2024年中考英语（阅读判断）模拟真题 (新疆专用)（含解析）

2024年中考英语（阅读判断）模拟真题 (新疆专用)
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）根据短文内容, 判断下面各小题的正（T）误（F）。
Long long ago, there was a deer (鹿) in the forest. The deer told himself every day, “I am the most handsome deer in the forest. Other animals will admire my beautiful horns (角).” But he did not like his legs or hooves (蹄子). “My legs are thin and my hooves are ugly.”
One day, the deer saw a big dog. He made some noise and the dog couldn’t sleep at all. The dog woke up and ran after him. The deer felt scared and shouted. He did not want to be hurt. So he ran into the forest. His strong legs helped him run fast. His pale brown hooves were hard and they stopped him from getting hurt on the stores. However, his horns got in the way of his running.
The deer felt like he was running for a century. In the end, he got away from the danger of the dog. He had a rest under a tree and said to himself, “That was so terrible! I almost did not run away because of my horns. My legs and hooves saved me.” As a result, the deer leaned to honor his fast legs and be proud of his strong hooves. “I shouldn’t put beauty only on the surface and I should try to accept myself,” he thought.
1．The deer was happy with his legs and hooves.
2．The deer and the dog were friendly to each other.
3．After getting away from the danger, the deer rested under the tree.
4．Because of his beautiful horns, the deer was saved.
5．At the end of the story, the deer realized he should accept himself.
（2024·新疆和田·一模）World Reading Day falls on April 23rd every year. It’s a day about reading books and it mainly calls on (号召) people to read more. Some of you might ask, “Are books really fun ” Believe it or not, books can provide us many things that TV plays cannot.
Since books use words or pictures to tell us a story, books can help us to improve our imagination. While we are reading, we can imagine the characters and background in our mind. We can also imagine how the characters feel and sometimes manage to feel how they feel. Some certain sentences in the story books are also very interesting. Sometimes they are so moving and beautiful that they can bring tears to our eyes.
Books can also help us to think harder and deeper. As we continue to read, we ask questions to ourselves
and try to find answers. Remember: the more you read, the more you will learn.
根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。
6．World Reading Day is on August 23rd every year.
7．TV plays can provide us many things that books cannot.
8．Books can help us to improve our imagination because of words or pictures.
9．It’s impossible for us to imagine the characters and background while reading.
10．Books are able to help us to think harder and deeper.
（2024·新疆·二模）根据下面短文，判断正(T)误(F)。
On May 18th, 2023, the China-Central Asia Summit (中国—中亚峰会) was held in Xi’an. President Xi Jinping made a speech on “the Belt and Road Initiative (倡议)”. It has been 10 years since President Xi announced the initiative.
The great initiative has offered the chances to do business between countries. It helps products from other countries enter Chinese market. At the same time, all kinds of products made in China are sold to other countries, too. It leads to a win-win situation. Besides international trade, China has built plenty of high-speed railways for neighboring countries. The China-Laos Railway (中老铁路) is a typical project of the Belt and Road Initiative. It is more convenient to send products to Laos and visit Laos for the Chinese.
The Belt and Road Initiative is based on the ancient Silk Road. However, it is very different. It focuses on the Asian, European and African countries, and is also open to all the other countries. It’s not only the name of trade roads but also a bridge of culture between China and many other countries. China also works more closely with the countries in languages, science and education. There is even a Silk Route Museum in Jiuquan, China. It has over 30,000 objects from all along the Silk Road.
11．China announced the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013.
12．The initiative only helps products from other countries enter China’s market.
13．A lot of products are sent to Laos through the China-Laos Railway.
14．“The Belt and Road Initiative” is the same as the ancient Silk Road.
15．Silk Route Museum has over 30,000 objects from all over the world.
（2024·新疆喀什·二模）阅读下面广告，判断下列各小题的正(T)误(F)。
A Babysitter needed We need a babysitter from college to look after our two boys aged 4 and 6 from 4 p.m.—6 p.m., Monday—Friday. $17 an hour. Call Mary on (212) 330 7418.
B Newspaper round before school We need young people to deliver (投递) newspapers on Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings. The paper round takes 30 minutes in the village of Clanbrook. Papers must be delivered before 8 a.m. and you must have your own bike. Interested Ask for more info at Clanbrook post office.
C CITY MUSEUM Holiday job Want to earn extra money this summer Speak another language We need people who can speak French, Spanish or German to work as tour guide in the City Museum from Tuesday—Saturday, 9 a. m.—5 p. m. Send your resume (简历) to tourguide@.
D PART-TIME WORK Munchies Café We are looking for breakfast and lunch time workers on Saturdays. For details, walk in (8 a.m.—4 p.m.) or call Bella on (612) 398 7457 (after 4 p.m.).
16．Ad A: The babysitter can get more than $17 an hour.
17．Ad B: The paper round should take half an hour.
18．Ad C: You’ ll have to work five days a week if you work for the City Museum.
19．Ad C: You need to call the museum if you are interested in the holiday job.
20．Ad D: You don’t need to work in the evenings.
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）The much-loved panda Fu Bao will return to China soon according to the Beijing panda diplomacy (外交政策). Fu Bao became a favorite as she was born in South Korea to loaned (借出) animals.
A South Korean theme park held a farewell party for one of its most famous residents, Fu Bao, the giant Panda on Sunday.
Fu Bao—meaning “lucky treasure”—was the first giant panda to be born in South Korea in 2020 and has drawn countless visitors to the Everland theme park.
The much-loved Fu Bao, who is four years old this year, will be sent to the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda in Sichuan Province next month, after spending a month in quarantine (隔离).
Last Sunday was her last day on show to visitors prior to the quarantine. Thousands of people gathered to attend a special farewell event held for Fu Bao, with many saying how much they would miss her. Zookeeper Kang Cher-won who has cared for Fu Bao since birth said that the panda had given him love and joy. “Fu Bao is a friend who has played many roles,” Kang said. “She was my first panda baby, and my heart is filled with memories of her that I will never forget all my life.”
根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F).
21．Fu Bao will return to China because of the Beijing panda diplomacy.
22．Fu Bao was born in China.
23．The South Korean theme park held a birthday party for Fu Bao on Sunday.
24．The Giant Panda will be sent to the China Conservation and Research Center after a week in quarantine.
25．The zookeeper Kang Cher-won said he will never forget the memories with Fu Bao.
（2024·新疆伊犁·一模）Where does the seafood we eat come from You may have a quick answer—the sea. But Xinjiang people may say, “It is not always true.”
Xinjiang is far from the sea. Now it welcomes a big harvest (丰收) of local “seafood”.
The most important thing for aquatic products (水产品) is water. Xinjiang has many rivers and lakes with water that is from the melting snow and glaciers (冰川) of the Tianshan Mountains. With the clean water, fish ponds can be built.
Also, land in Xinjiang has a lot of salt. This is not good for growing corn, rice and wheat. But “one man’s
rubbish is another man’s treasure”. The land makes the underground water salty. People turn the water into “man-made seawater”. They then use it to keep sea fish, shrimp, crabs and so on.
Now, some of Xinjiang’s “seafood” goes to many cities in China. It also goes to countries in Southeast Asia.
Many people are worried about the safety of seafood because of the nuclear-contaminated water(核污染水). Now, Xinjiang’s “seafood” is becoming a new choice for seafood lovers.
根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。
26．Xinjiang is not far from the sea.
27．The most important thing for aquatic products is the weather.
28．Land in Xinjiang makes it possible to keep sea fish in Xinjiang.
29．Some of Xinjiang’s “seafood” is sent to many cities in China.
30．Seafood from Xinjiang becomes a new choice for seafood lovers.
（2024·新疆伊犁·一模）Richard is a trader and he is very mean (吝啬) with his money. One day, Richard went to a noodle house for lunch. He asked, “How much is a bowl of beef noodles ” The boss answered, “8 dollars.” Richard asked again, “What about the beef soup ” “For free.” said the boss. Richard said at once, “OK! Give me a bowl of soup, please.” After drinking, Richard wiped (擦) his mouth and left.
Richard came to drink the free soup in the following three days. That made the boss a little angry. On the fifth day, when Richard came for the free soup again. The boss said angrily, “Today the prices are not the same as before. 8 dollars for noodles and 16 dollars for the soup!” Richard thought for a while and said, “OK! I need a bowl of beef noodles and an empty bowl.”
The boss gave Richard what he ordered. To his surprise, Richard poured the soup into the empty bowl and only ate the noodles. Then he said to the boss, “I had a bowl of noodles for 8 dollars, but I didn’t drink the soup. Now you have to give me 8 dollars back.”
根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。
31．Richard went to the noodle house for breakfast.
32．Richard had a bowl of soup at the first time.
33．The boss got angry because of Richard’s behavior.
34．In fact, the price of the soup is 16 dollars.
35．At last, the boss didn’t have to give Richard 8 dollars.
（2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·模拟预测）根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正（T）误（F）。
In some cities, students have lunch at school. Do you have lunch at school What do you have Let’s look at students’ lunch boxes all over the world.
Spain—Spanish lunch usually have a few dishes. The children may have rice, soup or vegetables as the first dish and then some meat as the second dish. They often end up with their lunch with fruit or yogurt.
Singapore—Students in Singapore don’t go to a traditional dining hall. They visit cooking shops. Students can choose both traditional food and western food.
France—Healthy meals are the rules in many French schools. A French school lunch may have chicken with green beans and cheese.
Finland—The Finnish school lunches are at least 50% vegetables and 25% proteins (蛋白质). On Thursdays, Finnish schools serve the traditional soup with pancakes.
Japan—The Japanese school lunches have rice, meat, fresh fruit and vegetables. Rice and fish are the basis for many of the meals.
36．Spanish students often finish lunches with fruit and yogurt.
37．Students in Singapore have lunch in cooking shops.
38．Finnish schools serve both traditional food and western food on Thursdays.
39．French students often have unhealthy food for lunch.
40．Rice and fish are the basis for lots of Japanese students’ lunches.
（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）Studying in groups is becoming more and more popular in class. It has many advantages. For example, we can not only save time but also encourage each other when we study in groups.
I still remember when I was in Grade 8, my physics was very poor. I had a really hard time with it. Once in class, the teacher asked us to discuss it with each other, but I was very shy. I could not do it like what they told me. My physics teacher encouraged me to talk with someone else bravely, then I studied with some classmates together. When I did not understand any questions, they could give me some advice, then I could quickly find out the ways to deal with the problems. After that, l felt very relaxed and asked my classmates a lot of questions about physics. I did not feel stressed out at all. At last, I finished my homework by myself for the first time. How excited I was!
Because of studying in groups, I am not worried about physics any more. With my classmates’ help, I get more confidence. It also gives me more chances to improve myself in many ways. So let’s study more in groups.
根据文章内容判断正误，正确选A，错误的选B。
41．The writer was weak in geography when he was in Grade 8.
42．The writer’s physics teacher encouraged him to talk with someone else bravely.
43．When the writer didn’t understand any questions, nobody could give him some advice.
44．The writer did not feel stressed out at all by studying in groups.
45．The writer thought students should study more in groups.
（2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·三模）Peter was 10 years old. His friend Paul is one year older than him. One day Paul said to him, “I am going to have a birthday party on Saturday, Peter. Can you come ”
Peter asked his mother and she said, “Yes, you can go.” She phoned Paul’s mother to tell her.
Before Peter went to the party on Saturday afternoon, his mother said to him, “Now, Peter, don’t forget to be polite. Don’t ask for food. Wait until someone gives it to you.”
“All right, mom,” Peter answered. And he went to Paul’s house on his bicycle. There were a lot of children at the party. They played together for over an hour and then Paul’s mother gave them some food, but she forgot to give Peter some. He waited politely for a few minutes, and then he held his plate up in the air and said loudly, “Does anyone want a nice clean plate ”
根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正T误F。
46．Paul would have a birthday party on Sunday.
47．Peter’s mother told Peter to be polite and ask for food before he went to the party.
48．Peter rode his bicycle to Paul’s house.
49．The children played together for over an hour before Paul’s mother gave them some food.
50．Peter waited for food politely for a few hours.
参考答案：
1．F 2．F 3．T 4．F 5．T
【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事，主要内容是：很久以前，一只鹿喜欢自己漂亮的角，而讨论丑陋的蹄子和腿。一天，在他遇到危险的时候，角使他差点没有逃离危险，而腿和蹄子却拯救了他，从此他开始接受自己。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But he did not like his legs or hooves”可知，鹿不喜欢他的腿和蹄子，所以他不为腿和蹄子感到高兴。故答案为F。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“One day, the deer saw a big dog. He made some noise and the dog couldn’t sleep at all. The dog woke up and ran after him.”可知，鹿和狗互相之间并不友好。故答案为F。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the end, he got away from the danger of the dog. He had a rest under a tree”可知，在脱离危险之后，鹿在树下休息。故答案为T。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段“My legs and hooves saved me.”可知，鹿获救是因为他的腿和蹄子。故答案为F。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“I shouldn’t put beauty only on the surface and I should try to accept myself”可知，在故事最后，鹿意识到他应该接受他自己。故答案为T。
6．F 7．F 8．T 9．F 10．T
【导语】本文主要介绍了每年4月23日的世界读书日，并讲述了人们是如何庆祝它的以及读书的重要性。
6．细节理解题。根据“World Reading Day falls on April 23rd every year.”可知，世界阅读日在四月二十三。故选F。
7．细节理解题。根据“books can provide us many things that TV plays cannot”可知书能提供我们许多电视剧不能给的。故选F。
8．细节理解题。根据“Since books use words or pictures to tell us a story, books can help us to improve our imagination”可知，书使用语言和图片可以帮助提高想象力。故选T。
9．细节理解题。根据“While we are reading, we can imagine the characters and background in our mind.”可知，当阅读时可以想象人物和背景。故选F。
10．细节理解题。根据“Books can also help us to think harder and deeper.”可知，书也可以帮我
们深入思考。故选T。
11．T 12．F 13．T 14．F 15．F
【导语】本文介绍了“一带一路”的由来和好处。
11．细节理解题。根据“It has been 10 years since President Xi announced the initiative.”可知，“一带一路”是习主席在2013年提出的，本题表述正确，故填T。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，“一带一路”除了把别国的产品带到中国来，中国的商品也可以销售出去，还可以带动地方的基建，本题表述错误，故填F。
13．细节理解题。根据“It is more convenient to send products to Laos and visit Laos for the Chinese.”可知，很多中国的商品通过中老铁路运送到老挝，本题表述正确，故填T。
14．细节理解题。根据“The Belt and Road Initiative is based on the ancient Silk Road.”可知，“一带一路”倡议源于古丝绸之路，而不是等同古丝绸之路，本题表述错误，故填F。
15．细节理解题。根据“It has over 30,000 objects from all along the Silk Road.”可知，3万多件物品是来自丝绸之路沿线，而不是全世界，本题表述错误，故填F。
16．F 17．T 18．T 19．F 20．T
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。是四则招聘广告。
16．细节理解题。根据“$17 an hour.”可知，保姆每小时能挣17美元。故选F。
17．细节理解题。根据“The paper round takes 30 minutes in the village of Clanbrook.”可知，送报纸需要30分钟。故选T。
18．细节理解题。根据“Tuesday—Saturday, 9 a.m.—5 p.m.”可知，在城市博物馆做导游的工作时间是周二至周六上午9点至下午5点，每周五天。故选T。
19．细节理解题。根据“Send your resume to tourguide@.”可知，在城市博物馆做假日工需要给邮箱发简历。故选F。
20．细节理解题。根据“We are looking for breakfast and lunch time workers on Saturdays.”可知，咖啡馆在招星期六早餐和午餐时间的工人，晚上不需要工作。故选T。
21．T 22．F 23．F 24．F 25．T
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了大熊猫“福宝”即将回国，韩国主题公园为它举办了特别的告别活动。
21．细节理解题。根据“The much-loved panda Fu Bao will return to China soon according to the Beijing panda diplomacy (外交政策).”可知，福宝是因为熊猫外交而返回中国，故答案为T。
22．细节理解题。根据“Fu Bao became a favorite as she was born in South Korea to loaned (借出) animals.”可知，福宝出生在韩国，故答案为F。
23．细节理解题。根据“A South Korean theme park held a farewell party for one of its most famous residents, Fu Bao, the giant Panda on Sunday.”可知，韩国的主题公园为福宝举办的是告别派对，故答案为F。
24．细节理解题。根据“The much-loved Fu Bao, who is four years old this year, will be sent to the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda in Sichuan Province next month, after spending a month in quarantine (隔离).”可知，大熊猫在隔离一个月后将被送往中国保护和研究中心，故答案为F。
25．细节理解题。根据“Zookeeper Kang Cher-won who has cared for Fu Bao since birth said that the panda had given him love and joy. ‘Fu Bao is a friend who has played many roles,’ Kang said. ‘She was my first panda baby, and my heart is filled with memories of her that I will never forget all my life.’”可知，Kang Cher把福宝当作他的朋友，永远不会忘记和福宝相处的记忆，故答案为T。
26．F 27．F 28．T 29．T 30．T
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新疆可以产海鲜以及一些相关的信息。
26．细节理解题。根据“Xinjiang is far from the sea.”可知，新疆距离海很远，由此可知，“新疆距离海不远。”的表述错误。故填F。
27．细节理解题。根据“The most important thing for aquatic products( 水产品 ) is water.”可知，对水产品来说，最重要的事是水，由此可知，“对水产品来说，最重要的事是天气。”的表述错误。故填F。
28．细节理解题。根据“Also, land in Xinjiang has a lot of salt...They then use it to keep sea fish, shrimp, crabs and so on.”可知，新疆的土地含有很多盐。这里的土地使得地下水咸。人们将这水变成“人工海水”。然后他们使用这水去养海鱼、虾、蟹等等。由此可知，“新疆的土地使得在新疆养海鲜成为可能。”的表述是正确的。故填T。
29．细节理解题。根据“Now, some of Xinjiang’s “seafood” goes to many cities in China.”可知，现在，一些新疆的“海鲜”去到中国的很多城市。由此可知，“一些新疆的‘海鲜’被送到很多中
国城市。”的表述是正确的。故填T。
30．细节理解题。根据“Many people are worried about the safety of seafood because of the nuclear-contaminated water (核污染水). Now, Xinjiang’s “seafood” is becoming a new choice for seafood lovers.”可知，因为核污染水，很多人担心海鲜的安全性。现在新疆“海鲜”对于海鲜爱好者来说是一个新的选择。由此可知，“来自新疆的海鲜对海鲜爱好者来说是一个新的选择。”的表述正确。故填T。
31．F 32．T 33．T 34．F 35．F
【导语】本文主要讲述了一个名叫理查德的商人的故事，他十分吝啬。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段“One day, Richard went to a noodle house for lunch.”可知，理查德是去面馆吃午饭，而不是早饭。故答案为F。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“‘OK! Give me a bowl of soup, please.’ After drinking, Richard wiped (擦) his mouth and left.”可知，第一次，理查德喝了一碗汤。故答案为T。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Richard came to drink the free soup in the following three days. That made the boss a little angry.”可知，老板因为理查德的行为而生气。故答案为T。
34．推理判断题。根据第一段“He asked, ‘How much is a bowl of beef noodles ’ The boss answered, ‘8 dollars.’ Richard asked again, ‘What about the beef soup ’ ‘For free.’”和第二段“The boss said angrily, ‘Today the prices are not the same as before. 8 dollars for noodles and 16 dollars for the soup!’”可知，实际上，汤是免费的，不过理查德每次都只喝汤，所以老板生气了，才说汤要16美元。故答案为F。
35．推理判断题。根据第二段“The boss said angrily, ‘Today the prices are not the same as before. 8 dollars for noodles and 16 dollars for the soup!’”和第三段“Richard poured the soup into the empty bowl and only ate the noodles.”可知，老板说面条8美元，汤16美元，理查德只吃了面条，把汤还给了老板，由此推知，所以老板最终不得不给理查德8美元。故答案为F。
36．T 37．T 38．F 39．F 40．T
【导语】本文主要介绍了世界各地学生午餐的情况。
36．细节理解题。根据“They often end up with their lunch with fruit or yogurt”可知，西班牙学生通常以水果或酸奶结束午餐，故答案为T。
37．细节理解题。根据“Students in Singapore don’t go to a traditional dining hall. They visit
cooking shops”可知，新加坡的学生在烹饪店吃午餐，故答案为T。
38．细节理解题。根据“On Thursdays, Finnish schools serve the traditional soup with pancakes.”可知，每周四，芬兰学校会提供传统的煎饼汤，而不是传统的食物和西方食物，故答案为F。
39．细节理解题。根据“Healthy meals are the rules in many French schools. A French school lunch may have chicken with green beans and cheese”可知，法国学生午饭吃健康的食物，而不是午餐吃不健康的食品，故答案为F。
40．细节理解题。根据“Rice and fish are the basis for many of the meals”可知，米饭和鱼是许多日本学生午餐的基础。故答案为T。
41．B 42．A 43．B 44．A 45．A
【导语】本文主要向我们介绍了小组学习的好处。因作者的物理学得不好，物理老师鼓励他在小组学习，通过小组成员的相互鼓励，讨论问题，成绩得到了提高。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段“I still remember when I was in Grade 8, my physics was very poor．I had a really hard time with it”（我还记得我八年级的时候，我的物理很差。）可知我还记得我8年级时，我的物理很差，不是地理。 故填B。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段“My physics teacher encouraged me to face others and talk with someone else bravely”（我的物理老师鼓励我勇敢地面对别人，与别人交谈。）可知我的物理老师鼓励我面对别人，勇敢地和别人交谈。故填A。
43．细节理解题。根据第二段“When I did not understand any questions, they could give me some advice, I could quickly find out the ways to deal with the problems”（当我不明白任何问题时，他们可以给我一些建议，我可以很快找到解决问题的方法。）可知当我不明白任何问题，他们可以给我一些建议，我可以很快找到处理这些问题的方法。不是没人给建议。故填B。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段“After that, I felt very relaxed and asked my classmates a lot of questions about physics．I did not feel stressed out at all”（在那之后，我感到很放松，问了同学很多关于物理的问题。我一点也不感到有压力。）可知之后，我感到很放松，向同学们问了很多关于物理的问题，我一点也不觉得有压力。故填A。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段“Studying in groups is becoming more and more popular in class. It has many advantages. For example, we can not only save time but also encourage each other when we study in groups.”（分组学习在课堂上越来越受欢迎。它有很多优点。例如，当我们分组
学习时，我们不仅可以节省时间，还可以互相鼓励。）最后一段So let’s study more in groups.（所以让我们多分组学习。）可知作者认为学生应该多分组学习。故填A。
46．F 47．F 48．T 49．T 50．F
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了鲍尔邀请彼特去参加自己的生日晚会，彼特的妈妈叮嘱他要有礼貌，不要主动要食物吃，在晚会上，鲍尔的妈妈忘记给彼特一些食物，于是彼特就问大家“有没有人想要空盘子”引起注意。
46．细节理解题。根据“I am going to have a birthday party on Saturday”可知，鲍尔将在周六举办生日晚会，而不是在周日。故填F。
47．细节理解题。根据“Peter, don’t forget to be polite. Don’t ask for food.”可知，彼特的妈妈让彼特要有礼貌，不要主动要食物，而不是去要食物。故填F。
48．细节理解题。根据“And he went to Paul’s house on his bicycle.”可知，彼特骑自行车到鲍尔家，此处表述正确。故填T。
49．细节理解题。根据“They played together for over an hour and then Paul’s mother gave them some food, but she forgot to give Peter some.”可知，孩子们一起玩了一个多小时之后，鲍尔的妈妈给了他们一些食物，此处表述正确。故填T。
50．细节理解题。根据“He waited politely for a few minutes”可知，彼特礼貌地等待了几分钟，而不是几个小时。故填F。