2024年牛津译林版中考英语必考时态精讲+练习（含答案）

中考必考时态精讲+练习（含答案）
一、一般现在时
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:always, usually, often，sometimes, every week （day, year， month…）, once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
含be动词的一般现在时结构:
肯定句: 主语+ be+ 其它。
否定句: 主语+ be+ not + 其它.
一般问句： Be+主语+ 其它？
特殊疑问句：（特殊疑问词+一般疑问句） 特殊疑问词+be+主语+其它？
含实义动词的一般现在时结构：
肯定句：主语+动词原形/动词三单形式+其它。
否定句：主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+其它。
一般问句： Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其它
特殊疑问句:（特殊疑问词+一般疑问句） 特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+其它？
动词三单形式的变化规则：
大多数动词直接+s
以s, sh，ch，x, o结尾的动词+es
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i+ es
二、一般过去时
概念: 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常和表示过去的时间状语连用.如:last year, yesterday等; 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often， always等频率副词连用。例如：
　　①I saw him in the street yesterday。 昨天我在街上看见他了.
　　②Li Mei always went to school on foot last year。 去年李梅总是步行上学.
II. 一般过去时的构成
谓语动词为be动词的一般过去时的构成同谓语动词为be动词的一般现在时构成一样，只需把am，is，are变为was, were
　　我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。
　　动词过去式的构成：
　(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：
　①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look—looked。
　②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加—ed。如：live-lived。
　③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母，再加—ed.如：stop-stopped。
　④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study—studied。
　（2）不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am（is）—was, are—were, go—went, take-took, have (has）—had等。
　III. 一般过去时的几种句型
肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：
否定句结构为：主语+did not （didn’t)+动词原形+其它。
　　一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语＋动词原形＋其它 如：
　　1) —Did you go to Beijing last week -Yes, we did. (No, we didn’t。）
　　　　一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词＋did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？如:
1) —What did you do last night？ -I did my homework.
三、现在进行时（ 定义：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情。）
构成:现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+ v.ing〔现在分词〕形式 　　
肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 　　
否定句：主语+be（is/am/are)+not+现在分词 　　
一般疑问句：be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 　
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth？
变化规则
直接+ ing (例：sleep+ing sleeping) 　　
去掉不发音的e+ing（例:biting，leaving，making, coming, writing. ）　　
注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉,也直接加ing. 例如：see —seeing/agree — agreeing 。 　
3. 以ie结尾变ie为y+ing （例:die—dying lie-lying）
4. 对于重读闭音节词，双写末尾字母再加ing。 例如：sitting, beginning, getting, putting, 　　 　　run - running，stop - stopping ，cut - cutting ，control - controlling
基本用法：
A.表示现在（指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例：We are waiting for you。 　　
B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 　　
例: Mr. Green is writing another novel. 　　(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) 　　
例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 　　
C。已经确定或安排好的将来活动。 　　I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） 　　
时间状语, 常用的有：now， this week, at this moment 等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如:It's 6：30 now. I am getting up. 现在是6：30.我正在起床。
They are playing basketball now。现在他们正在打篮球.
Listen！ She is singing an English song。听,她正在唱英语歌.　
四、过去进行时(定义:表示过去某时正在进行的动作（不强调是否完成)。
结构
1.肯定句=主语（I/you/he/she/It/they/we）+was/were+ doing+其它 　　
例如: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。 　　
2.否定句=主语（I/you/he/she/It/they/we）+was/were+ not+ doing+其它 　
例如： This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电视，而是在修理自行车 　
3. 一般疑问句及答语=Was/Were+主语（You/he/she/they/we）+doing+其它 答语：Yes，I was. /No, I wasn’t.　　
例如： Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon？ 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗
4。特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它
五、一般将来时
句型
1.肯定句：主语+shall /will+动词+其他成份
　The workers will build a new school here next year.工人们明年将在这儿盖一所新学校。
　　We shall be there before dark。 我们天黑前会到达那里.
2。否定句：主语+shall /will+not+动词+其他成份
　She won’t come back this week。这一周她不回来了。
3.疑问句：shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份
　Will you be back in ten minutes 十分钟后你会回来吗
　Will you please open the window 请你打开窗户好吗？
　Shall we get something hot to drink？ 我们喝一些热饮怎么样
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份
　Where will you go next week 下星期你去哪
　What shall I do？我怎么办呢
六、现在完成时：
基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（pp)（V-ed） e。g done 　　
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(pp）（V—ed）+宾语。 　　
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词（pp)(V—ed）+宾语. 　　
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（pp)（V-ed）+宾语。 　
肯定回答：Yes，主语+have/has. 　　否定回答:No,主语+haven't/hasn’t . 　　
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed）+其他)
用法:1.常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。
①for+时段 为…时间 　　
②since+过去一个时间点（译为:自从……以来） 　
③since+时段+ago 　　
④since+从句（过去时) 　　
⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时） 　
标志词：already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before， recently，ever，never，...times(次数).
短暂性动词改为延续性动词：
buy--have(has） had， borrow——have(has) kept,
arrive-—have（has） been in/at, leave--have（has) been away，
join-—have(has) been in/a member of, die——have（has）been dead，
get married--have（has） been married， come/go—-have(has） been in/at，
begin/start--have（has） been on, stop—-have(has)been over
专项练习
一、单项选择
1. —May I speak to Mr Wang —Sorry. He______ a speech now. Please call later.
A. gives B. gave C. will give D. is giving
2. I know a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago.
A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went
3. —Where were you last Saturday —I ____ in the Capital Museum.
A. am B. will be C. was D. have been
4. —Shall we go out for a swim —Sorry, I can’t. I ______ housework for my mother now.
A. am doing B. is doing C. are doing D. did
5. —Excuse me，look at the sign NO PHOTOS! —Sorry, I ________it.
A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see
6.—Where is your English teacher I’m looking for him everywhere.
—He _____ the Internet in the computer room.
A. will search B. has searched C. searched D. is searching
7. ---Hey, Tom. Let's go swimming. ---Just a moment. I______ a message.
A. send B. sent C. am sending D. have sent
8. ---Bob has gone to California. --- Oh, can you tell me when he ________
A. has left B. left C.is leaving D. leaves
9. Tom wants to be a singer and he_____ singing lessons to do it.
A. took B. has taken C. is taking D. was taking.
10. 一I’ve not finished my project yet. 一Hurry up! Our friends _______ for us.
A. wait B. are waiting C. will wait D．have waited
11. —What’s the noise, Bill —Sorry, I _______ my glass.
A. break B. broke C. will break D. am breaking
12.---Please turn off the TV. The baby _______. ----OK. I’ll go out for a walk.
A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. will sleep
答案：DDCAB; DCBCB; BC
1. We have no more vegetables in the fridge. I_________ and buy some.
A. go B. went C. will go D. was going
2. —Mr Li, let’s go fishing if it is fine this weekend, shall we
—I’d love to. But nobody knows if it _______.
A. is raining B. rains C. will rain D. has rained
3. If the robot _________ wrong, you can get a new one for free or get all your money back.
A. went B. goes C. would go D. will go
4. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
5. What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow
A. will B. shall C. do D. are
6. ---- What would you do if it ______ tomorrow
---- We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.
A. is raining B. rains C. will rain D. rain
7. —Do you know if he________ to play football with us
—I think he will come if he _________ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be
8. If Bob ______ away from the junk food, he will be in good health.
A. stay B. will stay C. stays D. stayed
答案：CCBB;BBCC
二、填空
1. I don’t know the time because I _________ my watch . (lose )
2. I saw a boy ______ the book and give it to the headmaster . (pick)
3. We should encourage the students ______ more reading as a teacher . (do)
4. When I came in , they _______ . (read)
5. Oh , I’m sorry I forgot _____ it back to you . (give )
6. I _____ it on Lin Tao’ desk five minutes ago . (see)
7. Why not ______ Jim He may know the answer . (ask)
8. The book is so interesting that it makes me ______ all day . (read)
9. The next day Mrs Green ______ to the librarian to borrow some books . (go)
10. I ______ to eat eggs and bread every morning . (use)
11. My sister ________ her homework yesterday .(not do)
12. A: Where is my dictionary B: Li Ping ________ it away . (take )
13. He will be a worker after he _______ middle school .(finish )
14. By the time I was thirty , I ________ English for about five years . (learn)
15. Mike _______ over twenty books of stamps so far . (collect)
16. Surfing looks exciting , but don’t know how _______ . (surf)
17. No one ________ before in our class . (canoe)
18. So far we students _______ about two thousand English words . (learn)
19. A big crowd of people ________ for him on the beach at that time . (wait)
20. The largest number of people ________ English in the world . (speak)
21.Write a short report about your friend _______ on the questionnaire . (base)
22. This is a book ________ by Henry . (write )
23. I think we should do something useful ____________ our environment . (improve )
24. Has anyone ______ in the library It’s too bad . (spit)
25. It’s a long time since Jack ______ to me . (write )
26. My uncle __________ surfing since eighteen years ago . (learn)
27. The meeting _________ yet . It will begin in a few minutes .(not begin)
28. When I _______ the cooking , I am going to borrow some magazines from
the library . (do)
29. Don’t forget _______ me the time . I’d like to join you . (tell)
30. He has gone with his group out of city _______ trees . (plant )
31. There is a small bookshop _______ all kinds of books . (sell)
32. He told us that you _______ on a trip soon . (go)
33. Some girls usually spend a lot of time ______ TV plays . (watch)
34. If you want to improve your English , keep ______ reading it . (practise)
35. What is the least expensive way ______ (travel)
36. The geography teacher told us that the earth _______ round the sun . (go)
37. I will show it to you as soon as your photo _______ out . (come )
38. His train ride seemed ______ very short . (be)
39. Unless it rains tomorrow , we _______ some long running . (do)
40. It is better _______ some food before you get on the train . (get)
答案：1-5 have lost , pick , to do , were reading , to give , 6-10 saw , ask , read , went , used , 11-15 didn’t do , has taken , finishes , had learned , has collected , 16-20 to surf , has canoed , have learned , were waiting , speak . 21-25 based , written , to improve , spit/spat , wrote , 26-30 has learned , hasn’t begun , have done , to tell , to plant , 31-35 selling , would go , watching , practicing , to travel , 36-40 goes , comes , to be , will do , to get
1. Don’t worry about your boy too much. His temperature ________(drop) back to normal if he takes this medicine.
2. If Simon_________________ (have) time next weekend, he will go to the zoo.
3. I often_____________（buy）gifts for my parents on their birthdays.
4. Sound __________ (travel) through air at a speed of about 340 metres per second.
5. Our notebook computer ______ 5 pounds and costs about $2,000.（weigh）
6. My grandpa always________ (watch) sports news if he is free.
7. ---“I need some paper.” ----“I _______(bring) some for you.
8. I am afraid there _______(be) a meeting tomorrow. I can’t join you.
9. If it _______ (rain), we won’t swimming.
答案：will drop; has; buy; travels; weighs; watches; will bring; will be/is going to be; rains.