七年级下册英语Unit 12知识点与语法精讲精练
（一）完成单词梳理：
名词：1. lake 湖；湖泊 2. beach 海滩；沙滩 3. badminton 羽毛球运动
4. sheep 羊；绵羊 5. butterfly 蝴蝶 6. visitor 游客；访问者
7. mouse 老鼠；耗子 8. language 语言 9. kite 风筝
10. India 印度 11. tent 帐篷 12. moon 月亮
13. snake 蛇 14. forest 森林 15. ear 耳朵
动词：1. camp 扎营；扎帐篷 2. stay 停留；待 3. shout 呼叫；喊叫
4. fly 飞 5. move 移动 6. start 开始；着手
7. jump 跳；跃 8. wake 弄醒；醒
副词：1. away 离开；远离 2. ago 以前
介词：1. as 作为；当作 2. into 到……里面；进入
形容词：1. natural 自然的 2. tired 疲倦的；疲劳的 3. scared 惊慌的；吓坏了的
感叹词：1. woof （狗叫声）汪汪
兼类词：1. baby （adj）幼小的（n）婴儿 2. high （adj/adv）高的（地）
3. surprise （n）惊奇；惊讶（v）使吃惊
（二）词汇变形小结：
beach 海滩；沙滩(n.) → ___beaches___ (复数)
sheep 羊；绵羊(n.) → ____sheep____ (复数)
natural 自然的(adj.) → ____nature____ (n.)大自然
butterfly 蝴蝶(n.) → __butterflies___(复数)
visit 参观(v.) → ___visitor_____(n.)游客；访问者
mouse 老鼠；耗子(n.) → _____mice_____(复数)
baby 婴儿(n.) → ____babies_____(复数)
fly 飞(v.) → ____flew_____(过去式)
surprise 使吃惊(v.) → ___surprised___(adj.)惊喜的；惊讶的→ ___surprising___(adj.)令人惊讶的
scare 使害怕(v.) → ___scared_____(adj.)惊慌的；吓坏了的
wake 弄醒；醒→ ____woke_____(过去式)
【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空
We need a cat. There are too many ____mice_____ (mouse).
There were so many ___visitors____ (visit) in the museum yesterday.
Everyone was ___surprised____ (surprise) to see her at the party last night.
I want to be a guide at the ___Natural____ (nature) History Museum.
There were some ____sheep_____ (sheep) on the farm yesterday.
I ____woke_____ (wake) up late yesterday and I was late for class.
David’s grandfather keeps many __butterflies___ (butterfly) on his farm.
I felt ___scared_____ (scare) when I saw the snake.
They went ___camping___ (camp) in a small village in India last weekend.
Rose __didn’t like___ (not like) swimming last summer, but now she does.
（三）短语攻关：
last weekend 上周末 do one’s homework 做作业
go to the cinema 去看电影 go boating 去划船
camp by the lake 在湖边扎营 go to the beach 去海滩
play badminton 打羽毛球 living habits 生活习惯
stay up late 深夜不睡；熬夜 run away 跑开
shout at 冲……大声叫嚷 fly a kite 放风筝
high school 中学 go camping 去野营
put up 搭起；举起 make a fire 生火；点起篝火
each other 互相；彼此 get a surprise 吃惊
shout to 对……大声喊叫 start to do sth. 开始做某事
up and down 上上下下；起伏 wake...up 把……弄醒
1. I worked as a gudie at the Natural History Museum. 我在自然历史博物馆当导游了。
【用法详解】as此处用作介词，意为“作为；当作”，后可接表示职业的名词。work as意为“从事……工作”。
Eg.As a student, you should study hard. 作为一名学生，你应当努力学习。
【拓展延伸】as作连词的用法：
Eg.We sing as we dance. 我们边跳舞边唱歌。
We all believe him as he is an honest boy. 我们都相信他，因为他是一个诚实的男孩。
He knows as much about America as we do. 他对美国的了解和我们一样多。
2. How interesting! 多么有趣啊！
【用法详解】该句为how引导的感叹句，其后省略了主语it和谓语was。how引导的感叹句的几种常见结构：
Eg.How clever the boy is! 这个男孩是多么聪明啊！
How hot a day it is! 多么热的一天啊！
How I miss my mother! 我多么想念我的妈妈！
【拓展延伸】what引导的感叹句
Eg.What a hot day it is! 多么热的一天啊！
What clever monkeys (they are)! 多聪明的猴子！
What cold weather (it is)! 多么冷的天气！
【即学即用】
1.—___A____ hot weather it is! Why not have a cold drink
—Sounds good! Let’s go.
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
2.___A____ beautiful the flowers are! We all like them.
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
3.—All of my classmates have passed the PE test.
—___A____ exciting the news is!
A.How B.What C.What an D.How an
3. Father Mouse shouted at the cat, “Woof, woof!” 老鼠爸爸冲着猫大声吼叫：“汪汪，汪汪！”
【用法详解】shout动词，意为“呼叫；喊叫”。常用搭配：shout at sb.“冲某人大声叫嚷”。
Eg.Don’t shout at your parents! 不要冲你的父母大声叫嚷！
【易混辨析】shout at与shout to
shout at 意为“对……大声叫嚷”，含有责备之意，带有感彩
shout to 意为“对……大声喊叫”，以引起对方注意，无责备之意，无感彩
Eg.Father shouted at the girl, and she cried. 爸爸训斥了女孩一顿，她哭了。
We shouted to the driver, but he didn’t hear us. 我们向司机大声喊，但他没听见。
【即学即用】
1.It’s not right of you to ___C____ your parents. You should say sorry to them.
A.shout to B.play with C.shout at D.talk to
4. My sister finished high school two week ago. 两周前我姐姐中学毕业了。
【用法详解】ago副词，意为“以前”。“时间段+ago”表示“某段时间以前”，常用于一般过去时的句子中。
Eg.I met him a few minutes ago. 我几分钟前碰到过他。
【拓展延伸】before作介词，意为“在……之前”时，后接时间点，常与一般将来时和一般现在时连用。
Eg.I will be back before five o’clock. 我将在5点前回来。
【即学即用】
1.—Is your sister at home
—No, she isn't. She went to the zoo two hours ___C___. But she will arrive home _______ five o'clock.
A. ago; ago B. before; before C. ago; before D. before;ago
2.—Your paintings are so great, David! When did you learn to paint
—Three years ___A___.
ago B. before C. after D. later
3.—Your brother is an excellent basketball player.
—So he is. He ___C____ to play basketball three years ago.
A. starts B. is starting C. started D. is started
5.There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on. 在那里我们搭起帐篷，生火取暖并做饭。
【用法详解】重点：put up此处意为“搭起”，还可表示“举起；张贴”。
Eg.It’s going to rain. Let’s put up the tent. 天要下雨了，我们把帐篷搭起来吧！
If you know the answer, please put up your hand. 如果你知道答案，请举手。
They put up a map on the wall. 他们在墙上贴了一张地图。
【拓展延伸】与put相关的其他短语动词
【即学即用】
1.Please ___B___ your hand before you answer the teachers’ questions in class.
A. put on B. put up C. put in D. put off
2.The Tokyo Olympics will be ___B____ because of the disease around the world.
A.put up B.put off C.put on D.put away
3.他们搭建帐篷，生火取暖，在上面做饭。（完成句子）
They __put__ ___up__ their tents and __make_ ___a__ __fire__ to keep them warm and cook food on.
6. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 但是我太累了，所以早早就睡着了。
【用法详解】so ... that ...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其中，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词，构成“so+形容词/副词+that从句”句型。
Eg.The box is so heavy that I can’t move it away. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不走它。
【拓展延伸】当so ...that ...中that 后的从句为肯定句时，可与enough to do进行句型转换；that后的从句为否定句时，可与too ... to ...转换。
Eg.He ran so fast that he won the race. = He ran fast enough to win the race. 他跑得很快，赢得了这场比赛。
The child is so young that he can’t go to school. = The child is too young to go to school. 这个孩子太小，不能去上学。
【即学即用】
1.—What do you think of the movie The Wandering Earth(《流浪地球》)
—It's ___A___ wonderful _______ I really like it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
2.The movie Ne Zha is ___A___ educational _______ I want to see it again.
A.so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
7. The next morning, my sister and I got a terrible surprise. 第二天早上，我和姐姐大吃一惊。
【用法详解】surprise既可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，意为“惊奇；惊讶”。常用短语：get a surprise“吃惊”；to one’s surprise“令某人吃惊的是”；in surprise“惊奇地；吃惊地”。
Eg.I got a surprise when I saw the bill. 我一看账单吃了一惊。
To my surprise, she walked out without saying a word. 令我吃惊的是，她一句话也没说就走了出去。
John turned around and looked at us in surprise. 约翰转过身，吃惊地望着我们。
【即学即用】
1.父母吃惊地看着他们的儿子，一句话也说不出来。
The parents looked at their son ___in____ __surprise__. They couldn't say a word.
2.使我们吃惊的是，彼得在考试中获得了第一名。
___To____ ___our___ __surprise__, Peter won first place in the exam.
8. When we looked out of our tent, we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire. 我们向帐篷外面看去时，看见一条大蛇正在篝火附近睡觉。
【易混辨析】重点：see sb. doing sth.与see sb. do sth.
see sb. doing sth. 意为“ 看见某人正在做某事 ”，强调看到动作正在进行
see sb. do sth. 意为“ 看见某人做某事 ”，强调看到动作的全过程或动作经常发生
Eg.I saw Tom playing fottball with his friends. 我看见汤姆正在和他的朋友踢足球。
I saw him go into the shop. 我看见他进了商店。
【即学即用】
1.I saw two little boys ___A____ at the gate of the park.
A.playing B. played C. plays D. to play
2.I saw Jim ___D____ the violin in the music room just now.
A. to play B. plays C. to playing D. playing
3.Every morning, Tim often sees some old people ___A____ in the square.
A. dance B. to dance C. dances D. danced
9. This woke the snake up and it moved into the forest near the lake. 这把蛇惊醒了，她爬进了湖边的森林里。
【用法详解】wake ... up意为“把……弄醒”，接名词作宾语时，名词放在up前后均可；接代词作宾语时，代词只能放在wake与up之间。
Eg.Please wake up Lucy at six o’clock. = Please wake Lucy up at six o’clock. 请在六点钟叫醒露西。
Lily is sleeping. Don’t wake her up. 莉莉在睡觉，别叫醒她。
【即学即用】
1.Yesterday morning my mother ___C____ at six.
A.woke up me B. wake me up C. woke me up D. wakes up me
2.Please remember to ___B____ at five o’clock tomorrow morning.
A.wake up her B. wake her up C. woke her up D. woke up her
3.—Why did you arrive so early today, Eric
—My mother ___C____ early.
A. woke up me B. wakes me up C. woke me up D. wakes up me
课堂小测
一、单项选择
1.Mike likes playing ___C____ badminton but I like playing ________ guitar.
A. a; the B. a; a C. /; the D. the; the
2.—Don’t ___C____ too late, or you will feel tired in class.
—I won't, Mom.
A.call up B. wake up C.stay up D. get up
3.Prince George is ___D____ lovely that many people like him very much.
A. very B. such C. as D. so
4.—How beautiful the mountain is! I’d like to ___C____ a tent there.
—You’d better not.
A.put on B.put off C.put up D.put out
5.Don't shout ___C____ him. He is just a child.
A. for B. on C. at D. in
6.—How many ___B____ did you see on the farm last weekend
—Only one.
A. butterfly B. sheep C. mouse D. snake
7.Look! The students are learning Hainan Opera in the music class.___C____ special the class is!
A. What B. What a C. How D.How a
8.—Where's Tony now
—I saw him ___B____ in the garden a moment ago and I told him ________.
A. play; go home B. playing; to go home
C. to play; goes home D. play; going home
9.Alice is ___C____ nervous ________ she can't say a word in front of the class.
A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. too; that
10.Tony helped his mother ___A____ the housework after finishing homework last Sunday.
A. do B. clean C. did D. cleaned
11.—___B____ our surprise, he passed the exam successfully.
—Really He said he spent much time playing computer games.
A. For B. To C. With D. In
12.It’s 7 o’clock. The kids are still sleeping. ___A____!
A.Wake them up B.Put them on C.Put on them D.Wake up them
13.Lucy usually ___A____ on vacation in Shanghai. But last year she ________ to Guangzhou.
A. goes; went B. goes; goes C. went; goes D. go; went
14.A true friend will never ___B____ from you when you’re in trouble.
A.take away B.run away C.put off D.get off
15.—Would you like to watch the film Martian with me this Sunday
—___D____. I like movies very much.
A. You're welcome B. No, thanks C. No, I wouldn't D. Yes, I'd love to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. ___Mice____ (mouse) are very scared when they meet cats.
2. Could you tell me something about your ___living____ (live)habits
3. More and more ___visitors___ (visit) come to China to spend their vacation.
4. A tornado（龙卷风）is a terrible ___natural___ (nature) disaster.
5. My brother Tom went __camping__ (camp) by the lake last weekend.
6. There are some beautiful __butterflies__ (butterfly) flying among the flowers.
7. Look! There are five cows and eight ___sheep____ (sheep) on the grass.
8. The meeting ___started___ (start) at half past three and finished at seven o'clock.
9. My sister got a __surprise___ (surprised) when she saw a big dog in front of her.
10. It is very tiring to look after two ___babies___ (baby).
完形填空
Last year, Tom left school. He came to Beijing to 1. ________ a job. He went from one company(公司) to another but 2. ________ wanted him. Now he had little money. He had to go back to his small town. So he came to the station.
He felt 3. ________ and tired. It was very late at night but the 4. ________ was full of people. They were
waiting to 5. ________ tickets(票) for the last train. He bought the last ticket, and he was very happy.
At that time, a woman with a crying baby walked to him. She asked him to sell her the ticket. He gave her the ticket. He thought they needed it 6.________ he did. After the 7. ________ left, he sat on the bench(长凳) and didn’t know 8. ________ to go. Just then, an old woman came and said, “Young man, I 9. ________ what you did to the woman. I have a big company. I need a good young man like 10. ________. Would you like to work for me ”
( C ) 1. A. finding B. finds C. look for D. look
( B ) 2. A. everyone B. no one C. nothing D. anyone
( C ) 3. A. happy B. interesting C. sad D. hot
( C ) 4. A. city B. company C. station D. airport
( A ) 5. A. buy B. sell C. give D. save
( B ) 6. A. less than B. more than C. better than D. more better
( C ) 7. A. plane B. bus C. train D. car
( C ) 8. A. what B. which C. where D. how
( A ) 9. A. saw B. listened C. heard D. read
( B ) 10. A. him B. you C. her D. he
四、阅读理解
A
Folding paper on weekends
Boys and girls. what did you do last weekend There are many things you could do. Some boys went out to play soccer or tennis and some girls just stayed at home and did some reading. Now it's time to do something new on weekends. A French young man Eric Loisel has his own idea about that.
Eric Joisel in Paris, France, is interested in paper folding. Not like others, he doesn’t think it is just for children. He spent many weekends in folding paper. Then he held his first origami show in Paris.The word "origami"is from Japanese. It is the art of folding paper into different shapes(形状)like flowers and animals.
Paper folding is now very popular around the world. Many people love doing it. Would you like to have a try next weekend
( C )1. From the passage, we know that Eric Joisel .
A. is like other people B. doesn't like doing sports
C. has a different interest D. likes to play with his friends
( D )2. What does Eric Joisel usually do on weekends
A. He plays soccer. B. He does some washing at home.
C. He often does some reading. D. He spends time in folding paper.
( B )3. Some people think paper folding is only for .
A. old people B. children C. young people D. students
( A )4. The word "origami"is from .
A. Japanese B. English C. Chinese D. French
( C )5. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Eric Joisel is a young man from Europe. B. Paper folding is a kind of art.
C. People can only fold paper into two shapes. D. Many people in the world like paper folding.
B
Saturday, 17th March Today I got my dream job in New York! However, it’s far away from my home town and I’ve never visited New York before. Yesterday I took the train here and one of my workmates met me at the railway station. Then he showed me to the company. There they had a welcome party for me. Great! My company offered(提供） no living place, so I had to find somewhere to live. I stayed in a hotel while I looked for a new home. Sunday, 1st April I’ve found the perfect flat（公寓）! It’s small but very nice. It’s near my office, so I can walk to work. The only problem is that it’s $1,000 a month. That’s too much for a young man like me! I’ve soon got used to the life here. I love it! There’s a supermarket nearby and some restaurants I can go to when I do not want to cook. My workmates and new neighbors are friendly. It’s April Fool’s Day today and I even played a trick on my neighbour next door. Cool!
( A )6.How did Daniel get to New York
A. By bus B. By bike C . On foot D. By train
( C )7. Who showed Daniel to the company (公司）
A. his classmates B. his friends C. his workmates D. his teacher
( D )8 .What is Daniel’s flat like
A. It’s far away from his office. B. It’s quite cheap
C. It’s very big. D. It’s very nice.
( B )9 .Why didn’t Daniel cook for himself
A. There’s a flat. B. There’s a restaurant
C. There’s a supermarket D. There’s an office.
( C )10.What does Daniel NOT tell us
A. Whether he has visited New York before. B. Where he stayed before he found a flat.
C. Why he had a party on April Fool’s Day. D. What his workmates and new neighbors are like
五、根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。
My name is Li Lei. I went to Beijing with my friends last 1.__summer__ (夏天). The weather was fine and the trip was pleasant(令人愉快的). We 2.__spent___ (花费) three days in Beijing. We went to Tian'anmen Square. We also went to the Great Wall and the Palace 3._Museum__ (博物馆). We had great fun 4.__visiting_ (参观) Beijing.
My friend is Lin Tao. He had a vacation with his 5._family_ (家人) in Sanya last year. The 6._beaches_(海滩) there were beautiful and the sea water was blue. They got a 7._surprise_ (惊喜). They 8._stayed_ (停留) there for a week. They played volleyball with other 9._visitors_ (游客) by the sea. They went 10._swimming (游泳) every day. They felt very happy.
六、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词
1.你们必须互相帮助才能完成这项工作。
You have to help __each___ __other___ to finish the work.
2.不要熬夜太晚，否则对身体健康不好。
Don't ___stay___ ___up____ too late, or it is bad for your health.
3.史密斯先生教我们如何生火取暖。
Mr. Smith taught us how to __make___ ____a____ ___fire___ to keep us warm.
4.请保持安静，否则你会吵醒你妹妹的。
Please keep quiet, or you will __wake___ ___up___ your younger sister.
5.这只老鼠见到猫后马上逃跑了。
The mouse saw the cat and ___ran___ __away___ quickly.
一般过去时（Ⅱ）
一、一般过去时的特殊疑问句
句式 构成
含be动词的特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他
特殊疑问词（主语）+was/were+其他
含实义动词的特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词原形+其他
特殊疑问词（主语）+实义动词的过去式+其他
Eg. —How was your trip 你的旅行怎么样？
—Great, thanks. 很好，谢谢。
—Who was your first teacher 谁是你的第一位老师？
—Mr.Green was, 格林老师。
—What did you do last night 你昨天晚上做什么了？
—I did my homework. 我做作业了。
—Who went to Beijing yesterday 昨天谁去北京了？
—Jim did. 吉姆去了。
二、一般过去时的用法
1.表示过去某时或某时段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常带有过去的时间状语。
Eg.Tom was ill yesterday. 昨天汤姆生病了。
He lived in Beijing last year. 去年他居住在北京。
2.表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，通常带有表示频度的状语。
Eg.Bruce often helped me in the past. 过去布鲁斯经常帮助我。
Bill was often late for school last year. 去年比尔上学经常迟到。
【注意】在一般过去时的否定句和疑问句中，如果出现了助动词did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
语法小测
一、单项选择
1.He ___C____ his grandparents in the countryside last week.
A. visits B. visit C. visited D. is visiting
2.They don't live here any longer. They ___B____ to Chengdu last month.
A.move B. moved C.will move D.are moving
3.Did you ___D____ to the supermarket ________ Sunday morning
A. go; in B. went; on C. go; at D. go; on
4.—___C____ did Tim play with after school
—Jack. He's Tim's best friend.
A. How B. What C. Who D. Why
5.—Did you have a relaxing time yesterday
—Yes. I ___B____ a kite in the park with my best friends.
A. fly B. flew C. flied D.flies
6.—When ___C____ you visit the History Museum
—A week ago.
A. does B. do C. did D. were
7.—How was your weekend, David
—I ___B____ to the park with my cousin.
A. go B. went C. will go D. am going
8.—Where is your mother
—Sorry, I don t know. But she ___D____ at home ten minutes ago.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
9.—___B____
—She was tall and thin.
A. What was your first teacher look like B. What did your first teacher look like
C. What is your first teacher look like D. What does your first teacher like
10.The little girl often ___B____ flowers in the forest when she was young.
A. picks B. picked C. is picking D. will pick
二、语法填空
It was sunny yesterday. We 1.___went___ (go) to the South Lake Park to have a picnic(野餐).We 2.__took___ (take) a bus at 8: 00 a.m. and 3.__arrived___ (arrive) there at 9:00.We 4._brought_ (bring) some delicious food and 5.___ate___ (eat) under a big tree. Then we 6.__sang__ (sing) and 7._played_ (play) games. We 8.___had___ (have) great fun. We went back at 4: 00 p. m. and 9.__got___ (get) home at 5:00. It 10.__was___ (be) a really happy day.
三、按要求完成句子，每空一词
1.I bought a smartphone yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)
____Did____ _____you____ _____buy____ a smartphone yesterday
2.There were about nine hundred people in the meeting hall.(对画线部分提问)
____How___ ____many____ people ____were____ ___there____ in the meeting hall
3.Her brother was in the park just now.(对画线部分提问)
___Where___ ____was____ her brother just now
4.She went to the cinema with her friends on Friday evening.(对画线部分提问)
____Who____ ____did____ she ____go_____ to the cinema with on Friday evening
5.Wang Hai went camping in the mountain yesterday evening.(对画线部分提问)
____What____ ____did____ Wang Hai _____do____ in the mountain yesterday evening
6.Does your mother watch TV every evening (用last night替换every evening改写句子)
____Did_____ your mother ____watch____ TV last night
7.Berry’s sister helped her mother to make breakfast.(对画线部分提问)
____Who____ ____did_____ Berry's sister ____help____ to make breakfast
8.My father went fishing by a lake last week.(对画线部分提问)
___Where____ ____did_____ your father ____go______ fishing last week
四、根据短文内容，判断正误(正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”)
On a farm lived a father and a son.The father always got up early and read books by the stove(炉子).One morning, the son came up to him and said, “Dad, I read books at night but forget most of them the next morning.What's the good of reading ”
The father didn't reply(回答) to his question at once(立即).He passed him a basket that was used to carry coal.He said, “Get some water from the river with the basket and then I'll tell you the answer.”
The son felt surprised but he did as his father said.He tried many times but every time the water leaked (漏掉) from the basket.
An hour later, the son came back with the empty basket and told his father it was impossible to hold water with the basket.The father said with a smile, “Yes, you are right, my son.The basket can't hold water.But did you notice the basket was different ”The son found the dirty basket had become clean.The father continued, “Reading is like holding water with the basket.Although we can't remember all we read, we have changed while reading.”
( T )1. The father was used to reading in the morning.
( T )2. The son wondered if reading was good for him.
( F )3. The father didn't answer his son's question because he thought it was stupid.
( F )4. The basket had no difference after the son used it to get water from the river.
( T )5. From the passage, we know that reading can make a difference to a person.
五、书面表达
请你根据下面的内容提示写一篇不少于60词的短文，介绍你是如何度过上个周末的。内容提示如下：
1.天气：晴朗，微风。
2.活动：周六上午做作业；周六下午和朋友打排球。周日上午制作一个风筝；周日下午和妈妈一起逛街购物；晚上为考试做准备。
3.感受：繁忙而快乐。
要求：1.语句通顺、语意连贯、语法正确；
2.包含所给提示，并可适当发挥。
参考词汇：sunny；windy；do(one's)homework；volleyball；kite；go shopping；test；busy
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
It was sunny and a little windy last weekend. On Saturday morning, I did my homework.In the afternoon, I went to play volleyball with my friends. I made a kite with the help of my father on Sunday morning. In the afternoon, I went shopping with my mother.And in the evening, I studied for the coming test. Then I went to bed.
I had a busy but happy weekend.七年级下册英语Unit 12知识点与语法精讲精练
（一）完成单词梳理：
名词：1. 湖；湖泊 2. 海滩；沙滩 3. 羽毛球运动
4. 羊；绵羊 5. 蝴蝶 6. 游客；访问者
7. 老鼠；耗子 8. 语言 9. 风筝
10. 印度 11. 帐篷 12. 月亮
13. 蛇 14. 森林 15. 耳朵
动词：1. 扎营；扎帐篷 2. 停留；待 3. 呼叫；喊叫
4. 飞 5. 移动 6. 开始；着手
7. 跳；跃 8. 弄醒；醒
副词：1. 离开；远离 2. 以前
介词：1. 作为；当作 2. 到……里面；进入
形容词：1. 自然的 2. 疲倦的；疲劳的 3. 惊慌的；吓坏了的
感叹词：1. （狗叫声）汪汪
兼类词：1. （adj）幼小的（n）婴儿 2. （adj/adv）高的（地）
3. （n）惊奇；惊讶（v）使吃惊
（二）词汇变形小结：
beach 海滩；沙滩(n.) → ____________ (复数)
sheep 羊；绵羊(n.) → ____________ (复数)
natural 自然的(adj.) → ____________ (n.)大自然
butterfly 蝴蝶(n.) → ____________(复数)
visit 参观(v.) → ____________(n.)游客；访问者
mouse 老鼠；耗子(n.) → ____________(复数)
baby 婴儿(n.) → ____________(复数)
fly 飞(v.) → ____________(过去式)
surprise 使吃惊(v.) → ____________(adj.)惊喜的；惊讶的→ ____________(adj.)令人惊讶的
scare 使害怕(v.) → ____________(adj.)惊慌的；吓坏了的
wake 弄醒；醒→ ____________(过去式)
【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空
We need a cat. There are too many ____________ (mouse).
There were so many ____________ (visit) in the museum yesterday.
Everyone was ____________ (surprise) to see her at the party last night.
I want to be a guide at the ____________ (nature) History Museum.
There were some ____________ (sheep) on the farm yesterday.
I ____________ (wake) up late yesterday and I was late for class.
David’s grandfather keeps many ____________ (butterfly) on his farm.
I felt ____________ (scare) when I saw the snake.
They went ____________ (camp) in a small village in India last weekend.
Rose ____________ (not like) swimming last summer, but now she does.
（三）短语攻关：
上周末 做作业
去看电影 去划船
在湖边扎营 去海滩
打羽毛球 生活习惯
深夜不睡；熬夜 跑开
冲……大声叫嚷 放风筝
中学 去野营
搭起；举起 生火；点起篝火
互相；彼此 吃惊
对……大声喊叫 开始做某事
上上下下；起伏 把……弄醒
1. I worked as a gudie at the Natural History Museum. 我在自然历史博物馆当导游了。
【用法详解】as此处用作介词，意为“作为；当作”，后可接表示职业的名词。work as意为“从事……工作”。
Eg.As a student, you should study hard. 作为一名学生，你应当努力学习。
【拓展延伸】as作连词的用法：
Eg.We sing as we dance. 我们边跳舞边唱歌。
We all believe him as he is an honest boy. 我们都相信他，因为他是一个诚实的男孩。
He knows as much about America as we do. 他对美国的了解和我们一样多。
2. How interesting! 多么有趣啊！
【用法详解】该句为how引导的感叹句，其后省略了主语it和谓语was。how引导的感叹句的几种常见结构：
Eg.How clever the boy is! 这个男孩是多么聪明啊！
How hot a day it is! 多么热的一天啊！
How I miss my mother! 我多么想念我的妈妈！
【拓展延伸】what引导的感叹句
Eg.What a hot day it is! 多么热的一天啊！
What clever monkeys (they are)! 多聪明的猴子！
What cold weather (it is)! 多么冷的天气！
【即学即用】
1.—________ hot weather it is! Why not have a cold drink
—Sounds good! Let’s go.
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
2.________ beautiful the flowers are! We all like them.
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
3.—All of my classmates have passed the PE test.
—________ exciting the news is!
A.How B.What C.What an D.How an
3. Father Mouse shouted at the cat, “Woof, woof!” 老鼠爸爸冲着猫大声吼叫：“汪汪，汪汪！”
【用法详解】shout动词，意为“呼叫；喊叫”。常用搭配：shout at sb.“冲某人大声叫嚷”。
Eg.Don’t shout at your parents! 不要冲你的父母大声叫嚷！
【易混辨析】shout at与shout to
shout at 意为“对……大声叫嚷”，含有责备之意，带有感彩
shout to 意为“对……大声喊叫”，以引起对方注意，无责备之意，无感彩
Eg.Father shouted at the girl, and she cried. 爸爸训斥了女孩一顿，她哭了。
We shouted to the driver, but he didn’t hear us. 我们向司机大声喊，但他没听见。
【即学即用】
1.It’s not right of you to ________ your parents. You should say sorry to them.
A.shout to B.play with C.shout at D.talk to
4. My sister finished high school two week ago. 两周前我姐姐中学毕业了。
【用法详解】ago副词，意为“以前”。“时间段+ago”表示“某段时间以前”，常用于一般过去时的句子中。
Eg.I met him a few minutes ago. 我几分钟前碰到过他。
【拓展延伸】before作介词，意为“在……之前”时，后接时间点，常与一般将来时和一般现在时连用。
Eg.I will be back before five o’clock. 我将在5点前回来。
【即学即用】
1.—Is your sister at home
—No, she isn't. She went to the zoo two hours _______. But she will arrive home _______ five o'clock.
A. ago; ago B. before; before C. ago; before D. before;ago
2.—Your paintings are so great, David! When did you learn to paint
—Three years _______.
ago B. before C. after D. later
3.—Your brother is an excellent basketball player.
—So he is. He ________ to play basketball three years ago.
A. starts B. is starting C. started D. is started
5.There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on. 在那里我们搭起帐篷，生火取暖并做饭。
【用法详解】重点：put up此处意为“搭起”，还可表示“举起；张贴”。
Eg.It’s going to rain. Let’s put up the tent. 天要下雨了，我们把帐篷搭起来吧！
If you know the answer, please put up your hand. 如果你知道答案，请举手。
They put up a map on the wall. 他们在墙上贴了一张地图。
【拓展延伸】与put相关的其他短语动词
【即学即用】
1.Please _______ your hand before you answer the teachers’ questions in class.
A. put on B. put up C. put in D. put off
2.The Tokyo Olympics will be ________ because of the disease around the world.
A.put up B.put off C.put on D.put away
3.他们搭建帐篷，生火取暖，在上面做饭。（完成句子）
They ______ ______ their tents and ______ ______ ______ to keep them warm and cook food on.
6. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 但是我太累了，所以早早就睡着了。
【用法详解】so ... that ...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其中，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词，构成“so+形容词/副词+that从句”句型。
Eg.The box is so heavy that I can’t move it away. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不走它。
【拓展延伸】当so ...that ...中that 后的从句为肯定句时，可与enough to do进行句型转换；that后的从句为否定句时，可与too ... to ...转换。
Eg.He ran so fast that he won the race. = He ran fast enough to win the race. 他跑得很快，赢得了这场比赛。
The child is so young that he can’t go to school. = The child is too young to go to school. 这个孩子太小，不能去上学。
【即学即用】
1.—What do you think of the movie The Wandering Earth(《流浪地球》)
—It's _______ wonderful _______ I really like it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
2.The movie Ne Zha is _______ educational _______ I want to see it again.
A.so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
7. The next morning, my sister and I got a terrible surprise. 第二天早上，我和姐姐大吃一惊。
【用法详解】surprise既可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，意为“惊奇；惊讶”。常用短语：get a surprise“吃惊”；to one’s surprise“令某人吃惊的是”；in surprise“惊奇地；吃惊地”。
Eg.I got a surprise when I saw the bill. 我一看账单吃了一惊。
To my surprise, she walked out without saying a word. 令我吃惊的是，她一句话也没说就走了出去。
John turned around and looked at us in surprise. 约翰转过身，吃惊地望着我们。
【即学即用】
1.父母吃惊地看着他们的儿子，一句话也说不出来。
The parents looked at their son ________ ________. They couldn't say a word.
2.使我们吃惊的是，彼得在考试中获得了第一名。
________ ________ ________, Peter won first place in the exam.
8. When we looked out of our tent, we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire. 我们向帐篷外面看去时，看见一条大蛇正在篝火附近睡觉。
【易混辨析】重点：see sb. doing sth.与see sb. do sth.
see sb. doing sth. 意为“ ”，强调看到动作正在进行
see sb. do sth. 意为“ ”，强调看到动作的全过程或动作经常发生
Eg.I saw Tom playing fottball with his friends. 我看见汤姆正在和他的朋友踢足球。
I saw him go into the shop. 我看见他进了商店。
【即学即用】
1.I saw two little boys ________ at the gate of the park.
A.playing B. played C. plays D. to play
2.I saw Jim ________ the violin in the music room just now.
A. to play B. plays C. to playing D. playing
3.Every morning, Tim often sees some old people ________ in the square.
A. dance B. to dance C. dances D. danced
9. This woke the snake up and it moved into the forest near the lake. 这把蛇惊醒了，她爬进了湖边的森林里。
【用法详解】wake ... up意为“把……弄醒”，接名词作宾语时，名词放在up前后均可；接代词作宾语时，代词只能放在wake与up之间。
Eg.Please wake up Lucy at six o’clock. = Please wake Lucy up at six o’clock. 请在六点钟叫醒露西。
Lily is sleeping. Don’t wake her up. 莉莉在睡觉，别叫醒她。
【即学即用】
1.Yesterday morning my mother ________ at six.
A.woke up me B. wake me up C. woke me up D. wakes up me
2.Please remember to ________ at five o’clock tomorrow morning.
A.wake up her B. wake her up C. woke her up D. woke up her
3.—Why did you arrive so early today, Eric
—My mother ________ early.
A. woke up me B. wakes me up C. woke me up D. wakes up me
课堂小测
一、单项选择
1.Mike likes playing ________ badminton but I like playing ________ guitar.
A. a; the B. a; a C. /; the D. the; the
2.—Don’t ________ too late, or you will feel tired in class.
—I won't, Mom.
A.call up B. wake up C.stay up D. get up
3.Prince George is ________ lovely that many people like him very much.
A. very B. such C. as D. so
4.—How beautiful the mountain is! I’d like to ________ a tent there.
—You’d better not.
A.put on B.put off C.put up D.put out
5.Don't shout ________ him. He is just a child.
A. for B. on C. at D. in
6.—How many ________ did you see on the farm last weekend
—Only one.
A. butterfly B. sheep C. mouse D. snake
7.Look! The students are learning Hainan Opera in the music class.________ special the class is!
A. What B. What a C. How D.How a
8.—Where's Tony now
—I saw him ________ in the garden a moment ago and I told him ________.
A. play; go home B. playing; to go home
C. to play; goes home D. play; going home
9.Alice is ________ nervous ________ she can't say a word in front of the class.
A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. too; that
10.Tony helped his mother ________ the housework after finishing homework last Sunday.
A. do B. clean C. did D. cleaned
11.—________ our surprise, he passed the exam successfully.
—Really He said he spent much time playing computer games.
A. For B. To C. With D. In
12.It’s 7 o’clock. The kids are still sleeping. ________!
A.Wake them up B.Put them on C.Put on them D.Wake up them
13.Lucy usually ________ on vacation in Shanghai. But last year she ________ to Guangzhou.
A. goes; went B. goes; goes C. went; goes D. go; went
14.A true friend will never ________ from you when you’re in trouble.
A.take away B.run away C.put off D.get off
15.—Would you like to watch the film Martian with me this Sunday
—________. I like movies very much.
A. You're welcome B. No, thanks C. No, I wouldn't D. Yes, I'd love to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. __________ (mouse) are very scared when they meet cats.
2. Could you tell me something about your __________ (live)habits
3. More and more __________ (visit) come to China to spend their vacation.
4. A tornado（龙卷风）is a terrible __________ (nature) disaster.
5. My brother Tom went __________ (camp) by the lake last weekend.
6. There are some beautiful __________ (butterfly) flying among the flowers.
7. Look! There are five cows and eight __________ (sheep) on the grass.
8. The meeting __________ (start) at half past three and finished at seven o'clock.
9. My sister got a __________ (surprised) when she saw a big dog in front of her.
10. It is very tiring to look after two __________ (baby).
完形填空
Last year, Tom left school. He came to Beijing to 1. ________ a job. He went from one company(公司) to another but 2. ________ wanted him. Now he had little money. He had to go back to his small town. So he came to the station.
He felt 3. ________ and tired. It was very late at night but the 4. ________ was full of people. They were
waiting to 5. ________ tickets(票) for the last train. He bought the last ticket, and he was very happy.
At that time, a woman with a crying baby walked to him. She asked him to sell her the ticket. He gave her the ticket. He thought they needed it 6.________ he did. After the 7. ________ left, he sat on the bench(长凳) and didn’t know 8. ________ to go. Just then, an old woman came and said, “Young man, I 9. ________ what you did to the woman. I have a big company. I need a good young man like 10. ________. Would you like to work for me ”
( ) 1. A. finding B. finds C. look for D. look
( ) 2. A. everyone B. no one C. nothing D. anyone
( ) 3. A. happy B. interesting C. sad D. hot
( ) 4. A. city B. company C. station D. airport
( ) 5. A. buy B. sell C. give D. save
( ) 6. A. less than B. more than C. better than D. more better
( ) 7. A. plane B. bus C. train D. car
( ) 8. A. what B. which C. where D. how
( ) 9. A. saw B. listened C. heard D. read
( ) 10. A. him B. you C. her D. he
四、阅读理解
A
Folding paper on weekends
Boys and girls. what did you do last weekend There are many things you could do. Some boys went out to play soccer or tennis and some girls just stayed at home and did some reading. Now it's time to do something new on weekends. A French young man Eric Loisel has his own idea about that.
Eric Joisel in Paris, France, is interested in paper folding. Not like others, he doesn’t think it is just for children. He spent many weekends in folding paper. Then he held his first origami show in Paris.The word "origami"is from Japanese. It is the art of folding paper into different shapes(形状)like flowers and animals.
Paper folding is now very popular around the world. Many people love doing it. Would you like to have a try next weekend
( )1. From the passage, we know that Eric Joisel .
A. is like other people B. doesn't like doing sports
C. has a different interest D. likes to play with his friends
( )2. What does Eric Joisel usually do on weekends
A. He plays soccer. B. He does some washing at home.
C. He often does some reading. D. He spends time in folding paper.
( )3. Some people think paper folding is only for .
A. old people B. children C. young people D. students
( )4. The word "origami"is from .
A. Japanese B. English C. Chinese D. French
( )5. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Eric Joisel is a young man from Europe. B. Paper folding is a kind of art.
C. People can only fold paper into two shapes. D. Many people in the world like paper folding.
B
Saturday, 17th March Today I got my dream job in New York! However, it’s far away from my home town and I’ve never visited New York before. Yesterday I took the train here and one of my workmates met me at the railway station. Then he showed me to the company. There they had a welcome party for me. Great! My company offered(提供） no living place, so I had to find somewhere to live. I stayed in a hotel while I looked for a new home. Sunday, 1st April I’ve found the perfect flat（公寓）! It’s small but very nice. It’s near my office, so I can walk to work. The only problem is that it’s $1,000 a month. That’s too much for a young man like me! I’ve soon got used to the life here. I love it! There’s a supermarket nearby and some restaurants I can go to when I do not want to cook. My workmates and new neighbors are friendly. It’s April Fool’s Day today and I even played a trick on my neighbour next door. Cool!
( )6.How did Daniel get to New York
A. By bus B. By bike C . On foot D. By train
( )7. Who showed Daniel to the company (公司）
A. his classmates B. his friends C. his workmates D. his teacher
( )8 .What is Daniel’s flat like
A. It’s far away from his office. B. It’s quite cheap
C. It’s very big. D. It’s very nice.
( )9 .Why didn’t Daniel cook for himself
A. There’s a flat. B. There’s a restaurant
C. There’s a supermarket D. There’s an office.
( )10.What does Daniel NOT tell us
A. Whether he has visited New York before. B. Where he stayed before he found a flat.
C. Why he had a party on April Fool’s Day. D. What his workmates and new neighbors are like
五、根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。
My name is Li Lei. I went to Beijing with my friends last 1.________ (夏天). The weather was fine and the trip was pleasant(令人愉快的). We 2.________ (花费) three days in Beijing. We went to Tian'anmen Square. We also went to the Great Wall and the Palace 3.________ (博物馆). We had great fun 4.________ (参观) Beijing.
My friend is Lin Tao. He had a vacation with his 5.________ (家人) in Sanya last year. The 6.________(海滩) there were beautiful and the sea water was blue. They got a 7.________ (惊喜). They 8.________ (停留) there for a week. They played volleyball with other 9.________ (游客) by the sea. They went 10.________ (游泳) every day. They felt very happy.
六、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词
1.你们必须互相帮助才能完成这项工作。
You have to help ________ ________ to finish the work.
2.不要熬夜太晚，否则对身体健康不好。
Don't ________ ________ too late, or it is bad for your health.
3.史密斯先生教我们如何生火取暖。
Mr. Smith taught us how to ________ ________ ________ to keep us warm.
4.请保持安静，否则你会吵醒你妹妹的。
Please keep quiet, or you will ________ ________ your younger sister.
5.这只老鼠见到猫后马上逃跑了。
The mouse saw the cat and ________ ________ quickly.
一般过去时（Ⅱ）
一、一般过去时的特殊疑问句
句式 构成
含be动词的特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他
特殊疑问词（主语）+was/were+其他
含实义动词的特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词原形+其他
特殊疑问词（主语）+实义动词的过去式+其他
Eg. —How was your trip 你的旅行怎么样？
—Great, thanks. 很好，谢谢。
—Who was your first teacher 谁是你的第一位老师？
—Mr.Green was, 格林老师。
—What did you do last night 你昨天晚上做什么了？
—I did my homework. 我做作业了。
—Who went to Beijing yesterday 昨天谁去北京了？
—Jim did. 吉姆去了。
二、一般过去时的用法
1.表示过去某时或某时段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常带有过去的时间状语。
Eg.Tom was ill yesterday. 昨天汤姆生病了。
He lived in Beijing last year. 去年他居住在北京。
2.表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，通常带有表示频度的状语。
Eg.Bruce often helped me in the past. 过去布鲁斯经常帮助我。
Bill was often late for school last year. 去年比尔上学经常迟到。
【注意】在一般过去时的否定句和疑问句中，如果出现了助动词did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
语法小测
一、单项选择
1.He ________ his grandparents in the countryside last week.
A. visits B. visit C. visited D. is visiting
2.They don't live here any longer. They ________ to Chengdu last month.
A.move B. moved C.will move D.are moving
3.Did you ________ to the supermarket ________ Sunday morning
A. go; in B. went; on C. go; at D. go; on
4.—________ did Tim play with after school
—Jack. He's Tim's best friend.
A. How B. What C. Who D. Why
5.—Did you have a relaxing time yesterday
—Yes. I ________ a kite in the park with my best friends.
A. fly B. flew C. flied D.flies
6.—When ________ you visit the History Museum
—A week ago.
A. does B. do C. did D. were
7.—How was your weekend, David
—I ________ to the park with my cousin.
A. go B. went C. will go D. am going
8.—Where is your mother
—Sorry, I don t know. But she ________ at home ten minutes ago.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
9.—________
—She was tall and thin.
A. What was your first teacher look like B. What did your first teacher look like
C. What is your first teacher look like D. What does your first teacher like
10.The little girl often ________ flowers in the forest when she was young.
A. picks B. picked C. is picking D. will pick
二、语法填空
It was sunny yesterday. We 1.________ (go) to the South Lake Park to have a picnic(野餐).We 2.________ (take) a bus at 8: 00 a.m. and 3.________ (arrive) there at 9:00.We 4.________ (bring) some delicious food and 5.________ (eat) under a big tree. Then we 6.________ (sing) and 7.________ (play) games. We 8.________ (have) great fun. We went back at 4: 00 p. m. and 9.________ (get) home at 5:00. It 10.________ (be) a really happy day.
三、按要求完成句子，每空一词
1.I bought a smartphone yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)
___________ ___________ ___________ a smartphone yesterday
2.There were about nine hundred people in the meeting hall.(对画线部分提问)
___________ ___________ people ___________ ___________ in the meeting hall
3.Her brother was in the park just now.(对画线部分提问)
___________ ___________ her brother just now
4.She went to the cinema with her friends on Friday evening.(对画线部分提问)
___________ ___________ she ___________ to the cinema with on Friday evening
5.Wang Hai went camping in the mountain yesterday evening.(对画线部分提问)
___________ ___________ Wang Hai ___________ in the mountain yesterday evening
6.Does your mother watch TV every evening (用last night替换every evening改写句子)
___________ your mother ___________ TV last night
7.Berry’s sister helped her mother to make breakfast.(对画线部分提问)
___________ ___________ Berry's sister ___________ to make breakfast
8.My father went fishing by a lake last week.(对画线部分提问)
___________ ___________ your father ___________ fishing last week
四、根据短文内容，判断正误(正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”)
On a farm lived a father and a son.The father always got up early and read books by the stove(炉子).One morning, the son came up to him and said, “Dad, I read books at night but forget most of them the next morning.What's the good of reading ”
The father didn't reply(回答) to his question at once(立即).He passed him a basket that was used to carry coal.He said, “Get some water from the river with the basket and then I'll tell you the answer.”
The son felt surprised but he did as his father said.He tried many times but every time the water leaked (漏掉) from the basket.
An hour later, the son came back with the empty basket and told his father it was impossible to hold water with the basket.The father said with a smile, “Yes, you are right, my son.The basket can't hold water.But did you notice the basket was different ”The son found the dirty basket had become clean.The father continued, “Reading is like holding water with the basket.Although we can't remember all we read, we have changed while reading.”
( )1. The father was used to reading in the morning.
( )2. The son wondered if reading was good for him.
( )3. The father didn't answer his son's question because he thought it was stupid.
( )4. The basket had no difference after the son used it to get water from the river.
( )5. From the passage, we know that reading can make a difference to a person.
五、书面表达
请你根据下面的内容提示写一篇不少于60词的短文，介绍你是如何度过上个周末的。内容提示如下：
1.天气：晴朗，微风。
2.活动：周六上午做作业；周六下午和朋友打排球。周日上午制作一个风筝；周日下午和妈妈一起逛街购物；晚上为考试做准备。
3.感受：繁忙而快乐。
要求：1.语句通顺、语意连贯、语法正确；
2.包含所给提示，并可适当发挥。
参考词汇：sunny；windy；do(one's)homework；volleyball；kite；go shopping；test；busy
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