2024年中考英语阅读理解（六）课件(共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
中考英语专项
阅读理解（六）
题型分析
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从题型特点入手：首先，可以分析中考英语阅读理解题型的常见特点，包括文章体裁、题目类型、难度分布等。然后，探讨这些特点对学生在答题过程中可能产生的挑战和应对策略。
技巧与策略：针对阅读理解题，介绍一些有效的答题技巧和策略，如快速定位关键信息、推断作者意图、理解文章主旨等。同时，分享一些提高阅读速度和准确率的实用方法。
题型解析与示例：对中考英语阅读理解中的常见题型进行详细解析，如事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题等。结合具体示例，说明每种题型的答题技巧，帮助学生更好地理解和应用。
跨文化理解与素养提升：中考英语阅读理解往往涉及跨文化元素，因此可以从跨文化理解的角度展开写作。探讨如何在阅读理解中提升跨文化素养，如理解不同文化背景下的思维模式、价值观念等。
典型错误与原因分析：分析学生在解答中考英语阅读理解题时常见的错误类型，如理解偏差、信息遗漏等。同时，
针对这些错误，分析可能的原因，并提出相应的改进建议。
应试心理与调节：中考是一个重要的考试，学生在应试过程中可能会产生紧张、焦虑等情绪。因此，可以从应试心理的角度展开写作，分享一些调节情绪、保持冷静的方法，帮助学生在考试中发挥出最佳水平。
课外阅读与积累：强调课外阅读在提高中考英语阅读理解能力方面的重要性。分享一些适合初中生阅读的英文材料，并介绍如何通过阅读积累词汇、提升语感、拓展视野。
创新题型与趋势分析：随着教育改革的不断深入，中考英语阅读理解题型也在不断创新。可以从趋势分析的角度展开写作，探讨近年来中考英语阅读理解题型的变化及未来可能的发展趋势。
中考阅读重点考查六种技能：
1）理解主旨和要义
2）理解文章中的具体信息（含图文转换）
3）根据上下文推测生词/句子/指代关系
4）进行简单的判断和推理
5）理解文章的基本结构
6）理解作者的意图和态度
下面就中考中常见的阅读理解题型谈谈解题技巧
1. 事实细节题
通过阅读短文, 可以直接从阅读材料中找到这类问题的答案, 常考查的方面有事件发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、过程、结局、人物之间的关系、事件之间的关系、词和句的含义等。事实细节题设题手段单一，常常针对文章中某个容易误解的关键词句或概念，通过移花接木的手段组成是非辨别选择题，难度较小，属浅层理解题。
事实细节题题干常见的提问形式：
1)是非判断类型Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
Which of the following statements is （Not）True
2)特殊疑问词提问类型How many……
What/who/when/where/how/why……
3)排序题类型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage
4)例证题类型The author gives the example in……paragraph in order to ……
事实细节题的解题方法：
做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处(信息源)，仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。
是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。
例证题一定要注意以for example……，such as……等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有most (最高级)、the only(唯一)、all(所有)、none(全否)修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。
特别注意：近几年中考命题中，事实细节题的选项也并非可以直接在文本中可以找到一模一样的答案，大多是根据意思来分析，需要语言转换、重组、简单概括或简单推断等。
句义理解题
句子理解题也叫同义转换题，它主要通过同义转换的方式来考察考生对阅读材料中一些关键词句是如何理解的，试题通过句型转换对短文原句释义，难度可大可小，属于理解题，尤其是在特定语境下对该句子的理解。此类题在近年中考阅读理解题中屡见不鲜，我们重点是应该基于前后的语境，分析该语境的连贯意思。如果是较复杂的句子结构，则首先需要分析该句子结构，再基于语境理解其意。另外，特别需要分析4个选项所表达的意思，分析其侧重点、不同之处，清晰理解他们的意思，再对照文章语境下那个考察句子，哪个选项所表达的意思跟文章那个句子意思一样的。
分析判断题
分析判断题要求考生在充分理解短文内容的基础上，对文章的结构特点进行分析，以掌握全篇的逻辑关系。此类题一般都属于难度题，做这类题目时首先要研究文章着重说明什么问题，表达什么观点，这是文章的主题。其次要分析作者运用什么样的情节，故事来表达主题，这为文章的中心大意。另外还应注意作者是如何展开故事情节的，运用的是什么写作方法以及最后是如何得出结论的，这为文章的写作结构和手法。分析判断题一定要基于文章的主题意义、写作意图、作者的观点态度以及文章的结构和写作手法等方面进行分析判断。
真题实例
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is a wonderful place to visit. Every year, over one million people visit Hawai Volcanoes National Park. There are two of the world’s most amazing volcanoes (火山) in it. One is among the most active volcanoes on the earth, the other is one of the biggest mountains on the earth. Both of them are active volcanoes. Every day, on the island of Hawali, lava (熔岩) comes out slowly from a volcano on the edge (边缘) of the ocean. When the lava cools, it turns into rock and makes this island a little bigger. Visitors can see the land change before their eyes. There are many interesting things to do in the park. It has lava tubes (隧道) that go to the sea. They are so big that visitors can walk through them. You can drive along a volcano or walk more than 150 miles (241 km) of trails (路径). Biking along the volcano’s paths and camping in the rainforest are also good choices.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is home to wildlife. There are hundreds of protected animals, such as turtles, bats, insects, and many kinds of birds. The park also has many protected plants and trees. Almost all of its plants are found only in Hawail. Many plants have lived in and around the volcanoes for years. Enjoy — but watch your step! It’s almost impossible to know when a volcano will erupt (喷发). However, when the volcanoes possibly erupt, parts of the park close. This special park is never quiet for long.
26. In the park, visitors can ________.①drive through lava tubes ②walk more than 150 miles of trails③bike along the volcano’s paths ④camp in the rainforestA. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①③④27. Which statement is NOT right A. Visitors can show lava makes the island bigger.B. There are many protected animals in the park.C. Almost all of the plants in the park only grow in Hawaii.D. The whole park will be closed if the volcanoes erupt.28. What does the underlined sentence mean A. The visitors are noisy. B. Animals are everywhere.C. The volcanoes often erupt. D. Too many cars are in the park.29. The author wrote the passage mainly to ________.A. tell people the volcanoes in Hawaii Volcanoes National ParkB. introduce what people can do in Hawaii Volcanoes National ParkC. tell people the wildlife of Hawaii Volcanoes National ParkD. give an introduction to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park30. The passage is probably from ________.A. a novel B. a magazine C. a storybook D. an advertisement (广告)
【答案】26. B 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. B【解析】【导语】本文主要向大家介绍了夏威夷火山国家公园。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“They are so big that visitors can walk through them. You can drive along a volcano or walk more than 150 miles (241 km) of trails. Biking along the volcano’s paths and camping in the rainforest are also good choices.”可知游客能够走150多英里的小路，沿着火山的小径骑自行车，也可以在雨林露营。故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“However, when the volcanoes possibly erupt, parts of the park close.”可知如果火山爆发，公园会关闭一部分，并非整个公园都要关闭。故选D。
【28题详解】句意猜测题。根据“It’s almost impossible to know when a volcano will erupt. ... This special park is never quiet for long.”可知字面意思是“这个特别的公园从来不会安静太久”，结合上文讲到不可能知道火山爆发的时间，由此推出含义是火山经常喷发。故选C。【29题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要向大家介绍了夏威夷火山国家公园，这也是作者写这篇文章的目的。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。本文主要向大家介绍了夏威夷火山国家公园，可能出现在一本杂志上。故选B。
Can you imagine a school with only one student There is one on the Out Skerries Islands, and Aron is the only student. The Out Skerries Islands, which are around 280 km from the coast of Scotland, are home to about 70 people. The nearest town is Lerwick on the Shetland Islands. You can only get there by boat and it takes two and a half hours. Besides Aron’s school, there are also two shops, a church and a community hall on the islands. Aron wasn’t the only student at the school at first. Until July there were several other children there. But now they are older, so they go to the secondary school in Lerwick. Aren has been the only student since September.
The school is very small. It has two classrooms, an art room, a music room and a library. Each week Aron studies Maths, English, Science and Art with the same teacher. She also gives him PE lessons. This is usually a long walk around the islands. He also has the school playground all to himself. Of course, there is one problem. He has no one to play with. Aron has lived in Out Skerries since he was born and loves the outdoor life. He enjoys exploring (探险) the islands on his bike and jumping into the sea from the pier (突堤).But his mother is worried that Aron might get lonely. She would like to see more families with children coming to live there. Many people have moved away since the local factory closed ten years ago. That’s why there are so few children on the islands and why Aron has found himself being known as the loneliest schoolboy in Britain.
16. What is NOT true about the Out Series Islands
A. There is a secondary school. B. There are less than 100 people.
C. They are far from the coast of Scotland. D. There was a factory 10 years ago.
17. What can we learn about Aron’s school
A. It has many classrooms. B. There are several students.
C. It probably has only one teacher. D. Four subjects are taught in the school.
18. In his PE class, Aron usually ________.
A. walks around the islands B. plays on the playground
C. explores the islands on his bike D. jumps into the sea from the pier
19. What do you think Aron is probably learning at his school
A Everyone is different and that’s a good thing.
B. Teamwork is important to achieve things in life.
C. It is important to know how to spend time alone.
D. It’s good to learn how to get on with people of different ages.
20. What is the passage mainly about
A. The smallest school in Britain. B. The loneliest schoolboy in Britain.
C. Aron’s colorful life on the islands. D. Mom’s worries about Aron’s future.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. B【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了外斯克里群岛只有一个学生的学校，讲述了这种情况的原因，以及这位家长对孩子的担心。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“But now they are older, so they go to the secondary school in Lerwick.”可知，中学在勒威克，而不是在外斯克里群岛，故选A。【17题详解】推理判断题。根据“Each week Aron studies Maths, English, Science and Art with the same teacher.”可知，每周都跟同一个老师学习数学、英语、科学和艺术，由此可知这个学校可能只有一名老师，故选C。
【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“She also gives him PE lessons. This is usually a long walk around the islands.”可知，在体育课上，艾伦通常会绕着岛屿散步，故选A。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据“But his mother is worried that Aron might get lonely.”及“That’s why there are so few children on the islands and why Aron has found himself being known as the loneliest schoolboy in Britain.”可知，艾伦是学校唯一一个学生，所以会感到孤单，所以他可能在学校要学着如何独处，故选C。【20题详解】主旨大意题。根据“That’s why there are so few children on the islands and why Aron has found himself being known as the loneliest schoolboy in Britain.”及全文的描述可知，本文主要讲述了外斯克里群岛只有一个学生的学校，讲述了这种情况的原因，以及这位家长对孩子的担心，“英国最孤独的男生”最能概括本文的主旨大意，故选B。
Dads have Father’s Day. Moms have Mother’s Day. Kids have Children’s Day. But, do our grandparents have a special holiday Yes, they do!The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China. The festival is on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. As the Chinese word for nine has the same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show their wishes of long life for elderly people.There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, families get together and climb mountains for luck and in the hope that elderly people will live much longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant called zhuyu to celebrate it. Both chrysanthemum and zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean houses and cure (治疗) diseases.
Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an older person enters a room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces them from the oldest to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older person, two hands are used. On a crowded subway or bus, younger people always offer their seats to elderly people.It is a traditional virtue (美德) in China to respect elderly people. That’s because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So, Chinese people are proud of being old. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow.
31. The Double Ninth Festival is a celebration for ________.A. fathers B. mothers C. children D. elderly people32. Which of the following may NOT be a tradition for the Double Ninth Festival A. Cleaning houses. B. Wearing the plant zhuyu.C. Drinking chrysanthemum wine. D. Families climbing mountains together.33. What is Paragraph 4 about A. Why we should respect elderly people.B. Traditional ways of celebrating the festival.C. What young people usually do on this festival.D. Examples of respecting elderly people in daily life.
34. Which is NOT the correct way to respect elderly people A. We should offer seats to the old while taking a bus.B. We should sit straight when the old come into a room.C. We should use double hands to present things to the old.D. We should introduce the oldest person first while eating at the table.35. Why are Chinese people proud of being old A. It means they don’t have to work for others.B. It means they have more virtues than others.C. It means they have knowledge and experience.D. It means what they did in the past was meaningful.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了重阳节，列举了一些人们在日常生活中尊重老年人的例子，并讲述了尊重老年人是中华民族的一种传统美德。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据“The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China”可知，重阳节是为老年人庆祝的节日。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据“families get together and climb mountains”以及“They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant called zhuyu”可知在重阳节这天，家人聚在一起爬山，喝菊花酒并佩戴一种名为“茱萸”的植物；选项A没有提到。故选A。
【33题详解】
段落大意题。根据第四段“Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life”可知，第四段主要是一些人们在日常生活中尊重老年人的例子。故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“when an older person enters a room, everyone stands up”可知当一个老年人走进房间时，每个人都站起来；选项B表示有误。故选B。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据“That’s because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So, Chinese people are proud of being old”可知，中国人知道老年人有见识与经历，所以，中国人以年老荣。故选C。
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