2024年中考英语热点话题语篇训练：中国历史与外国历史（含解析）

中国历史与外国历史20篇
一、阅读理解
Learning is part of teen’s life. History makes men wise. Do you want to know more
Many people think that the Chinese civilization (文明) began around the Yellow River, stretching back over 5,000 years without interruption (中断). Compared to other civilizations of the time, Chinese culture stayed largely the same as today’s culture. The other nations fell into wars and disappeared, or were controlled by other nations, though.
1．What is Chinese culture special about
A．It is rich. B．It begins early.
C．It lasts till now. D．It has many dynasties.
2．Which dynasty lasts the longest time
A．The Xia Dynasty. B．The Shang Dynasty.
C．The Zhou Dynasty. D．The Qin Dynasty.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Bronze was first used by the Zhou people.
B．The Xia people usually wrote on turtle shells.
C．Silk products were popular in the Shang Dynasty.
D．The Qin Dynasty is the beginning of Imperial China.
Do you know the May Fourth Movement It was a political, anti-imperialist (反帝国主义) movement launched by students and joined by people from all walks of life.
The movement gets its name from a protest (抗议) held in Beijing on May 4, 1919. The protest followed the announcement of the Treaty of Versailles (《凡尔赛条约》) that concluded WWI. According to the treaty, Germany’s colonial rights (殖民权) in China were not cancelled, but were turned over to the Japanese.
The movement called upon people to fight for independence and pushed for more diverse (多样的) thinking. Young men and women called for women’s rights and crit c zed (批评) the tradition of arranged marriages. Writers explored new forms of literature. Other people looked at political and social thought, like Marxism (马克思主义), to find a path for China’s future.
The May Fourth Movement is very important in China’s history. “It was a great social revolutionary (革命性的) movement launched by the Chinese people to save the nation from subjugation (镇压), safeguard national dignity (尊严) and pool (汇聚) national strength together,” said President Xi Jingping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee.
The spirit of the movement is still a central value for Chinese youth today. Xi underlined the need to strengthen studies of the May Fourth Movement and its spirit during a speech at the group study session of the political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Xi’s call for greater study of the movement will help younger generations better understand the value of its spirit.
Chen Yuhao, a postgraduate student at the University of International Business and Economics, said the spirit of patriotism (爱国主义), progress, democracy (民主) and science are still core values (核心价值) of Chinese youth and should be upheld and carried forward in the new era (时代).
4．What do we know about the May Fourth Movement
A．It was China’s first protest movement.
B．It was a movement to fight for students’ rights.
C．It took place before World War I.
D．It called for changes in different kinds of areas.
5．What does the word “underlined” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．划线 B．展示 C．强调 D．意识到
6．What is the main idea of the passage
A．What the May Fourth Movement was and why it is important.
B．How the May Fourth Movement was organized and developed.
C．How the anniversary of the May Fourth Movement was celebrated.
D．What students did to carry forward the spirit of the May Fourth Movement.
配对阅读。左栏是五位同学参观红色革命根据地的所见所获，右栏是七个中国著名革命根据地的介绍，请根据左栏五位同学的介绍在右栏中找出对应的革命根据地。
7 Lin Mi learned something about how the Red Army built the revolutionary base area(革命根据地) after the Long March(长征). 8 Wu Long’s parents took him to visit the hometown of president Mao Zedong and he knew more about our great leader. 9 He Hui visited the capital city of Jiangxi. She learned something about the Nanchang Uprising(起义) in 1927. 10 Zhang Zixin visited many red historical sites and learned how the Red Army was founded at the beginning. 11 Han Rui learned an important conference. It was on this conference that Mao Zedong was chosen as the leader of our Party. A．Shaoshan is the hometown of president Mao Zedong. There are seven tourist areas. The top sights are Mao’s house, the Memorial Hall of Mao and some other places. B．Xibaipo is a small town in Shijiazhuang. Before the People’s Republic was founded, our Party held an important meeting there. It was one of the most important meetings that changed our history. C． Jinggang Mountains are famous for its very great red culture. There are 29 red historical sites, including the former house of president Mao Zedong the first hospital of China’s Red Army, a revolution museum, and a battle site. It was there that the Red Army was founded. D．Yan’an is the great land of the Communist Party of China revolution. It was the revolutionary base area when the first Red Army arrived there on October 10, 1935 after the Long March. E. There are tens of famous places in Zunyi. The most famous one is the place of Zunyi Conference(会议). Zunyi Conference was held in 1935. On this conference Mao Zedong was chosen as the leader of the Communist Party of China for the first time. F. Weishan Lake lies in Shandong. During the revolutionary period, the people there helped our army to fight against the enemies time by time. G. Nanchang is regarded as a hero city in China. Nanchang was the site of an important uprising: the August 1 Nanchang Uprising(1927). It
was led by Zhou Enlai and He Long. This uprising is the beginning of China’s Army Day.
The name of every British town and city has a long history.
Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts (凯尔特人). Even the word “Britain” is Celtic. Then the Romans arrived and built camps. These camps became cities called “castra”. This is why there are so many place names in England that end in “-chester” or “-caster”. Manchester is one example.
After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by Anglo-Saxon people and became its new owners. These people were from the area that is now Germany and the Netherlands (荷兰). The names of their villages often ended in “-ham” or “-ton”. Some got their names from the leaders of the villages, so Birmingham, for example, means “Beormund’s village”.
Twelve hundred years ago, Vikings (维京人) came to England. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. These often ended in “-by” or “-thorpe”. The name “Kirkby” means “a village with a church (教堂)” and Scunthorpe was the village of a man called Skuma. Finally, in 1066, England became Norman (诺曼人的)—the Normans gave us the place name “grange”, which means “farm”.
And how about London Experts cannot agree! The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first people there. People once believed that the United Kingdom’s capital city was named for the castle (城堡) of a king called Lud, but this is almost impossible. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning “a fast-flowing river”.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
12．Why are there so many place names in England that end in “-chester” or “-caster”
A．Because some place names were from the leaders of the villages.
B．Because camps built by Romans later became cities called “castra”.
C．Because there were many farmers in these places.
D．Because people in these places traded with the Anglo-Saxons.
13．What does the underlined word “attacked” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．practiced B．hit. C．explained D．reported
14．Which is the right order of the following facts
①Vikings came to England and trade with the Anglo-Saxons.
②The Romans arrived in Britain and built camps.
③England became Norman and was named “grange”, which means farm.
④The Anglo-Saxons attacked Britain.
A．①④②③ B．②③①④ C．①②④③ D．②④①③
15．Which guess about London’s name was the best
A．It was named for the castle of a king called Lud. B．It was from a village of a man named Skuma.
C．It came from a Celtic word meaning fast-flowing river. D．It was called Londinium by the Romans.
16．What does this passage mainly talk about
A．Different kinds of people in Britan. B．Different lives of people in Britain.
C．Different histories of place names in Britain. D．Different names of people in Britain.
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in fight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
17．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is trusted.
18．What does the author mean by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific. B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay. D．His record was one-sided.
19．What does the word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society.
20．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects D．How Art Works Tell Stories
The first castles were built in Europe around the 9th century. These castles were very strong buildings where a king or prince could live safely with his army around him. Such castles let the king or prince watch out for attacks and keep out the people he did not like. The castles also let the king or prince watch the people who lived around the castle.
There were not many castles in Europe around 900 AD, but around 1000 AD things changed. Suddenly, many people were building castles because there was an increase in the fighting in Europe during this time. In 1066, William the Conqueror ordered that many castles must be built in England because he was trying to control the people of England. But William was not alone. Because there were many kings and princes fighting in Europe, many more castles were built. These castles were built to be very strong, so some of them can still be seen today.
The first castles used a simple design. A tower was put on top of a lot of earth. All this earth was put under the tower to make it very tall. Moving all this earth made a huge hole all around the tower. Often, this large hole was filled with water. Stone or wood bridges were used to go across this water to get into the tower. A wall was built around the open area near the tower. The family of the king or prince and some of the people who served him lived
within this area so that they would be safe. The first castles were made largely of wood in the beginning, but stone became more popular over time. This was because wood catches fire and burns easily. Stone was a better choice for castles.
21．The first castles were built in Europe so that a king or prince ______.
A．stopped their enemies attacking
B．kept out the animals he did not like
C．watched the people who lived far away from the castle
D．lived a rich and happy life with his family around him
22．Around 1000 AD, more castles were built in Europe because ______.
A．William the Conqueror let people do it
B．there were more fights during that time
C．more people wanted to control England
D．many kings tried to make them stronger
23．What were the first castles made mainly of at first
A．Stone. B．Earth. C．Wood. D．Water.
24．What’s the purpose of writing the text
A．To introduce the fights in Europe. B．To introduce the castles in Europe.
C．To describe kings’ or princes’ lives. D．To describe William the Conqueror.
Up, up, and away! How could a superhero fly through the sky and take down bad guys without a cape But superheroes aren’t the first to wear this fashionable (时尚的) clothing. People have worn capes for a long time.
With most closing at the neck, any outer covering without sleeves (衣袖) can usually be called a cape. Cape styles have changed quite a lot, starting with those worn by the ancient Romans. They were fastened (扎着) or tied at the front. Or they were fixed at the shoulder with a small piece of metal. The ancient Romans wore capes for
protecting the clothes from bad weather, providing warmth, and showing social position. As time went on, capes became more important in social position. For example, capes made with fur were worn by kings. Capes were also seen as part of senior soldiers’ uniforms. Once women began wearing them in the 1800s, however, the cape became more about fashion. The cape remained a favorite in women’s fashion until the 1950s.
When Superman came on the scene in the 1930s, his red cape was seen as a superhero’s uniform. It was always connected with bravery and physical power. Capes had another interesting reason for appearing on superheroes. Since most superheroes first appeared in comic (漫画) books, comic book artists could use a cape to show which way and how quickly a character was moving. When you saw a superhero’s cape sticking straight, you knew he was flying as fast as he could to save the day.
25．Picture _______ shows the meaning of the underlined sentence.
A． B． C． D．
26．According to the passage, the ancient kings wore capes mainly for _______.
A．marking the social position B．keeping warm in cold days
C．protecting the clothes inside D．showing the physical power
27．From Paragraph 1 and 2, we can learn that _______.
A．superman is the first to wear the cape in the history
B．people wear capes inside clothes to provide warmth
C．capes used to be worn by senior soldiers as well
D．capes were popular with women before the 1800s
28．Comic book artists use a cape to show _______.
A．how much the superhero has changed in style
B．how fashionable the superhero’s clothing was
C．how important the superhero was in social position
D．how fast the superhero flew and moved in the sky
29．This text mainly talks about _______.
A．the history of capes B．the wearers of capes
C．the styles of capes D．the importance of capes
In the 19th century, millions of Europeans went to the USA because they wanted to find a better life. Many of them couldn’t find work in cities like New York. 30 The people, called settlers (殖民者), travelled west through the mountains on the Oregon Trail.
Some of these people hoped to find gold in California. The journey sometimes took more than one year. There are a lot of films, called Westerners, about the settlers on the trail. In most of the films, we see the Native Americans (American Indians) attacking the settlers, and the “Indians” killing many white people. But the truth is that the Native Americans were not the biggest problem for the settlers. In fact, most of them were very helpful to the settlers.
31 Many of them walked 3200 kilometers, the whole length of the trail. They had wagons (马车), but the wagons were often too full, so people could not travel in them. 32 The people were very poor and many did not even have shoes—they walked the whole trail barefoot, in very low temperatures.
More than 50000 people, including many women and children, died on the trail. A lot of people died of illnesses like cholera, because the drinking water wasn’t clean.
33 Many people died under the wheels of wagons, or from accidental gunshots.
A．It is true that the settlers’ journey was extremely difficult.
B．Many parents also had to carry their small children.
C．Many of them lost their home.
D．They hoped they could make more money.
E．There were also a lot of accidents.
F．So they left and went to find farmland in the west.
A castle was the fortress (堡垒) and home of a king or nobleman.
Most of the castles we think of today were built in Europe. They were built from about 1, 000 AD to about 1,
500 AD, during a period known as the Middle Ages.
Castles played an important role after the fall of the Roman Empire. When a king granted land to nobles, the nobles promised in return to serve the king and provide him with soldiers. Nobles built castles on the lands given to them. But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it. That was asking for trouble. There were many power struggles between nobles and kings, and among the nobles themselves.
A typical stone castle had several main parts. At the centre of the castle was a tall and very strong building called the keep. This is where people in the castle made their last stand if the outer defences (防御) failed. The keep was set in a courtyard, where there were workshops, stables, and a kitchen.
High, thick walls surrounded the keep and the courtyard. Strong, round defensive towers stood at the corners of the walls. Guards walked along the tops of the walls and towers.
Many stone castles were surrounded by a wide ditch called a moat (护城河). Some moats were filled with water, but many were not. The only way into the castle was across a wooden drawbridge over the moat. If enemies attacked, the defenders raised the bridge. Then they lowered a heavy iron-and-wood barrier called a portcullis to block the entrance to the castle.
A well-built castle was a pretty safe place to be. Attackers had a hard time getting in. But they still had some options. They could go over the walls using ladders. They could smash (撞碎) through the walls or doors. Or they could dig under the walls and try to get part of the wall to fall down. If none of those things worked, they could just camp outside until the defenders ran out of food.
Attackers sometimes brought large machines called siege engines with them to break through castle doors or walls. This was a heavy wooden beam with a metal cap. In the early 1500s, cannons entered wide use in warfare. Cannonballs could dig into the base of stone walls and weaken them. The walls then fell under their own weight. As a result, castles were no longer needed.
34．The underlined word “That” refers to the fact that ________.
A．nobles built castles on the lands given to them B．the nobles promised to serve the king in return
C．some nobles simply claimed land as their own D．the nobles provided the king with soldiers
35．How many choices are mentioned to occupy a castle before the sixteenth century
A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6
36．What can we infer from the passage
A．Some castles were built to attract more visitors.
B．Kings in ancient Europe were more generous.
C．Portcullises were used to break through castle doors.
D．Warfare must be common from 1, 000 AD to about 1, 500 AD．
37．What is the best subtitle of the last two paragraphs
A．Attacking a castle B．Visiting a castle C．A pretty safe place D．Weakness of a castle
If you love all things about ancient Egypt (埃及), there is good news. Egyptologists (埃及古物学者) have discovered the lost golden city.
A team of archaeologists (考古学家)have discovered a 3000-year-old city under the sands. The city, Aten, is the largest ancient Egyptian city ever found.
Archaeologists first found Aten back in the summer of 2020. It lies near Luxor, which is famous for the Valley of the Kings (帝王谷).
Dr Zahi Hawass is one of the leading Egyptologists. He said, “Many foreign teams searched for this city and never found it.”
When the team uncovered Aten, they were surprised to discover that it was in such good condition. The city had walls that were 3 meters high!
After several months of careful work, the team has found many exciting things.
Betsy Bryan is a professor of Egyptology at Johns Hopkins University. She said the city was the “second most important archaeological discovery since the tomb of Tutankhamun (图坦卡蒙墓).” This is because she believes it will help us learn about what Egyptian life was like during one of its wealthiest periods (时期).
Howard Carter discovered Tutankhamun tomb near the Valley of the Kings in 1922, nearly a century ago. The team hopes that in the future they will discover more tombs with treasure.
So, who knows what people could discover next
38．What does the underlined word “uncovered” mean in Chinese
A．到达 B．游览 C．标注 D．发现
39．What does Betsy Bryan think of the discovery of Aten
A．It will help to learn about the history of ancient Egypt.
B．It is the most important discovery.
C．It will help to discover more treasure.
D．It will help to bring more visitors.
40．What’s the best title for the passage
A．A Huge City B．Ancient Egyptian City Discovered
C．Egyptian History D．Life in Egypt
Can you imagine being able to learn about world history by looking at a coin with the head of Alexander the Great on it or a Chinese Ming dynasty banknote(钞票) Or how about following mankind’s footsteps into modern culture by being able to see an Early Victorian tea set
A History of the World in 100 Objects, a project by BBC and the British Museum, presents a history of the world through 100 items from the British Museum’s collection.
The objects, most of which are extremely valuable, have brought enjoyment to people all over the world. Those who are lucky enough to see the items in person are able to see the glory(辉煌) of history with their own eyes.
“These signals from the past speak of whole societies rather than single events, and tell of the world for which they were made, sometimes having meanings far beyond what their original(最初的)makers meant them to have,” Neil MacGregor, director of the British Museum, wrote in the project’s book I borrowed the book and read it. One item in particular stood out to me. It was a mechanical galleon(机械帆船)—a kind of clock. Its design is based on the great European ships that sailed across the sea in the 1500s. During that period of time, technology was developing at a fast pace, and owning a scientific product was fashionable. The clock, a combination of the growth of technology and the desire (欲望) to explore other lands, is a perfect symbol of that age.
41．Why does the writer mention the coin in Paragraph 1
A．To show what ancient people used to buy things
B．To express why we should learn about world history.
C．To remind us that we can learn about history from old objects.
D．To compare it with a Chinese banknote.
42．According to MacGregor, what is the most valuable thing that the 100 objects tell us
A．What they were made for. B．What society was like in the past.
C．How they were made. D．How their meanings have changed.
43．What might be a good title for this passage
A．World History Seen in Ancient Items B．The British Museum’s Collection
C．A Book about British History D．Valuable Objects of the World
二、完形填空
Zheng He was China’s greatest sea sailor (航海家). It is strange that he 44 in the mountains. He was born around 1371 in Yunnan province. At an early age, he was brought to 45 Zhu Di, the future Ming emperor. Zhu Di expected to find a headman for his naval fleet (海军舰队) to reach out for ocean. He 46 Zheng He finally. Zheng He led seven sailings (航行) that set up China as Asia’s strongest naval power (力量) in the 1400s.
Zheng He’s seven great 47 happened between 1405 and 1433. On the first one, the fleet had 62 big treasure ships. It was said that those treasure ships reached 140-meter long. They were unbelievably 48 at that time. The ships left Nanjing, sailing 49 to Fujian. They lastly reached Sri Lanka and southern India. There the first 50 journeys ended. The fourth reached Persian Gulf. Zheng He revisited places in Southeast Asia and India during the fifth and sixth. And the final entered the Red Sea, then sailing as 51 as Africa.
The journeys introduced Chinese 52 to the world. Today China’s mapping on the South China Sea is almost exactly the one taken by Zheng He and his amazing fleets six 53 ago.
44．A．gave up B．stood up C．got up D．grew up
45．A．lead B．serve C．feed D．thank
46．A．wished B．caught C．chose D．encouraged
47．A．inventions B．speeches C．accidents D．journeys
48．A．huge B．simple C．heavy D．new
49．A．east B．west C．south D．north
50．A．two B．three C．four D．five
51．A．long B．far C．fast D．soon
52．A．future B．temperature C．nature D．culture
53．A．centuries B．years C．seasons D．months
Early Writing and Alphabets (字母表)
When people first began to write, they did not use an alphabet. 54 , they drew small pictures to show the objects they were writing about. This was very 55 because there was a different picture for every word.
The Ancient Egyptians had a 56 of picture writing that was called hieroglyphics (象形文字). The meaning of this writing had been forgotten for a very long time, but in 1799, some scientists discovered a stone near Alexandria, Egypt. The stone had been there for over a thousand years. It had both Greek and hieroglyphics on it and researchers were 57 able to understand what the hieroglyphics meant.
An alphabet is quite 58 picture writing. It consists of letters or symbols that represent (代表) a sound and each sound is just part of one word. The Phoenicians (腓尼基人), who lived about 3,000 years ago, 59 the ancient alphabet. It was later improved by the Romans and this alphabet is now used widely throughout the world.
54．A．However B．Instead C．Also D．Then
55．A．amazing B．powerful C．strange D．slow
56．A．wall B．piece C．system D．collection
57．A．finally B．seldom C．nearly D．especially
58．A．similar to B．different from C．full of D．close to
59．A．noticed B．arranged C．developed D．discovered
三、语法选择
请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
Cosmetics (化妆品) are commonly used by women nowadays. But what did Chinese women use for makeup in ancient times
Over the past several years, Wang Yifan 60 more than 30 kinds of cosmetics and makeup tools from different dynasties.
Wang has been interested in cosmetics since she 61 a child. “At that time, I didn’t know 62 exact ‘ repair ’ was,” Wang said. “I just learned how to do it.”
After graduating from college in 2015, Wang spent five years 63 knowledge of repairing ancient cosmetics. She also learned 64 experts who study in clothing.
The repair process of cosmetics includes the following steps: finding out the ingredients (成分), doing research, and comparing after testing. In her eyes, every step is a challenge. But finding out the right ingredients is 65 part. Wang needs to read many ancient books and paintings. Sometimes, 66 same cosmetics had different ingredients in different books, and the same ingredient 67 differently in different dynasties.
Although the process is difficult, Wang finds it worth 68 effort. “Repairing cosmetics helps people to learn Chinese history 69 know more about our nation in a different way,” Wang said.
Now, more people know the industry. “China has paid more attention to traditional Chinese culture,” Wang said. “I plan to repair more ancient cosmetics.”
60．A．repaired B．has repaired C．repairs D．will repair
61．A．will be B．has been C．is D．was
62．A．what B．who C．when D．why
63．A．study B．to study C．studying D．studied
64．A．for B．after C．from D．with
65．A．difficult B．more difficult C．most difficult D．the most difficult
66．A．a B．an C．the D．/
67．A．is naming B．was naming C．is named D．was named
68．A．she B．her C．hers D．herself
69．A．and B．but C．so D．or
四、选词填空
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
we know story make importance open as old word power
More than 3,000 years ago, in Henan’s Anyang, the people of the Shang Dynasty built their capital. This place now is 70 as the Yin Ruins (殷墟). It is one of the 71 archaeological sites (考古遗址) in
China.
Lately, a new building of the Yinxu Museum 72 its doors. It can help 73 learn about how people lived a long time ago.
The new museum looks like a bronze ding (青铜鼎). Ding is a (an) 74 type of vessel (容器) in China. It stands for 75 . The museum has nearly 4,000 relics (文物). Lots of them are oracle bones (甲骨). There are the earliest Chinese 76 written on them. These bones tell us many things about the time of the Shang, such 77 the weather, wars, and the king’s family. For example, there are the 78 of a Shang prince written on about 600 pieces of bone. They tell us that he once learned to dance and performed for his mom and dad.
There are also pottery (陶制的) and bronze things in the museum. They show us how good the Shang people were at 79 things and how nice their lives were. There is a pottery with bumps (凸起) on it. The Shang people used it for bathing. It’s amazing. How smart they were!
五、任务型阅读
请阅读下面的非连续性文本，根据语篇内容，回答问题。
When looking at the terracotta warriors, you may be amazed at first. Then, lots of questions may come to your mind. Who are the warriors How were they made Why do they have different poses Let’s discover their secrets.
▲
The warriors used to be colorful. Most of them had black hair and pink faces. They wore purple, red and green clothes. But the colors faded when the warriors were dug out. The colors faded in 15 seconds after the warriors were dug out. So fast! Most of the colors came from minerals. For example, the color red came from vermilion (朱砂).
Mystery of hands
Look at their hands. The warriors are holding something. But the things are missing. Scientists think they were holding weapons (武器), such as swords or spears.
Why are the weapons missing The weapons may be broken during the years. Thieves may have stolen them. Maybe craftsmen (工匠) didn’t have time to make the weapons.
Mystery of looks
Ordinary warriors have their hair styles. They don’t wear caps (发冠). Officers wear different types of caps. For example, generals wear bird-shaped caps. Each warrior stands for a real warrior from the Qin army. So no two clay warriors have the same face. They are as tall as real people. Many of them are over 1.8 meters tall.
Mystery of bringing the terracotta warriors back to life
Step 1 Piecing Step 2 Repairing Step 3 Sticking Step 4 Drawing
The restorers (修复者) try to put all the pieces they have in the right places. If some important pieces are missing, they can go back and look for them. It’s like doing a “jigsaw puzzle” (拼图游戏). People wrap up the pieces and send them to the “hospital”. There, “doctors” give them a checkup. The “doctors” repair them with different tools. For the colorful pieces, the “doctors” use some materials to protect their colors. When sticking the pieces of a warrior together, the restorers start from the feet and finish with the head. When sticking a horse, they start with its body. The restorers draw some pictures of the warriors and horses as a record. The pictures show how the warriors and horses are damaged (被毁坏) and repaired. So, people can better study and protect them.
80．How many people feel at first when looking at the terracotta warriors
81．What is the subtitle (小标题) of Paragraph 2
82．Why are the weapons missing (One example is OK.)
83．What does each warrior stand for
84．What is the second step of bringing the terracotta warriors back to life
85．Have you seen the terracotta warriors before What do you think of the terracotta warriors
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
When you say the word “France”, the Louvre (卢浮宫) or the Eiffel Tower (埃菲尔铁塔) may be the first things you think of. Let’s get to know the most famous buildings in Paris, the capital of France.
The Arc de Triomphe (凯旋门)
The Arc de Triomphe is a famous monument (纪念碑). It is more than 50 meters high. It is the largest triumphal arch in the world. Once a brave person even flew his plane through it! In 1806, Napoleon (拿破仑) won a great battle. He then asked to build the arch to celebrate. It was finished in 1836.
The Louvre
The Louvre Museum is a large and famous museum. It has some of the best art works in the world. The building lies in the center of Paris, on the right bank of the Seine River and used to be a palace.
The Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889 to remember the French Revolution (法国革命). It is 300 meters high and was the world’s tallest building until 1930.
People love the Eiffel Tower today. But its birth was difficult. At that time, many French people didn’t want the tower to be built. They thought it didn’t look nice. It was almost destroyed (摧毁) in 1909. But it was saved as it was used for radios at that time.
86．It took years to build the Arc de Triomphe.
87．The brave man passed the Arc de Triomphe once.
88． is in the center of Paris.
89．Many French people were against building the Eiffel Tower at that time because they thought .
90．The passage mainly tells us .
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
On Easter Day 1722, some European explorers found an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. They surprisingly found that there were around 800 big stone statues（石像）called Moai, just like human heads. They weigh up to 270 tons and the tallest one is over 11 meters.
Since their discovery, these stone men have created one of the greatest mysteries of all time. Who built them Why did they do it
Some experts say the stone statues were created by people of Peruvian descent（秘鲁人后代）. Others believe that they came from other space. However, the latest information suggests that it is a kind of wasting in human history.
It is said that a small group of Asians lived on Easter Island sometime between 400 and 700 AD．At the top of their civilization（文明）. The Asians began to build the stone men. Why they did this is still unknown, but it is believed that they do this to worship（祭拜）their gods or ancestors.
As the statues grew larger, the people’s lifestyles became more and more wasteful. The forest began to disappear and animals died out. The people had food shortage and they had to eat other humans to live. From then on, the society began to break down and the stone men were finally destroyed by the islanders themselves.
91．Where did European explorers find the big stone statues
92．How high is the tallest Moai
93．Is it believed by some people that Moai were created by aliens
94．Why did Asians in the island build Moai
95．What did the islanders do when they couldn’t get enough food
六、短文填空
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
Legend has it that Rome was founded in 753 BC by its first king, Romulus. It grew into a rich and powerful city during the next few 96 (hundred) years.
Roman legend says that Romulus had a twin brother. As babies they 97 (throw) in the area which later became Rome. A she-wolf found and raised them. When Romulus grew up, he became the first ruler of Rome!
By 117 AD the Roman Empire included the whole of Italy, all the lands 98 the Mediterranean (地中海) and much of Europe, including England, Wales and parts of Scotland. The Romans built such a huge empire and conquered (征服) new lands, 99 (thank) to their strong army. The Roman army could march (行军) up to 40 km a day! The Romans didn’t spend all 100 time fighting—they were amazing architects and engineers too! They built roads and walls—things we now take for granted.
101 (bring) water to their cities, the clever Romans built aqueducts (渡槽)—a system of channels and bridges—to transport water for public baths and toilets!
The Romans liked to enjoy their food, often 102 (lie) down on a couch while eating with their hands. They sometimes used a spoon, 103 they would never use a knife and fork. Rich Romans liked to eat exotic (奇异的) food, such as stork (鹳), roast parrot and even flamingo!
One of the 104 (famous) buildings left by the Ancient Romans is the Colosseum (圆形大剧场) in the center of Rome. This 105 (be) where members of the public would come to watch sporting events and games, including battles between Roman gladiators (角斗士)!
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案写下答题纸的相应位置。
Most people today use coins, paper money, or credit cards to buy things. However, shopping wasn’t always as
easy 106 that.
About 10,000 years ago, people farmed and 107 (grow) the food they needed. During that time, people exchanged things between them. They mostly used cows and rice 108 (get) things they need in many different parts of the world.
About 3,000 years ago, people started to use other things as money. Shells from the ocean were 109 (wide) traded as money in places like China, Thailand, and some 110 (country) in Africa.
It wasn’t until about 2,000 years ago that the first coins appeared. China was probably the first place to use metal coins. People made 111 (they) by heating small amounts of metal and then putting 112 hole in the middle.
But it’s not convenient to carry around a lot of heavy coins, 113 paper money started to be used in China almost 1,000 years ago. Nowadays we use credit cards to buy 114 we need. It is much 115 (convenient) to pay by credit cards than a lot of coins or paper money.
参考答案：
1．C 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文介绍了中国古代历史的相关内容。
1．细节理解题。根据“Compared to other civilizations of the time, Chinese culture stayed largely the same as today’s culture. The other nations fell into wars and disappeared, or were controlled by other nations, though.”可知，其他文明有过中断，而中国文明没有中断，一直延续到现在，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“the Xia Dynasty (around 2070 BC—1600 BC)”，“the Zhou Dynasty (around 1046 BC—221 BC)”，“the Shang Dynasty (around 1600 BC—1046 BC)”及“the Qin Dynasty (around 221 BC—207 BC)”可知，周朝时间最长，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“The Qin Dynasty was the end of Ancient China and marked the beginning of Imperial China.”可知，秦朝是古代中国的终结，标志着中国帝国的开始。故选D。
4．D 5．C 6．A
【导语】本文主要讲了什么是五四运动及五四运动为什么很重要。
4．细节理解题。根据“The movement called upon people to fight for independence and pushed for more diverse (多
样的) thinking. Young men and women called for women’s rights and crit c zed (批评) the tradition of arranged marriages. Writers explored new forms of literature. Other people looked at political and social thought, like Marxism (马克思主义), to find a path for China’s future.”可知五四运动呼吁在不同领域进行变革。故选D。
5．词义猜测题。根据“Xi underlined the need to strengthen studies of the May Fourth Movement and its spirit during a speech at the group study session of the political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.”可知在中共中央政治局集体学习会议上，习近平主席强调要加强对五四运动及其精神的学习。underlined意为“强调”。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了什么是五四运动及五四运动为什么很重要。故选A。
7．D 8．A 9．G 10．C 11．E
【导语】本文是将五位同学参观红色革命根据地的所见所获和右侧七个中国著名革命根据地的介绍进行匹配。
7．根据“Lin Mi learned something about how the Red Army built the revolutionary base area(革命根据地) after the Long March(长征).”可知林密了解了长征后红军是如何建设革命根据地的。选项D“井冈山以其伟大的红色文化而闻名。红军就是在那里成立的。”与之匹配，故选D。
8．根据“Wu Long’s parents took him to visit the hometown of president Mao Zedong and he knew more about our great leader.”可知吴的父母带他参观了毛主席的故乡，他对我们伟大的领导人有了更多的了解。选项A“韶山是毛主席的故乡。有七个旅游区。最重要的景点是毛主席的房子，毛主席的纪念堂和其他一些地方。”与之匹配，故选A。
9．根据“He Hui visited the capital city of Jiangxi. She learned something about the Nanchang Uprising(起义) in 1927.”可知贺辉参观了江西省会。她对1927年的南昌起义有所了解。选项G“南昌被认为是中国的英雄城市。南昌是一次重要起义的发生地：1927年8月1日南昌起义。它由周恩来和贺龙领导。这次起义是中国建军节的开始。”与之匹配，故选G。
10．根据“Zhang Zixin visited many red historical sites and learned how the Red Army was founded at the beginning.”可知张子欣参观了许多红色历史遗迹，了解了红军最初是如何成立的。选项C“井冈山以其伟大的红色文化而闻名。这里有29处红色史迹，包括毛泽东主席故居、中国红军第一医院、革命博物馆和战斗遗址。红军就是在那里成立的。”与之匹配，故选C。
11．根据“Han Rui learned an important conference. It was on this conference that Mao Zedong was chosen as the leader of our Party.”可知韩锐了解了一个重要会议。正是在这次会议上，毛泽东被选为我们党的领导人。选项E“遵义有几十个著名的地方。其中最著名的是遵义会议召开地。遵义会议于1935年召开。在这次会议上，
毛泽东第一次被选为中国共产党的领导人。”与之匹配，故选E。
12．B 13．B 14．D 15．C 16．C
【导语】本文介绍了英国地名的不同历史。
12．细节理解题。根据“Then the Romans arrived and built camps. These camps became cities called ‘castra’.”可知，是因为这些罗马人建的营地后来变成了被称作为“castra”的城市。故选B。
13．词义猜测题。根据“After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by Anglo-Saxon people and became its new owners.”可知，这里提到了罗马人离开后，变更了主人，因此划线词是“攻击，袭击”，故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据“Then the Romans arrived and built camps.”可知，罗马人来了，建起了营地；根据“After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by Anglo-Saxon people and became its new owners.”可知，盎格鲁-撒克逊人进攻不列颠；根据“Twelve hundred years ago, Vikings (维京人) came to England. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages.”可知，维京人来到英格兰，与盎格鲁-撒克逊人进行贸易；根据“Finally, in 1066, England became Norman (诺曼人的)—the Normans gave us the place name ‘grange’, which means ‘farm’.”可知，英格兰变成了诺曼，并被命名为“grange”，意思是农场，因此，正确的顺序是②④①③。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据“Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning ‘a fast-flowing river’.”可知，这个名字来自一个凯尔特词，意思是湍急的河流。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据“The name of every British town and city has a long history.”可知，本文介绍了英国地名的不同历史。故选C。
17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了历史的记录方式对于了解世界历史的重要性。
17．段落大意题。第一段首句“If you want to tell the history of the whole world,... "及结尾“even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things”可知，本段简述了历史应该怎样被呈现，即通过文字和物件。故选A。
18．推理判断题。由第二段“From the English side, we have.... From the Australian side, we have only...”可知，关于库克船长的航行记录都是片面的。故选D。
19．词句猜测题。根据“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas...”可知，加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，通过他们制造的物品向
我们讲述历史，如果只考虑有文化的社会的文本，那么历史将是扭曲的，所以想要发现“历史”的另一方面，需要读文本和了解物品。故划线词指“历史”。故选B。
20．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了历史的记录方式对于了解世界历史的重要性，所以有可能选自选项C《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
21．A 22．B 23．C 24．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了欧洲城堡的历史及用途。
21．细节理解题。根据“These castles were very strong buildings where a king or prince could live safely with his army around him. Such castles let the king or prince watch out for attacks and keep out the people he did not like.”这些城堡是非常坚固的建筑，国王或王子可以在他的军队包围下安全地生活。这样的城堡可以让国王或王子警惕攻击，并把他不喜欢的人挡在外面。可知第一批城堡建于欧洲，以便国王或王子组织他人进攻。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“There were not many castles in Europe around 900 AD, but around 1000 AD things changed. Suddenly, many people were building castles because there was an increase in the fighting in Europe during this time.”公元900年左右，欧洲的城堡并不多，但公元1000年左右，情况发生了变化。突然间，许多人开始建造城堡，因为这段时间欧洲的战事增加了。可知公元1000年左右，欧洲建造了更多的城堡，因为那时这里有更多的战事。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据“The first castles were made largely of wood in the beginning, but stone became more popular over time.”最初的城堡主要是用木头建造的，但随着时间的推移，石头变得更受欢迎。可知最初的城堡主要是用木头建造的。故选C。
24．主旨大意题。根据“The first castles were built in Europe around the 9th century...The castles also let the king or prince watch the people who lived around the castle.”以及联系全文可知文章的目的是介绍欧洲的城堡。故选B。
25．A 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了披风的历史和演变。
25．细节理解题。根据“Or they were fixed at the shoulder with a small piece of metal.”意为“或者用一小块金属把它们固定在肩膀上。”，可知图A符合句意。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据“As time went on, capes became more important in social position. For example, capes made with fur were worn by kings.”可知古代国王穿披风是为了显示社会地位。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“Capes were also seen as part of senior soldiers’ uniforms.”可知高级士兵过去也穿披风。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据“Since most superheroes first appeared in comic books, comic book artists could use a cape to show which way and how quickly a character was moving.”可知漫画艺术家用披风来展示超级英雄在天空中的飞行和移动速度。故选D。
29．主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了披风的历史和演变。故选A。
30．F 31．A 32．B 33．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了19世纪欧洲人移民居住美国西部的艰苦历程。
30．根据上文“Many of them couldn’t find work in cities like New York.”可知，他们中的许多人在像纽约这样的城市找不到工作，选项F“于是他们离开了，去西部寻找自己的耕地。”符合语境，与前句构成因果关系。故选F。
31．此句位于段落的首句，应是本段的中心句，结合下文“Many of them walked 3200 kilometers, …The people were very poor and many did not even have shoes—they walked the whole trail barefoot, in very low temperatures.”可知，旅程的艰辛。选项A“的确，殖民者的旅程极其艰难。”符合语境。故选A。
32．根据“It is true that the settlers’ journey was extremely difficult. Many of them walked 3200 kilometers, the whole length of the trail. They had wagons (马车), but the wagons were often too full, so people could not travel in them.”可知，此段主要介绍殖民者去西部的路途困难重重，此空格处应写其旅途的艰辛之处。选项C“很多父母还必须得带着小孩。”符合语境，故选B。
33．此句位于段落的首句，应是本段的中心句，结合下文“Many people died under the wheels of wagons, or from accidental gunshots.”可知，本段叙述意外事故。选项E“还有很多意外事故。”符合语境。故选E。
34．A 35．B 36．D 37．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是城堡的历史。
34．词义猜测题。根据“Nobles built castles on the lands given to them. But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it.”可知，此处是说但有些贵族干脆宣称土地是自己的，并在上面建了一座城堡。这引起很多麻烦，由此可知“That”指的是贵族们在给他们的土地上建造城堡。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They could go over the walls using ladders. They could smash (撞碎) through the walls or doors. Or they could dig under the walls and try to get part of the wall to fall down.”和“Attackers
sometimes…In the early 1500s, cannons entered wide use in warfare.”可知，攻击城堡的方式有：用梯子翻墙、砸碎墙壁或门、或者在墙下挖掘让墙的一部分倒塌以及使用大炮。因此是4种方式。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据“They were built from about 1, 000 AD to about 1, 500 AD, during a period known as the Middle Ages.”和“Castles played an important role after the fall of the Roman Empire.”可知，此处是说城堡大多建于公元1000年至公元1500年以及说城堡在罗马帝国灭亡后发挥了重要作用。由此可推断在这一时期有很多战争。故选D。
37．标题归纳题。根据倒数第二段开头“A well-built castle was a pretty safe place to be. Attackers had a hard time getting in. But they still had some options.”和最后一段“Attackers sometimes brought large machines called siege engines with them to break through castle doors or walls.”可知，最后两段主要是讲述攻击者怎么攻击城堡的。因此A项“攻击一座城堡”符合题意。故选A。
38．D 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了埃及古物学者发现了一座有三千年历史的埃及古城Aten，它是迄今为止在埃及发现的最大古城。这对于人们了解埃及其中一个最繁华时期的生活有着重要意义。
38．词句猜测题。根据“they were surprised to discover that it was in such good condition”可知，他们发现了这座古城条件很好。“uncovered”是cover的反义词，即是discover的近义词，故推测其意为“发现”。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据“This is because she believes it will help us learn about what Egyptian life was like during one of its wealthiest periods .”可知，Betsy Bryan认为Aten的发现能够帮助人们了解埃及其中一个最富裕时期人们的生活面貌。故选A。
40．主旨大意题。根据“there is good news. Egyptologists have discovered the lost golden city.”可知，本文主要介绍了一座埃及城市Aten被埃及古物学者发现的故事，故选B。
41．C 42．B 43．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了《大英博物馆世界简史》这个项目列举的文物和其背后的历史意义。
41．推理判断题。根据“Can you imagine being able to learn about world history by looking at a coin with the head of Alexander the Great on it or a Chinese Ming dynasty banknote(钞票) Or how about following mankind’s footsteps into modern culture by being able to see an Early Victorian tea set ”可知，你能想象通过看一枚刻有亚历山大大帝头像的硬币或中国明代纸币，就能了解世界历史吗？或者跟随人类的脚步走进现代文化，看看早期维多利亚时代的茶具怎么样？作者提到这些古物件是为了提醒我们可以从古老的物品中学习历史。故
选C。
42．推理判断题。根据“These signals from the past speak of whole societies rather than single events, and tell of the world for which they were made, sometimes having meanings far beyond what their original(最初的)makers meant them to have”可知，这些来自过去的信号讲述的是整个社会，而不是单个事件，并讲述了它们是为这个世界而产生的，有时它们的意义远远超出了最初的创造者的本意，所以根据麦格雷戈的说法，这100件物品告诉我们的最有价值的东西是展示过去的社会是什么样子。故选B。
43．最佳标题题。本文主要讲了《大英博物馆世界简史》这个项目列举的文物和其背后的历史意义。选项A“从古代物品看世界历史”符合主题，故选A。
44．D 45．B 46．C 47．D 48．A 49．C 50．B 51．B 52．D 53．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了郑和七下西洋。
44．句意：真奇怪，他是在山里长大的。
gave up放弃；stood up站起来；got up起床；grew up长大。根据“He was born around 1371 in Yunnan province.”可知，此处介绍的是他的成长。故选D。
45．句意：在他很小的时候，他就被带去为未来的明皇帝朱棣服务。
lead领导；serve服务；feed喂；thank感谢。根据“the future Ming emperor”可知，此处是为皇帝服务。故选B。
46．句意：他最终选择了郑和。
wished祝愿；caught抓住；chose选择；encouraged鼓励。根据“Zhu Di expected to find a headman for his naval fleet (海军舰队) to reach out for ocean. He ... Zheng He finally.”可知，朱棣希望找到远渡重洋的首领，最后选择了郑和。故选C。
47．句意：郑和的七次大航海发生在1405年到1433年之间。
inventions发明；speeches演讲；accidents事故；journeys旅行。根据“There the first ... journeys ended.”可知，此处指的是郑和下西洋之旅。故选D。
48．句意：它们在当时是难以置信的巨大。
huge巨大的；simple简单的；heavy重的；new新的。根据“those treasure ships reached 140-meter long”可知，这些船是巨大的。故选A。
49．句意：船队离开南京，向南驶往福建。
east向东；west向西；south向南；north向北。根据“The ships left Nanjing, sailing ... to Fujian.”可知，从南京到福建是向南。故选C。
50．句意：前三段旅程到此结束。
two二；three三；four四；five五。根据“The fourth reached Persian Gulf.”可知，此处指的是前三段旅程。故选B。
51．句意：最后一艘进入红海，然后航行到非洲。
long长；far远；fast快；soon不久。根据“sailing as ... as Africa”可知，远至非洲。故选B。
52．句意：这些旅行向世界介绍了中国文化。
future未来；temperature温度；nature自然；culture文化。根据“The journeys introduced Chinese ... to the world.”可知，郑和下西洋把中国文化带向世界。故选D。
53．句意：今天中国在南海绘制的地图几乎和六个世纪前郑和和他的惊人船队所绘制的地图一模一样。
centuries世纪；years年；seasons季节；months月份。根据“Zheng He’s seven great ... happened between 1405 and 1433.”可知，郑和下西洋发生在六个世纪前。故选A。
54．B 55．D 56．C 57．A 58．B 59．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了古希腊的象形文字，腓尼基人开发的字母表，后来经过罗马人改进并至今被全世界广泛运用。
54．句意：当人们最初开始写字时，他们没有使用字母表。相反，他们画小图片来展示他们所写的物体。
However然而；Instead相反，取而代之；Also也；Then然后。根据“they did not use an alphabet.”以及“they drew small pictures to show the objects they were writing about.”可知，此处是指早期人类不使用字母，而是通过画画来传递信息。故选B。
55．句意：这很慢，因为每个单词都有不同的图片。
amazing令人惊异的；powerful强大的；strange奇怪的；slow缓慢的。根据“because there was a different picture for every word.”可知，每个单词都要用不同的图画表示，导致信息传递会很慢。故选D。
56．句意：古埃及人有一种被称为象形文字的图画书写系统。
wall墙；piece块；system系统；collection收集。根据“The Ancient Egyptians had a...of picture writing that was called hieroglyphics (象形文字).”以及常识可知，象形文字是古埃及的图画文字系统。故选C。
57．句意：它上面有希腊语和象形文字，研究人员最终能够理解象形文字的含义。
finally最终地；seldom很少；nearly几乎；especially尤其。根据“researchers were...able to understand what the
hieroglyphics meant.”可知，研究者们对象形文字的破译，从一开始的不明白，到最终通过一块刻有希腊文和象形文字的的石头来破解。故选A。
58．句意：字母表与图画书写有很大的不同。
similar to与……相似；different from与……不同；full of充满；close to接近于……。根据“It consists of letters or symbols that represent (代表) a sound and each sound is just part of one word.”可知，字母表由字母或符号构成，与图画书写系统是两种不同的体系。故选B。
59．句意：生活在3000年前的腓尼基人开发了早期的字母系统。
noticed注意到；arranged安排；developed开发；discovered发现。根据“It was later improved by the Romans and this alphabet is now used widely throughout the world.”可知，腓尼基人开发了字母表，后来经过罗马人改进。故选C。
60．B 61．D 62．A 63．C 64．C 65．D 66．C 67．D 68．B 69．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Wang Yifan一直从事修复古代化妆品的工作，并介绍了此项工作的流程、难点以及其所具有的意义。
60．句意：在过去的几年里，Wang Yifan已经修复了30多种来自不同朝代的化妆品和化妆工具。
repaired 修复，一般过去时；has repaired已经修复，现在完成时；repairs修复，一般现在时；will repair将要修复，一般将来时。根据时间状语 “Over the past several years” 可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选B。
61．句意：自小时候起，Wang就已经对化妆品感兴趣。
will be将会，一般将来时；has been已经，现在完成时；is是，一般现在时；was是，一般过去式。根据since可知，其表示 “自从……开始”，并且since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。故选D。
62．句意：Wang 说：“那时，我还不知道 ‘修复’ 确切来说指的是什么。”
what什么；who谁；when什么时候；why为什么。“exact ‘repair’ was” 为动词know后的宾语从句，从句中缺少连接词以及表示事物的表语，应用连接代词what。故选A。
63．句意：2015年从大学毕业后，Wang花费了5年时间学习修复古代化妆品。
study学习，动词原形；to study学习，动词不定式；studying学习，动名词形式；studied学习，一般过去时。根据spent可知，spend+时间/金钱+doing sth意为 “在某事上花费多少时间或金钱”，因此动词应用动名词形式。故选C。
64．句意：她也向研究服装的专家学习。
for为了；after在……之后；from从……来；with和。learn sth from sb意为 “从某人那里学习某事” ，应用介词from。故选C。
65．句意：但是弄清正确的成分是最困难的部分。
difficult困难的，形容词原级；more difficult更困难的，形容词比较级；most difficult最困难的，形容词最高级；the most difficult最困难的，形容词最高级。根据But可知，此处表示转折及强调，再根据下文 “Sometimes...differently in different dynasties.” 可知，书籍中对于同一种化妆品的成分描述的并不一致，所以研究起来最困难，应用最高级，并且形容词最高级前面需要加定冠词the。故选D。
66．句意：有时，相同的化妆品在不同的书籍中含有不同的成分，并且相同的成分在不同的朝代被命名成不同的名字。
a一个，表示泛指，用于开头为辅音音素的单词前；an一个，表示泛指，用于开头为元音音素的单词前；the表示特指。根据same可知，此处特指相同的化妆品，因此用定冠词the。故选C。
67．句意：有时，相同的化妆品在不同的书籍中含有不同的成分，并且相同的成分在不同的朝代被命名成不同的名字。
is naming正在命名，现在进行时；was naming正在命名，过去进行时；is named被命名，一般现在时的被动语态；was named被命名，一般过去时的被动语态。根据主语the same ingredient与动词name之间为动宾关系可知，此处应用被动语态，并且根据时间状语in different dynasties可知，此处在讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选D。
68．句意：尽管过程是困难的，Wang发现它是值得努力的。
she她，人称代词主格；her她或她的，人称代词宾格或形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己，反身代词。根据空后的effort为名词可知，其前缺少定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故选B。
69．句意：Wang说：“修复化妆品帮助人们了解中国历史并且以一种不同的方式了解更多关于我们国家的事情。”
and并且，表示并列和顺承关系；but但是，表示转折关系；so所以，表示结果；or或者，表示选择。此处在说明修复化妆品的两个作用，前后两句是并列关系。故选A。
70．known 71．oldest 72．opens 73．us 74．important 75．power 76．words 77．as 78．stories 79．making
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了河南安阳的殷墟博物馆的建成意义及馆内藏品。
70．句意：这个地方现在被称为殷墟。根据上文三千多年前的商朝人在河南安阳建立了他们的都城，可知下文应叙述现在此地的名字。又根据备选词汇可知，本空考查be known as表示“被称为”。故填known。
71．句意：它是中国最古老的考古遗址之一。结合句意及备选词，old“古老的”符合题意；根据one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数表示“……中最……之一”，可知此处需要填形容词最高级。故填oldest。
72．句意：最近，殷墟博物馆的一座新建筑对外开放。结合句意及备选词可知open“打开”符合题意，根据上下文可知用一般现在时，主语“a new building”为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数。故填opens。
73．句意：它可以帮助我们了解很久以前人们是如何生活的。本空考查help sb. do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”，结合备选词可知we“我们”符合题意，动词后人称代词用宾格。故填us。
74．句意：鼎是中国一种重要的容器。结合下文可知鼎在中国有特殊含义，备选词中importance“重要性”符合题意，又根据type“种类”需要形容词来修饰，important“重要的”是形容词。故填important。
75．句意：它代表着权力。结合鼎在中国历史上的重要性以及句意，可知power“权力”符合题意。故填power。
76．句意：上面写着最早的中文词汇。结合句意及备选词，可知甲骨文作为中国最古老的文字写在甲骨上，word“词汇”符合题意，word是可数名词，变成复数words。故填words。
77．句意：这些骨头告诉我们许多关于商朝的事情，比如天气、战争和王族。根据句意可知考查such as“例如”。故填as。
78．句意：例如，有一个商朝王子的故事写在大约600块骨头上。结合下文可知，骨头上写的是商超王子的故事，story“故事”符合题意；又根据谓语动词为are，可知主语为复数。故填stories。
79．句意：他们向我们展示了商朝人民在制造东西方面有多么的优秀，他们的生活有多么的美好。结合句意及备选词可知，make“制作”符合题意；at为介词，后接动名词形式。故填making。
80．They may feel amazed. 81．Mystery of colors. 82．The weapons may be broken during the years./Thieves may have stolen them./Maybe craftsmen didn’t have time to make the weapons. 83．A real warrior from the Qin army. 84．Repairing. 85．Yes, I have. I think it’s amazing.
【导语】本文介绍了兵马俑的一些知识。
80．根据“When looking at the terracotta warriors, you may be amazed at first.”可知，当人们第一次看到兵马俑会感到惊讶。故填They may feel amazed.
81．根据“The warriors used to be colorful.”和细读第二段可知，本段主要介绍了兵马俑其神秘的颜色。故填Mystery of colors.
82．根据“Why are the weapons missing The weapons may be broken during the years. Thieves may have stolen them. Maybe craftsmen (工匠) didn’t have time to make the weapons.”可知，武器不见了可能是因为这些武器可能会在几年内被破坏或小偷可能偷走了它们或者是工匠没有时间制造武器。故填The weapons may be broken during the years./Thieves may have stolen them./Maybe craftsmen didn’t have time to make the weapons.
83．根据“Each warrior stands for a real warrior from the Qin army.”可知，每个战士都代表一个真正的秦军战士。故填A real warrior from the Qin army.
84．根据“Step 2 Repairing”可知，让兵马俑起死回生的第二步是修复。故填Repairing.
85．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为Yes, I have. I think it’s amazing.
86．30/thirty 87．by air/by plane 88．The Louvre 89．it didn’t look nice/it looked terrible 90． the most famous buildings in Paris
【分析】本文主要介绍了法国首都巴黎里最著名的建筑。
86．根据文中“In 1806, Napoleon (拿破仑) won a great battle. He then asked to build the arch to celebrate. It was finished in 1836.”可知凯旋门1806年建造，1836年完工，总共三十年，故填30/thirty。
87．根据文中“ Once a brave person even flew his plane through it!”可知有一次，一个勇敢的人甚至驾驶他的飞机穿过凯旋门，故填by air/plane。
88．根据文中“The building lies in the center of Paris, on the right bank of the Seine River and used to be a palace.”可知卢浮宫位于巴黎市中心。故填The Louvre。
89．根据文中“At that time, many French people didn’t want the tower to be built. They thought it didn’t look nice”可知当时，许多法国人不想建造这座塔。因为他们觉得不好看，故填it didn’t look nice/it looked terrible。
90．根据文中“Let’s get to know the most famous buildings in Paris, the capital of France.”可知文章主要介绍了法国首都巴黎最著名的建筑，故填tthe most famous buildings in Paris。
91．In the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 92．Over 11 meters. 93．Yes. 94．Because they do this to worship their gods or ancestors. 95．They ate other humans to live.
【分析】文章大意：1722年的复活节，一群欧洲探险家发现了一个复活节岛，岛上巨大的石像成为了谜底，于是，一些猜测开始出现。
91．根据第一段“On Easter Day 1722, some European explorers found an island in the middle of the Pacific
Oceann. They surprisingly found that there were around 800 big stone statues（石像）called Moai.”可知，在太平洋中部发现了一个岛屿，故填In the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
92．根据“They weigh up to 270 tons and the tallest one is over 11 meters”可知，最高的超过11米，故填Over 11 meters.
93．根据“Others believe that they came from other space”可知，其他人认为来自太空，故填Yes.
94．根据“Why they did this is still unknown, but it is believed that they do this to worship（祭拜）their gods or ancestors”可知，这样做是为了崇拜他们的神或祖先，故填Because they do this to worship their gods or ancestors.
95．根据“The people had food shortage and they had to eat other humans to live”可知，他们会吃其他人类，故填They ate other humans to live.
96．hundred 97．were thrown 98．around 99．thanks 100．their/the 101．To bring 102．lying 103．but 104．most famous 105．is
【导语】本文主要介绍了古罗马帝国的辉煌历史成就以及古罗马人为后世流下的众多宝贵文物。
96．句意：在接下来的几百年里，它发展成为一个富裕而强大的城市。hundred“百”，前有few修饰，仍然用单数形式。故填hundred。
97．句意：他们还是婴儿时就被扔到后来成为罗马的地方。主语they和动词throw“扔”构成被动关系，应用被动语态“be done”；根据“which later became Rome”可知时态为一般过去时，且主语是复数，be动词应用were，throw过去分词为thrown。故填were thrown。
98．句意：到公元117年，罗马帝国包括了整个意大利、地中海周围的所有土地和欧洲的大部分地区，包括英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰的部分地区。根据“all the lands ... the Mediterranean”可知是指地中海周围的土地，介词around“在……周围”符合语境。故填around。
99．句意：罗马人建立了如此庞大的帝国，并征服了新的土地，这要归功于他们强大的军队。thanks to“幸亏，由于”，固定词组。故填thanks。
100．句意：罗马人并没有把所有的时间都花在战斗上。根据“The Romans didn’t spend all ... time fig