2024中考英语 阅读理解热点话题之科普知识类（含解析）

2024中考英语 阅读理解热点话题之科普知识类
Passage 1
（2024·广东珠海·一模）Do you often eat candies and desserts Are you crazy about cola and milk tea Do you know these snacks and drinks have a lot of sugar Eating too much sugar causes many health problems, even leads to high blood sugar level, which could bring us diabetes (糖尿病), heart disease, liver disease or even depression.
Besides sweet food and drinks, there is hidden sugar in everyday food. For example, there is much sugar in bread and yogurt. It is hard for us to avoid sugar, but do we have to stay away from it completely That’s impossible and unnecessary. After all, sugar is one of the energy sources that we need. What we must do is to control the sugar intake.
Here are some possible ways to help you. First, get to know how much sugar we need a day. World Health Organization (WHO) suggests adults and children should limit sugar intake to 25 grams or less every day. Then, check the ingredients list and buy food with the lowest sugar. What’s more, pay attention to our blood sugar level. Jessie Inchauspe, a French bestselling writer, shares some of her ideas to balance our blood sugar level.
· Eat foods in the right order.
Eat your vegetables first, followed by eggs and meat, then rice or bread.
· Eat vegetables before each meal.
It is better to have hot or cold green salad.
· Reach for vinegar (醋) before you eat.
This is having a teaspoon of vinegar in a glass of water before meals.
· Move after you eat, within 70 minutes.
It could be going for a 10-minute walk, doing a short workout, or doing some chores.
By now, you’ve already known how to improve sugar intake patterns. However, what we do is more important than what we say. Small steps can add up. Let’s begin to make changes on our own.
1．Eating too much sugar causes many health problems EXCEPT ________.
A．worries B．diabetes C．depression D．heart disease
2．What information about sugar can we get from paragraph 2 and 3
A．Sugar is only in sweets and desserts.
B．Bread and yogurt has no sugar at all.
C．Adults should not have more than 25 grams of sugar a day.
D．Sugar is so harmful that people should completely avoid eating it.
3．What does the underlined word “limit” mean in paragraph 3
A．move B．control C．permit D．replace
4．Which of the following is good for someone with high blood sugar level
A．Drinking milk tea before eating noodles can be acceptable.
B．Eat cabbages or green salad to start a meal, and rice or bread to end it.
C．He should drink a spoon of vinegar first, then a glass of water to follow.
D．If he finishes dinner at 7, he shouldn’t exercise or do housework before 8:10.
5．The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．stop young people from eating sugar
B．introduce ways to balance blood sugar level
C．discuss the diseases caused by taking too much sugar
D．advise people to change their sugar intake patterns
Passage 2
（2024·江西吉安·一模）Ants (蚂蚁) are kind of like humans, because they live in big “ant cities”. In the ant cities, thousands of ants work together to build homes, find food and so on. Each ant city has a queen, and she mainly lays (产) eggs. In these ant cities, there are special rooms for keeping food and taking care of baby ants. Some ants have to pick up all the rubbish from the city and bring it outside the city. Do you think all that rubbish might be too much for a little ant Even though they are so small, ants can carry some heavy things.
The door to their underground world is what we call an “anthill (蚁丘)”. The anthill is made up of sand and dirt. In the middle is a little hole through which the ants can climb down into their underground city. Imagine trying to organize such a thing! You’d think that ants must be very good communicators.
The interesting part about ants is that they can’t talk. But this doesn’t stop these little
animals. Ants communicate by sending out different chemicals (化学物质) from their bodies for other ants to smell. For example, if an ant finds a piece of food, it will send out a kind of chemical that says “there is food here”. The other ants will follow their noses toward the food until it is all gone. If there is something perilous around, ants will send out a kind of chemical that says “stay away”. Each city of ants has its own special smell. This way ants can tell if there is danger.
So next time you see ants, stop and think about how amazing these little animals are and what their lives are like.
6．What does the queen ant mainly do
A．She mainly lays eggs. B．She mainly takes care of baby ants.
C．She mainly finds food. D．She mainly picks up all the rubbish.
7．Match the thing with the instruction and then choose the right order.
①The ant city ②The anthill
a. It is made of sand and dirt. b. It has a queen ant.
c. Ants climb down into their underground city through the little hole in the middle of it.
d. It has special rooms for keeping food and taking care of baby ants.
e. Thousands of ants work together in it. f. It is the door to their underground world.
A．①-abc ②-def B．①-bde ②-acf C．①-be f ②-cdf D．①-abd ②-bcf
8．How is the third paragraph developed
A．By telling some experiences. B．By giving some examples.
C．By explaining the meaning. D．By showing the background.
9．What does the underlined word “perilous” in Paragraph 3 mean!
A．Peaceful. B．Safe. C．Dangerous. D．Funny.
10．Why did the writer write this passage
A．To ask us to help ants live better. B．To show us ants are our friends.
C．To encourage us to protect ants. D．To tell us something about ants.
Passage 3
（2024·山东日照·二模）
School bullying is increasingly becoming a problem, but the move by Aofeng School in Fuzhou, capital of Fujian province, to install (安装) an alarm system inside toilets to catch bullying is getting a lot of attention.
The alarm system has been installed insensitive (敏感的) places such as toilets and it uses voice recognition (识别) and sensitive word activation (激活), so that if someone is being bullied the system can alert (警示) the school staff by sending out specific signals.
The system uses AI for voice recognition, but its effectiveness (有效性) doesn’t only depend on these technologies. More important than the technology are the school staff who need to respond quickly to the specific signals. In most cases of school bullying, educators have overlooked early warning signs, allowing the situation to be out of control. And that can sometimes lead to a terrible outcome.
Returning to the system in Fuzhou, the school has suggested that the move is still in its experimental phase (实验阶段) and will be carried out once it is further improved. If the system proves effective, the government may consider introducing similar systems in other schools to stop bullying. However, it is important for them to remember that it is human action, not just technology that can help solve this serious problem. Technology can certainly serve as a necessary tool, but it is the human element (因素)—focused attention, care, and timely prevention—that finally holds the key to creating a safer environment for all students.
11．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing Paragraph 1
A．To raise a question. B．To explain a problem.
C．To lead in the topic. D．To introduce can alarm system.
12．What does the underlined word “overlook” mean
A．miss B．notice C．care D．watch
13．What is the writer’s attitude towards Aofeng School’s move
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncertain. D．Fearful.
14．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The move by Aofeng in Fuzhou is a great success.
B．More schools will use the alarm system in the future.
C．Students’ safety will depend mainly on technology.
D．People play a more important role in stopping bullying.
Passage 4
（2024·河南驻马店·二模）We can see circles, squares and triangles everywhere in our daily life. Have you thought about their meanings in films Much like colors, different shapes can show different features (特点) of characters in the scenes.
Circles represent (代表) things that are soft and natural. The round shape reminds us of things that appear in nature, like the sun, raindrops and so on. We can also connect circles with beautiful eyes, babies’ round faces. All these things make us feel happy and warm. This is why so many cartoon characters bodies-heroes, good people are round in shape, because circles represent goodness.
Squares show things that are unnatural or man-made, or things that are boring or old-fashioned. In Up, Carl, has a square face and wears square glasses, while Russell, always wears round medals. These shapes show the characters’ personalities. Carl is stubborn (执拗的) and lonely.
The angriest shape is the triangle. Every kid who draws a monster with sharp teeth draws a row of triangles, don’t they That’s because the shape represents fear, distrust and doubt in some way. Look at the bad guys in cartoons—they are all drawn with plenty of points and triangles, like Shengongbao in Ne Zha. And triangles are stable (稳固的) and don’t easily fall down. In films, this feature makes bad people difficult to deal with.
Not only in cartoons, but also in other kinds of films, different shapes are used for the same purpose. So, try to find the hidden shapes and you will know what the characters are like.
15．The writer explains the relationship between squares and personalities of cartoon characters by ________.
A．telling a story B．giving an example
C．raising a question D．showing the results of a study
16．Why is Shengongbao mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．Because kids think he is a monster.
B．Because he has a row of sharp teeth.
C．Because he is a bad guy in the film.
D．Because he is not easy to deal with.
17．What does the underlined word “triangle” refer to
A． B． C． D．
18．Which of the following is the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
19．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Why different shapes represent different things.
B．What makes heroes in films have great charm:
C．What different shapes represent in films.
D．How to make cartoons with different colors and shapes.
Passage 5
（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）1. Do you yawn (打哈欠) There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research. They do not know exactly why yawning happens, but they do know many facts about yawning.
2. We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.
3. Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true. People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.
4. Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you
are young, you breathe deeply. You also stretch (强化) the muscles (肌肉) in your face, mouth, and neck. Your eardrums (耳膜) stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.
5. In some countries, people think yawning is not nice. People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn. In other countries, people think yawning is healthy. They think that opening the mouth very big can let good things in. When they breathe out, they think that bad things go out of the body with the air.
6. Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
20．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph (段落) 2 mean
A．Able to spread quickly. B．Able to sleep quickly. C．Able to change easily.
21．Why do Olympic runners often yawn before a race
A．They are too tired or too bored.
B．A yawn can let good things in.
C．A yawn can help a warm brain cool down.
22．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5
A．Reasons for yawning.
B．Advantages of yawning.
C．Different ideas about yawning.
23．What can we probably infer (推断) from the passage
A．People use different ways to yawn.
B．Some scientists think yawning is good for people.
C．Scientists will do further research on yawning.
24．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage
A． B． C．
Passage 6
（2024·河南南阳·二模）Do you feel sleepy on rainy days If the answer is yes, you’re not
alone. Many people feel the same way. But do you know why
One of the reasons is that there’s little sunshine on rainy days. Our brain will have less serotonin (血清素) and more melatonin (褪黑素) if there’s not enough sunlight. Serotonin helps us feel good and vigorous, while melatonin makes us feel sleepy. As a result, we may want to go to sleep and even feel a bit sad when it’s rainy.
The humidity (湿度) of a rainy day is another reason. As it rains, the air becomes wetter than usual. It’s more difficult for our sweat (汗水) to dry in weather like this, so our body has to work harder to stay cool. This can make us feel tired.
Moreover, the sound of rain, a type of pink noise, will make us feel sleepy too. Like white noise, pink noise includes all the sound frequencies (频率) humans can hear, but it has fewer high frequencies than white noise. This makes pink noise sound softer. Studies show that people’s brain waves (电波) will become fewer when they hear pink noise, so they’ll fall asleep more easily.
Now you can understand why you’re sleepy on rainy days. Then what can you do if you don’t like that feeling Well, you can get as much natural light as possible and keep yourself busy. Also, you can use a machine to make your room dry. In this way, you won’t feel sleepy any more.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
25．How does the writer start the text ________
A．By telling a story.
B．By asking a question.
C．By using a picture.
D．By listing numbers.
26．What does the underlined word “vigorous” probably mean ________
A．Active. B．Bored. C．Safe. D．Afraid.
27．What can we learn from the fourth paragraph ________
A．White noise includes fewer high frequencies than pink noise.
B．People will have more brain waves when they hear pink noise.
C．It’s difficult for people to fall asleep when they hear pink noise.
D．The softer the noise sounds, the more easily people will feel sleepy.
28．How many pieces of advice does the writer offer to avoid getting sleepy on rainy days ________
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
29．What’s the text mainly about ________
A．The reasons why people need enough sleep.
B．Some tips on keeping healthy in daily life.
C．Some ways to help people sleep better on rainy days.
D．The reasons why people are sleepy in rainy weather.
Passage 7
（2024·北京·一模）You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to practice daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness.
Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system (神经系统).
Stress is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life. Of course, everybody has stress more or less; nobody’s life is perfect. In fact, we would never learn anything or grow or change. We would probably be bored to death. But too much stress can hurt you. It can weaken your body’s protection so that you are more likely to catch diseases. It can even make you more likely to have an accident.
When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline (肾上腺素). Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heartbeat. Today you have a different kind of stress. Problems like endless homework or troubles with your family are the kind of things you can’t fight or run away from, and that’s what can do something bad to you.
What can you do about stress First, you can try to find ways to change things so you aren’t under so much stress. You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.
The link (关联) between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. It’s important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral
pill every day. Another thing that you can do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, a person who isn’t used to much physical activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before starting any exercise programs.
30．A psychologist is a person who may help you with your ________.
A．illness and abilities
B．thoughts and behaviour
C．mind and nervous system
D．physical activity and daily exercise
31．Which of the following is true according to the passage ________
A．You shouldn’t go to the gym if you are under stress.
B．One can do his homework to burn up adrenaline.
C．Diseases and accidents are caused by stress.
D．Everyone needs stress to improve himself.
32．From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we know that ________.
A．it’s difficult to change a stressful situation
B．it’s not stressful when a good change takes place
C．a big change will cause another stressful situation
D．a stressful situation can’t be changed without any effort
Passage 8
（2024·河北邢台·二模）There is no doubt that technology has had a big influence on our lives. People from all around the world can now talk to each other almost at once on mobile phones and the Internet. People can easily solve their problems with the help of computers and the world wide web. With this technology, it seems that the world is more connected now than ever before. Even so, there have been worries about technology making people feel lonely and disconnected from others around them.
So does this mean that technology makes us lonely
In my opinion, it is hard to say Yes or No.
It’s true that humans need communication with each other. If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental (心理的) health. For me, technology is a
tool. And just like any other kind of tool—like scissors, a pencil or a ruler, for example, it depends on how we use it: in a right way or in a right place. Take social media (社交媒体) as an example. If you only use it to compare yourself with others, you might feel sad and lonely. But if you use it as a tool to connect with friends and family or to start a new community to talk about your hobbies and interests, the loneliness will turn into love and friendship.
When you feel lonely after staring at your computer screen all day, maybe you can use that technology to reach out to a reliable (可靠的) friend and invite him or her out for lunch or a coffee.
33．What is the effect of technology in our lives according to the passage
A．We can read electronic books.
B．We can solve our problems on the Internet.
C．We can buy almost anything we need online.
D．We can make friends with people around the world.
34．If we use technology too much, what will we feel according to Paragraph 4
A．Tired and sleepy. B．Bored and worried.
C．Warm and happy. D．Sad and lonely.
35．What is the writer’s idea of technology
A．It is a kind of tool. B．It is a friend of ours.
C．It is a pair of scissors. D．It is a way of communication.
36．Which word is close to the underlined word “impact”
A．Connect. B．Protect. C．Influence. D．Enter.
37．Which can be a proper title for the text
A．Social Media is Important to Us B．Technology Can be Good and Bad
C．Computers and the Internet Help Us D．People Need to Communicate with Each Other
Passage 9
（2024·江苏泰州·一模）
Growing up, we’ve heard a lot of views of how sex (性别) influences interests and jobs. For example, boys do math better than girls, while girls are better at learning languages. We usually
think this is because of differences in how boys’ and girls’ brains work. But is it true
According to past studies, some parts of our brains can be different in size. Scientists used to think these differences might affect how well men and women think and do things. They found this by scanning people’s brains. However, in most of the studies, researchers only scanned less than 100 people. As said in a 2022 study, for such research to be believable, you would need to scan the brains of thousands of people at least.
In 2023, the UK Biobank, a big database (数据库) used for research, scanned the brains of 40,000 people in the UK, providing new finding. It showed differences between men and women in the size of certain brain parts. About one-third of these parts were found to be larger in men, while another third were larger in women.
Also, our brains might change in structure (结构) and size according to our life experiences. For example, a man’s brain area use for math might be larger than a woman’s, simply because he works in a job requiring math skills. So, any brain differences between men and women could be a result, not a cause, of different roles in life and society, noted New Scientist.
38．In Paragraph 1, the writer explains views of how sex influences interests and jobs by ________.
A．telling a story B．making a survey C．giving an example D．asking a question
39．According to Paragraph 2, the result of the past studies was unbelievable may because ________.
A．the researchers scanned the people in an improper way
B．all the people researchers scanned are not from the UK
C．the researchers used wrong information to draw a conclusion
D．the number of the people researchers scanned was too small
40．According to the passage, the writer may agree that ________.
A．a boy is born better at math than a girl
B．life experience can influence a person’s brain
C．the sex of a person leads to differences in the brain
D．there are no differences in the brain between sexes
41．The following paragraph can best go after ________.
However, these differences were tiny, often just a size difference in percentage. They are not big
enough to draw a conclusion from them, Camille Williams from the University of Texas at Austin, US, told New Scientist.
A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4
42．In which part of the website can you probably find this passage
A．Science B．Fashion C．Education D．Technology
Passage 10
（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Paper was invented by a Chinese man called Cai Lun almost 2,000 years ago. It didn’t spread to Europe until the year 1100. And four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that countries rich in forests, such as Canada Sweden, America, and Finland became the most important ones in paper making.
The common uses for paper include newspapers, magazines and books. But do you know that paper can be used for keeping warm For example, in Finland, the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow. And even houses can be insulated from heat or cold with paper.
However, we have to understand that paper still comes from trees now. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth some day in the near future. Every day people throw away about 2,800 tons of paper in the world, which means that we are cutting down nearly 48,000 trees every day. The fact is that it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow.
As for this problem, we can do many things in daily life. We can use both sides of every piece of paper. We can make useful things out of used paper. We can use china or glass cups instead of paper ones. When shopping, we can use fewer paper bags and reuse them if we have some.
In short, we should keep a balance between using paper and protecting trees, and do it now before it is too late.
43．When did making paper from trees spread widely around the world
A．2,000 years ago. B．In 1100.
C．After 1500. D．In 2100.
44．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph
A．Paper is very popular in Finland.
B．Paper can be used in many ways.
C．Paper is widely used by farmers in Finland.
D．Paper is be used in many ways.
45．How many trees do we need to make one ton of paper
A．About 48,000 trees. B．About 1950.
C．About 2,800. D．About 17.
46．What does the writer suggest doing in the fourth paragraph
A．Saving as much paper as possible.
B．Buying fewer things made of paper.
C．Using other materials to make paper.
D．Saving fewer things made of paper.
47．Which of the following is TRUE
A．A German made the best paper in 1100.
B．We should plant more trees for making paper.
C．A German made the best paper in 2100.
D．The writer is worried about paper waste.
Passage 11
（2024·山东泰安·二模）What color of wearing do you like Do you know “dopamine dressing (多巴胺穿搭)” It’s one of the most talked about fashion trends (时尚趋势) for 2023. However, is there any science behind this
“Dopamine dressing” came out from the book Dress Your Best Life. American fashion psychologist (心理学家), Dawnn Karen wrote this book in 2020. In the book, dopamine dressing is about wearing colorful clothing to get more dopamine.
Dopamine is a chemical in our brain. This kind of chemical makes people feel good. Our brain gives it out when we eat delicious food, play with our pets, listen to our favorite songs, after we exercise or when we win a game.
According to Science Focus Magazine, there are studies that show a relationship between the colors of the clothes we wear and how we act and feel. One study found that wearing red can bring better physical performance. It also showed bright colors can make people feel active. One more study showed that wearing green can help people relax because it is the color of nature.
Yellow, the color of summer and warmth, can bring people happiness. But there are some problems with these studies, as people from different cultures have different ideas about dressing and colors.
In a word, “dopamine dressing” shows that we can wear colorful clothes to get more dopamine and feel good. Dressing is more than just a trend. It’s also a way of showing ourselves. So, next time you’re getting dressed, think about which colors will bring out your best self.
48．How does the writer start the passage
A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers.
C．By asking questions. D．By using old sayings.
49．When may our brain give out dopamine according to the passage
A．When we study for a test. B．While we’re lying in bed.
C．While we’re playing with dogs. D．When we eat something terrible.
50．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
51．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Fashion Trends for 2023
B．Secrets of Personal Expression
C．The Truth of Different Dressing Cultures
D．The Science Behind Dopamine Dressing
Passage 12
（2024·河南商丘·三模）Imagine if animals could join the Olympic Games! They’d need three different gold medals for the champions (冠军) of speed on land, in the sea, and in the sky. On ground, the cheetah (猎豹) would race past everyone, running as fast as 120 km/h. In the ocean, a sailfish would swim to victory at 110 km/h. And up in the air, a peregrine falcon (游隼) would fly down at an amazing speed of 320 km/h. These are the speediest animals in their environments.
Cheetahs are like super-fast sports cars of the animal world. They breathe super quick and
their long tails help them turn around comers like race car drivers. They’re so fast that they can go from standing still to racing faster than most cars in just a few seconds!
In the ocean, sailfish are the fastest swimmers. They look pretty special with their long, sword-like noses and big fins that look like sails. They can swim through water so fast and even jump out of it, making them really fun to watch.
High up in the sky, peregrine falcons are the speediest. They have dark feathers (羽毛) on their heads, looking like they’re wearing racing helmets. When they dive, they go so fast that they can knock other birds out cold before catching them.
So, where do humans stand in this super-fast animal world Well, with a top speed of 25 km/h, we might end up in a tie with elephants-not exactly record-breaking! Good thing the actual Olympics are just for humans.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
52．How fast can a cheetah run
A．25 km/h. B．110 km/h. C．120 km/h. D．320 km/h.
53．What makes the sailfish the fastest animal in the sea
A．Its ability to fly. B．Its dark feathers.
C．Its long tail. D．Its large fins and sword-like nose.
54．What does the underlined word probably mean “helmets” in the text
A．刹车 B．头盔 C．方向盘 D．围巾
55．What is the structure of the passage (P: Paragraph)
A． B． C． D．
56．What’s the best title for the text
A．The animal Olympic Games
B．The animals that run faster than Olympic champions
C．The most dangerous animals to humans
D．The Fastest Animals on Land, in the Sea, and in the Air
Passage 13
（2024·山西大同·二模）
Bullet comments (弹幕) are a new form of comments (评论) which move across the screen while a video is playing in recent years. It’s not only a way of communication but also serves as a bridge connecting people in the digital age. However, different people have different opinions about it.
57．Jack thinks the bullet comments are________.
A．funny B．boring C．serious
58．Mary prefers to ________while watching videos.
A．guess the stories B．turn bullet comments off C．communicate with others
59．Tom would_________when there were no bullet comments before.
A．have more thoughts on the movie
B．feel bored when watching a movie
C．find some comments about the movie
60．Judy has the similar idea about bullet comments as________.
A．Jack B．Mary C．Tom
61．This passage is about_________.
A．different ideas on a new form of comments
B．some new experiences of making friends online
C．four students who like different kinds of movies
Passage 14
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）Traveling makes us feel sick because modern transport tricks the brain into thinking we have been poisoned (中毒), a scientist has said.
Being in a car, train, boat or plane makes conflicting (矛盾的) signals in the brain which causes an action similar to something that happens when someone is poisoned.
Dr Dean Burnett, from Cardiff University, said the feeling of sickness is caused because the brain thinks the body needs to remove a toxin (毒素) through vomiting (呕吐). But in fact, the “poisoning” effect is caused by the mixed messages—for the muscles, they tell the brain the body is motionless, but for the ears, they got the feeling that the body has some movement.
Dr Dean Burnett explained that reading in a car made the feeling of travel sickness worse, because the eyes were focused on a small, motionless space and gave the brain no information to explain that the body was moving.
The feeling of sickness could be weakened by looking out of a car window because this showed the brain that movement was taking place. “You can see the passage and movement itself, and that balances the system,” he said. “The brain’s going: ‘Oh, look, things are moving—I must be moving’—and then it calms down the sickness.”
Dr Burnett said there was no clear reason why some people experienced carsickness more than others. But he said there were several other aspects of modern life with which the brain had not yet recognized or understood.
62．Why does a person feel sick when traveling in a modern transport according to the writer
A．Because his body was too weak. B．Because he ate something bad.
C．Because buses make him feel very excited. D．Because the mixed messages were sent to his brain.
63．What does the underlined word “motionless” mean
A．Pretty active. B．Very large. C．Not moving. D．More clever.
64．Which of the following can help people overcome carsickness
①Looking out of the window. ②Reading a story on the bus.
③Looking at the movement itself. ④Looking at something quiet.
A．①③ B．②④ C．①② D．③④
65．What’s the best title of this passage
A．What a Terrible Travel! B．Why Do We Get Carsick
C．How to Keep Balance D．The Danger of Modern Transport.
Passage 15
（2024·安徽阜阳·一模）One day in 2011, the weather was fine. Jerome Michaud-Lariviere, a French engineer, was sitting in a square. Then he found the leaves on the trees moving. Suddenly an idea came to his mind: “That’s energy. Why not make use of it ”
After three years of hard work, Jerome and his team finally developed a nearly eight-meter-tall Wind Tree. It is like a real tree. Its plastic leaves can turn and produce electricity even when there is a little wind. Each year, one Wind Tree can produce nearly 18,000 kWh, which is enough to support a family of four. This could cut the family’s yearly carbon emissions (碳排放) by over 12 tons. Even better, the trees make little noise while they are working. This isn’t detrimental to humans or animals, and it’s good for the environment.
However, the Wind Tree is not perfect. It is expensive to build and maintain (维护) . It also requires some wind to produce electricity, so it may not be suitable for areas with low wind speeds.
Although there are some shortcomings (不足) , the Wind Tree is still a great invention that provides clean energy and helps protect the environment. Jerome said, “We hope that the Wind Tree can be connected with other ways such as geothermal power (地热发电) and energy-saving buildings. In the future, we will develop a perfect Wind Tree.”
66．What encouraged Jerome to have an idea about energy
A．The green trees. B．The blowing wind.
C．The moving leaves. D．The beautiful square.
67．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Useful. B．Harmful.
C．Careful. D．Thankful.
68．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The history of the Wind Tree.
B．The high price of the Wind Tree.
C．The introduction of the Wind Tree.
D．The disadvantages of the Wind Tree.
Passage 16
（2024·安徽阜阳·一模）Every year, a large number of birds hit the glass. Birds fly towards the glass as it reflects (反射) the sky and nearby trees during the day.
These accidents (事故) can be avoided if we use proper ways. A German bird research group learned a skill from spiders. When insects hit spider webs (网), spiders often catch them, while birds do not hit spider web s and can always avoid them in time. After the research, it was discovered that the silk given by spiders can reflect UV rays (紫外线), which birds can see.
Scientists think that if glass windows are covered with UV coatings, birds think they are “huge spider webs hanging in the sky”, and they will cleverly avoid them. The research shows that 66% of birds consider the special glass as a wall and don’t hit it. Scientists say, “Although this number may not be as high as our expected 100% or 95%, it can still save a lot of birds.”
In fact, when we deal with accidents of birds by using ways from spider webs, we are trying to use nature to protect animals. Nature is so clever and it seems to have the ability to solve everything.
69．Why do birds hit the glass during the day
A．Because the glass reflects the sky and trees.
B．Because there are bright lights during the day.
C．Because there are more and more high buildings.
D．Because birds cannot see the light the glass reflects.
70．According to scientists, what can be done to solve the problem
A．Make the glass look like a big tree. B．Cover the glass with UV coatings.
C．Hang a huge spider web in the sky. D．Cut down the number of high buildings.
71．Which picture could best match the research results (□Good results Bad results)
A． B． C． D．
Passage 17
（2024·江苏连云港·一模）Many inventions from ancient China have survived into the modern day. Among them is the umbrella, which hasn’t changed much in its shape, usage and beauty.
In ancient times, umbrellas were made of materials like silk, paper and bamboo, and came in different colours and designs. They were used to protect people against the sun and rain, and they were also used in some special situations. For example, a red umbrella was used at weddings in some places. It was the symbol of protection against bad things and difficulties that the new couple would face.
In Chinese history, the earliest umbrellas appeared during the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476 BC). The wife of famous carpenter Lu Ban made the first umbrella to protect him from bad weather. But another story goes that Lu Ban came up with the idea of creating an umbrella when he saw some children using lotus (荷花) leaves for rain protection.
After the invention of paper, the oil-paper umbrella came into being, and then during the Tang Dynasty, it spread to Japan and Southeast Asian countries. When modern umbrellas appeared, the oil-paper umbrella was hardly seen.
But today, the art of oil-paper umbrella making is making a comeback because of some people. Wen Shishan is one of them. Wen has made oil-paper umbrellas for more than 30 years. He also made some umbrellas to celebrate the 19th Asian Games. He wanted to let more people learn about the oil-paper umbrella culture.
72．Why were umbrellas invented in ancient times
A．To become an instrument of war. B．To bring the new couple difficulties.
C．To celebrate festivals in some places. D． To protect people from the sun and rain.
73．How does the writer develop paragraph 3
A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions.
C．By listing numbers. D．By showing pictures.
74．What does the underlined phrase “making a comeback” mean in the last paragraph
A．Learning about culture. B．Coming home late.
C．Becoming popular again. D．Making an umbrella.
75．What’s the best title for the passage
A．The history of the umbrella B．How Lu Ban designed umbrellas
C．The materials of the umbrella D．How Wen made oil-paper umbrellas
Passage 18
（2024·河北邯郸·二模）Tomatoes are red, the sky is blue, and bananas are yellow, right Well, not exactly — color does not really exist (存在). What exists is light. Light is real, but color is not. It is our brain that creates color.
We’re told to trust our eyes, but our eyes have little to do with vision (视觉). We see much more with our brains. You sometimes see different colors because your brain thinks they have a different meaning. The brain does this by looking at what’s around the object. Here is an example. If you see a person wearing a white shirt against different backgrounds, your brain might express the same white color differently. Suppose this person stands in front of a bright yellow background, your brain might think the white shirt is more like gray. If the person moves to a dark blue background, the same white shirt might appear closer to a brighter color.
Color is created according to our past experiences, and sometimes there are optical illusions (视错觉). That is because your brain includes the recent history of what you saw, at least for a brief time. But if you watch the thing for a longer time, your brain may forget the recent history and see the real color.
This raises the question: Do you see what I see The answer, in short, is no. Our past and present experiences are different. None of us even sees the world as it really is, but as a meaning that comes from our own experiences. It’s clear that seeing is not always believing.
76．What is real according to the writer
A．Light. B．Mind. C．Meaning. D．Color.
77．Why does the writer give an example in Paragraph 2
A．To make the text longer. B．To make a comparison.
C．To support the idea. D．To show a problem.
78．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Color is influenced by the background of an object.
B．Color comes from our past experiences.
C．Color is changing all the time.
D．White is the lightest color.
79．Which word is close to the underlined word “brief”
A．Hard. B．Simple. C．Quick. D．Short.
80．Which can be a proper title for the text
A．Does Color Stay the Same B．Is Seeing Really Believing
C．Do You See What I See D．Is Color a Recent History
Passage 19
（2024·广东广州·一模）Grown-ups can’t often remember much about what happened in their early age. As a result, some people think we aren’t able to make memories before we’re 4 or 5years old. But researchers studying early memories don’t think so. They believe we do start making memories at a very young age. However, what we remember about our early years seems to change as we grow up.
Researchers worked with 140 children aged between 4 and 13. First, they asked the children to describe their earliest memory. Then they asked them about how old they were when the event took place. Next, they asked the children’s parents to make sure that the event actually happened. All the answers were written down. Two years later, the researchers went back to the children and asked them again, “What’s your earliest memory ”
Nearly all the children who were aged between 4 and 7 in the first interview said something very different in the second interview. And when the researchers reminded them of what they’d said the first time, many of the children said: “No! That never happened to me.” On the other hand, many of the children who were between 10 and 13 at the first interview described the same memory in the second interview. This seems to suggest that our memories change in the early years, but that at around the age of ten, the things that we remember remain.
According to the study, the researchers also found that children’s early memories were often happy ones. However, people used to think that most early memories were about very
stressful things that happened to them as children, because bad things stand out in mind. In fact, stressful events were only a small percentage of what the children said they remembered.
81．What do we know about our memories according to the research
A．We don’t remember stressful things in life.
B．We don’t realize we can change our memories.
C．We begin to make memories when we are little.
D．We start to make memories at around the age of 10.
82．How does the researchers check whether the children’s earliest memories are true
A．By recording their answers.
B．By turning to their parents for help.
C．By asking them again two years later.
D．By dividing them into different groups.
83．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The children aged from 8 to 11 in the first interview.
B．The children aged from 10 to 13 in the first interview.
C．The children aged from 4 to 7 in the second interview.
D．The children aged from 6 to 9 in the second interview.
84．What will the researchers probably go on studying according to the passage
A．What children’s first or earliest memory actually is.
B．Who is responsible for checking children’s memories.
C．Why children remember certain events but not others.
D．Whether the earliest memory change as people grow up.
Passage 20
（2024·江苏苏州·一模）Homologous structures (同源结构) are body parts that look similar in different animals, though they serve different purposes. For example, a human’s arm and a bat’s wing have similar bone structures. However, they serve different purposes. Humans use their arms to hold and reach things. Bats use their wings for flying. These two features are homologous.
Analogous structures (类似结构), on the other hand, are body parts that serve the same purpose but have different bone structures. For example, a bat and a butterfly use their wings for flight. The structure, however, is very different. The bat wing is made of bones, while the butterfly
wing is made of something much thinner.
Homologous structures tell us about the relationship between animals, showing that they develop from the same kind of animals. However, analogous structures are different because they developed separately to serve a similar purpose.
85．What does the passage mainly tell us about homologous and analogous structures
A．Where they can be found. B．Why they are important.
C．How they are used in life. D．What their differences are.
86．Which of the following pairs belongs to analogous structures
A．bat wing human arm
B．insect leg bird wing
C．bird wing butterfly wing
D．horse leg human arm
87．Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from
A．Geography Facts. B．Biology World.
C．Modern Technology. D．Fashion Guide.
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了糖是我们需要的能源之一，但吃太多糖会引起许多健康问题，甚至导致高血糖水平，每天的食物中都藏着糖，因此文中讲到一些控制糖的摄入的方法以及改善糖的摄入模式。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Eating too much sugar causes many health problems, even leads to high blood sugar level, which could bring us diabetes (糖尿病), heart disease, liver disease or even depression.”可知，吃太多糖会引起许多健康问题，甚至导致高血糖水平，这可能会给我们带来糖尿病，心脏病、肝病甚至抑郁症。所以选项A“忧虑”不属于吃太多糖引起的疾病。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“World Health Organization (WHO) suggests adults and children should limit sugar intake to 25 grams or less every day.”可知，世界卫生组织建议成人和儿童应将每天的糖摄入量限制在25克或以下。所以选项C“成年人每天摄入的糖不应超过25克。”表述正确。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段“World Health Organization (WHO) suggests adults and children should limit sugar intake to 25 grams or less every day.”可知，世界卫生组织建议成人和儿童应将每天的糖摄入量……在25克或以下。可见这是在说糖的摄入量，选项B“控制”符合语境。所以limit和control是近义词。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“Eat foods in the right order. Eat your vegetables first, followed by eggs and meat, then rice or bread.”可知，按正确的顺序吃食物。先吃蔬菜，然后是鸡蛋和肉，然后是米饭或面包。所以选项B“吃卷心菜或绿色沙拉开始一顿饭，吃米饭或面包结束一顿饭。”这种做法对高血糖的人有好处。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了糖是我们需要的能源之一，但吃太多糖会引起许多健康问题，甚至导致高血糖水平，每天的食物中都藏着糖，文中讲到一些控制糖的摄入的方法以及改善糖的摄入模式。因此本文主要建议人们改变糖的摄入模式。故选D。
6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文向我们介绍了一些关于蚂蚁的事情。
6．细节理解题。根据“Each ant city has a queen, and she mainly lays (产) eggs.”可知，蚁后主
要负责产卵，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据“In the ant cities, thousands of ants work together to build homes, find food and so on. Each an t city has a queen, and she mainly lays (产) eggs.”可知，蚁城有一只蚁后，它有专门的房间用来存放食物和照顾小蚂蚁，而且成千上万的蚂蚁在里面一起工作。所以①对应bde。根据“The anthill is made up of sand and dirt. In the middle is a little hole through which the ants can climb down into their underground city”可知，蚁丘是由沙子和泥土构成的，蚂蚁可以从中间的小洞爬进它们的地下城，这个洞是他们通往地下世界的大门。所以②对应acf。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据“For example, if an ant finds a piece of food, it will send out a kind of chemical that says ‘there is food here’.”可知，第三段通过举例来开展的，故选B。
9．词义猜测题。根据“ants will send out a kind of chemical that says ‘stay away’.”和“This way ants can tell if there is danger.”可知，蚂蚁会发出一种化学物质，这种化学物质提示其他蚂蚁这里有危险，故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据“So next time you see ants, stop and think about how amazing these little animals are and what their lives are like.”和全文可知，作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们一些关于蚂蚁的事情。故选D。
11．C 12．A 13．B 14．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了福州鳌峰学校在厕所内安装警报系统以捕捉欺凌行为的举动引起了广泛关注。
11．推理判断题。根据“…but the move by Aofeng School in Fuzhou, capital of Fujian province, to install (安装) an alarm system inside toilets to catch bullying is getting a lot of attention.”可知，第一段谈及福州鳌峰学校在厕所内安装警报系统以捕捉欺凌行为的举动引起了广泛关注，用于引出话题。故选C。
12．词句猜测题。根据“In most cases of school bullying, educators have overlooked early warning signs, allowing the situation to be out of control.”可知，在大多数校园欺凌案例中，教育者忽视早期的预警信号，导致事态失控，overlooked意为“忽视”，与miss同义。故选A。
13．观点态度题。根据“However, it is important for them to remember that it is human action, not just technology that can help solve this serious problem. Technology can certainly serve as a necessary tool, but it is the human element (因素)—focused attention, care, and timely
prevention—that finally holds the key to creating a safer environment for all students.”可知，作者在文章结尾谈到，能够帮助解决校园欺凌这一严重问题的是人类行为，而不仅仅是技术。技术可以作为一种必要的工具，但为所有学生创造一个更安全的环境的关键是人性化——提高关注、关心和及时预防。由此可知，作者对于这一举措仍抱怀疑态度。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据“However, it is important for them to remember that it is human action, not just technology that can help solve this serious problem. Technology can certainly serve as a necessary tool, but it is the human element (因素)—focused attention, care, and timely prevention—that finally holds the key to creating a safer environment for all students.”可知，作者在最后一段谈到，能够帮助解决校园欺凌这一严重问题的是人类行为，而不仅仅是技术。也就是说，人类行为在预防校园欺凌这一事件中起到更重要的作用。故选D。
15．B 16．C 17．A 18．A 19．C
【导语】本文介绍了我们随处可见圆形、正方形和三角形，不同的形状可以在场景中显示不同的人物特征。
15．细节理解题。根据“In Up, Carl, has a square face and wears square glasses, while Russell, always wears round medals.”可知，作者通过举例来说明方形与卡通人物性格的关系。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据“Look at the bad guys in cartoons—they are all drawn with plenty of points and triangles, like Shengongbao in Ne Zha.”可知，申公豹是坏人。故选C。
17．词义猜测题。根据“And triangles are stable (稳固的)”可知，三角形具有稳定性，故选A。
18．篇章结构题。第一段提出主题，不同的形状可以在场景中显示不同的人物特征；第二三四段，分别介绍圆形、正方形和三角形与人物的联系；第五段总结。故选A。
19．主旨大意题。本文介绍了我们随处可见圆形、正方形和三角形，不同的形状可以在场景中显示不同的人物特征。因此文章主要是谈论不同的形状代表了什么，故选C。
20．A 21．C 22．C 23．B 24．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于打哈欠的事实。
20．词义猜测题。根据“We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.”可知当别人打哈欠时，你也会打哈欠，所以哈欠是会传染的，划线部分单词意为“能够快速传播”。故选A。
21．细节理解题。根据“Why is that In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.”可知科学家发现打哈欠可以帮助温暖的大脑冷静下来。故选C。
22．主旨大意题。根据“In some countries, people think yawning is not nice....In other countries...”以及本段内容可知本文主要介绍了不同国家对于打哈欠的看法。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据“In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.”以及“Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.”可知科学家发现打哈欠会帮助大脑冷静下来，能让你更快地注意到事情，由此可推知一些科学家认为打哈欠对人有好处。故选B。
24．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了话题；第二至第五段介绍了关于打哈欠的事实；第六段进行总结。故选B。
25．B 26．A 27．D 28．A 29．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了下雨天人们会感到困倦的原因，以及解决这个问题的方法。
25．细节理解题。根据“Do you feel sleepy on rainy days If the answer is yes, you’re not alone. Many people feel the same way. But do you know why ”可知，作者通过问问题引出文章正文。故选B。
26．词义猜测题。根据“Serotonin helps us feel good and vigorous, while melatonin makes us feel sleepy.”可知，划线词与good并列，且while表示转折，所以划线部分与sleepy意思相反，意为”充满活力的”符合语境。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“This makes pink noise sound softer. Studies show that people’s brain waves (电波) will become fewer when they hear pink noise, so they’ll fall asleep more easily.”可知，粉噪声听起来更柔和，当人们听到粉噪音时，他们的脑电波会变少，就更容易入睡，因此越柔和的噪音越容易让人感到困倦。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据文末“you can get as much natural light as possible and keep yourself busy. Also, you can use a machine to make your room dry. In this way, you won’t feel sleepy any more.”可知，接触自然光使自己忙碌起来和使房间干燥可以避免犯困，所以作者提供了2条建议来减少在雨天犯困。故选A。
29．主旨大意题。根据文章开头“Do you feel sleepy on rainy days If the answer is yes, you’re not alone. Many people feel the same way. But do you know why ”通过提问雨天犯困的原因引出文章主题，且通读全文可知，文章主要讲述雨天让人感觉困倦的原因。故选D。
30．B 31．D 32．C
【导语】本文介绍了心理因素如何影响身体健康，强调压力对人的双重影响。
30．细节理解题。根据“Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that do, called psychologists”可知，研究人类思维并试图解释为什么人们会有那样的行为方式的医生和其他科学家，被称为心理学家；即心理学家可以在想法和行为方面帮助你。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据“ Stress is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life. Of course, everybody has stress more or less; nobody’s life is perfect. In fact, we would never learn anything or grow or change. We would probably be bored to death.”可知，没有压力，我们永远学不到任何东西，也不会成长或改变，可能会无聊得要死；由此推知每个人都需要压力来提高自己。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据“A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.”可知，一个大的改变可能是一个好的改变，但它仍然会带来压力；由此推知一个大的变化会导致另一种有压力的情况。故选C。
33．B 34．D 35．A 36．C 37．B
【导语】本文主要介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在为我们带来便利的同时，也带来了问题。
33．细节理解题。根据“People can easily solve their problems with the help of computers and the world wide web.”可知，在计算机和万维网的帮助下，人们可以很容易地解决他们的问题。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据“If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental (心理的) health.”及“If you only use it to compare yourself with others, you might feel sad and lonely.”可知，过多的依赖技术来交流，这会严重影响我们的心理健康，比如只用它来和别人作比较，你就可能会感到伤心与孤独，因此过多的使用技术，可能会让人们感到孤独。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据“For me, technology is a tool.”可知，作者认为技术是一个工具。故选A。
36．词义猜测题。根据“If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly
impact our mental (心理的) health.”可知，过多的依赖技术来交流，这会严重影响我们的心理健康，划线单词表示“影响”，与influence同义。故选C。
37．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在为我们带来便利的同时，也带来了问题。故选B。
38．C 39．D 40．B 41．C 42．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于大脑性别差异的一些研究及结论。
38．细节理解题。由“For example, boys do math better than girls, while girls are better at learning languages.”可知作者是通过举例来说明性别如何影响兴趣和工作。故选C。
39．推理判断题。由“However, in most of the studies, researchers only scanned less than 100 people. As said in a 2022 study, for such research to be believable, you would need to scan the brains of thousands of people at least.”可知过去被扫描的人数是远远不够的。故可推知过去的研究不可信的原因可能是被研究者数量太少。故选D。
40．细节理解题。由第四段“Also, our brains might change in structure (结构) and size according to our life experiences.”可知我们的大脑可能会根据我们的生活经历而改变。故选B。
41．推理判断题。第三段“It showed differences between men and women in the size of certain brain parts.”中提到男女大脑存在差异，新段落段首也提及“However, these differences were tiny...”，前后文意衔接，构成转折关系。故新段落可放在第三段后。故选C。
42．文章出处题。本文主要介绍了关于大脑性别差异的一些研究及结论，属于科学领域，故选A。
43．C 44．B 45．D 46．A 47．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了纸的起源，纸的用处以及纸是由树木制造而成，人们浪费纸的现象导致砍伐树木的非常严重，本文就此提供了几种避免浪费纸张的建议。
43． 细节理解题。根据“It didn’t spread to Europe until the year 1100. And four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that...”可知，用树造纸在1500年之后才广泛传遍全世界，故选C。
44．主旨大意题。根据“The common uses for paper include newspapers, magazines and books”可知，本段介绍了纸的用处，故选B。
45．细节理解题。根据“ Every day people throw away about 2,800 tons of paper in the world,
which means that we are cutting down nearly 48,000 trees every day.”可知，世界上每天人们扔掉大约2800吨纸，这意味着我们每天砍伐近4.8万棵树，也就是1吨纸我们就需要约17棵树，故选D。
46． 细节理解题。根据“As for this problem, we can do many things in daily life. We can use both sides of every piece of paper…”可知，本段的建议就是尽量节约用纸，故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据“If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth some day in the near future”可知，如果我们继续浪费这么多纸，在不久的将来，地球上就不会有树了，作者很担心纸张浪费的现象，故选D。
48．C 49．C 50．A 51．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了“多巴胺穿搭”这一时尚潮流的相关内容。
48．细节理解题。根据“What color of wearing do you like Do you know “dopamine dressing ”可知，文章通过提问的方式引出话题。故选C。
49．细节理解题。根据“Our brain gives it out when we eat delicious food, play with our pets, listen to our favorite songs, after we exercise or when we win a game.”可知，当我们吃美味的食物、和宠物玩耍、听我们最喜欢的歌曲、锻炼后或赢得比赛时，我们的大脑会释放多巴胺，C选项符合原文内容。故选C。
50．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段整体介绍多巴胺穿搭，引出话题；二、三、四段分别介绍了多巴胺穿搭的出处、大脑多巴胺的释放以及各种颜色服装代表的意义；最后一段总结全文，说明穿衣打扮不仅是一种潮流，也是自我表达的一种方式，所以文章结构为总分总。故选A。
51．最佳标题题。根据“However, is there any science behind this ”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了多巴胺穿搭这一时尚潮流背后的科学依据。故选D。
52．C 53．D 54．B 55．C 56．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了陆地，海洋和天空中速度最快的三种动物。
52．细节理解题。根据“On ground, the cheetah (猎豹) would race past everyone, running as fast as 120 km/h.”可知猎豹的速度是120km/h。故选C。
53．细节理解题。根据“They look pretty special with their long, sword-like noses and big fins that look like sails.”可知它们长着剑一样的鼻子和看起来像帆的大鳍，这使它们的速度非常快。
故选D。
54．词句猜测题。根据“They have dark feathers (羽毛) on their heads, looking like they’re wearing racing helmets.”可知此处在类比游隼头顶的深色羽毛，猜测helmets意为“头盔”。故选B。
55．篇章结构题。文章第一段是总起段，引出了海陆空三种速度最快的动物，第二三四段分别详细介绍了这三种速度很快的动物，最后一段是总结段。因此文章为总分总结构。故选C。
56．最佳标题题。通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了陆地，海洋和天空中速度最快的三种动物。选项D“陆地、海洋和空中速度最快的动物”符合文章主旨。故选D。
57．A 58．C 59．A 60．C 61．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是弹幕，以及不同人对弹幕所持的观点。
57．细节理解题。根据“it will turn into a comedy”可知，Jack觉得只要开着弹幕，视频就会变成喜剧，因此弹幕应该是有趣的，故选A。
58．细节理解题。根据Mary所说“I usually enjoy the movie and share my ideas with others in this way at the same time.”可知，Mary喜欢开着弹幕跟别人交流，故选C。
59．细节理解题。根据Tom所说“When there were no bullet comments before, I had more thoughts on the movie.”可知，如果没有弹幕，他会有更多的思考，故选A。
60．细节理解题。根据Judy所说“do you want to beat him at once ”可知，Judy对于弹幕是持反对的观点的，而根据Tom所说“That makes me quite bored.”可知，Tom也不喜欢弹幕，Judy跟Tom的观点是相似的，故选C。
61．主旨大意题。根据第一段“different people have different opinions about it.”可知，文章讲的就是不同的有对于弹幕有着不同的观点，故选A。
62．D 63．C 64．A 65．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了有些人为什么会晕车，并就此给出了一些防止晕车的方法和建议。
62．细节理解题。根据第一段“Traveling makes us feel sick because modern transport tricks the brain into thinking we have been poisoned (中毒), a scientist has said.”和第三段“But in fact, the ‘poisoning’ effect is caused by the mixed messages”可知，根据作者的说法，一个人在乘坐现代交通工具旅行时会感到恶心，是因为混杂的信息被发送到他的大脑。故选D。
63．词义猜测题。根据第三段“for the muscles, they tell the brain the body is motionless, but for the
ears, they got the feeling that the body has some movement.”可知，对于肌肉来说，它们告诉大脑身体是静止的，但对于耳朵来说，它们感觉身体有一些运动。由此猜测，motionless意为not moving“不动，静止”。故选C。
64．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The feeling of sickness could be weakened by looking out of a car window”和“You can see the passage and movement itself”可知，向窗外望和看看运动本身可以帮助人们克服晕车。故选A。
65．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了有些人为什么会晕车，并就此给出了一些防止晕车的方法和建议。因此，选项B“我们为什么会晕车？”是最佳标题。故选B。
66．C 67．B 68．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了风力发电人造树，即“风树”的发明，并介绍了该发明的利与弊。
66．细节理解题。根据“Then he found the leaves on the trees moving. Suddenly an idea came to his mind: ‘That’s energy. Why not make use of it ’”可知，是摇动的树叶给了他灵感，故选C。
67．词义猜测题。根据“This could cut the family’s yearly carbon emissions (碳排放) by over 12 tons. Even better, the trees make little noise while they are working.... and it’s good for the environment.”可知，这可以减少碳排放，且没有噪音，对环境有益，所以此处是说对人类和动物是没有危害的，所以划线单词表示“危害的”，故选B。
68．段落大意题。根据“However, the Wind Tree is not perfect.”可知，本段主要介绍“风树”的不足之处，故选D。
69．A 70．B 71．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了一个德国鸟类研究小组研究了蜘蛛捕虫时，发现虫子能撞到网上但是鸟儿却不能，从而将这一技能运用到建筑物的玻璃上，很好的保护了鸟类。
69．细节理解题。根据“Birds fly towards the glass as it reflects (反射) the sky and nearby trees during the day.”可知，鸟儿飞向玻璃，因为玻璃在白天反射天空和附近的树木，故选A。
70．细节理解题。根据“Scientists think that if glass windows are covered with UV coatings, birds think they are ‘huge spider webs hanging in the sky’, and they will cleverly avoid them.”可知，科学家们认为，如果玻璃窗上覆盖着紫外线涂层，鸟类会认为它们是“悬挂在天空中的巨大蜘蛛网”，它们会聪明地避开它们。故选B。
71．推理判断题。根据“The research shows that 66% of birds consider the special glass as a wall
and don’t hit it.”可知，研究表明，66%的鸟把这种特殊的玻璃当作墙，不会撞到它，所以图中好的结果应占到66%，B项符合，故选B。
72．D 73．A 74．C 75．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了伞的发展历史。
72．细节理解题。根据“They were used to protect people against the sun and rain, and they were also used in some special situations”可知它们被用来保护人们免受阳光和雨水的照射。故选D。
73．细节理解题。根据“The wife of famous carpenter Lu Ban made the first umbrella to protect him from bad weather...”可知第三段通过讲故事发展第三段。故选A。
74．词义猜测题。根据“But today, the art of oil-paper umbrella making is making a comeback because of some people”可知油纸伞的制作艺术因为一些人的原因而再次变得受欢迎，故划线部分意为“再次变得受欢迎”。故选C。
75．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了伞的发展历史。故选A。
76．A 77．C 78．C 79．D 80．B
【导语】本文主要讨论“眼见不一定为实”的原理。我们是靠大脑看到颜色的，我们之前的经验会影响对事物的颜色的判断。
76．细节理解题。根据“Light is real, but color is not.”可知，光是真实的，故选A。
77．推理判断题。根据第二段“We’re told to trust our eyes, but our eyes have little to do with vision (视觉). We see much more with our brains...If the person moves to a dark blue background, the same white shirt might appear closer to a brighter color.”可知，作者举例说同一颜色为什么大脑会认为颜色是不同，所以是为了支持观点。故选C。
78．段落大意题。根据“Color is created according to our past experiences, and sometimes there are optical illusions (视错觉)...”可知，本段主要介绍颜色是根据我们过去的经验创造出来的，有时也有视错觉，因为大脑包含了你所看到的最近的历史。如果你看的时间长了，你的大脑可能会忘记最近的历史，看到真正的颜色。所以颜色一直在变化，故选C。
79．词句猜测题。根据“That is because your brain includes the recent history of what you saw, at least for a brief time. But if you watch the thing for a longer time...”可知，你的大脑包含了你所看到的最近的历史，至少在……一段时间内是这样，但如果你看的时间长了……，所以brief
的意思与short相近。故选D。
80．最佳标题题。根据“It’s clear that seeing is not always believing.”及整个文章的理解可知，作者告诉我们“眼见不一定为实”的原理，选项B“眼见为实吗？”符合主题，故选B。
81．C 82．B 83．D 84．A
【导语】本文介绍了一项关于记忆的研究，研究表明我们在很小的时候就有记忆，但早期的记忆会随着我们的成长发生变化。
81．细节理解题。根据“They believe we do start making memories at a very young age.”可知，研究表明我们在很小的时候就有记忆。故选C