懿认为这是一个诡计，因为诸葛一生没有做过什么不确定的计划，他的话不能轻易相信。
kindly友善地；slowly缓慢地；easily容易地；happily开心地。根据“his words couldn’t be...trusted”可知，司马懿认为诸葛亮的话不能轻易相信，故选C。
43．句意：诸葛亮派赵云去攻打敌人，并且他马上就回了自己的国家。
gate大门；heart心；city城市；enemy敌人。根据“Zhuge Liang sent Zhao to attack the...”可知，诸葛亮派赵云去攻打敌人，故选D。
44．句意：当他第二次前往西城时，他遇到了赵云，并被打败。
fooled愚弄；shaken摇动；beaten打败；killed杀。根据“he met Zhao Yun and was...”可知，司马懿遇到了赵云，并被打败。故选C。
45．C 46．B 47．A 48．D 49．B 50．D 51．A 52．C
【导语】本文讲述了“退避三舍”的典故。
45．句意：一舍是30里远。
much许多；large大的；far远的；fast快的。根据“One she is as...as 30 li.”可知，一舍是30里远。故选C。
46．句意：他想去其他州。
offered提供；wanted想要；failed失败；promised承诺。根据“He...to travel to other states.”可知，他想去其他州。故选B。
47．句意：楚成王视他为贵客，设宴款待他。
served服务；passed通过；showed展示；paid付钱。根据“King, Chengwang of Chu saw him as an important guest and...him a feast(盛宴).”可知，楚成王设宴款待他。故选A。
48．句意：然而，王还是提出了一些要求。
always总是；already已经；just只；still仍然。根据“However, the king...asked for something.”可知，楚成王
还是提出了一些要求。故选D。
49．句意：后来，重耳回到晋国，成为晋国的统治者，名叫文公。
moved移动；returned返回；walked走路；got得到。根据“Chong’er...to his home state of Jin and became its ruler called Wengong.”可知，重耳回到晋国，成为晋国的统治者，故选B。
50．句意：两个州都想变得更强大，得到更多的土地。
persons人；countries国家；friends朋友；states州。根据“Both of the two...wanted to become stronger and get more land.”和前文可知，两个州都想变得更强大，故选D。
51．句意：晋文公没有食言。
break打破；make制作；keep保持；accept接受。根据“Jin Wengong didn’t...his promise. He asked his soldiers to retreat sanshe in Chengpu.”可知，晋文公遵守了承诺，没有食言，故选A。
52．句意：最后，晋国赢得了战争。
In fact事实上；At first首先；In the end最后；Above all最重要的是。根据“..., Jin won the war.”可知，最后晋国赢得了战争。故选C。
53．B 54．A 55．C 56．A 57．C 58．B 59．A 60．D 61．B 62．C 63．D 64．B 65．C 66．A 67．D
【导语】本文以中国古代“毛遂自荐”的典故告诉人们要相信自己，但也要把握好分寸，切勿过度自我。
53．句意：然而，“毛遂自荐”这话似乎并不认同这一点。
So所以；However然而；But但是；Anyway无论如何。根据上文“Modesty (谦逊) is a valuable quality in many cultures around the world. In China, this is no different.”可知，前文说到“谦虚”，而“毛遂自荐”似乎不太认同“谦逊”这一点，前后句意存在转折关系，且此空后有逗号，所以此空应是however，符合语境。故选B。
54．句意：平原亲王看到邯郸处于危险之中，遂向楚国求助。
Seeing看到（强调看到的结果）；Looking看（强调动作）；Smelling闻起来；Hearing听到。根据“During the Warring States Period, the Qin army marched (进军) on Handan.”可知，此空应是seeing，强调看到邯郸处于险境的这一事实。故选A。
55．句意：平原亲王向楚国求助。
to向，到；with与……一起；from来自；across穿过。根据“asked for help...the state of Chu”可知，此处用ask for help from...“向……寻求帮助”。故选C。
56．句意：但是，他只能找到19个足够优秀的人。
19十九；20二十；21二十一；22二十二。结合下文“Then, a man named Mao Sui...”可知，下文只提到了毛遂一个人向平原亲王自荐，所以在毛遂自荐前，平原亲王已找到的足够优秀的人应该只有19个。故选A。
57．句意：然后，一个名为毛遂的人自告奋勇。
complained抱怨；supposed设想；volunteered主动建议，自愿做；thought认为。根据“He wanted to pick 20 talented people to go with him. However, he could only find...people who were good enough. Then, a man named Mao Sui...”可知，平原亲王要挑20个有才能的人跟他一起去楚国，但他只找到19个足够优秀的人，于是毛遂就自荐了，此空应是是volunteered，符合语境。故选C。
58．句意：你跟随我多久了？
How often多长时间一次；How long多长时间；How much多少钱，多少；How far多远。根据后文“ Three years,”可知，该疑问句“...have you been here with me ”应以how long来提问。故选B。
59．句意：我听说有才能的人就像布袋里的锥子。
talent才能；smile微笑；interest兴趣；personality性格，个性。根据下文“Maybe you don’t have any talent.”可知，此处“a person with...”应是指有才能的人。故选A。
60．句意：它锋利的尖端会很快将布袋刺穿。
window窗口；wood木头；person人；bag袋子。结合前文“an awl (锥子) in a cloth bag”可知，尖端刺穿的应是布袋，此空是bag。故选D。
61．句意：你在这已经很久了，但我还没有看到你的任何功绩。
instruments乐器；achievements成就，功绩；products产品；methods方法，措施。根据上文“I hear that a person with...is like an awl (锥子) in a cloth bag. Its sharp point will soon pierce through the...”可知，有才能的人是会很快被注意到的，而毛遂在平原亲王那儿都已经很久了，却仍未被关注到，说明毛遂未创下任何功绩，此空应是achievements，符合语境。故选B。
62．句意：我现在请求您把我放进那个袋子里。
him他；her她；me我；them他们。根据下文“If you do that, I will pierce through it.”可知，毛遂说他会将袋子刺穿，所以毛遂对平原亲王说的是“恳请将我放进那个袋子里”，此空应是me。故选C。
63．句意：毛遂很自信地说。
patient有耐心的；happy开心的；careful仔细的，谨慎的；confident自信的。根据毛遂所说的话“What I’m asking you now is to put...into that bag. If you do that, I will pierce through it.”可知，他请求平亲王把他放进袋子里，他会把袋子刺穿，由此可推测，毛遂应是很自信地说这些话。故选D。
64．句意：平亲王印象深刻，他允许毛遂加入他的队伍了，并且事实成功证明了毛遂是很有帮助的。
simply简单地；successfully成功地；quietly安静地；politely有礼貌地。根据“Prince Pingyuan allowed Mao to join his team, and Mao...proved very helpful”可知，此处应是表示事实成功证明了毛遂是有用处的，此空是successfully，符合语境。故选B。
65．句意：现在“毛遂自荐”这个成语被用来描述自愿完成任务的人。
control控制；allow允许；describe描述；record记录。根据“Now the phrase “Mao Sui recommending himself” is used to...someone who volunteers to do a task.”可知，此处应是表示这个成语被用来描述某种类型的人，此空是describe，符合语境。故选C。
66．句意：然而，在自信与傲慢之间有条很微妙的界限。
line界限；river河；land陆地；room房间，空间。根据“there is a fine...between self-confidence and arrogance (傲慢)”可知，此处应是表示自信与傲慢只是一线之隔，即它俩之间是有界限的，此空应是line，符合语境。故选A。
67．句意：相信自己很重要，但是强烈的自我主义会损害你的事业及职业关系。
help帮助；guide指引，指导；cause造成；harm伤害，损害。根据“It’s important to believe in yourself, but a strong ego (自我) can...your career and professional relationships.”可知，but表转折，即前后句意存在转折关系，相信自己固然重要，但过度的自我则有损事业及职业关系，此空应是harm，符合句意。故选D。
68．B 69．B 70．D 71．C 72．A 73．C 74．A 75．A 76．D 77．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了大禹治水的故事。
68．句意：许多年过去了，麻烦又爆发了。
diseases疾病；troubles麻烦；wars战争；skies天空。根据下文“One of them was a big flood.”可知，洪水爆发，进而猜测麻烦又爆发了。故选B。
69．句意：在尧帝统治期间，在黄河流域，人们被迫离开他们的村庄，住在树上或山上。
build up建造；give up放弃；clean up打扫干净；look up抬头看。根据句子的后半部分“go to live in trees or mountains”可知，人们去住在树林中或大山里，进一步推知人们不得不离开家园即放弃他们的家园。故选B。
70．句意：洪水给人们的生活带来了很大的破坏。
hope希望；message短信；convenience方便；damage毁坏。根据上文“the people were forced to ... their villages
and go to live in trees or mountains”可知，洪水给人们的生活带来巨大的破坏。故选D。
71．句意：尧帝对人们的痛苦感到很伤心。
doubtful怀疑的；shy害羞的；sorry抱歉的；peaceful和平的。根据“Emperor Yao felt ... for the suffering of the people, so he asked Gun to solve the problem.”可推知, sorry符合语境。故选C。
72．句意：接到命令，鲧带领他的团队修堤坝以阻挡洪水，但失败了。
order命令；help帮助；letter信件；gift礼物。根据上文“he asked Gun to solve the problem”可知，他让Gun去解决这个问题， 所以下文应是Gun收到命令。故选A。
73．句意：禹接受了这份工作，他发现这比他想的难得多。
easier更容易的；more interesting更有趣的；more difficult更困难的；stranger更奇怪的。根据下文“But he fought against the great flood bravely. For thirteen years, he devoted (投入) himself to his work. He passed his house three times but did not ... it.”可知，13年以来, 他全身心的投入到这个工作中，甚至三过家门而不入，所以推知，治水要比他想的更困难。故选C。
74．句意：他三次经过家门却没有进入。
enter进入；remember记住；look看；find发现。根据“He passed his house three times but did not ... it.”中的but可知，他三次经过他的家却没有进去。故选A。
75．句意：他吸取父亲失败的教训，他用挖道和疏浚的方法成功地控制了洪水。
successfully成功地；suddenly突然地；hardly几乎不；secretly秘密地。根据“Drawing a lesson from his father’s failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging (挖道和疏浚) and controlled the great flood ... .”及后文“ He did so much for the people that people called him “ Yu the Great” and Emperor Shun ... him as the next emperor.”可知，他吸取了他爸爸的失败教训，采用了疏通的办法，他为人们做了这么多，人们称他为“大禹”而且舜帝选他为下一个大帝，进一步推知他成功地控制住了洪水。故选A。
76．句意：他为人民做了这么多以至于人们称他为“大禹”，并且舜帝选他当下一个皇帝。
used使用；worked工作；described描述；chose选择。根据“Emperor Shun …him as the next emperor”可知，选他为下一任皇帝，chose符合语境。故选D。
77．句意：他是这么一个聪明、坚强和伟大的人，因此他值得我们学习。
useless无用的；busy忙碌的；afraid害怕的；worth值得的。根据“He was such a wise strong-minded and great person that he is ... learning from.”可知，他是一个那么聪明的、意志坚强的、 伟大的人，结合选项可知 be worth doing固定短语，“值得做某事”符合语境。故选D。
78．A 79．C 80．A 81．B 82．C 83．A 84．C 85．A 86．B 87．C
【导语】本文通过一个久远的民间传说，向我们介绍了中国十二生肖中的龙，被视为聪明和吉祥的象征的原因。
78．句意：龙是中国十二生肖中的第五个。
the fifth第五，the+序数词；fifth第五，序数词；five五，是基数词。根据“...in the Chinese zodiac...”可知，此句要表达的是十二生肖里龙的排位，序数词前加the。故选A。
79．句意：然而，村里的农田被灾害所困扰。
Luckily幸运的是；Generally通常；However然而。根据第二段中“...people lived a quiet and peaceful life”和“...the village was plagued by disasters.”可知，人们本过着平静祥和的生活，却因农田受灾困扰，两个句子间应用转折词。故选C。
80．句意：他告诉村民们他听过一个传说，在遥远的山里有一条龙，它可以帮助人们解决问题。
that引导的宾语从句一般为陈述句，其本身没有词义，非正式语境中可以省略；if引导的宾语从句由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来，意为“是否”；where作连接副词可以引导宾语从句，意为“哪里”。根据空格后面所陈述内容可知，此处引导词应为“that”。故选A。
81．句意：他告诉村民们他听过一个传说，在遥远的山里有一条龙，它可以帮助人们解决问题。
solved解决，过去式；solve解决，动词原形；solves解决，动词三单。help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事，后用动词原形。故选B。
82．句意：听到这个消息，村民们满怀希望，决定组织一次寻找龙的长途旅行。
in在里面；with和；of……的。full of表示“充满，充溢”，固定搭配。故选C。
83．句意：他们经历了许多困难，但是村民们没有放弃。
difficulties困难（difficulty的复数形式）；difficulty困难；difficult困难的。根据“many”可知，此空应为可数名称复数形式。故选A。
84．句意：最后，他们在一座高山上发现了龙。
finding发现（find的现在分词形式）；find发现；found发现（find的过去式）。根据本文语境可知，应用一般过去时态。故选C。
85．句意：村民们向龙表达了他们的愿望和烦恼。
their他们的，形容词性物主代词，后面跟名词；they他们，人称代词主格；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词，后面不跟名词。根据空格后面“wishes and troubles...”可知，此处应为形容词性物主代词。故选A。
86．句意：从那时起，农田开始丰收，村民们过着幸福健康的生活。
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面；an通常用在以元音音素开头的单词前面。live a/an ... life表示“过……生活”，根据空后单词“happy”可知，是辅音音素开头，此处应用“a”。故选B。
87．句意：因此在中国，龙往往被视为明智和吉祥的象征。
see看见；saw看见（see的过去式）；seen看见（see的过去分词）。根据此句语义可知，应用被动语态，be seen as表示“被视为”。故选C。
88．C 89．B 90．C 91．B 92．A 93．B 94．A 95．C 96．B 97．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了诸葛亮草船借箭的故事。
88．句意：周瑜觉得不可能。
possible可能的；possibly可能地；impossible不可能的。根据“but Zhuge Liang said, “Give me three days.” ”可知但是诸葛亮说给三天时间，由转折可知，诸葛亮觉得可能，周瑜觉得不可能。故选C。
89．句意：然后他让鲁肃借给他20艘船。
he他，主格；him他，宾格；his他的。动词lend后接人称代词宾格。故选B。
90．句意：在第三天的一大早。
a一，用于辅音音素前；an一，用于元音音素前；the表示特指。序数词third前应用定冠词the。故选C。
91．句意：河的表面被浓雾覆盖着。
is covered被覆盖，一般现在时；was covered被覆盖，一般过去时；is covering正在覆盖。句子是一般过去时，主语surface和动词cover是动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
92．句意：当诸葛的舰队接近曹营时，诸葛亮命令他的士兵大喊大叫，重重地敲鼓。
ordered命令；will order将会命令；has ordered已经命令。句子是一般过去时，此处应用过去式。故选A。
93．句意：因为他们看不到河上的人，他们不得不命令3000名士兵射箭来阻止突如其来的袭击。
Before在之前；Because因为；After在之后。根据“ they could see nobody on the river”可知他们看不到河上的人，这是他们射箭的原因，应用because。故选B。
94．句意：稻草人的前面很快就充满了箭。
of……的；to朝；on在上面。短语be full of表示“充满”。故选A。
95．句意：过了一会儿，诸葛亮让他的舰队从河的另一边调头，让稻草人面对曹营。
get得到；getting得到；to get去得到。此处应用不定式表示调头的目的。故选C。
96．句意：两边都装满了箭，破晓了。
side边；sides边，复数；side’s边的。both后接可数名词复数。故选B。
97．句意：最后，他们总共收集了10多万支箭。
much多的；more更多的；most最多的。短语more than表示“多于”。故选B。
98．himself 99．to help 100．When 101．surprised 102．farmers 103．touched 104．However 105．gold 106．excitement 107．reach 108．Finally
【导语】本文讲述了神笔马良的故事。
98．句意：但是他太穷了，没有钱给自己买一支画笔。根据“He loved painting. But he was too poor to buy a brush for...”和备选词汇可知，他很喜欢画画，但是因为太穷，所以没钱给自己买画笔。空处应填入he的反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。
99．句意：用这支神笔去帮助穷人。根据“Use this magic brush...the poor,”可知，此处应是use sth. to do sth.“使用某物去做某事”，结合备选词汇，可知help“帮助”符合语境，空处应是to help。故填to help。
100．句意：当马良醒来时，他发现自己手里有一把画笔。根据“...Ma Liang woke up, he found the brush in his hand.”和备选词汇可知，空处应是when，引导时间状语从句，表示“当醒来时，马良发现手里有一支画笔”。故填When。
101．句意：他画了一只鸟，惊讶地看到它飞出了书页，飞出了窗户。根据“He painted a bird...to see it fly off the page and out of the window”可知，画在纸上的鸟竟然成真了，这让马良感到很惊讶，空处应填入形容词surprised“惊讶的”，修饰人。故填surprised。
102．句意：他为农民画水牛，为饥饿的人画食物，为寒冷的人画衣服。根据“He painted buffaloes (水牛) for..., food for hungry people and clothes for people who were cold.”和备选词汇可知，此处应是表示为农民画水牛，空处应填入farmer的复数形式，表泛指。故填farmers。
103．句意：人们被马良的帮助所感动，感受到了温暖。根据“People were...by Ma Liang’s help and got a feeling of warmth.”和备选词汇可知，人们被马良的帮助所感动了，be touched by“被……所感动”符合语境。故填touched。
104．句意：然而，一个有钱人让马良为他画金子。根据上文“He painted buffaloes (水牛) for...food for hungry people and clothes for people who were cold.”可知，马良原是帮助那些需要帮助的人，结合“a rich man asked Ma Liang to paint gold for him”可知，有钱人竟也让马良为他画金子，故此处应表示转折，however符合语境。
故填However。
105．句意：为了应付这个无礼的要求，马良画了一座黄金岛和海中的一艘船。根据上文“a rich man asked Ma Liang to paint gold for him”可知，此处指黄金岛，gold“黄金”是不可数名词。故填gold。
106．句意：他兴奋地继续赶路。根据“The rich man got into the boat at once. He went on his way in...”和备选词汇可知，那个有钱人立马上了船，然后兴奋地继续赶路，要去往那个黄金岛。in excitement“兴奋地”符合语境。故填excitement。
107．句意：他让马良画强风和巨浪，这样他就能很快到达那个岛。根据“asked Ma Liang to paint a strong wind and huge waves so that he could...the island quickly”和备选词汇可知，那个有钱人之所以让马良画强风和巨浪，是因为他想要快点儿到达黄金岛。could后接动词原形，reach“到达”符合语境。故填reach。
108．句意：最后，船消失在水里，再也没有人见过那个富人。根据“...a rich man asked Ma Liang to paint gold for him...the boat disappeared in the water and nobody ever saw the rich man again.”和备选词汇可知，此处讲述的是“富人要马良为他画金子”的故事的最后结局，finally“最后”符合语境。故填Finally。
109．height 110．enter 111．visitors 112．what 113．another 114．impolitely 115．while 116．environment 117．steal 118．laughed
【导语】本文主要讲述了晏子使楚的历史故事。
109．句意：他试图让晏子对自己的身高感到羞愧。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填一个名词，结合下文“When Yan Zi arrived, the guard told him to enter through the small gate.”可知，此处是指让晏子对自己的身高感到羞愧，height表示“身高”，符合语境。故填height。
110．句意：晏子到了，卫兵让他从小门进去。根据“through the small gate”可知是从小门进去，用enter表示“进入”，let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填enter。
111．句意：只有狗的国家才会用狗的大门迎接访问者。空格处应填一个名词作宾语，结合下文“I’m visiting the State of Chu.”可知，此处是指迎接访问者，visitor表示“访问者”，为可数名词，空格前无冠词，所以此处用复数名词。故填visitors。
112．句意：楚王对晏子的所作所为很不高兴。空格处引导宾语从句，且引导词在从句中作宾语，指代物，所以用引导词what。故填what。
113．句意：“齐国为什么派你来？”他们没有更好的人选吗？”国王又试了另一种方法。结合前文提到楚国以狗洞迎接晏子可知，此处是指国王又用另一种方法羞辱晏子，another表示“又一”，符合语境。故填another。
114．句意：“哈！晏子，齐国是贼国吗？”国王不礼貌地问道。空格处应填一个副词修饰动词“asked”，结合语境可知，楚王是在不礼貌地问。故填impolitely。
115．句意：淮河以南的橙树果实大而美味，而淮河以北的橙树果实小而酸。分析可知，空格前后存在转折关系，所以用while表示“然而”。故填while。
116．句意：环境使水果生长不同。空格处应填一个名词作主语，结合前文提到橙树果实在淮河以南和淮河以北的差异可知，此处是指环境使水果生长不同。故填environment。
117．句意：在齐国，人们善良诚实，但在这里，他们偷窃。根据下文“What made that person a thief here ”可知，此处是指人们在楚国偷窃，steal表示“偷”，符合语境，结合句子是一般现在时及句子主语“they”可知，此处应用动词原形。故填steal。
118．句意：最后，楚王看着晏子笑了。根据前文“The king of Chu was unhappy”及下文“I was wrong about you and your state!”可知，此处是指楚王看着晏子笑了，laugh表示“笑”，结合空前“and”为并列连词可知，空格处应用动词过去式。故填laughed。
119．badly 120．for 121．force 122．its 123．which 124．horses 125．but 126．returned 127．make 128．strong
【导语】本文主要讲述了古代越王勾践流放吴国，后来卧薪尝胆打败吴国的故事。
119．句意：吴王受了重伤，不久就死了。根据“hurt and soon died”可知，受了严重的伤，badly“严重地”，副词修饰动词hurt，故填badly。
120．句意：夫差非常伤心和愤怒，他决定为父亲的死而战。根据“fight back … his father’s death.”可知，为了父亲的死而战，for“为了”符合，故填for。
121．句意：他严格训练他的军队，直到成为一支完美的战斗部队。根据“until it was a perfect fighting”及备选词可知，直到军队成为一支完美的战斗部队，force“武装部队”，故填force。
122．句意：两年后，夫差率军攻打越国，抓到越王勾践，被押送到吴国。根据“the State of Yue”可知，此处指抓到了它的国王，its“它的”符合，故填its。
123．句意：勾践被关进一间满是难闻气味的小石屋，用来养马。根据“Goujian was put into a small stone house…was full of terrible smells”可知，此处是定语从句，缺少关系词，which符合，故填which。
124．句意：勾践被关进一间满是难闻气味的小石屋，用来养马。根据“was made to raise”及备选词可知，被要求在那养马，horse“马”，此空应填复数形式，故填horses。
125．句意：勾践努力工作，努力让自己保持沉默，但他从未忘记自己的痛苦。“Goujian worked hard and tried to keep himself quiet”与“he never forgot his pain”是转折关系，用but连接，故填but。
126．句意：勾践被释放，在多年的屈辱后回到了自己的国家。根据“to his own state after years’ of humiliation”及备选词可知，经历多年屈辱后返回到自己的国家，return“返回”，根据was可知，此空应填动词过去式，故填returned。
127．句意：为了坚强自己的意志，他睡在柴火上，吃饭和睡觉前尝了一口胆囊。根据“In order to…himself strong minded”及备选词可知，为了让自己保持坚强的意志，make“使，让”，in order to do sth“为了做某事”，故填make。
128．句意：几年后，他的国家变得强大起来。根据“Then Goujian took hold of a golden opportunity (良机) to fight against the State of Wu and won in the end”可知，国家变得强大起来，有了反击的机会，strong“强壮的”，形容词作表语，故填strong。
129．a 130．was known 131．in 132．held 133．is talking 134．better 135．to show 136．himself 137．quickly 138．skills
【导语】本文主要讲述了成语“班门弄斧”的来源。
129．句意：战国时期，鲁国有一个人，名叫班。man“人”，单数形式，前面用不定冠词a，表示“一个人”。故填a。
130．句意：他被认为是当时最优秀的木匠。be known as“被认为是……”，时态为一般过去时，主语为“He”，be动词用was。故填was known。
131．句意：它栩栩如生，在天上飞了三天。in the sky“在天上”。故填in。
132．句意：他举起斧子说：“我是一位伟大的木匠。”根据“One day, a young carpenter came”可知，时态为一般过去时，用hold的过去式held。故填held。
133．句意：这位年轻的木匠现在正在说大话。根据“now”可知，时态为现在进行时，结构为“be + v-ing”；主语为“This young carpenter”，be动词用is。故填is talking。
134．句意：年轻人，你能造一扇比这更好的门吗？根据“than”可知，此处用good“好的”的比较级better。故填better。
135．句意：年轻的木匠高高地抬起头，表现出他的自信。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to show。
136．句意：这扇门是他自己做的。此处表示门是鲁班自己做的