读后续写素材与练专题（3）
阅读与积累（二）
续写素材 admiration
One day, when I was a freshman in high school, I saw a kid from my class walking home from school. His name was Kyle. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I thought to myself, "Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday He must really be a nerd(书呆子[n d] )." I had quite a weekend planned, so I shrugged my shoulders and went on.
As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running towards him. They ran at him, knocking all his books out of his arms and tripping him. His glasses went flying, and I saw them land in the grass about ten feet from him. He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. So, I jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses, I saw a tear in his eyes.
As I handed him his glasses, I said, "Those guys are jerks(混蛋[d k] ). They really should go to hell." He looked at me and said, "Hey, thanks!" There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles that showed real gratitude. I helped him pick up his books, and asked him where he lived. It turned out that he lived near me, so I asked him why I had never seen him before. He said he had gone to a private school before coming to this school. I would have never hung out with a private school kid before. We talked all the way home. I asked him if he wanted to play football on Saturday with me and my friends. He said yes.
Over the next four years, Kyle and I became best friends. When we were seniors(毕业生), he had the highest marks in the class and was chosen to give a speech at the graduation ceremony. I teased him all the time about being a nerd. Kyle was valedictorian [ v l d k t ri n] of our class, so he had to prepare the speech for graduation, and I was so glad it wasn't me having to get up there and speak.
On graduation day, I saw Kyle. I said, "Hey, big guy, you'll be great!" He looked at me with one of those looks, the really grateful one, and said, "Thanks," smiling.
As he started his speech, he cleared his throat, and began. "Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you make it through those tough years. Your parents, your teachers, your siblings, maybe a coach…, but mostly your friends. I am here to tell you that being a friend to someone is the best gift you can give him or here. I'm going to tell you a story."
Possible Version 1
Paragraph1: I just looked at my friend with disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met. Kyle had planned to kill himself over the weekend. He talked of how he had cleaned out( 彻底清理)his locker(寄存柜) so his Mom wouldn't have to do it later and was carrying his stuff home. Meanwhile, I found he looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. "Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from doing the unspeakable(难以说出口的)." I heard the gasp go through the crowd as this boy told us all about his weakest moment. When his eyes caught mine, I was able to see tears shimmered(闪烁[ m (r)]) in his smiling eyes.
Paragraph2: I smiled back in tears. Kyle finished his speech and walked towards me. With no more words, he gave me a firm hug, a hug that also seemed to express his gratitude to me. Not until that moment did I realize what a big difference one small gesture had made to my friend Kyle. I even saw his Mom and Dad looking at me and smiling that same grateful smile. Not until that moment did I realize its depth. It dawned on me that never should we underestimate the power of our random act of kindness. With one small gesture, we can change a person's life. For better or for worse. No act of kindness, however small, will ever go wasted.
对接文本阅读理解刻意练习
1. What does the underlined word "valedictorian" in the second paragraph mean
A. A graduate who delivers a farewell speech in a class.
B. A graduate who is the youngest in a class.
C. A student who is the most popular in a class.
D. A student who can not graduate on time in a class.
2. It can be concluded from the text that the author___.
A. was good at playing football in high school
B. had not liked to make friends with the students from private schools before
C. seldom helped others
D. did not study hard in high schoo
3. Not until the graduation day did the author know___.
A. the real reason why Kyle carried all his books home the first day they met
B. Kyle was his best friend
C. Kyle enjoyed making speeches in front of the class
D. Kyle's many weaknesses
4. What does the author mainly want to express by telling this story
A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B. Helping others is a Virtue.
C. Your action is powerful: with one small gesture you can change a person's life.
D. We should have a pity on the weak.
1--4 ABAC
追踪题源·素材分享
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。(2020年11月湖丽衢模拟卷读后续写)
The first week of my summer vacation was exciting, and my sense of freedom was so intense that it felt like I had to pack everything into that single week. The next week was a little calmer, But by the third week my two best friends had left for summer camp and my activities wound down into boredom. Getting up later each morning, I was spending more and more time with my cellphone and in front of the TV. That is when Mom reacted, declaring my phone and the TV off limits between 6:00 in the morning and 6:00 at night, It was shocking just to hear her say it.
In that first hour I felt I'd lost my senses of sight and hearing. The silence was numbing. I circled the house, going from room to room looking for something to do, asking myself what I can do What can I do What can I do When I encountered Mom in the kitchen, I asked her, too,“What can I do "
"That's up to you," she said without looking in my direction. Through the day I posed my question to her several more times, getting much the same result. Then late in the afternoon, while she was working at her computer. I dared to ask again. Instantly she swung around to look at me, and I could see that my question had a definite effect on her expression. She looked as though she had been shocked. Her jaws clenched, like she was holding her words between her teeth as they struggled to get out. She looked me straight in the eye, then smiled and said, “Well，are you up for a challenge ”
"Sure what "
"Your challenge is to follow the same ant for ten minutes,”
"What is so tough about that "
She smiled again. "You might be surprised."
Sometime later Mom stood beside me，timer(计时器) in hand。“I'll set the timer for ten minutes when you find your winning ant."
Para 1: Some of the ants I saw seemed to be eating something.
Para 2: I heard Mom's timer ring and then “You win, sweetie,' she said
原文出处：
The first week of my summer vacation was exciting, my sense of freedom so intense(强烈的[ n tens]) it felt like I had to cram(把…塞进[kr m]) everything into that single week. The next week was a little calmer. But by the third week my two best friends had left for summer camp and my activities wound down(逐步减少wind down) into boredom. Getting up later each morning, I was spending more and more time with my iPhone and in front of the TV. That's when Mom reacted, declaring my iPhone and the TV off limits(禁止使用的) between 6:00 in the morning and 6:00 at night. It was shocking just to hear her say it.
In that first hour I felt I'd lost my senses of sight and hearing. The silence was numbing(令人麻木的 [ n m ]). I circled the house, going from room to room looking for something to do, asking myself, What I can do What can I do What can I do When I encountered(遇见[ n ka nt (r)]) Mom in the kitchen, I asked her, too, "What can I do "
"That's up to you," She said without looking in my direction. Through the day Iposed(提问[p z]) my question to her several more times, getting much the same result. Then late in the afternoon, while she was working at her computer, I dared to ask again. Instantly she swung around(转过身来 [sw ] swing的过去式) to look at me, and I could see that my question had a definite effect on her expression. She looked as though she's been struck by it(被难住) for the first time. Her jaws clenched(生气、不安时咬紧牙齿关，咬牙切齿), like she was holding her words between her teeth as they struggled to get out. She looked me straight in the eyes, then smiled and said, "Well, are you up for a challenge(be up for ...为...做好准备)
"Sure! What "
"Your challenge is to follow the same ant for ten minutes."
"What's so tough(艰难的[t f]) about that "
She smiled again. "You might be surprised."
"OK. If I do, is there a prize "
"We can arrange that."
"Like what "
And just at though she had it all planned out ahead of time she said, "Well, we can each list five things we'd like to win on slips(sheets张) of paper, and then draw one. Your choices have to be valued at twenty-five dollars or less, though.
"Why are you making a list "
"If you don't win, then I get to draw a prize instead."
For over an hour I struggled with my list. It was hard to stay below the twenty-five dollar limit(低于限量) when visions of a new bike or the latest video game kept bouncing around(四下弹跳[ba ns]) in my mind. In the end my selections were: lights for my bike wheels, a new basketball, a solar robot, and a stomp([st mp]脚踏) rocket. Then I listed the twenty-five dollars in cash as my last choice, hoping to draw it and be able to spend it at will.
While Mom read my items, I read hers, and they were a bit startling: washing clothes twice, weed the north flower bed, vacuum(清扫 [ v kju m]) for a week, clean the basement, and clear out the garage. Can I win at this I wondered, my mind hopping(跳跃[h p]) from doubt to my five choices. But ignoring the whispers in the back of my mind, I clearly answered, "OK, I'm ready."
"Let's meet back here in an hour for the contest."
"OK!"
To this point I had focused only on my prize. Now I became concerned about how I was going to treated by the ant. I squatted down(蹲下[skw t]) in our backyard and looked for one in the grass. They were everywhere, going in all directions. I noticed that some stopped to greet each other in passing, which I realized could cause me to lose my ant in a swap. I ran inside and grabbed my magnifying glass(放大镜[ m ɡn fa ]).
Sometime later Mom stood beside me, timer in hand. I'll set the timer for ten minutes when you find your winning ant."
"Can we start at the end of the driveway "
"Wherever you want," she replied.
Some of the ants I saw seemed to be eating something. "They'd chew awhile and then turn to another ant as if to say, "These veggies are really good." And some even passed things back and forth to each other.
What I really needed was a long-distance ant--a runner. And no sooner had I thought it than my eyes locked on a big ant that was carrying a long stalk(柄，梗[st k]) of grass. "There he goes, Mom."
"The clock's ticking, Jason," she replied.
For the first minute the ant ran along on the concrete(水泥地[ k kri t]) toward the porch(门廊 [p t ] ). Perfect, I thought. Then he came to a wide crack and turned off the driveway, disappearing into the grass. My heart sank as I saw myself cleaning the basement.
Even with my magnifying glass I strained(尽力[stre n] ) to follow him while he struggled up and around blades(叶片[ble d]) of grass, all the while carrying his stalk. Then, somehow knowing he was beyond the crack, he turned and climbed back onto the concrete.
"How many minutes left " I asked.
"Three minutes," Mom whispered in my ear. She was watching the ant, too.
At the next crack, he chose not to go around as before. Dropping his stalk, he pawed(挠，抓[p ]) the air, reaching toward the other side. My heart beat a thump, as it looked like he was going to give up and disappear into the grass again. But to my surprise, he grabbed the stalk and placed it across the crack, then walked across it to the other side, like a bridge. Wow! That's like me using my backpack as a bridge to cross a creek([kri k]小溪). "How many minutes are left "
"One to go," Mom said.
We were getting close to the porch, and looking around, I noticed a lot of ant activity at the bottom of the step. "This is it, Mom. How much more time do I have "
"Fifteen seconds."
When my ant reached the bottom step, I was sure he'd have to turn and go around. I saw no way he could go under, but if he did, he'd be out of sight--and I'd lose my prize.
Then I heard Mom's timer ring. "You win, sweetie," she said. But curiosity kept my eyes on the ant. Setting the stalk down, he ran along the base of the porchas though looking for something. And soon he found it. There was a small hole under the concrete step. He peeked(查看) inside. Then he ran back to get his stalk and carried it to the hole he'd found. We watched him set it down, go inside, then reach out and drag the stalk in and out of sight.
"Guess I picked a pretty smart ant, huh " I prompted(提示道[pr mpt]).
"Well, maybe."
But in my heart I knew it had all been a matter of luck. I just happened to select an ant that was going to the porch, and one that knew walking on the concrete was the easiest way to go.
"It's time to draw," Mom said. And when I selected and unfolded my paper, it read twenty-five dollars in cash!
Of course, It was great to win my prize. But mostly I was impressed by my up-close(近距离的) and personal experience with an ant that actually created its own bridge.
Although my iPhone was off-limits during the day, I learned it was easy to find other things to do. I built a bluebird house and mounted([ma nt] ) it on our fence post(栅栏柱). And within two weeks a pair of bluebirds were flying in and out, building their nest. I planted sunflowers along the fence to harvest in the fall for birdseed. And I checked books out of the library to read while in the hammock(吊床[ h m k]). That's when I came to know the names of the birds that spent the summer in our backyard.
It was a great summer, after all. But weeks later, after closing another challenge to Mom and cleaning the garage, I became more cautious in accepting her challenges.读后续写素材与练专题（6）
句型点拨与例文讲评建议
句子结构
1. "....," he said, doing ... --say后接分词作状语
1) "I didn't know what I was doing," she said, laughing at the memory.
2) "I'll get us some coffee," she said, heading for the kitchen.
3) "That's nice," Alex said quietly, focusing on his plate.
4) "Very clever," said the teacher, nodding his head as if pleased.
5) "Uncle, forgive me, I did that... unintentionally," he said, pointing to the broken glass.
6) "We don't do any harm," said the boy, evidently frightened by my words.
2. "...," he said, as/when/before/as if... --say后接时间状语从句
1) "Watch out!" she shouted, as the car started to move.
2) "What a beauty!" said the nurse as she came to the door.
3. "....," he said, and (then he) did....--say后接and, 先后动作或构成并列句
1) "Good morning, children!" said the minister; and he kindly shook hands with both.
2) "Yes, I think so," he said reluctantly(无奈地), and left the study.
3) "Come here," said the little man, and took her to one of the corners of the building.
4. "....," he said, “...”--say后接要说的另一句话
1) "There was a letter from Prince Andrew today," he said to Princess Mary "Haven't you read it "
2) "Well, well!" said the man; "are there really people in this room "
3) "Since you love him so well," said the king, "I will tell you something.
4) "She is a very admirable and excellent young woman," said she, "and you must go and call on her."
5. ...did.., did, and said, “...”--say前有并列关系的先后动作
He paused, looked straight into her eyes, and said in a quiet voice,"that's true."
6. "....," said the man, who... --用定语从句补充说明说话的人
1) "I don't know," said Zeb, who was still confused.
2) "To your health!" said Mr.White, who also emptied his glass, and wiped his mouth with his handkerchief.
7. "....," he said +方式副词(-ly)或短语, --作状语修饰say
1）"Of course," Nacy replied with a smile.
2）"I'm sorry," she said with a sigh.
3）"But they don't understand our talk at all," said the dancer with a puzzled smile.
4）"Natasha, you love me " she said in a soft trustful whisper.
5）"Come to your Papa at once, please!" said she with a strange, excited look.
6）"If only I had known..." she said through her tears.
强调一下，概要写作一般以议论文或说明文为主，提炼中心词，关键句，不忘承上启下的连接词，千万不要加上自己的观点，一般以第三人称概述。读后续写应遵从以下原则，下面以一篇原文为例来说明一下读后续写的6大步骤。
1. 理解阅读文本， 掌握其大意， 关注画线关键词
2. 找出阅读文本中的悬念， 并根据悬念发挥想象，续写故事；
3. 理解所给两个段落首句的隐含意思，注意续写故事的连贯性
4. 明白读后续写的要求和评分原则。
Step 1： Skim the passage and find out the basic information of the passage.
重读原文，找记叙文要素之时间、地点和人物
I was responding to a call from a small brick flat in a quiet part of town. I assumed I was being sent to pick up some party-goers，or someone who had just had a fight with a lover，or a worker heading to an early shift at some factory for the industrial part of town.
When I arrived at 2：30 a.m., the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window. Under such circumstances, many drivers just honk（按喇叭） once or twice，wait a minute，then drive away. But I had seen too many weak people who depended on taxis as their only means of transportation.
Unless a situation smelled of danger，I always went to the door.
This passenger might be someone who needs my assistance，I reasoned to myself. So I walked to the door and knocked. “Just a minute，” answered a frail(虚弱的)，elderly voice. I could hear something being dragged across the floor. After a long pause，the door opened. A small woman in her 80s stood before me. She was wearing a print dress (印花裙子) and a pillbox hat (小圆帽)，like somebody who was going to a party in a 1940s movie. By her side was a small nylon suitcase.
The apartment looked as if no one had lived in it for years. All the furniture was covered with sheets. There were no clocks on the walls, no equipment on the counters. In the corner was a cardboard box filled with photos and glassware(玻璃器皿).
“Would you carry my bag out to the car？” she said. I took the suitcase to the cab，then returned to assist the woman. She took my arm，and we walked slowly toward the cab.
She kept thanking me for my kindness. “It's nothing. I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.” I told her and asked where she was headed. Having given me an address, a hospice (临终医院), she asked. “Could you drive through downtown ”
Para1:
"But it isn’t the shortest way,” I reminded her. “No, it isn't.” she answered, “But it was the last chance for me to …
Para2:
We drove in silence to the address she had given me, and…
WHEN: 2:30 am
WHERER:
a brick flat in a quiet part of town
a hospice--a hospice is a special hospital for people who are dying
WHO: “I” the driver, a small woman
Step 2: read the passage again and find the details.
A brick flat:
“the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window”
“The apartment looked as if no one had lived in it for years. All the furniture was covered with sheets. There were no clocks on the walls, no equipment on the counters. In the corner was a cardboard box filled with photos and glassware(玻璃器皿).”
Downtown:
“‘But it isn’t the shortest way,’ I reminded her. ‘No, it isn’t.’”
“But it was the last chance for me to …”
“I” the driver:
Unless a situation smelled of danger，I always went to the door.
This passenger might be someone who needs my assistance, I reasoned to myself.
I took the suitcase to the cab，then returned to assist the woman. She took my arm，and we walked slowly toward the cab.
She kept thanking me for my kindness. “It's nothing. I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”
The small woman:
“But I had seen too many weak people who depended on taxis as their only means of transportation.”
“‘Just a minute, ’ answered a frail (虚弱的)，elderly voice. I could hear something being dragged across the floor.”
“A small woman in her 80s stood before me. She was wearing a print dress (印花裙子) and a pillbox hat (小圆帽)，like somebody who was going to a party in a 1940s movie. By her side was a small nylon suitcase.”
“She kept thanking me for my kindness.”
“Having given me an address, a hospice (临终医院), she asked. ‘Could you drive through downtown ’”
Step Three: Read the passage for the third time and try to outline the development of the plot:
三读原文，续写情节。
“But it(through downtown) isn’t the shortest way,” I reminded her. “No, it isn’t.” she answered, “But it was the last chance for me to …
We drove in silence to the address she had given me, and…
首先要明确的是，从老人家里蒙着床单的家具(covered by sheets)，司机对她是“身体不好(weak people)”的推测, 80多岁的高龄(in her 80s), 虚弱的声音(frail voice)，和没有被补充完整的“最后的机会”(my last chance)，要去临终医院(the hospice)的人肯定是老人自己(the small woman)，而不是她的儿子或丈夫甚至父母之类。
根据老人哪怕绕远路也要去市中心，以及她的富有年代感的盛装打扮，应当可以推断出老人是想要去故地重游，在生命终结之前，对往昔岁月进行一场隆重的告别。所以第一段的主要内容应围绕着“怀旧”来写，可以描述车窗外市中心的场景，辅以老人的诉说(自言自语)。
根据给出的第二段开头“她之前给我的地址”(“the address she had given me”)所指为临终医院(the hospice)，第二段的主要内容应围绕到达临终医院后老人和司机的互动展开。
为了连接续写的两个段落，第一段结尾最好提一下市中心之旅已经结束，比如“At last, she said she was tired and wanted to go to the hospice.”。根据行驶过程中两人都没有说话(“We drove in silence…”)，最好在第一段结尾交代一下原因，比如老人沉浸在回忆中，又想到生命走到尽头，因为悲痛所以没有说话；或者是老人本来会低声自语，但司机提到了让她伤心的往事，于是陷入沉默；再比如老人身体虚弱，所以无力再说话……
Step four: Infer the theme and finish the end of the writing:
推断主题，完成续写。
可以是体现爱。虽然司机和老人是陌生人，但是司机把老人当做自己母亲来对待（有些考生还提到老人也觉得司机像自己的儿子），让老人在人生的最后一程感觉到温暖。文章可以以老人感谢司机结尾（也有同学写到司机经过此事的启发，决定第二天去看望自己的母亲）。
可以是对死亡的思索。原文中的老人虽然孤苦，但却在告别人生的仪式中穿上了年轻时穿过的裙子(a print dress)和礼帽(a pillbox hat)，所以可以顺应原文塑造一下老人或是优雅从容或是乐观豁达去赴“死亡之约”(the party of death)的形象。文章可以以司机为老人感动结尾。
Step Five: brief the students some unreasonable points.
以孩子为重点。“It turned out that she was diagnosed with cancer and became single after her son’s death.”Para 1: 去看儿子（结婚五年了，没来看过她）Para 2: 回忆儿子的各种好。
点评：不要增加不必要的跟主题无关的故事情节。（比如讲述儿子是怎么死的？---有的交通事故，有的交友不慎，走上犯罪的道路，有的跟妈妈有过节，不来看妈妈等等。）
老人死在路上。“…and when we arrived at the hospice, I found that she had passed away as I opened the door to assist her. ”
点评：（尽量不要安排这样的情节。老妇人是一个很有计划的人---看她的打扮，看她的说话方式，看她打电话叫车，看她家里的家具sheets）
结尾过于出乎意料，偏离主题。“I drove back home, opened the suitcase and found it was filled with money. （crazy about money ）
Step Six: Brief the students some excellent ideas.
第一段重游市中心的过程中，司机故意开得很慢，为了让老人不留遗憾。
第二段老人下车时，要付钱给司机，司机拒绝了。
适当呼应前文。
·She smiled and turned around, saying "goodbye" as if she was going to a party in a 1940s movie.
·We drove in silence to the address she had given me, and with my assistance, she got out of the car. She thanked me again and made an attempt to pay me, which immediately met with my rejection. With a glimpse not on purpose though, I saw a photo in her purse. As she made her way to the hospice with a stagger, the dawn appeared and outlined her small figure. Bathing in the light of the morning sun, she turned around and waved me goodbye with a warm smile, so warm that it reminded me of what I had seen in that photo: A young couple，the husband in a soldier suit, and the wife wearing a print dress and a pillbox hat.
参考范文
Paragraph 1:
Having given me an address, a hospice , she asked. "Could you drive through downtown " Asked why we didn't take the shortest way, the small woman told me it was the last chance for her to visit the city. We drove through the neighborhood where she and her husband had lived. Besides, she asked me to slow in front of a particular building or corner and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing. At last, she said she was tired and wanted to go to the hospice.
Paragraph 2:
we drove in silence to the address she had given me , and it was a low building,where the old lady would live the rest of her life. Two nurses who must have been expecting her came out to the cab as soon as we pulled up. I opened the trunk and took the suitcase to the door and the woman was already seated in a wheelchair. When she asked how much she owed me, without thinking, I said nothing and bent to give her a bug . It was my assistance that helped one of weak people realize her wish.读后续写素材与练专题（2）
阅读与积累（一）
Once in Arabia, there lived a Sheik. He and his wife lived in a village. As she had no child, the Sheik married another woman for a second time. By his second wife, he had a son. He loved his son very much and he grew up happily as a handsome young man.
However, the man's first wife hated the second wife and her son, so she began to plot against(密谋杀害) them. For years, she kept waiting for a chance to murder them with her magical power.
One day the Sheik had to go out on a journey. He said to his son that he would return home before Bakrid and celebrated the festival. Now came the perfect chance long waited by the first wife. When the man was away, she used her magical power and changed the second wife and son as goats.
When Bakrid was approaching, the man returned home, only to find his first wife in the house. He asked her where his son and his second wife were. The first wife lied that his second wife died in some unknown disease and that her son ran away from home and didn't come again. On hearing this, the man became sad but comforted himself that it was God's will.
On the day of Bakrid, the Sheik asked his first wife to bring a goat for sacrifice. His first wife brought the second wife who had been changed into a goat. When it came near the man, it started to brush his hand with its tongue. He took pity on the goat and asked his first wife to bring another. So she brought the son goat. It also come near the Sheik and started to rub his leg with its head. Again, the man took pity on the goat. He said, "The two goats do like men. So I can't kill these two. " Then the first wife got angry and said, "If you refuse to kill all goats like this, we will not be able to sacrifice anything."
Possible Version 1 Paragraph 1: Just then the butcher's wife, another woman with magical power, passed by. Glancing at these two goats, she instantly realized the woman's evil trick. She came up to the Sheik, explaining, "Actually, these two goats are your second wife and your son." Hearing the words, the man was startled and asked her if she could bring them back to him. The butcher's wife nodded, taking some water from her bottle and spraying it on the two goats. The next moment, they turned into his second wife and his son.
Paragraph 2: So astonished was the man that he couldn't believe his eyes. "Dad! Dad!" the boy cried in a thrilled voice, throwing himself at his father's hug. Three of them embraced each other tightly, tears streaming down. In the corner stood the first wife in a mixture of fright and annoyance. When she was about to run away, she was caught by the butcher's wife. Never had she predicted one day she would be changed into a silent fish. From then on, the man, his second wife and his lovable son lived a happy life in the village.
Possible Version 2
Paragraph 1: Just then the butcher's wife, another woman with magical power, passed by. The sight of the goats pacing around Sheik with care and love confused the butcher's wife, wondering why two goats acted like humans. With doubt in mind, she approached the two goats, hands gently on their heads to know what had happened. It dawned on her that the two goats were actually changed from humans through magical power. Having learnt the truth, the woman changed the two back to humans, making everyone present shocked, including Sheik.
Paragraph 2: So astonished was the man that he couldn't believe his eyes. Never in his wildest dream had he thought they would reunite in this way. Tears of relief welling up in eyes, he hugged them tightly, asking what they had experienced. Eyes glued to the three, the first wife, with her hands clenched into tight fists, dashed to them in a flash, scolding and cursing. Sheik glared at her, realizing the truth and revealed her evil deeds on the spot. Furious but frightened by the roaring people around, the first wife fled away, leaving the family in the joyful celebration.
例句学习
1. the next moment 紧接着(尤指突然发生很大变化)
The next moment there was an almighty crash
接着发生了剧烈的撞击。
I gave her a cigarette and the next moment she was gone.
我给了她一支烟，一眨眼她就走了。
2. clench (通常表示愤怒、决心或不安时) 捏紧，攥紧(拳头等), 咬紧(牙齿等)
when you clench your hands, teeth, etc., or when they clench, you press or squeeze them together tightly, usually showing that you are angry, determined or upset
He clenched his fists in anger.
他愤怒地攥紧了拳头。
She pulled at his sleeve and he turned on her, fists clenching again before he saw who it was.
她拉了拉他的袖子，他双拳再次握紧，转过身来，这才发现是她。
Slowly, he released his breath through clenched teeth.
他从紧咬的牙缝间慢慢地舒了口气。
3. in a flash 转瞬;一瞬间
The answer had come to him in a flash.
他一下子就有了答案。
Six months have passed in a flash since we parted in the city of Hangzhou.
杭城一别，倏已半年。
素材与文本阅读理解对接性刻意练习
Task 1. 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Task 2. 整理好句，积累续写素材。
Shana, Robyn, and I stood on the high platform near the tops of the rainforest trees. We were wearing heavy helmets on our heads and had thick leather straps around our waists, which made seats that hung from a thick wire overhead. The wire was hung between the platform we stood on and another platform far in the distance.
This was the zip line(滑索), an adventure I had vowed I would not do on our family trip to Costa Rica. I was afraid of heights, afraid of falling, and afraid of zipping through the air above the rainforest at 30 miles per hour. Yet here I was, fastened in and ready to go.
"Who goes first " our guide asked. My sisters exchanged a glance- neither of them stepped forward. I'd been teased for being a "scary cat" ever since I was four when I tripped (绊倒) and fell on an escalator (自动扶梯). Even my parents, while relieved by my cautious ways, were worried that I'd miss out on(错过) enjoyable activities. No longer willing to let life pass me by, I stepped to the edge of the platform, sat back in the leather seat, and pushed off(离开).Absolute terror filled me as I screamed and zoomed through the trees with my eyes squeezed shut. Before I could totally process what was happening, Ilanded safely on the second platform.
As my sisters flew in behind me, the guide attached me to the next wire, and I was off again. This time, fear was replaced with excitement, and I was able to look around me as I zipped. There- a toucan (犀鸟)! And was that a sloth (树懒) right at eye level By the time we had finished all the zip line journeys, I was shouting not with terror but with joy. And to think how close I'd come to missing it all!
21. Why had the writer vowed not to go on the zip lines
A.She thought she would not be able to see anything.
B. She had a fear of heights.
C. She was afraid of the rainforest animals.
D. She hated wearing the helmet and straps.
22. What made the writer decide to go on the zip lines
A. The encouragement of his own.
B. The tease of his sisters.
C. The support of his parents.
D. The order of his guide.
23. How did the writer find the zip line jouney in the end
A. Tiresome and unhappy.
B. Nothing but frightening.
C. Risky but rewarding.
D. Joyful but fruitless.读后续写素材与练专题（5）
续写微技能之好句积累
情感类
1) At the sight of the fierce wolf, I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch.
一看到这只儿狼，我吓呆了，不敢动弹一步。
2) She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, resting her aching feet.
她感到累极了，坐在溪边，让疼痛的腿放松一下。
3) Upon hearing the bad news, her heart ached, tears streaming down her cheeks.
一听到这个坏消息，她心痛，眼泪直流)
4) Upon hearing the bad news, she felt extremely sad
一听到这个坏消息，她感到十分伤心。
5) When the host announced that she won the prize, her heart was thumping with excitement.
当主持人宣布她获奖时，她激动得心砰砰跳。
6) When Mary heard the bad news, her eyes widened further and his mouth opened.
当Mary听到这个坏消息进，她睁大了眼睛，张大了嘴巴。
7) Filled with fury, Sheldon was unable to utter a single word.
Sheldon 充满愤怒；说不出话)
8) The whole company is gossiping about the reason for his dismissal.
整个公司都在谈论他被免职的原因。
9) After he knew what the problem was, his mind began to race, trying to think of a good solution.
当他知道问题是什么时，他大脑飞速运转，尽力想出一个好办法。
10) When he was taking a shower, a brilliant idea suddenly crossed his mind
当他在沐浴时，一个好主意突然闪过他的脑海)
11) His heart sank when he heard the news that he failed to win a prize.
当他听到他没有获奖时，心头一沉。
12) Without another thought, he started to run.
13) A thought crossed his mind.
14) The thought never crossed my mind that i could be wrong.
15) A thought occourred to me/ come to/ struck me that she might be lying.
16) The very thought of going on stage made me feel ill.
17) Derek was staring out of the window, lost in thought.
18) Lucy gave up all thought of finishing the essay that day.
你的摘记格式可以是这样：
1) stare at sb in disbelief.
不相信地看着...
She stared at me in disbelief.
2) give up all thought of doing sth
放弃了/打消了做...的念头
Lucy gave up all thought of finishing the essay that day.
3) ...was staring out of the window, lost in thought.
凝视窗外，陷入沉思
Derek was staring out of the window, lost in thought.
记叙类
01. Thoughts ran through my mind, such as: Would the kids make fun of him Would he hit the ball
02. These beautiful children reminded me every day that life truly is about joy, laughter, and love.
03. In fact, the only thing we should take seriously is the love and joy we choose and share. It's what makes life worthing living and it's the greatest gift to us all. Cherish that gift then. Share it with the world.
04. It never occurred to me that I could make money by taking photos of them.
05. Every day of my daughter's high school life has been a stuggle. She wakes up in the morning and the thought of going to school--sometimes even the thought of going outside--is like a huge mountain to climb.
06. Her mind is filled with anxious thoughts, blocking the admission of any useful information the teacher might be trying to give her.
07. However, she has picked herself up after so many failures one after another.
08. Then the little boy turned to me and asked, "Uncle, are you sure I don't have enough money "
09. The little boy looked up at me and said, "I asked my mommy to wait for me. I need her to wait until I come back from the mall."
10. She burst into tears, not for the gift itself, but for the feeling behind it.
11. My fear must have shown clearly on my face because the director said, "Don't worry. You are going to help in the nursery." With that, we walked down a hallway with balloons, beautiful flowers and into the most peaceful room I've ever seen.
12. However, things changed. My husband had an accident. He was left unable to work, and we were left with lots of problems. Fortunately, not long after that I was awarded a scholarship.
13. Eventually, I realized that It was too late, so I decided to return to the camp.
14. However, I was still a long way from the camp and the only thing I could do was keep on walking.
15. Needly to say, the rest of the weekend was spent in and aound the camp, drinking beer and eating fish.
16. Everything went well according to the plan made by us.
17. Before I knew it I was boarding a plane for Australia. I wasn't quite sure what to expect of the experience ahead of me but I was prepared to accept the challenge.
18. Embarrassed, I looked down, but managed to nod my head. "Well, come on then," he said impatiently. Behind me I could hear some of my classmates laughing.
19. Whatever you choose to do, try something new! You might surprise yourself and find a hidden gift within you; you might make new friends along the way.
20. Soon, there was a knock at the door. I started to shake. I couldn't believe the fact that I was about to meet the best skateboarder of all time. Tony walked in and sat down across from me. I was very nervous but somehow was able to introduce myself.
21. I will never forget this experience and could not wait to get home and share it with my family and my friends.
22. The best way to become a good writer is to read what other people have written.
23. Recently I have been reminded of the very unexpected generosity and kindness I once experienced on a trip.
24. As I walked along a tree-lined country road, I wondered where I would spend the night. It was summer and the weather was warm so I thought I could sleep under a tree. An elderly gentleman greeted me and asked me where I was heading, interrupting my thoughts. I replied that I was hoping to get to the next town,"Opotiki."
25. When coming out of the abbey, Pingyu happened to hear the famous sound of Big Ben.
smile与laughter
01. Relief brought a smile to her lips.
她放下心来，唇角露出笑意。
02. A smile of joy and satisfaction lit up her eager face.
快乐与满足的笑容在显现在她渴求的脸上。
03. The smile faded from his face.
笑容从他的脸上消失。
04. She greeted them with a big smile, hugging each of them as if they were old friends she hadn't seen in a decade.
她微笑着向他们打呼，拥抱每一个人，好象是他们是她多年未见的好朋友。
05. On his way to the aunt he bowed to the little princess with a pleased smile, as to an intimate acquaintance.
在去阿姨家的路上，他高兴地，像是一位老熟人似的，向这个小公主鞠躬。
06. The smile returned to his lips.
他的嘴角露出了笑容。
07. The prince asked her about her father, and she began to smile and talk.
这位小女孩向她问起她爸爸的事，她开始又说又笑。
08. "Nothing," she said with a smile and then hugged Lisa.
“什么也没有，”她笑着说，然后拥抱了Lisa.
09. Nicholas turned with a tender smile on his face.
Nicholas转过身来，脸上带着温和的笑容。
10. The smile of pleasure never left his face.
他的脸上总是带着开心的笑容。
11. "I can do it." she said, trying to smile though tears were in her eyes.
“我会的。" 她说道，尽可能地笑着，尽管眼里还含着泪。
12. His eyes lit up.
他的眼里露出高兴的光芒。
=His eyes twinkled.
=The corners of his eyes wrinkled.
13. Her smile for him was the same as for everybody, but sometimes that smile made Pierre uncomfortable.
她对他的笑同别人一样，但有时她的笑使Pierre不舒服。
14. He tried to smile but could not: his smile expressed suffering, and he silently kissed her hand and went out.
他想笑起来但是做不到，因为他的笑表达的只是他的苦痛。他默默地吻她的手后离开。
15. Apparently he found what he was looking for, because a smile touched the corners of his mouth and his eyes warmed.
显然他找到了他的东西，因为他的嘴角露出了笑容，眼光变得温和。
16. His bright smile with the two missing front teeth faded as he realized they were leaving without her.
当他知道他们不带她离开时，他少了两颗门牙的灿烂笑容消失了。
17. She would turn her head, smile, and act as though she had heard what was said.
她会转过头来，笑着，举止好似她曾听说过。
18. Her laughter turned quickly to despair.
她的笑声很快变得绝望。
19. The officers' laughter confused him still more.
警官们的笑使他更糊涂了。
20. Pierre went to the children, and the shouting and laughter grew still louder.
Pierre向孩子走过去，喊叫声，笑声更响了。
21. From behind this came women's laughter and whispers.
接着传来了女人们的笑声与低语声。
22. And everything annoyed her--Denisov's shouting and laughter, Natasha's talk, and especially a quick glance Sonya gave her.
一切都使她愤怒--Denisov的喊叫声与笑声，Natasha的说话声，尤其是Sonya给她的匆匆一瞥。读后续写素材与练专题（4）
样题分析与高阶“说”积累
01读后续写样题
A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like you’ve got a problem,” Arthur said.
“I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”
“Is there something I can do to help ” Arthur asked. The young man looked at the twosuitcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”
“No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”
The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.
It was from the bank. There had been a robbery (抢劫)!
Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened ” But everyone had a different answer.
Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.
She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that ” He thought. “The suitcase! She thinks I’m the bank thief!”
Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop,stop!”
Paragraph 2:
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur...
02样题参考范文
Paragraph 1:
As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting (动作) behind, “Stop, stop!”And at that moment (时间), Arthur suddenly (时间) realized (心理) that maybe (心理) the young man was the bank robber. Arthur was a bit frighteded (情感), and he continued to rush (动作) until he saw a taxi. He stopped it, jumped in with the suitcase and told (动作) the driver, "Go to the police station, please. The man shouting (动作) behind isthe bank thief !"The taxi raced away like the wind.
Paragraph 2:
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur told (动作) the police what had happened. On hearing (时间) his story, the police was determinded to(心理) find out the truth about the robbery. They opened the suitcase and to their surprise (情感), they spotted (动作) a large sum of money inside it. Then (时间) the police asked Arthur to describe the young man and the other suitcase. Later (时间), with the information, the police arrested (动作) the robber. The police and the bank both thanked Arthur a lot.
03解题思路
读懂前文，把握特色
评分会从以下4个方面进行综合考量：（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；（2）内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况；（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；（4）上下文的连贯性。在4项评分内容中，内容和形式（词语、句式等）的上下连贯衔接占两项，给定内容的使用占一项，语言的综合能力占一项。因此，读后续写的后文部分与给定前文应该是和谐完整、浑然一体的一篇文章，从内容到形式要力争尽可能地保持一致，而且还要使用所给定的画线词语，这就要求考生仔细阅读给定的前文，在充分理解文章内容的基础上，还要认真体会前文的文体、主旨句、词语和句式特点。只有在充分理解和把握前文的内容和特色之后，才能续写出和前文高度一致的文章。
样题中，给定的文章部分讲述了Arthur在帮助一个年轻人时听到有人抢劫了银行，于是Arthur怀疑这个年轻人就是抢劫银行的嫌疑犯。文章第一句话“A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day.”就是具有主题句性质的句子，说明下文所读到的文章是Arthur在上班路上发生的一件“有趣的”事。funny一词奠定了全文的感情基调，我们后面续写的故事结尾就要围绕“趣味性”续写，从而使文章具有幽默特色。
读懂了文章的主要内容后，我们可以发现，故事的发展因年轻人的身份不明而产生两个不同的续写思路：一是这个年轻人就是抢劫银行的罪犯，Arthur帮助警察抓住了这个坏人；另一个思路是Arthur误会了这个年轻人，他其实并不是抢劫银行的罪犯。基于以上思路，我们可以续写两个不同的结尾。但是，这两个结尾还是存在优劣之分的。
读后续写试题最后还有续写要求，尤其是续写两段给出了段首指导语，这也是文章续写的重要提示，也是考生应该仔细阅读体会的地方。第一段中年轻人呼喊Arthur停下来，第二段中Arthur坐出租车到了警察局，这两句话基本设定了故事发展的主线；文章主题句中的funny也表明了文章的基调：这个故事是一个幽默故事，如果以这个年轻人是抢劫犯最后被抓续写下去，故事的幽默性就远逊于第二个思路的续写了。
至此，我们要续写的文章部分从内容到文章基调就已经完全确定下来了
2
挑词选句，连篇成文
读后续写试题要求续写部分使用至少5个所给的画线词语，续写的段落数量也设定为两段，而且每段的开头语已经写好，这就要求在确定文章内容后，注意选择不同的句式，按照适当的顺序，将要求的词汇编排入自己的续写内容中。
所给样题的文中共选定了以下10个词或短语：Park Avenue，the young man， suitcases， in the back seat， loud noise of an alarm， robbery， bank， the shouts， people， the bank thief。这10个词或短语又可以根据类别划分为地点（3个）： Park Avenue，in the back seat， bank； 人物（3个）：the young man， people， the bank thief；事物（4个）： suitcases， loud noise of an alarm， robbery， the shouts。
联系我们前面想定的思路：Arthur帮助警察抓住了那个年轻人，但发现他其实不是抢劫银行的罪犯，是个误会。续写内容共分为2个段落，根据第一段指导语（As he was running， Arthur heard the young man shouting behind， “Stop， stop！”）和第二段指导语（The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur... ）我们可以大胆想象出：尽管那个年轻人在身后大喊“停下来！”，但Arthur还是成功地带着箱子坐上出租车，来到警察局。正当Arthur和警察以为发现了抢劫银行案件的线索时，年轻人进来了，证明是个误会，箱子里装的不是抢的钱而是那个年轻人的个人物品！在这个内容中，我们就可以保证能用到bank， the young man， the bank thief， suitcases， robbery等词汇。
再来看一篇范文，看看如何根据两段的开头语以及各段关键词，组织上下文：
As he was running， Arthur heard the young man shouting behind， “Stop， stop！”Considering the young man might be the bank thief， Arthur didnt stopped， instead， he ran faster and stopped a taxi. Once he got into the taxi， he told the driver the young man shouting behind was the bank thief and asked him to drive to the nearest police station. The driver followed what Arthur said and drove away quickly. （61 words）
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur thanked the driver and directly went in. Just as Arthur was reporting the robbery case of the bank happened on the Park Avenue and describing the young man to the police， he heard a voice outside， “Help！ Help！” To Arthurs surprise， it was the young man. He had followed Arthur in another taxi. It turned out that the young man was not involved in the case and inside the suitcases were just his personal possessions. Arthur felt embarrassed but quite relieved. （85 words）
3
前后呼应，注重细节
读后续写考查考生的写作和思维能力，试题新颖而且具有较大的难度，但考生如果注意以下技巧，就能在短时间内写出文字通顺、上下衔接的好文章。
1) 注意分析文章的主题句：文章的主题句除了会告诉我们下文的主要人物、时间、地点、事由等常规内容外，还能根据主题句的用词、句式特点使我们明白文章的感彩和行文特点。比如在《考试说明》中的样题中，funny一词就告诉我们：文章是幽默故事，全文感彩应该是轻松愉悦的，不宜写成一篇勇斗抢劫犯的好人好事型的文章。
2) 代词的重要提示作用：在给定两段的段首提示语中，都使用了一些名词和代词，注意这些词语上下的指代和呼应，对于文章上下的和谐一致非常重要。 第二段的首句提示语中直接要求用Arthur开头续写下文，这就严格限制了后面句子的内容应该以Arthur为主语进行写作。类似地，第一段的首句也是以Arthur为主语的，后面续写也应以Arthur为主语，使用代词he就能较好地连接上下文。
在写作中，我们常常会用到直接引语，有些同学只会说：she says,"..."; The man said,"..."。其实，“说”在很多不同情况下都有更加明确的说法，除了say, 还有许多其动词能更加确切地表达文章的意思，情感和情境，不只单纯的陈述谁说了什么。
进阶素材——说
1. How a person speaks
1) say 说
"I'm so tired," she said.
"Don't cry," he said softly.
"Don't believe anything," he says.
"i didn't know what i was doing," she said, laughing at the memory.
"Welcome," she said.
2) shout 高喊;大声喊叫
"Watch out!" she shouted, as the car started to move.
3) cry 喊叫，大声说
"Stop!" she cried
"Goodbye then!" he cried to her.
4) yell 叫喊(因激动，恐惧)
"Help me!" she yelled hysterically.
I yelled out, "Here I am!"
5) call 喊，叫
"I'm coming!" she called.
"Hello, Lao Li," he called.
6) smile 微笑着说
"It's good to have you back," she smiled.
7) laugh 笑着说
"You look ridiculous!" Nick laughed.
8) whisper 悄声说； 低语道
"I've missed you," he whispered in her ear.
9) beg 恳求
"Please don't leave me," he begged
10) scream 惊呼,高声叫道
"Get out!" she screamed.
"Mary, I love you!" he screamed out.
11) promise 承诺道
"I'll be back by 10:00," Mum promised.
12) argue 主张
"We'd better go there by train," he argued.
13) emphasize=stress 强调
"You need more practice," the teacher emphasized.
14) sob 呜咽着说
"It's too late," she sobbed.
15) warn 警告
"Be careful, the rocks are slippery," Alex warned.
16) think 想，想道
"How strange!" he thought
"I don't care!" she thought to herself.
"Nothing could be better," he thought.
2. Why a person speaks
1) tell 告诉
"We are going to have a class meeting tomorrow," she told me.
2) ask 问
"what's your name " she asked.
3) add 补充道
"And I don't care what you think," she added.
4) explain 解释道；辩解道
"My mother was ill, and i had to send her to the hospital," he explained.
5) admit 承认
"Okay, so maybe I was a little bit scared," Jenny admitted.
6) agree 同意
"It's an excellent idea," she agreed.
7) reply=respond 答复, 回答
"Did you see Simon today "
"Of course," Nacy replied with a smile.
8) advise 劝告，建议
"Make sure that you keep it in a safe place," the boss advised him.
9) suggest 建议
"Why don't you come with us " Alan suggested.
10) anwser 回答
"Why don't you just leave "
"I'd like to," she answered, "but i have nowhere else to go."
11) praise 称赞
"Well done!" the teacher praised.
12) complain 抱怨
"You never ask my opinion about anything," Rod complained.
13) demand 质问
"Why didn't you call me ", she demanded.
14) declare 宣称，声称
"It's not fair," Jane declared.
15) remark 评论道
"The house must be very old," he remarked.
02
直接引语的结构
1. "....," sb(主语是代/名词) said (to sb).
2. "....," said sb(主语是名词).
3. Sb said (to sb), "..."
注：这里的said可用其它动词替换。
03
间接引语的结构
1)后接陈述句
主语+ say/ says/ said (to sb) /tell/ tells/ told sb +that 从句
2)后接一般疑问句结构
主语+ask/ asks/asked (sb)/wondered + whether/if 主+谓…
3)后接特殊疑问句结构
主语+ asked(sb)/wondered+ 疑问词+（主）+谓…
4)表示(请求)---asked/ begged /requested sb (not) to do sth
表示(命令)---told /ordered / command/warned sb to do sth
表示(建议)---suggest doing sth/ advise sb (not) to do sth
5) 后接感叹句----sb said +感叹句
练习：根据直接引语内容，填上适当的单词。
1."Please don't leave me," __________ the anxious girl.
2."Help!Help! I'am drowning!" _________ the child.
3."Blast it!(真讨厌) I've got a flat tyre!" he______.
4."What a lovely house you have " she _________ to her friends.
5."But I didnt steal your wallet," the boy __________.
6."I'am the smartest boy in the school," he __________.
7."Don't touch that exposed wire!" he __________.
8."I'll take you out for ice-cream tomorrow," he ________ his children.
9."The committee should consider my plan because it is the best one ," he ______.
10."The match is a draw(平局)," __________ the referee(裁判).
11."I want my mummy. I want my mummy... "_______ the frightened,lost child with tears in her eyes.
12."oh dear! I've forgotten my wallet!" he ___________ . 读后续写素材与练专题（1）
续写微技能与思维点拨
续写主要存在四个方面问题：
对原文的理解不到位，续写文不对题；
与段落开头语的衔接不合理，行文逻辑不清；
情节安排不合理或无话可说；
语言表达上，词汇低级且出现较多的语法错误，表达不准确。此外，目前的续写教学以讲评课、分析课居多，真正系统有效的语言输入很少。与概要写作一样，读后续写作为高考英语大作文，时间紧，任务重，考前一定要有足够的准备与积累。
微技能一 动作描写
一、动作描写的原则
1.要精准
使用精准化动作类词汇对动作进行细致描写,用一系列小动作而不用大动作或者用含义比较明确的动词而不用抽象或虚化的动词来描述,可以使描写更加具体生动。试比较下面两句:
①The little boy said sorry to his mother.
②The little boy hung his head and mumbled an apology to his mother.
分析:①句中“said sorry to”不带任何感彩,而②句中使用了具体化的表示“说”的动词mumbled,从而使一个不愿意道歉又不得不道歉的小男孩的形象栩栩如生地复现在读者脑海中。
2.有过程
记叙文中有不少动作描写是一连串动作过程的展示。尤其在展示人物个性的动作时,如果我们蜻蜓点水、一笔带过,就很难突出人物形象,也很难给人以深刻的印象,而通过细节描写展现出动作的过程,表现力便会大增。如:
①She went to catch the butterfly.
②She crept along the path, bent over swiftly and cupped her hands around the butterfly gently.
分析:①句在描写主人公捕捉蝴蝶的动作时,没有细节的动作描写,因此显得很平淡。而②句运用了creep, bend, cup三个连贯的动词生动具体地描述了主人公小心翼翼捕捉蝴蝶的微妙过程,具有极强的画面感。因此,在续写过程中,在必要的地方恰当使用一连串的动词来表示过程,能为文章增添不少色彩。
3.用修辞
除了在动词上做调整,还可以利用恰当的修辞手法来帮助描写动作。比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法都能让动作描写变得更有表现力。
(1)比喻
①The old man’s face wrinkled.
②The old man’s face was like a withered apple.
(2)拟人
①My stomach was aching for not eating on time.
②My stomach was punishing me for not eating on time.
(3)夸张
①When she heard the bad news, she cried.
②When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
分析:上面每组中的②句分别使用了比喻、拟人、夸张的修辞手法,使得动作的描述更加生动形象,更加吸引眼球。
二、动作描写的素材
1.与“看、听、说”相关的词块
①listen impatiently不耐烦地听
②glare angrily at sb.对某人怒目而视
③glance around/round the room扫视房间
④stare at凝视
⑤take a look at看
⑥overhear a funny conversation无意间听到一段好笑的谈话
⑦remark评论说
⑧add补充说
2.与“跑、跳、行走”等相关的词块
①walk across a street步行穿过马路
②walk arm in arm臂挽着臂走
③pace back and forth来回踱步
④jump to one’s feet一跃而起
⑤walk gracefully步态优美地走
⑥rush out of the room冲出房间
【迁移应用一】
The Great Gifts
Once, a group of schoolchildren were on an outing. Almost all of them were playing ball, except Monty, who was seen as a bit of a fool—only good for poking fun at. He didn’t like fights, or sports. He wouldn’t even defend himself when they started hitting him! He was so strange. But he played football with the others and kicked the ball that day. It ended up over in a little cave. When they went in to get the ball, they found a wooden chest containing an amazing book. The book was giving off a magical shine. The children ran to give the book to the teacher, who was fascinated by it. They all agreed to read it in class in the coming days.
The book was called The Great Gifts, and it recounted wonderful tales about great inventors, artists, wise writers, explorers, and treasure hunters. With each story the children became more wide-eyed, and they were enchanted by all those characters with special gifts.
They finally reached the last page of the book, which spoke about the origin of those great figures.The teacher read:“There’s a place in heaven called the fountain of hearts, where, prior to birth, each heart is assigned its special gifts.They use a little bit of everything to make normal people.But, now and again, something goes wrong, and some hearts end up much emptier than normal.In those cases, the hearts fill up with a last gift which makes the person exceptional.They can lack many other qualities; in many ways they will be different from everyone else, and they may well be seen as strange children.However, when their special gift is discovered, their achievements will become part of books like this one.”
Paragraph 1:
When the teacher closed the book, there was a long silence in the classroom.
Paragraph 2:
Wasn’t he exactly one of the special cases, as the book had described
When the teacher closed the book,there was a long silence in the classroom.While the children were all thinking about their own gifts,Monty came out with one of his strange comments,“If you get a heart transplant,and they give you a pig’s heart,will you take on a pig’s qualities ” Hearing what Monty said,everyone wanted to burst out laughing,but looking at Monty,they began to fall into thinking.
Wasn’t he exactly one of the special cases, as the book had described Maybe it was right that Monty was the definite case of this kind.All of the classmates felt very sorry for every time they had always laughed at him.From that day on,they all worked together to try to help Monty to discover his special gift in art.Several years later,Monty became a famous artist just as the book The Great Gifts showed.
微技能二 心理描写
心理描写的原则
1.落实“细微处”描写
在描写人物心理活动时,一定要突出细节,所有的感情都体现在“细微处”,所以尽量不用笼统的词,如smile,cry等,而用相关的细节性词汇或词组,例如:
①Lily smiled happily.
②Lily wore a shining smile on her face.
分析:①句中“smile”是一个笼统的描述微笑的词汇,而②句中使用了wore a shining smile,用词组的形式更加突出细节,展示了细微和精致的“微笑”。
2.体现“多样性”结构
在进行人物心理描写时,尽量避免平铺直叙,可以多采用如非谓语动词的形式,作为谓语动作的伴随状态,从而使得描写到位,并体现语法结构的多样性。如:
①Her eyes were filled with tears,and she offered her sincere thanks to the man.
②Tears filling her eyes,she offered her sincere thanks to the man.
分析:①句在描写心理活动“哭泣”时,用到了Her eyes were filled with tears。而②句则把这句改成了独立主格结构,运用了Tears filling her eyes,更显得描写的细致,同时也体现了句式的多样化,展示了高超的语言运用能力。
3.展示“丰富化”修辞
除了选择细致的心理描写词汇和多样化的句式表达外,提升语言层次的另外一种方式是多使用修辞方法,例如:
①The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
②I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.
分析:①句中,把“微笑”比喻成“像钻石一样闪闪发光”;而②句中,把“悲伤”比喻成“漂浮在悲伤的海洋里”,展示了用修辞来体现细节描写的丰富。
二、心理描写的素材
1.与“喜悦和满意”相关的词块
a bright/shining smile灿烂的微笑
a mixture of excitement and happiness既兴奋又开心
burst into laughter/burst out laughing突然大笑起来
be wild with joy/delight欣喜若狂
be joyful about/at/over对……很高兴
be in high spirits情绪高涨
be pleased beyond description快乐难以言表
light up喜逐颜开
be content/satisfied with对……满意
be delighted at对……很高兴
with pleasure非常乐意
2.与“悲伤和烦恼”相关的词块
be sad at heart心里悲伤
be down in spirits情绪低落
an ocean of sadness悲伤的海洋
burst into tears/burst out crying大哭起来
sob啜泣
be clouded with grief阴沉的悲伤
be in low spirits情绪低落
fall into despair陷入绝望
feel depressed/discouraged感到沮丧/泄气
have a worried look愁眉苦脸
3.与“生气和怨怒”相关的词块
be very angry at对……很生气
feel angry/annoyed感到恼怒/生气
be seized by anger充满愤怒
be fuming with rage大发雷霆
tremble with anger愤怒得颤抖
a look of burning anger愤怒的一眼
glare at sb.怒视
flare up勃然大怒
be in a rage一怒之下
be mad at对……生气
【迁移应用二】
One day,my brother and I were alone in our apartment.The reason was that my parents had both gone for a ball party and had left me in charge of everything.I was doing my homework while my younger brother was watching TV.All of a sudden,the doorbell rang.Ding-dong!Ding-dong!My younger brother had rushed to the door before I decided to answer the door.We both thought that our parents had come home.As a result,he unlocked the door and opened it.
Outside of the house stood a man who wore a black raincoat and black rubber boots.He looked no different from other people and he said that he was a salesman and asked politely if our mother or father was at home so he could talk with them.
Without any thinking,my brother said,“No.”He asked if we would like to buy some comic books,which he was selling.I quickly explained to him that we were not supposed to buy anything without our parents’ permission.However,it seemed that he was not willing to follow my advice and he had an intention to enter our house.
Then,I realized something terrible would happen.As I was about to close the door,he forced his way into our house.He took out a knife and forced me to tie up my brother’s hands with some rope which he took out from his pocket.I tied up his hands but I tied in a special way so my brother could untie himself as we often did.The man then tied my hands up and locked both of us in the kitchen.
Soon,he went upstairs to search the bedroom for something valuable.I managed to teach my brother to untie the rope on his hands.He then untied me.I rushed to the telephone to call the police,but the line was dead.
Paragraph 1:
The doors were all locked from the outside and what’s worse,I did not have the keys.
Paragraph 2:
Just at the same time our parents came back home.
范文欣赏
The doors were all locked from the outside and what’s worse, I did not have the keys.But luckily, the man forgot to lock the kitchen window.Both my brother and I managed to get out of the house through the window with joy and we ran to the nearby police station, nervously but happily, where we asked them for help.The police bravely arrived at our house as soon as possible.And as a result, the man was caught, which made us very happy.
Just at the same time our parents came back home.The police asked my family to go to the police station.It was at there the police told us that the man was a wanted robber pretending to sell comic books and they had been looking for him for a long time.The police praised my brother and me for our braveness.Back home, I told my parents the whole story about the robbery with a mixture of excitement and happiness.They were thankful that we were not hurt but they scolded me for not stopping my brother from opening the door to strangers.I learned a lesson on safety and responsibility.
微技能三 修辞描写
Examples of Metaphor
Example 1
All religions, arts, and sciences are branches of the same tree. (Albert Einstein)
Clearly, Einstein wasn’t talking about a literal tree. But he’s showing a close relationship between different topics by suggesting that they’re all part of the same living thing. He also basically raises an interesting question – if art, religion, and science are all branches, what should we call the tree’s trunk
很明显，爱因斯坦说的不是字面意义上的树。但他通过暗示不同的主题都是同一生物的一部分，展示了它们之间的密切关系。他还提出了一个有趣的问题——如果艺术、宗教和科学都是分支的话，我们该怎么称呼树的树干呢
Example 2
That football player is really putting the team on his back this evening!
Football commentators use this phrase all the time when an entire team appears to be depending on its running back. The image of a single man running hard with a whole football team on his back is an expression of hard work and dedication.
当整个球队似乎都依赖于它的跑动时，足球评论员总是使用这个短语。一个人背着整个足球队拼命奔跑的形象是努力工作和献身精神的表现。
Example 3
She was a rock star at our last business presentation.
This is probably not referring to a literal rock star falling from space or the other common metaphor: a musician performing at a rock concert. Instead, it simply means the person delivered a great performance at the meeting and stood out like a rock star on the stage.
这可能不是指字面意义上的摇滚明星从天而降，也不是其他常见的比喻:音乐家在摇滚音乐会上表演。相反，它只是意味着这个人在会议上表现出色，像舞台上的摇滚明星一样引人注目
微技能四 外部冲突
1)角色之间的冲突 (人物观点差异，竞争需要等)
如：(201711浙江高考)On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didn't we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there David and I became nervous. 开车找旅馆---徒劳无功---母亲建议搭帐篷在他人后院---David和我倍感紧张，心有不悦(母子的观点不一)
2) 角色与环境之间的冲突
如：(201706浙江高考) Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. ……he saw instantly that it wasn't a dog at all, but a wolf: quickly catching up with him. Mac's heart jumped. ……, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, ……. Then it ……, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back ……
Mac骑车独自行，路遇饿狼，与之搏斗，险象环生。(人--角色与狼--环境大战)
3) 时间依赖的发展 ：决策变得紧急
如： (201706浙江高考)The car abruptly stopped in front of him. "Get into the car." Paul shouted at Mac. Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car without delay as the wolf was just two steps away and was about to tear Mac into pieces. What a narrow escape! 骑车突停面前---急喊上车---Max上车避险---饿狼近在咫尺(此情此景，刻不容缓)
4) 增加障碍：人物角色必须克服 挑战, 以达到他们的目标
如：(201806浙江高考)But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost. We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. 小兔突现---马儿受惊---草原迷路(障碍1)---天色渐黑(障碍2)---又累又饿(障碍3)----心理恐慌(障碍4
充分利用环境描写可以起到烘托故事高潮的作用。当故事角色在碰到困难时候，我们往往要加大笔墨来描写故事环境的黑暗、恐怖和不祥。强化环境描写增强了高潮元素，我们感受到了紧张的倍增。
例1：Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest(黑暗). Even worse, the temperature suddenly dropped dramatically. (寒冷)
例2：It didn’t take long for the forest to be enveloped in darkness(黑暗). Her rasping(急促的) breath steamed(寒冷) in the moonlight and her throat was parched(干渴的) from thirst.
1.后续情节一般为故事的高潮或结局，要尽量符合原文思路，设计并发展情节，想象要合理，情节要连贯，并求得与读者的心理共鸣，让读者回味无穷。
2.续写时心态要端正，所续写内容要积极、健康向上，把事物美好的一面展示出来。
3.利用自己已有的知识和经验，在继承原作者风格和语言基础之上，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句表现力。
4.如果所给短文为议论文，那么议论文中的段落首句多为主题句，观点鲜明。续写时，要围绕段落分论点确定论证方法，如正反对比、例证等
