2024年中考英语专项训练——动词的语态（主动、被动语态）（含答案）

中考英语语法专项——动词的语态（主动、被动语态）
考点一 被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成。be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。如：
He was heard to sing in his room.
有人听到他在他的房间里唱歌。
Football is enjoyed by people all over the world.
全世界的人们都喜欢足球。
考点二 主动语态、被动语态的时态
各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表(以动词do 为例)
时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时 did was/were+done He made the kite. The kite was made by him.
现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are +being done She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered by her.
现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim.
一般将求时 will/shall/be going will/shall/be going to They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by
含有情态动词 can/may/ must+do can/may/ must+be done I can find him. He can be found by me.
考点三被动语态的用法
被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：
不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：
The large stones were put together in a certain way.
这些大石头按一定的方式堆放在一起。(人教9-8)
Stonehenge was built slowly over a long period of time.
巨石阵建造很慢，用了很长一段时间。(人教9-8)
——What’s this shirt made of
——这件衬衣是什么做的
——I know. It is made of cotton.
—我知道，它是用棉花做的。(牛津7A-6)
没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如：
The piece which was played on the erhu especially moved me.用二胡演奏的那首曲子使我特别感动。(人教9-9)
More trees must be planted every year.
每年都必须种更多的树。
Liu Xiang was encouraged at first to train as a high jumper.
刘翔一开始被鼓励作为跳高运动员来训练。(外研9A-3)
需要强调或突出动作的承受者。如：
The music was written by Abing, a folk musician who was born in the city of Wuxi in 1893.
这个曲子是阿炳写的，他是一位民间音乐家，1893年出生在无锡市。(人教9-9)
Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain.
许多人认为鲨鱼永远不会受到威胁，因为它们是它们的食物链中最强大的。(人教9-13)
English is spoken as the first language in America.
在美国，英语被作为第一语言来使用。
真题链接
1.(2016 天津,35) Paper first about2,000 years ago in China.
A. is;creating B. is;created C. has;created D. was;created
答案解析D
句意：纸大约2，000年前在中国被首次造成。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语about 2,000 years ago 可知,此处应用一般过去时；paper 应是“被造”，故用被动语态。故选
2.(2023 重庆) Students do less homework now.Usually it before 9 o’clock in the evening.
A. Finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished
答案解析C
句意：现在学生作业少了。通常晚上九点之前就能做完作业。本题考查动词的时态和语态。句中 it指代作业，为不可数名词，且与谓语动词“完成”构成被动关系。又由 usually 可知应用一般现在时。故选 C。
3.(2021 河北) Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting.
A. praises B. praised C. is praised D. was praised
答案解析D
句意：埃米莉很高兴，在那次会议上她因为她的诚实受到了表扬。本题考查动词的被动语态。she 和 praise 之间是被动关系。由 at that meeting可知，从句应用一般过去时。根据句意可知选 D。
4.( 2022 河南 ) We are going to take the high-speed train to Xi'an tomorrow, so an early arrival at the station .
A. advises B. is advised C. is advising D. was advised
答案解析B
句意：我们明天将乘坐高铁去西安，所以建议大家早点到车站。本题考查动词的被动语态。根据语境可知，设空处用一般现在时的被动语态,故选 B 项。
5.(2022 安徽) When the baby dog , it was very hungry. So we gave it some food.
A. is found B. was found C. has been found D. will be found
答案解析B
句意：当这只小狗被发现的时候，它很饿。因此我们喂了它一些食物。本题考查动词的时态和语态。由 dog 和谓语动词find之间是被动关系可知应用被动语态，又根据主句it was very hungry 可知从句应用一般过去时的被动语态，即“was/were+动词过去分词”,故答案为B项。
6.(2022陕西) Football to our school subjects last year.
A.is added B.adds C.was added D.added
答案解析
C 句意:去年足球被加入到我们学校的学科中了。本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。由句意可知主语和谓语之间是被动关系,故应用被动语态;又由题干中的last year可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案为C项。
7.(2016广东,42)He Jiang to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
A.invites B.invited C.is invited D.was invited
答案解析
D 句意：何江上个月被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业仪式上做了演讲。本题考查被动语态。由主语He Jiang 和谓语动词 invite 之间是被动关系可知应用被动语态；又根据题干中的last month 可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案为D 项。
8.(2016 宁夏,34)—Can I move into the new room ——No, you can't. It soon.
A. is painted B. will paint C. will be painted D. was painted
答案解析C
句意：——我能搬到新房间吗 ——不，你不能。它马上要被粉刷了。本题考查动词的时态和语态。房间应是被粉刷，要用被动语态，排除B。根据 soon“不久以后”可知要用将来时，故选 C。
9.(2016 吉林,37) Rice by hand in many countries, such as China and India.
A. grows B. is grown C. grew
答案解析B
句意：水稻在例如中国和印度的许多国家，是被手工种植的。本题考查被动语态。本句话主语为 rice，是动作的承受者，故用被动语态，故选B
10.(2016福建福州,33)—When is the 31st Olympic Games —It in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil in August,2016.
A.held B.is held C.will be held
答案解析C
句意：——第 31 届奥运会什么时候举行 ——2016年8月将在巴西的里约热内卢举行。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知奥运会将会被举行，因此应用一般将来时的被动语态，故选 C。
强化训练
( )1. (2023·鞍山) -The traffic is more convenient than before.-Yes. Another bridge over this river last year.
A. is built B . was built C . builds D . will he built
( )2 . (2023 阜新)—Wow,2023 Friendship Forest Tree Planting Activity was a great success!—Yes. I knew many trees for a better environment.
A . plant B . were planted C . planted D . are planted
( )3 . ( 2023 甘南州 ) Few students could understand the sentence until it by Miss Chen.
A . explaining B . was explained C . was explaining
( )4. (2023·大连) The Qatar World Cup from November 21 to December 18 last year.
A . holds B . held C . was held D . is held
( )5. (2023 镇江) When I was a pupil , some of my pocket money to buy comic books.
A . use B . is used C . used D. was used
( )6. ( 2023·乐山 )——Who's the little girl in the photo —It's me. The photo when I was five years old.
A. took B . was taken C . is taken
( )7. (2023 呼和浩特 )—Did you enjoy the party last night —Yes , we well by our hosts.
A . treated B . treat C . were treated D . are treated
( )8 . ( 2023 莱西市) Modern technologies at the opening ceremony of the Asian Games in2023.
A . were using B . will be used C . are using D . were used
( )9. ( 2023 成县一模 ) A lot of trees in the park last year.
A . plant B . are planted C . were planted D . will plant
( )10 . ( 2023 泸县校级三模) Yuan Longping , the father of hybrid rice , with the other 41 great people , the Medal of the Republic (共和国勋章) by President Xi Jinping on Sept.17, 2019.
A . was presented with B. had presented to
C . were presented to D . has presented with
( )11. (2023秋 长安区期末) Mary to the party. She went to the concert with her sister instead.
A . invited B . was invited C . didn't invite D . wasn't invited
( )12. (2024 富顺县一模) Paper first about two thousand years ago by Cai Lun.
A . was ; invented B . is ; invented C . has ; invented
( )13. (2023 株洲一模) The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot since it .
A . invented B . is invented C . was invented
( )14. (2024 二道区一模 ) The sci-fi novel The Space-Time Painter by Hai Ya. It helps the Chinese writer win an international prize.
A . was written B . will be written C . has written D. written
二.用所给单词正确形式填空(共2小题)
15 . ( 2023春 姑苏区校级月考 ) When she came several days later , she found that all things still ( lie)where she had laid them.
16 . ( 2021秋 句容市校级月考 ) He ( wound ) with some stones just now.
17 . ( 2022春 无锡期中 ) In 2012 London Olympic Games , the Chinese National team got 38 gold medals ,20.5% of which ( win ) by women .
答案
1-5 BBBCD 6-10BCDCA 11-14DACA
15 .lay 16. was wounded 17 . were won