Unit 1 Know yourself暑假预习讲义（含解析）2024-2025学年牛津译林版九年级英语上册
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暑假预习——Unit 1 Know yourself
知识点
Welcome to the unit
1. It says some people are generous. 它（文章）说一些人是很慷慨的。
The notice says "Keep Quiet "
The book doesn't say where he was born.
2. It makes them feel good to share things with others. 与他人分享东西使他们感觉良好.
(1)make用法
make sb. do sth.
make sb. +adj.
Who made the little girl cry
The news made me very happy.
We made him our monitor.
(2)feel 的用法，（felt，felt）系动词：feel +______.
I feel sorry for him.
3. Hobo, you've eaten up my breakfast! 霍波，你把我的早饭吃光了。
eat up 意为“吃光，吃完”，可单独使用，也可接某物做宾语。名词做宾语时放在up 前后均可，但代词做宾语时，必须放在eat 和up之间。
Eat up, We will go out soon.
Eat up all your food. =Eat all your food up.
The noodles are delicious. Eat them up.
4.Suzy is well organized. She keeps all her things in good order. 苏西很有条理。 他将所有的东西都整理得有条不紊
(1)organized adj. ____________
organize 动词，意为“______”
organization 名词，意为“______”
I agreed to help organize the company picnic.
They have established a student organization.
(2)order 名词，意为“______”
①相关短语：
in good order______
keep good order ______
in order that + 句子 ______
in order to do sth ______
②order 做动词，意为“______”
He ordered a new suit for himself.
He ordered us to leave the room quietly.
5. Daniel is very clever, but he is modest and never shows off.丹尼尔很聪明，但他很诚实并且从不炫耀。
show off ______，后面接名词、代词和从句，代词放中间。
Don't show it off here.
(2)show 的用法
show sb. sth = show sth to sb
show sb around some place
show sb the way to…/where …is/ how sb can get to…
show +that 从句……
show up
Your work shows that you are careful.
He showed up at last.
6. Yeah, I agree. 是的，我同意。
agree做不及物动词，意为“同意，赞同”，常与介词with/to/on等连用。
【辨析】agree with，agree to与agree on
agree with 同意 常用来表示同意某人的话、意见或看法等，其后接表示人的名词或代词。
agree to 同意，应允； 愿意，答应 通常用于对事，不用于对人，其后接表示事物的名词，如decision，idea，plan，opinion等。agree to后接动词原形，意为“愿意，答应”，并有愿意协助之意。
agree on 就……取得一致意见 宾语多为表示某件事或某个计划等的名词，不能是表示人的名词或代词。
7. as good as 和…几乎一样，简直是
(1) “A miss is as good as a mile.” “失之毫厘，谬以千里”。
(2) The model ship is as good as a real one. 这个轮船模型几乎和真的一样。
【注意】as good as 还可表示“和……一样好”。
I hope my book is as good as yours.
Reading
1. Wu Wei is a born artist. 吴伟是一个天生的艺术家。
born作形容词，意为“天生的”，be born with意为“天生具有...”，be born to do意为“天生适合做...”。
Wu Wei a good artistic sense.
Wu Wei an artist.
2. Wu Wei, the young artist, has impressed the whole country with his creative work.
吴伟，年轻的艺术家，以他的创作打动了全国。
impress作及物动词，意为“给...留下印象”。它的名词形式是 ，形容词形式为 。
impress...with...意为“给…留下…印象”，常用于被动。
The whole country his creative work.
【拓展】
impress on/upon 使铭记，使留下深刻印象
be impressed by/with 被…所感动；被…给予深刻印象
leave a deep impression on... 给...留下深刻印象
辨析：whole 与all
whole 通常修饰可数名词单数，一般不修饰不可数名词 位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格之后
all 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词 位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格之前
3. His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high praise from the art community.
他为阳光镇广场设计的雕塑赢得了艺术界的高度赞扬。
praise可作名词可作动词，意为“赞扬，表扬”，praise sb. for sth.意为“表扬某人某事”， win high praise from...意为“赢得...的高度赞扬”。
The art community has highly Wu Wei his sculptures.
4. I want to share the best art with people, so I’m always searching for something better or different.
我想与人分享最好的艺术，所以我总是在寻找更好或不同的东西。
so意为“因此，所以”，表示因果关系，可以与because相互转换。
, I’m always searching for something better or different.
be always doing sth. 意为“总是做某事”，always与进行时连用时，常表达说话人的某种情绪。
He was always asking his parents for money.
He is always lying.
search for意为“搜索，寻找”，相当于look for。
something better or different意为“更好或不同的东西”，形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词后面。
5. Su Ning gave up her job as an accountant five years ago and started to work for the sales department in a big company.苏宁五年前放弃了会计的工作，开始在一家大公司的销售部工作。
give up意为“放弃”，give up doing sth.相当于stop doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”。
work for意为“为…而工作，受雇于”，work as意为“担任...工作”work on意为“从事，致力于”。
I wouldn’t work for her again.
She worked as a model.
We started to work on the project in 2022.
6. Life is like a race. You either take the lead or fall behind. 生活就像一场赛跑。你要么领先，要么落后。
lead作名词，意为“领先地位，榜样”；作动词，意为“指引，引导，带领”。take the lead 意为“处于领先地位，独占鳌头”，take lead in doing sth.意为“在做某事上领先”。
lead to 导致
provide the leads for 为……提供线索
lose the lead 失去领先地位，落在后面
fall behind意为“落后”，如果用于现在完成时的肯定句，即出现for/since时,句中fall behind要变为be behind。
,since he was crazy about games.
自从汤姆对游戏着迷后，他就落在别人后面了。
7. I’m ready to take on new challenges any time. 我准备好随时接受新的挑战。
be ready to do sth相当于be prepared to do sth.意为“准备好做某事”，take on意为“承担，接受，从事”。
8. Liu Hao is the chief engineer of the high-speed railway connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin.
刘浩是连接阳光城和天津这段高速铁路的总工程师。
connect作及物动词，意为“连接”，connect to/with意为“与...相连，连接。”
connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin作 ，修饰 。动词的现在分词（短语）作定语时，表示主动的含义，通常指动作正在进行中。
站在窗前的那个男人是我们的老师。
9. A miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘，差之千里。
10. We can’t afford to make any mistakes. 我们不能犯任何错误。
afford作动词，意为“买得起，负担得起”，
afford (to do) sth.意为“承担得起（做）某事”，
can’t afford (to do) sth.意为“承担不起（做）某事”。
11. All of us know that it’s necessary to pay attention to every detail.我们都知道注意每个细节是必要的。
pay attention to意为“注意”，这里的to是一个介词，和look forward to用法一致，接动词要用动词ing形式。
pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做）某事
pay no/more/less attention to (doing) sth. 对.…置之不理/多关注/少关注某事
attract/catch one’s attention 吸引/抓住某人的注意力
It在本句中作形式主语
①It’s adj. (for sb.) to do sth. = to do sth. be adj. (for sb.)= sb. be adj. to do sth.
②It’s adj. (for sb.) not to do sth.= not to do sth. be adj. (for sb.)= sb. be adj. not to do sth.
③It’s+adj. that +从句
对我来说收到礼物是开心的。
=
=
=
不浪费食物是重要的。
=
12. As a doctor, you can’t be too careful. 作为一个医生，再怎么仔细也不为过。
can’t...too...意为“无论怎样…也不算过分，越…越好”。
当我们过马路的时候，我们怎么小心都不为过。
作为一个学生，你怎样努力都不过分。
有时也可用can never，impossible等与too连用来表示类似的意思。
A kid can never have too many toys.
It is impossible to get to school too soon.
13. She has devoted most of her time to her work. 她把她的大部分时间用于工作。
devote作及物动词，意为“把…贡献给；把…专用于”。devote... to (doing) sth.意为“把…用于…”，devote oneself to意为“献身于，致力于”。
He could only devote two hours to his study every day.
The nurse devotes herself to looking after patients.
他一生致力于教学。
四年来他致力于音乐。
Integrated skills & Study skills
1. It is you who shape your life and your future. 塑造你的生活和你的未来的人是你。
本句是强调句。强调句的结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who…”。
强调句通常强调句子的某一成分，it没有实际意义，只是引出被强调的部分。如果被强调的部分是表示人的词，引导词用that或who都可以；如果被强调的部分是其他成分，则用that。
It was Tom who/ that found the pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调the pen
强调in the classroom
一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out
特殊疑问句的强调句型：特殊疑问词+is/ was it that+其他成分。
Who was it that broke the window
2. Some people believe that people born under the same animal sign may have similar personalities. 有些人相信出生在同一生肖的人可能有相似的性格。
believe意为“相信，认为，信任”；常用短语believe in，意为“信任”。
The students in our class all believe in our English teacher.
3. In Western countries, a year is divided into a cycle of 12 star signs. 在西方国家，一年被分成12个星座的循环。
be divided into意为“被分成”，它的主动结构为divide...into…意为“把…分成…”。
A year is divided into four seasons.
4. Personality includes your thoughts,feelings and behaviours which make you different from other people. 个性包含了使你不同于他人的思想、情感和行为。
include为及物动词，意为“包含；包括”。
【辨析】include与including
include 动词，通常在句中做谓语 The cat family includes lions and tigers.
including 介词，后接名词，代词构成介词短语 Seven people in all, including a teacher, are flying to Paris.
语法点
U1语法：并列连词
并列连词and, but, or, so
我们可以用并联连词来连接单词、短语或句子，用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系或因果关系等。
(1)并列连词and意为“和，又”，表达并列关系；意为“然后”，表示动作的顺承，动作的先后发生。
Mike likes playing football and singing songs.
He went to market and bought some vegetables.
(2)并列连词but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。
My uncle bought me a watch, but I did not like it.
(3)并列连词or意为“或者”，表示选择关系；也可意为“否则”，用于“祈使句+or+简单句”中。
注意：在否定句中并列成分通常用or连接，而不用and。
Which do you like better, juice or coffee
Be careful, or you will lose you way!
I cannot speak Japanese or French.
(4)并列连词so意为“因此，所以”，表示因果关系，常用来连接两个简单句。
注意：并列连词so不能和从属连词because一起使用。
It began to rain, so we went home.
The dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat.
=Because the dog was hungry, we gave it something to eat.
【举一反三】
1.Kitty is kind, sometimes she is impatient.
2.Billy would not accept other’s advice think twice.
3.Judy is gentle, she never gets angry with others.
4.Suzy worries too much, she cannot sleep well sometimes.
并列连词both...and...，not only...but (also)...，either...or...，neither...nor...
我们用连词both...and..., not only...but (also)..., either...or..., neither...nor...连接两个句子的相同部分以避免重复。
(1) both...and...意为“…和…两者都；既…又…”。连接的两个成分在句中做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
He can both swim and skate.
Both she and I are good at English. 她和我都擅长英语。
(2) not only...but (also)...意为“不但…而且…，不仅...还有...”，其中also可以省略。
They speak English not only in class but also at home.
I not only heard it but (also) saw it.
当not only...but also... 连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循所谓的“就近原则”。
Not only the students but also Mr Li has lunch at school.
【not only...but also...和both...and...用法及区别】
①意义的区别：not only...but also... 意为“不仅...而且...”，both...and...意为“既...又...，两个都...”。
②用法的区别：not only...but also... 强调的是but also之后部分，后面的谓语要根据最近的主语而变化，遵循就近原则；both...and... 连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式，可以连接两个相同的部分。
my mother my sister watches football games these days.
Tom Jack have passed the exam.
(3) either...or... 意为“要么…要么…，或者…或者…；不是…就是…”，用于连接两个表示选择关系的词。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”。
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.
Either you or I am going there tomorrow.
如果把上句变成一般疑问句，助动词形式与主语you保持一致，所以用are提问，而不是用am.
(4) neither...nor... 意为“既不…也不…”，具有否定意义。当neither... nor... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数也应遵循“就近原则”。
It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.
Neither dad nor mum is at home today.
若将neither... nor...句型变为肯定句，只需把neither... nor...改为both... and...，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。
Both dad and mum are at home today.
【举一反三】
human beings animals can live without air.
my mum my grandma are good at cooking.They cook lunch for us.
my mum my grandma is good at cooking.They cook lunch for us.
You can’t have them both. You can choose the bike the toy car.
Unit 1 Know yourself
第一部分 选择题
一、单项选择(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)
1．— Who is _______ today？
— Tom. He is ill and stays at home.
A．curious B．absent C．energetic D．loyal
2．He always studies hard and is afraid of .
A．making a speech B．taking the lead
C．falling behind D．giving up
3．_______ he _______ I were praised by the teacher in the class meeting yesterday.
A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．Not only；but
4．Our teacher is very creative and he always has different ways to make his class _______ and interesting.
A．lively B．modest C．suitable D．patient
5．It was with Li Ping _______ I did some shopping in the store yesterday afternoon.
A．when B．that C．who D．where
6．_______ is said that his father will fly to New York this evening.
A．That B．He C．This D．It
7．— He is kind and helpful.
—_______ . He always helps his classmates with their studies.
A．I can't agree more B．It all depends
C．I don't think so D．I'm not sure
8．You'd better _______ before you spend all your money on a car.
A．take on B．believe in C．think twice D．give up
9．All of us love and respect him because he has many good _______.
A．challenges B．qualities C．chances D．pioneers
10．I'd like to go with you，_______ I have no time this afternoon.
A．and B．or C．so D．but
11．He devoted all his spare time _______ his students with their English.
A．to helping B．to help C．helped D．for helping
12．— Why didn't you ask Tom to help you with your work？
— Because he was only a student and had no _______ experience.
A．powerful B．practical C．loyal D．general
13．I don't believe _______ my star sign may decide my personality.
A．whether B．when C．which D．that
14．Welcome to our school and I'll show you _______ our school.
A．off B．up C．around D．down
15．The teacher told us that red _______ power，heat and strong feelings.
A．would represent B．represents C．represented D．had represented
二、完型填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
Johnnie Martin was born in a worker’s family. His parents dreamed that their son could get a good job and live a better life. However, to Johnnie, school lessons seemed like a wall that was _____16_____ to go through.
One day when he was in grade 11, Johnnie went _____17_____ the school youth workers’ office to ask for help.
“Johnnie, I’ve been studying your marks of all the tests at school. I have made a _____18_____ study of them,” said the youth worker.
“I’ve been trying hard.” Johnnie was about to cry.
The youth work put his hand on the boy’s shoulder, “People have different kinds of _____19_____ , Johnnie. There are painters who were _____20_____ able to learn maths, and engineers who can’t sing on key. Some day you will find _____21_____ you are good at, and when you do, you will make your parents and all of us very proud of you.”
Johnnie didn’t go to university. He found a job working in the gardens around the town. Soon _____22_____ amazing happened. His customers（顾客）began to notice that Johnnie had what they called “green thumb（园艺能手）”. One day, he noticed an unused dirty land behind the city hall. He volunteered to make it into a garden. That very afternoon _____23_____ he got the permission（许可）, he started the work. However, he couldn’t _____24_____ all the tools or the plants that were necessary for it. People gave him young trees, rose-bushes, benches and many other things. Before long, it had become a beautiful little park.
Today Johnnie is the head of the business in gardening. Wherever he and his men go, they spread _____25_____ before the eyes of people.
16．A．impatient B．impossible C．important D．impolite
17．A．into B．past C．along D．through
18．A．extra B．national C．careful D．similar
19．A．abilities B．challenges C．causes D．careers
20．A．always B．usually C．sometimes D．never
21．A．how B．when C．what D．where
22．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything
23．A．before B．while C．till D．after
24．A．design B．use C．repair D．afford
25．A．purity B．beauty C．energy D．silence
三、阅读单选(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)
A
People Who are Happy with Their Jobs
Molly has read an article on Sunshine Daily. It introduces four people who are excellent in their fields.
Wu Wei, artist“Wu Wei is a talented artist,” said his best friend. “He doesn’t like to talk much, but his work shouts!” His paintings have won high praise from the art community. “I want to share the best art with people, so I’m always searching for something better,” he said.
Su Ning, accountant(会计)Su Ning gave up her job as a sales manager five years ago and started to work as an accountant. “I love working with numbers. But as an accountant, we also need to be careful. To us, a miss is as good as a mile,” she said.
Liu Hao, engineerLiu Hao is a high-speed railway engineer. “We can’t afford to make any mistakes,” said Mr Liu. “He’s serious and well organized, but he’s easy to work with,” one of his team members said.
Fang Yuan, doctorFang Yuan, head of Sunshine Hospital, is kind and patient. “As a doctor, carelessness will be a big problem not only to ourselves but also to patients,” she said. “She has put most of her time into her work,” said another doctor.
26．What does Wu Wei do A．An artist. B．A manager. C．An accountant. D．A doctor.
27．Who loves working with numbers
A．Molly. B．Liu Hao. C．Su Ning. D．Fang Yuan.
28．What is Fang Yuan like
A．Kind and patient. B．Active and careful.
C．Young and talented. D．Serious and organized.
B
A food delivery (投递) driver from Hangzhou has been a champion of the third season of CCTV’s Chinese Poetry Competition (中国诗词大会) show.
Lei Haiwei won in the TV contest’s final on 4th, April 2018, remaining calm as he answered a lot of difficult questions on ancient Chinese poetry.
More than ten years ago, he didn’t have enough money to buy books. In order to read poetry, he would go to the bookstore and memorize poems, then return home and write them down from memory. In this way, he learned over 800 poems.
These days, as a busy worker, he reads ancient poetry when waiting for food to be prepared or when he has a moment to rest. Like most delivery drivers, Lei Haiwei’s work is hard and he often has to deliver more than 50 meals in one day. While delivering food to others, he’s often hungry himself, but he hardly spends more than half an hour a day in eating and won’t spend over 25 RMB．
Lei was born in1981, in Hunan, but moved to Hanzhou ten years ago to find work. He lives in an 80-square-metre apartment with several other delivery drivers and usually works 10-hour days.
29．What kind of feeling did Lei Haiwei have during the final contest
A．Peaceful. B．Nervous. C．Angry. D．Afraid.
30．How did Lei Haiwei learn over 800 poems？
A．By buying books. B．By memorizing poems.
C．By learning poems from TV shows. D．By copying poems from books directly.
31．When did Lei Haiwei read so many poems as a food delivery driver
A．When having lunch. B．When making dinner.
C．When waiting for food. D．When delivering food to others.
32．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A．Lei Haiwei’s food. B．Lei Haiwei’s hobby.
C．Lei Haiwei’s good friends. D．Lei Haiwei’s hard work.
C
Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives, writes David Sturt, Executive Vice President of the O. C．Tanner Institute, in his book Great Work: How to Make a Difference People Love. Sturt insists, however, that great work is not just for surgeons or special - needs educators or the founders of organizations trying to eliminate poverty（贫穷）in sub - Saharan Africa. The central theme of Great Work, according to Sturt, is that anyone can make a difference in any job. It’s not the nature of the job, but what you do with the job that matters. To prove this, Sturt tells the story of an excellent hospital cleaner named Moses.
In a building filled with doctors and nurses doing great life—saving work, Moses the cleaner makes a difference. Whenever he enters a room, especially a room with a sick child, he impresses both patients and parents with his optimism（乐观）and calm, introducing himself to the child and,Start writes, speaking “some words about light and sunshine and making things clean.”He praises on any progress he sees day by day (“you’re sitting up today, that’s good.”) Moses is no doctor and doesn’t sit pretend（假装）to be, but he has witnessed hundreds of sick children getting well from painful surgery, and parents take comfort from his encouraging words. For Matt and Mindi, whose son McKay was born with only half of a heart, Moses became a close friend. As Sturt explains, “Moses took his born talents (his sensitivity) and his practical wisdom (from years of hospital experience) and brought them into a powerful form of patient and family support that changed the critical—care experience for Mindi, Matt and little McKay.”
How do people like Moses do great work when so many people just work That was the central question raised by Sturt and his team at the O. C．Tanner Institute, a consulting（咨询）company specialized（专营）in worker recognition（认可）and rewards system.
O. C．Tanner carried out a complete Great Work study that included surveys to 200 senior executives（高管）, a further set of surveys to 1, 000 managers and workers working on projects, a study of 1. 7 million accounts of award - winning work (in the form of nominations for awards from corporations（公司） around the world), and one - on - one interviews with 200 different makers. The corporations（公司）around the world, and one-on-one interviews with 200 different makers. The results of the study showed that those who do great work refuse to be stopped by the constraints of their jobs. They are especially able to think about their jobs without any boundaries, they don’t consider their jobs as a list of tasks and responsibilities（责任）but see their jobs as chances to make a difference. No matter, as Moses so ably exemplifies（例证）, what that job may be.
33．According to Sturt, which of the following is TRUE
A．It’s not the nature of the job, but what you think that makes a difference.
B．Anyone in the world has duty to reduce poverty and change the world.
C．Anyone can make a difference in people’s lives no matter what kind of job he does.
D．Surgeons, special—needs educators and founders of organizations can succeed more easily.
34．According to this passage, how does Moses, a common hospital cleaner, make a difference in people’s lives
A．By keeping optimistic and calm when facing patients and their parents.
B．By showing his great duty and rich working experience while working.
C．By showing his pity and kindness to patients when entering their rooms.
D．By pretending to be a doctor or nurse when entering a room with the sick.
35．The word “constraints” in the last paragraph probably means _________ .
A．orders B．advantages C．mistakes D．limitations
36．What can we infer from the passage
A．Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives.
B．Those who do great work see their jobs as chances to make a difference.
C．Moses makes a difference through his sensitivity and his practical wisdom.
D．If a boss has trouble knowing his workers well, he may ask O. C．Tanner for advice.
D
Mapping out the future
Last summer, my parents and I took a drive to another state. A few hours into the trip, we took a wrong turn. But our trusty GPS pulled up a map of the area and got us back. It made me wonder: Who created maps in the first place After some searching online, I learned that people who map out roads, mountains, oceans, and other places around the world are called cartographers.
What does a cartographer do
Cartographers, also called mapmakers, study geographic information. They use this information to make maps of places around the world. Some of these maps are digital. They are often used in GPS. Other maps are printed in books. To do their work, cartographers put together information from many different places. They also use ground surveys (调查). Some do ground surveys themselves. Most cartographers, however, depend on surveyors for this important information. Surveyors collect information for mapmaking. They measure (测量) land, air space, and water areas.
What does it take to be a cartographer
Most cartographers have a bachelor’s degree. The degree might be in cartography, geography, or something similar. Students who are interested in becoming cartographers should learn as much as they can about geography. It also helps to take courses in math and computer science.
With the rise of computer-based tools such as GPS, cartographers need stronger computer skills than they did in the past.
___________
In the US, jobs for cartographers are expected to grow. This is due to the increasing use of maps in the armed forces. Also, digital maps have increasingly become a main part of GPS.
According to what I’ve read about cartographers, I’d say that their work is very important to a lot of people. Next time a map keeps me from getting lost, I’ll be sure to thank a cartographer!
37．In Paragraph 1, the writer included his experience in order to show ________.
A．the GPS is only needed when driving to another place
B．it is common to get lost on a trip
C．a mapmaker’s work is important
D．the GPS is not always useful
38．The writer talked about cartographers from ________ aspects.
A．two B．three C．four D．five
39．Surveyors can do all these following things except (除了) ________.
A．doing ground surveys B．collecting information
C．doing some mapping D．doing some measuring
40．Which of the following best fits the blank in the passage
A．Will more cartographers be needed
B．Will the cartographers be replaced by robots
C．Why is it hard for cartographers to find jobs
D．Why do cartographers make different maps
第二部分 课本知识应用
四．按要求填写单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
41．Daniel is clever, but he never shows off. He is m______.
42．You can’t afford a _________ (失误) while doing this experiment(实验).
43．The story________(it)is very interesting in this film．
44．They said she is _____________(suit) for the job as an accountant.
45．As a doctor, ________________( careful) will be a disaster to patients.
46．Jim’s father is a ____________ (总的) manager in a big computer company.
47．The young man is trying to be a ____________ (先锋) in the field of high technology.
48．The product of this company has reached the international _________ (标准), so it sells well 。
49．It’s a tradition for a Chinese family to buy a new ____________ (挂历) when the new year is drawing near.
50．When the star ____________ (出现) on the stage, the fans all screamed excitedly.
五、完成句子(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
根据所给中文，完成英语句子
51．我随时准备接受新的挑战。
I __________________ to _________________________ .
52．饮食取决于个人喜好。这些食物让我想起了我妈妈的饭菜。
Diet _________________ taste. The food ____________ the dishes my mother made.
53．作为一个学生，你越细心越好。
_______________，you _______________________________.
54．穿红色可以使行动更加容易。
_____________ can ____________________.
55．他经常做决定有困难。
He _____________________________________.
六、短文首字母填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
In our life，we may meet persons with different personalities. What is your p___56___ type？ Read about the following and find it out！
A Dreamer thinks there is a "right" way to do things. This person wants to live in the "perfect". They like their things in o___57___. Many are good listeners and like to help others. Many Dreamers work a___58___ teachers, and often lead others. Famous Dreamers：Mohandas Gandhi, Angelina Jolie.
A Partner wants to be in a group. For this person，rules are important. They pay a___59___ to rules and think everybody should follow them. Partners are often b___60___ serious and careful. Many do well as teachers，managers and police officers. Famous Partners：Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ，Mother Teresa.
For Thinkers，understanding things is very important. They like to deal with problems and make new things. Thinkers are c___61___. They like to take the l___62___ and win. They have very strong opinions（主张）. Many Thinkers work as s___63___， inventors and engineers. Famous Thinkers：Bill Gates，Stephen Hawking.
Artists want to be free. In g___64___, they don't want to follow the rules all the time. They also like trying new things. They are l____65____ and active and do well as musicians（音乐家）and actors. Famous Artists：Cristiano Ronaldo, Madonna.
七、阅读回答问题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
阅读表达 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
I’m a rather smart person who has spent nearly 10 years learning mechanics（机械学）, but I have no formal education. I have always struggled to make people trust me.
This year, I started another factory job, which provided a bit higher pay than my last one. I was making $13. 50 an hour at my last job and hardly make a living. I felt I would probably live a better life! My neighbor bought a used Harley motorcycle that everyone thought it had some serious damage. After taking a look at it, I said that I would be able to repair it. As a result, I saved them $2, 000 that they expected to pay to rebuild it. They were impressed with my work and told many of their friends about me. I got a lot of new business just through word of mouth.
In about two months I had over a dozen people coming to me for work and I was making great money. I was making thousands a month from part-time jobs on a good month. But because of the instability of the work, it was not certain for me to get enough money every month, I still couldn’t leave my day job at that point.
Then I got a job through one of my customers working on heavy equipment and diesel trucks （柴油汽 车）. I was able to impress them by solving difficult problems quickly. They offered me another job that started even higher - $17 an hour. I finally made some progress.
In one year’s time I went from being the lowest level worker to having bosses ask me to work for them. Now I can honestly say I feel truly proud of myself and my skills.
根据文本内容回答下面5个问题, 每题答案不超过7个词。
66．Why has the writer tried his best to get others’ trust
______________________________
67．When did the writer get more business
______________________________
68．How much money can the writer make if he does a part-time job for 3 hours now
______________________________
69．Why couldn’t the writer leave his day job
______________________________
70．What can we learn from the writer
______________________________
参考答案：
1．B
【解析】
句意：——今天谁没来？——汤姆。他生病了，待在家里。
考查形容词。curious 意为“好奇的”；absent意为“缺席的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的”；loyal 意为“忠诚的”。根据“He is ill and stays at home. ”可知这里是缺席的。根据题意，故选B。
2．C
【解析】
句意：他总是努力学习，害怕落后。A. making a speech演讲；B. taking the lead领先；C. falling behind落后；D. giving up放弃。努力学习是担心自己落在别人的后面，故答案为C。
3．C
【解析】
句意：在昨天的班会上，我和他都受到了老师的表扬。
考查连词。either…or…意为“或者……或者……”；neither… nor…意为“既不……也……”；both…and…意为“……和……”；not only…but…意为“不仅……而且……”。根据谓语动词是复数were，这里用both …and…表示两者都。根据题意，故选C。
4．A
【解析】
句意：我们的老师很有创新精神，他总是用不同的方法把课上得生动有趣。
考查形容词。lively意为“活泼的”；modest意为“谦虚的”；suitable意为“合适的”；patient意为“耐心的”。根据“interesting”的语境可知这里是活跃的。根据题意，故选A。
5．B
【解析】
句意：昨天下午我是和李平一起去商店购物的。
考查强调句型。其结构It is / was + 被强调的部分 + that (who)…。当被强调的是人时，用who或that，其余的情况一律用that，强调的成分是主语、宾语和状语，强调句型可用“还原法”来判断,若删除强调句型结构后，句子能还原为一个完整的句子，就是强调句。这里是强调的是with Li Ping，根据题意，故选B。
【点睛】
英语中强调句型就是采用it is +强调部分+that……强调部分可以为主语,宾语,状语……比如：对You are my friend.强调主语就是:It is you that are my friend.
6．D
【解析】
句意：据说，他的父亲今晚将要飞往纽约。
考查代词。根据该题干中的that…可知是主语从句，故用代词it作形式主语。A. That那个；B. He他；C. This这个；D. It它。It is said that+ 从句，表示据说……。根据题意，故选D。
7．A
【解析】
句意：——他善良且乐于助人。——我完全赞同。他总是在学习上帮助同学。
考查交际用语。I can't agree more意为“我完全赞同”；it all depends意为“视情况而定”；I don't think so意为“我不认为如此”；I'm not sure意为“我不知道”。根据“He always help…”的语境确定答案。故选A。
8．C
【解析】
句意：在倾囊买车前，你最好三思。
考查动词短语。take on意为“承担”；believe in意为“信任”；think twice意为“三思”；give up意为“放弃"。根据“before…"的语境确定答案。根据下文before you spend all your money on a car.可知上文是三思。故选C。
9．B
【解析】
句意：我们大家都很喜爱和尊重他，因为他有许多优良品质。
考查名词。challenge意为“挑战”；quality意为“品质" ；chance意为“机会”；pioneer意为“先锋”。根据“love and respect him”的语境确定答案。故选B。
10．D
【解析】
句意：我想和你一起去，但是今天下午我没时间。
考查连词。and意为“和"；or意为“或者”；so意为“所以”；but意为“但是”。这里的前后句是转折关系。故选D。
11．A
【解析】
句意：他把自己所有的业余时间都奉献出来帮助自己的学生学习英语。
考查非谓语动词。A. to helping去帮助；B. to help帮助，动词不定式；C. helped帮助，过去式；D. for helping为了帮助。devote…to表示致力于……，结构中的to是介词，故其后接动名词作宾语。根据题意，故选A。
【点睛】
devote...to(doing) sth.将……奉献于（做）某事
devote vt.
把……奉献(给),把……专用(于)
We should devote everything we have.
我们应该奉献我们的一切.
12．B
【解析】
句意：——你为什么不请汤姆帮你工作？——因为他只是个学生，没有实践经验。
考查形容词。powerful 意为“强大的"；practical意为“实践的" ；loyal意为“忠诚的"；general意为“一般的"。根据“he was only a student”的语境确定答案。故选B。
13．D
【解析】
句意：我不相信我的星座决定我的个性。
考查连词。引导宾语从句时，whether意为“是否”；when意为“何时”；which意为“哪一个”；that没有中文含义。根据句意确定答案。故选D。
14．C
【解析】
句意：欢迎到我们学校来，我带你参规一下我们学校。
考查介词。Show off意为“炫耀”；show up意为“露面”；show around 意为“带领…参观”；show down意为“摊牌”。根据“Welcome to our school”可知这里是参观，show sb. around…表示带某人参观某地。根据题意，故选C。
15．B
【解析】
句意：老师告诉我们，红色象征力量、热度和强烈的情感。
考查时态。A. would represent代表；过去将来时；B. represents代表，一般现在时态； C. represented代表，过去式；D. had represented已经代表，过去完成时。虽然主句谓语动词是一般过去时，但宾语从句表示的是客观事实，故其谓语动词用一般现在时。根据题意，故选B。
16．B
17．A
18．C
19．A
20．D
21．C
22．C
23．D
24．D
25．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。约翰尼·马丁出生在一个工人家庭，他的父母希望他找到一份好工作，可是对于约翰尼·马丁来说，学校的课程太难了。约翰尼没有上大学，他在镇上的花园里找到了一份工作。很快，人们发现他是一个园艺能手，他把一块肮脏的土地变成了一个美丽的小公园。如今，约翰尼成为了园艺行业的主管。
16．
句意：然而，对约翰尼来说，学校的课程就像一堵无法穿越的墙。
impatient没有耐心的；impossible不可能的；important重要的；impolite不礼貌的。由“However, to Johnnie, school lessons seemed like a wall”可知对约翰尼来说学校的课程就像一堵墙，墙是无法穿越的，故选B。
17．
句意：11年级的一天，约翰尼走进学校青年工作者办公室寻求帮助。
into进入；past超过；along沿着；through穿过。由“ask for help”可知寻求帮助应该是进入办公室，故选A。
18．
句意：我对它们做了仔细的研究。
extra额外的；national国家的；careful认真的；similar类似的。由“Johnnie, I’ve been studying your marks of all the tests at school.”可知是对约翰尼的成绩做了很认真的研究，故选C。
19．
句意：人们有不同的能力。
abilities能力；challenges挑战；causes原因；careers职业。由“There are painters who were …able to learn maths, and engineers who can’t sing on key.”可知不同行业的人有不同的能力，故选A。
20．
句意：有些画家从来不会学数学，有些工程师不会按键盘唱歌。
always一直；usually通常；sometimes有时；never从不。由“People have different kinds of abilities”可知人们有不同的能力，这里给的是画家和工程师的例子，画家从不会学数学，故选D。
21．
句意：总有一天你会发现你擅长什么，当你做到了，你会让你的父母和我们所有人为你感到骄傲。
how怎么；when什么时候；what什么；where在哪里。由“People have different kinds of abilities”可知人们有不同的能力，有一天约翰尼也会发现自己擅长什么，这里做动词find的宾语，引导宾语从句，故选C。
22．
句意：很快，令人惊讶的事情发生了。
nothing没有什么；anything任何事；something某事/某物；everything每件事。由“His customers（顾客）began to notice that Johnnie had what they called ‘green thumb（园艺能手 ）’.”可知后面发生了一些事是人们没想到的，这里泛指某事，故选C。
23．
句意：就在那天下午，他得到了许可之后，便开始了这项工作。
before以前；while当…...的时候；till直到；after在......之后。开始工作是在得到许可之后进行的，故选D。
24．
句意：然而，他负担不起所有的工具和必要的植物。
design设计；use使用；repair修理；afford负担得起。由“People gave him young trees, rose-bushes, benches and many other things.”可知人们给了他小树、玫瑰花丛、长凳和许多其他的东西，应该是约翰尼自己负担不起这些，故选D。
25．
句意：无论他和他的手下走到哪里，他们都会在人们眼前传播美丽。
purity纯洁；beauty美丽；energy能量；silence沉默。由“Today Johnnie is the head of the business in gardening.”可知约翰尼成为了园艺行业的主管，园艺带给人的是美丽，故选B。
26．A
27．C
28．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了四位在各自领域都很优秀的人。
26．
细节理解题。根据“Wu Wei, artist”可知，吴伟是艺术家，故选A。
27．
细节理解题。根据“Su Ning gave up her job as a sales manager...I love working with numbers.”可知，苏宁喜欢和数字打交道，故选C。
28．
细节理解题。根据“Fang Yuan, head of Sunshine Hospital, is kind and patient.”可知，方媛善良又有耐心，故选A。
29．A
30．B
31．C
32．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了外卖小哥雷海为在中央台第三季《中国诗词大会》上获得了一等奖。
29．
推理判断题。根据“Lei Haiwei won in the TV contest’s final on 4th, April 2018, remaining calm as he answered a lot of difficult questions on ancient Chinese poetry.”可知，在比赛中他冷静地回答了许多关于中国古诗词的难题。因此可推断出在决赛中感觉是平静的。故选A。
30．
细节理解题。根据“ In order to read poetry, he would go to the bookstore and memorize poems, then return home and write them down from memory. In this way, he learned over 800 poems.”可知，雷海为是通过背诵诗歌学习800多首诗的。故选B。
31．
细节理解题。根据“These days, as a busy worker, he reads ancient poetry when waiting for food to be prepared or when he has a moment to rest.”可知，雷海为在等餐或者休息时读了很多诗。故选C。
32．
段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段讲述了雷海为的住宿条件和工作时间之长，即讲述了雷海为的辛勤工作。故选D。
33．C
34．A
35．D
36．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文讲述任何人都可以在任何工作中有所作为。
33．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives, writes David Sturt”及“The central theme of Great Work, according to Sturt, is that anyone can make a difference in any job”可知，斯特尔特认为不管人的工作是什么，都可以在人的生活中有所作为。故选C。
34．
细节理解题。根据第二段“he impresses both patients and parents with his optimism and calm”可知，莫西通过自己的乐观和冷静给病人和他们的父母留下印象。故选A。
35．
词义猜测题。根据最后一段“They are especially able to think about their jobs without any boundaries, they don’t consider their jobs as a list of tasks and responsibilities but see their jobs as chances to make a difference”可知，在工作上有所作为的人拒绝被工作本身的局限性打败，他们不认为他们的工作是一系列的人物和责任而是把他们的工作看成是有所作为的机会。“constraints”的含义是“限制”，相当于“limitations”。故选D。
36．
推理判断题。根据第三段“That was the central question raised by Sturt and his team at the O. C. Tanner Institute, a consulting company specialized in worker recognition and rewards system”可知，斯特尔特和团队在研究所的咨询公司专营员工的认可和奖赏系统，可推断如果一个老板在获得员工认可方面有困难，他可能找欧柏特泰纳寻求建议。故选D。
37．C
38．B
39．C
40．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于地图制作者工作的内容，成为地图制作者的条件及其工作的重要性。
37．
细节理解题。根据第一段“But our trusty GPS pulled up a map of the area and got us back.It made me wonder: Who created maps in the first place ”可知，作者在本段描述个人经历主要是为了说明地图制作者工作的重要性，故选C。
38．
细节理解题。根据“What does a cartographer do ”“What does it take to be a cartographer ”和文中空格部分可知，本文一共介绍了地图制作者三个方面的内容，故选B。
39．
细节理解题。根据“Some do ground surveys themselves. Most cartographers, however, depend on surveyors for this important information. Surveyors collect information for mapmaking. They measure land, air space, and water areas.”可知，测量员会做地面调查、为制图收集信息、测量土地、空域和水域，故选C。
40．
标题归纳题。根据下文“In the US, jobs for cartographers are expected to grow. ”可知，在美国，地图制作者工作岗位将会增加，故选A。
41．modest
42．miss
43．itself
44．suitable
45．carelessness
46．general
47．pioneer
48．standard
49．calendar
50．appeared
【解析】
41．句意“丹尼尔很聪明，但是他从来都不炫耀，他是谦虚的”。根据but he never shows off可知，他不炫耀，所以是谦虚的。modest谦虚的。故填modest。
42．句意“当你做实验时，你不能承受一个失误”。miss失误，且空前有a，故填miss。
43．句意“在这个电影中，故事本身非常有趣”。空处译为“他自己”，作同位语，故填itself。
44．句意“他们说她适合会计这个工作”。根据be suitable for“适合于”，故填suitable。
45．句意“作为一名医生，粗心对于病人来说将会是一个灾难”。空位于主语的位置，所以用名词，且根据句意可知，译为粗心，故填carelessness。
46．句意“吉姆的爸爸是一个大的电脑公司的总经理”。general manager总经理，故填general。
47．句意“这个年轻人尽力成为高科技领域的先锋”。pioneer先锋，且空前有a，用单数，故填pioneer。
48．句意“这个公司的产品达到了国际标准，所以它卖得好”。standard标准，故填standard。
49．句意“对于中国家庭来说，当新年临近时，买一个新的挂历是一个传统”。calendar挂历，且空前有a，用单数，故填calendar。
50．句意“当明星出现在舞台上时，所有的粉丝都兴奋地尖叫”。appear出现，且根据screamed可知，用一般过去时，故填appeared。
51． am ready take on new challenges any time
52． depends on reminds me of
53． As a student can’t be too careful
54． Wearing red make it easier to take action
55．often has difficulties making decisions
【解析】
51．根据句意，答题空一是准备好做某事的意思，用be ready to do sth，主语是I，故用am ready。答题空二是接受新的挑战的意思，用take on new challenges，随时做状语，一般位于句尾，用词组any time，故答案是【答题空1】am ready，【答题空2】take on new challenges any time
52．根据句意，答题空一是取决于的意思，主语是diet不可数名词用第三人称单数，depends on。答题空二是是我想起的意思，让某人想起用remind sb of sth，主语是the food不可数名词，remind是动词，其后的代词用宾格，故答案是【答题空1】depends on，【答题空2】reminds me of
53．根据句意，答题空一是作为一个学生的意思，作为用介词as，答题空二是越细心越好的意思，越……越好用，can’t be too+形容词，故答案是【答题空1】As a student，【答题空2】can’t be too careful
54．根据句意，答题空一是穿红色的意思，表示穿着的状态用动词wear，作主语用动名词，答题空二是使行动更容易的意思，行动用take action，使……变得容易，用make it easier to do sth，can是情态动词，后加动词原形，故答案是【答题空1】Wearing red，【答题空2】make it easier to take action
55．根据句意，答题空是经常做决定有困难，经常用频率副词often，做某事有困难用have difficulty（in）doing，这里经常有困难，所以把困难变成复数，做决定是make decisions，故答案是often has difficulties making decisions
56．personality
57．order
58．as
59．attention
60．both
61．creative
62．lead
63．scientists
64．general
65．lively
【解析】
【分析】
这篇短文主要介绍了四种不同的人物性格类型。详细介绍了四种不同性格类型人的特点，并用名人加以补充说明。
56．句意：你的性格类型是什么？
根据上文In our life，we may meet persons with different personalities.可知下文是说性格类型，personality的意思是“性格”，名词作定语修饰后面的type。故填personality。
57．句意：他们喜欢自己的东西井然有序。
根据上文This person wants to live in the "perfect"可知下文是说他们喜欢动词井然有序，短语in order表示整齐；井然有序。根据题意，故填order。
58．句意：许多梦想家当老师，经常引导别人。著名的梦想家：莫汉达斯·甘地，安吉丽娜·朱莉。
短语work as…表示作为……。根据句意，故填as。
59．句意：他们注意规则，认为每个人都应该遵守规则。
根据下文and think everybody should follow them.可知上文是说pay attention to…表示对……关注。根据句意，故填attention。
60．句意：合伙人通常既认真又谨慎。
根据下文serious and careful可知这里是说两者都，both…and…表示两者都。根据句意，故填both。
61．句意：思想家很有创造力。
根据下文They like to take the l 7 and win. They have very strong opinions（主张）.可知上文是说有创造力的。creative形容词，意思是“有创造力的”。根据句意，故填creative。
62．句意：他们喜欢领先并获胜。他们的意见很强烈。
根据下文They have very strong opinions（主张）.可知这里是说领先。lead的意思是“领先”，根据句意，故填lead。
63．句意：许多思想家是科学家、发明家和工程师。著名思想家：比尔盖茨，斯蒂芬霍金。
根据下文inventors and engineers.可知上文是说科学家。scientist的意思是“科学家”，这里用名词复数。故填scientists。
64．句意：一般来说，他们不想一直遵守规则。
短语in general表示一般而言，一般来说。根据句意，故填general。
65．句意：他们也喜欢尝试新事物。他们活泼好动，音乐家和演员都很出色。著名艺术家：克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多、麦当娜。
根据下文and active and do well as musicians（音乐家）and actors.可知上文是说活跃的。lively的意思是“活跃的”，根据句意，故填lively。
【点睛】
1. 复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解.在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想.在阅读过程中,要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处.另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法.有些短文填空题,有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的,这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测,来确定它的词义.
2. 反复推敲多分析,慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文,对留空的句子进行全面的分析,看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义.这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读,要留心找出关键词、短语或句子,还要结合所给首字母的提示,进行填写,并注意单词的正确形式.
3. 认真复查全文,把握整体和词形
做完以后,再认真读一遍,检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符,文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,有无句型结构及语法错误.从实际中看,很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词,但是,问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上.比如填第3小题中，句意：许多梦想家当老师，经常引导别人。著名的梦想家：莫汉达斯·甘地，安吉丽娜·朱莉。短语work as…表示作为……。根据句意，故填as。
66．Because he has no formal education.
67．After he repaired the/neighbor’s motorcycle./After neighbor’s motorcycle was repaired.
68．Fifty-one dollars.
69．Because of the instability of the work.
70．Learning and hard work bring success.
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了作者自己通过自己的不懈努力赚到更多钱的故事，从而悟出：只要功夫下的深，铁杵磨成针。
66．
根据“I’m a rather smart person who has spent nearly 10 years learning mechanics（机械学）, but I have no formal education. I have always struggled to make people trust me.”可知，作者没有受过正规教育，所以一直在努力让人们相信他，故填Because he has no formal education.
67．
根据“As a result, I saved them $2, 000 that they expected to pay to rebuild it. They were impressed with my work and told many of their friends about me. I got a lot of new business just through word of mouth.”可知，在他修好了邻居的摩托车之后，通过口口相传作者获得了很多新业务，故填After he repaired the/neighbor’s motorcycle./After neighbor’s motorcycle was repaired.
68．
根据“They offered me another job that started even higher - $17 an hour.”可知，兼职一个小时赚17美元，所以三个小时应该是赚51美元，故填Fifty-one dollars.
69．
根据“But because of the instability of the work, it was not certain for me to get enough money every month, I still couldn’t leave my day job at that point.”可知，由于工作的不稳定性，作者无法确定每个月是否能挣到足够的钱，所以那时仍然无法离开他的日常工作。故填Because of the instability of the work.
70．
根据“In one year’s time I went from being the lowest level worker to having bosses ask me to work for them. Now I can honestly say I feel truly proud of myself and my skills.”以及整个文章的理解可知，只要功夫下的深，铁杵磨成针，勤奋努力地学习总会成功的，故填Learning and hard work bring success.
知识点
Welcome to the unit
1. It says some people are generous. 它（文章）说一些人是很慷慨的。
The notice says "Keep Quiet "
The book doesn't say where he was born.
2. It makes them feel good to share things with others. 与他人分享东西使他们感觉良好.
(1)make用法
make sb. do sth.
make sb. +adj.
Who made the little girl cry
The news made me very happy.
We made him our monitor.
(2)feel 的用法，（felt，felt）系动词：feel +______.
I feel sorry for him.
3. Hobo, you've eaten up my breakfast! 霍波，你把我的早饭吃光了。
eat up 意为“吃光，吃完”，可单独使用，也可接某物做宾语。名词做宾语时放在up 前后均可，但代词做宾语时，必须放在eat 和up之间。
Eat up, We will go out soon.
Eat up all your food. =Eat all your food up.
The noodles are delicious. Eat them up.
4.Suzy is well organized. She keeps all her things in good order. 苏西很有条理。 他将所有的东西都整理得有条不紊
(1)organized adj. ____________
organize 动词，意为“______”
organization 名词，意为“______”
I agreed to help organize the company picnic.
They have established a student organization.
(2)order 名词，意为“______”
①相关短语：
in good order______
keep good order ______
in order that + 句子 ______
in order to do sth ______
②order 做动词，意为“______”
He ordered a new suit for himself.
He ordered us to leave the room quietly.
5. Daniel is very clever, but he is modest and never shows off.丹尼尔很聪明，但他很诚实并且从不炫耀。
show off ______，后面接名词、代词和从句，代词放中间。
Don't show it off here.
(2)show 的用法
show sb. sth = show sth to sb
show sb around some place
show sb the way to…/where …is/ how sb can get to…
show +that 从句……
show up
Your work shows that you are careful.
He showed up at last.
6. Yeah, I agree. 是的，我同意。
agree做不及物动词，意为“同意，赞同”，常与介词with/to/on等连用。
【辨析】agree with，agree to与agree on
agree with 同意 常用来表示同意某人的话、意见或看法等，其后接表示人的名词或代词。
agree to 同意，应允； 愿意，答应 通常用于对事，不用于对人，其后接表示事物的名词，如decision，idea，plan，opinion等。agree to后接动词原形，意为“愿意，答应”，并有愿意协助之意。
agree on 就……取得一致意见 宾语多为表示某件事或某个计划等的名词，不能是表示人的名词或代词。
7. as good as 和…几乎一样，简直是
(1) “A miss is as good as a mile.” “失之毫厘，谬以千里”。
(2) The model ship is as good as a real one. 这个轮船模型几乎和真的一样。
【注意】as good as 还可表示“和……一样好”。
I hope my book is as good as yours.
Reading
1. Wu Wei is a born artist. 吴伟是一个天生的艺术家。
born作形容词，意为“天生的”，be born with意为“天生具有...”，be born to do意为“天生适合做...”。
Wu Wei a good artistic sense.
Wu Wei an artist.
2. Wu Wei, the young artist, has impressed the whole country with his creative work.
吴伟，年轻的艺术家，以他的创作打动了全国。
impress作及物动词，意为“给...留下印象”。它的名词形式是 ，形容词形式为 。
impress...with...意为“给…留下…印象”，常用于被动。
The whole country his creative work.
【拓展】
impress on/upon 使铭记，使留下深刻印象
be impressed by/with 被…所感动；被…给予深刻印象
leave a deep impression on... 给...留下深刻印象
辨析：whole 与all
whole 通常修饰可数名词单数，一般不修饰不可数名词 位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格之后
all 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词 位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格之前
3. His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high praise from the art community.
他为阳光镇广场设计的雕塑赢得了艺术界的高度赞扬。
praise可作名词可作动词，意为“赞扬，表扬”，praise sb. for sth.意为“表扬某人某事”， win high praise from...意为“赢得...的高度赞扬”。
The art community has highly Wu Wei his sculptures.
4. I want to share the best art with people, so I’m always searching for something better or different.
我想与人分享最好的艺术，所以我总是在寻找更好或不同的东西。
so意为“因此，所以”，表示因果关系，可以与because相互转换。
, I’m always searching for something better or different.
be always doing sth. 意为“总是做某事”，always与进行时连用时，常表达说话人的某种情绪。
He was always asking his parents for money.
He is always lying.
search for意为“搜索，寻找”，相当于look for。
something better or different意为“更好或不同的东西”，形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词后面。
5. Su Ning gave up her job as an accountant five years ago and started to work for the sales department in a big company.苏宁五年前放弃了会计的工作，开始在一家大公司的销售部工作。
give up意为“放弃”，give up doing sth.相当于stop doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”。
work for意为“为…而工作，受雇于”，work as意为“担任...工作”work on意为“从事，致力于”。
I wouldn’t work for her again.
She worked as a model.
We started to work on the project in 2022.
6. Life is like a race. You either take the lead or fall behind. 生活就像一场赛跑。你要么领先，要么落后。
lead作名词，意为“领先地位，榜样”；作动词，意为“指引，引导，带领”。take the lead 意为“处于领先地位，独占鳌头”，take lead in doing sth.意为“在做某事上领先”。
lead to 导致
provide the leads for 为……提供线索
lose the lead 失去领先地位，落在后面
fall behind意为“落后”，如果用于现在完成时的肯定句，即出现for/since时,句中fall behind要变为be behind。
,since he was crazy about games.
自从汤姆对游戏着迷后，他就落在别人后面了。
7. I’m ready to take on new challenges any time. 我准备好随时接受新的挑战。
be ready to do sth相当于be prepared to do sth.意为“准备好做某事”，take on意为“承担，接受，从事”。
8. Liu Hao is the chief engineer of the high-speed railway connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin.
刘浩是连接阳光城和天津这段高速铁路的总工程师。
connect作及物动词，意为“连接”，connect to/with意为“与...相连，连接。”
connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin作 ，修饰 。动词的现在分词（短语）作定语时，表示主动的含义，通常指动作正在进行中。
站在窗前的那个男人是我们的老师。
9. A miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘，差之千里。
10. We can’t afford to make any mistakes. 我们不能犯任何错误。
afford作动词，意为“买得起，负担得起”，
afford (to do) sth.意为“承担得起（做）某事”，
can’t afford (to do) sth.意为“承担不起（做）某事”。
11. All of us know that it’s necessary to pay attention to every detail.我们都知道注意每个细节是必要的。
pay attention to意为“注意”，这里的to是一个介词，和look forward to用法一致，接动词要用动词ing形式。
pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做）某事
pay no/more/less attention to (doing) sth. 对.…置之不理/多关注/少关注某事
attract/catch one’s attention 吸引/抓住某人的注意力
It在本句中作形式主语
①It’s adj. (for sb.) to do sth. = to do sth. be adj. (for sb.)= sb. be adj. to do sth.
②It’s adj. (for sb.) not to do sth.= not to do sth. be adj. (for sb.)= sb. be adj. not to do sth.
③It’s+adj. that +从句
对我来说收到礼物是开心的。
=
=
=
不浪费食物是重要的。
=
12. As a doctor, you can’t be too careful. 作为一个医生，再怎么仔细也不为过。
can’t...too...意为“无论怎样…也不算过分，越…越好”。
当我们过马路的时候，我们怎么小心都不为过。
作为一个学生，你怎样努力都不过分。
有时也可用can never，impossible等与too连用来表示类似的意思。
A kid can never have too many toys.
It is impossible to get to school too soon.
13. She has devoted most of her time to her work. 她把她的大部分时间用于工作。
devote作及物动词，意为“把…贡献给；把…专用于”。devote... to (doing) sth.意为“把…用于…”，devote oneself to意为“献身于，致力于”。
He could only devote two hours to his study every day.
The nurse devotes herself to looking after patients.
他一生致力于教学。
四年来他致力于音乐。
Integrated skills & Study skills
1. It is you who shape your life and your future. 塑造你的生活和你的未来的人是你。
本句是强调句。强调句的结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who…”。
强调句通常强调句子的某一成分，it没有实际意义，只是引出被强调的部分。如果被强调的部分是表示人的词，引导词用that或who都可以；如果被强调的部分是其他成分，则用that。
It was Tom who/ that found the pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调the pen
强调in the classroom
一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out
特殊疑问句的强调句型：特殊疑问词+is/ was it that+其他成分。
Who was it that broke the window
2. Some people believe that people born under the same animal sign may have similar personalities. 有些人相信出生在同一生肖的人可能有相似的性格。
believe意为“相信，认为，信任”；常用短语believe in，意为“信任”。
The students in our class all believe in our English teacher.
3. In Western countries, a year is divided into a cycle of 12 star signs. 在西方国家，一年被分成12个星座的循环。
be divided into意为“被分成”，它的主动结构为divide...into…意为“把…分成…”。
A year is divided into four seasons.
4. Personality includes your thoughts,feelings and behaviours which make you different from other people. 个性包含了使你不同于他人的思想、情感和行为。
include为及物动词，意为“包含；包括”。
【辨析】include与including
include 动词，通常在句中做谓语 The cat family includes lions and tigers.
including 介词，后接名词，代词构成介词短语 Seven people in all, including a teacher, are flying to Paris.
语法点
U1语法：并列连词
并列连词and, but, or, so
我们可以用并联连词来连接单词、短语或句子，用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系或因果关系等。
(1)并列连词and意为“和，又”，表达并列关系；意为“然后”，表示动作的顺承，动作的先后发生。
Mike likes playing football and singing songs.
He went to market and bought some vegetables.
(2)并列连词but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。
My uncle bought me a watch, but I did not like it.
(3)并列连词or意为“或者”，表示选择关系；也可意为“否则”，用于“祈使句+or+简单句”中。
注意：在否定句中并列成分通常用or连接，而不用and。
Which do you like better, juice or coffee
Be careful, or you will lose you way!
I cannot speak Japanese or French.
(4)并列连词so意为“因此，所以”，表示因果关系，常用来连接两个简单句。
注意：并列连词so不能和从属连词because一起使用。
It began to rain, so we went home.
The dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat.
=Because the dog was hungry, we gave it something to eat.
【举一反三】
1.Kitty is kind, sometimes she is impatient.
2.Billy would not accept other’s advice think twice.
3.Judy is gentle, she never gets angry with others.
4.Suzy worries too much, she cannot sleep well sometimes.
并列连词both...and...，not only...but (also)...，either...or...，neither...nor...
我们用连词both...and..., not only...but (also)..., either...or..., neither...nor...连接两个句子的相同部分以避免重复。
(1) both...and...意为“…和…两者都；既…又…”。连接的两个成分在句中做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
He can both swim and skate.
Both she and I are good at English. 她和我都擅长英语。
(2) not only...but (also)...意为“不但…而且…，不仅...还有...”，其中also可以省略。
They speak English not only in class but also at home.
I not only heard it but (also) saw it.
当not only...but also... 连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循所谓的“就近原则”。
Not only the students but also Mr Li has lunch at school.
【not only...but also...和both...and...用法及区别】
①意义的区别：not only...but also... 意为“不仅...而且...”，both...and...意为“既...又...，两个都...”。
②用法的区别：not only...but also... 强调的是but also之后部分，后面的谓语要根据最近的主语而变化，遵循就近原则；both...and... 连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式，可以连接两个相同的部分。
my mother my sister watches football games these days.
Tom Jack have passed the exam.
(3) either...or... 意为“要么…要么…，或者…或者…；不是…就是…”，用于连接两个表示选择关系的词。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”。
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.
Either you or I am going there tomorrow.
如果把上句变成一般疑问句，助动词形式与主语you保持一致，所以用are提问，而不是用am.
(4) neither...nor... 意为“既不…也不…”，具有否定意义。当neither... nor... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数也应遵循“就近原则”。
It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.
Neither dad nor mum is at home today.
若将neither... nor...句型变为肯定句，只需把neither... nor...改为both... and...，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。
Both dad and mum are at home today.
【举一反三】
human beings animals can live without air.
my mum my grandma are good at cooking.They cook lunch for us.
my mum my grandma is good at cooking.They cook lunch for us.
You can’t have them both. You can choose the bike the toy car.
Unit 1 Know yourself
第一部分 选择题
一、单项选择(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)
1．— Who is _______ today？
— Tom. He is ill and stays at home.
A．curious B．absent C．energetic D．loyal
2．He always studies hard and is afraid of .
A．making a speech B．taking the lead
C．falling behind D．giving up
3．_______ he _______ I were praised by the teacher in the class meeting yesterday.
A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．Not only；but
4．Our teacher is very creative and he always has different ways to make his class _______ and interesting.
A．lively B．modest C．suitable D．patient
5．It was with Li Ping _______ I did some shopping in the store yesterday afternoon.
A．when B．that C．who D．where
6．_______ is said that his father will fly to New York this evening.
A．That B．He C．This D．It
7．— He is kind and helpful.
—_______ . He always helps his classmates with their studies.
A．I can't agree more B．It all depends
C．I don't think so D．I'm not sure
8．You'd better _______ before you spend all your money on a car.
A．take on B．believe in C．think twice D．give up
9．All of us love and respect him because he has many good _______.
A．challenges B．qualities C．chances D．pioneers
10．I'd like to go with you，_______ I have no time this afternoon.
A．and B．or C．so D．but
11．He devoted all his spare time _______ his students with their English.
A．to helping B．to help C．helped D．for helping
12．— Why didn't you ask Tom to help you with your work？
— Because he was only a student and had no _______ experience.
A．powerful B．practical C．loyal D．general
13．I don't believe _______ my star sign may decide my personality.
A．whether B．when C．which D．that
14．Welcome to our school and I'll show you _______ our school.
A．off B．up C．around D．down
15．The teacher told us that red _______ power，heat and strong feelings.
A．would represent B．represents C．represented D．had represented
二、完型填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
Johnnie Martin was born in a worker’s family. His parents dreamed that their son could get a good job and live a better life. However, to Johnnie, school lessons seemed like a wall that was _____16_____ to go through.
One day when he was in grade 11, Johnnie went _____17_____ the school youth workers’ office to ask for help.
“Johnnie, I’ve been studying your marks of all the tests at school. I have made a _____18_____ study of them,” said the youth worker.
“I’ve been trying hard.” Johnnie was about to cry.
The youth work put his hand on the boy’s shoulder, “People have different kinds of _____19_____ , Johnnie. There are painters who were _____20_____ able to learn maths, and engineers who can’t sing on key. Some day you will find _____21_____ you are good at, and when you do, you will make your parents and all of us very proud of you.”
Johnnie didn’t go to university. He found a job working in the gardens around the town. Soon _____22_____ amazing happened. His customers（顾客）began to notice that Johnnie had what they called “green thumb（园艺能手）”. One day, he noticed an unused dirty land behind the city hall. He volunteered to make it into a garden. That very afternoon _____23_____ he got the permission（许可）, he started the work. However, he couldn’t _____24_____ all the tools or the plants that were necessary for it. People gave him young trees, rose-bushes, benches and many other things. Before long, it had become a beautiful little park.
Today Johnnie is the head of the business in gardening. Wherever he and his men go, they spread _____25_____ before the eyes of people.
16．A．impatient B．impossible C．important D．impolite
17．A．into B．past C．along D．through
18．A．extra B．national C．careful D．similar
19．A．abilities B．challenges C．causes D．careers
20．A．always B．usually C．sometimes D．never
21．A．how B．when C．what D．where
22．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything
23．A．before B．while C．till D．after
24．A．design B．use C．repair D．afford
25．A．purity B．beauty C．energy D．silence
三、阅读单选(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)
A
People Who are Happy with Their Jobs
Molly has read an article on Sunshine Daily. It introduces four people who are excellent in their fields.
Wu Wei, artist“Wu Wei is a talented artist,” said his best friend. “He doesn’t like to talk much, but his work shouts!” His paintings have won high praise from the art community. “I want to share the best art with people, so I’m always searching for something better,” he said.
Su Ning, accountant(会计)Su Ning gave up her job as a sales manager five years ago and started to work as an accountant. “I love working with numbers. But as an accountant, we also need to be careful. To us, a miss is as good as a mile,” she said.
Liu Hao, engineerLiu Hao is a high-speed railway engineer. “We can’t afford to make any mistakes,” said Mr Liu. “He’s serious and well organized, but he’s easy to work with,” one of his team members said.
Fang Yuan, doctorFang Yuan, head of Sunshine Hospital, is kind and patient. “As a doctor, carelessness will be a big problem not only to ourselves but also to patients,” she said. “She has put most of her time into her work,” said another doctor.
26．What does Wu Wei do A．An artist. B．A manager. C．An accountant. D．A doctor.
27．Who loves working with numbers
A．Molly. B．Liu Hao. C．Su Ning. D．Fang Yuan.
28．What is Fang Yuan like
A．Kind and patient. B．Active and careful.
C．Young and talented. D．Serious and organized.
B
A food delivery (投递) driver from Hangzhou has been a champion of the third season of CCTV’s Chinese Poetry Competition (中国诗词大会) show.
Lei Haiwei won in the TV contest’s final on 4th, April 2018, remaining calm as he answered a lot of difficult questions on ancient Chinese poetry.
More than ten years ago, he didn’t have enough money to buy books. In order to read poetry, he would go to the bookstore and memorize poems, then return home and write them down from memory. In this way, he learned over 800 poems.
These days, as a busy worker, he reads ancient poetry when waiting for food to be prepared or when he has a moment to rest. Like most delivery drivers, Lei Haiwei’s work is hard and he often has to deliver more than 50 meals in one day. While delivering food to others, he’s often hungry himself, but he hardly spends more than half an hour a day in eating and won’t spend over 25 RMB．
Lei was born in1981, in Hunan, but moved to Hanzhou ten years ago to find work. He lives in an 80-square-metre apartment with several other delivery drivers and usually works 10-hour days.
29．What kind of feeling did Lei Haiwei have during the final contest
A．Peaceful. B．Nervous. C．Angry. D．Afraid.
30．How did Lei Haiwei learn over 800 poems？
A．By buying books. B．By memorizing poems.
C．By learning poems from TV shows. D．By copying poems from books directly.
31．When did Lei Haiwei read so many poems as a food delivery driver
A．When having lunch. B．When making dinner.
C．When waiting for food. D．When delivering food to others.
32．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A．Lei Haiwei’s food. B．Lei Haiwei’s hobby.
C．Lei Haiwei’s good friends. D．Lei Haiwei’s hard work.
C
Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives, writes David Sturt, Executive Vice President of the O. C．Tanner Institute, in his book Great Work: How to Make a Difference People Love. Sturt insists, however, that great work is not just for surgeons or special - needs educators or the founders of organizations trying to eliminate poverty（贫穷）in sub - Saharan Africa. The central theme of Great Work, according to Sturt, is that anyone can make a difference in any job. It’s not the nature of the job, but what you do with the job that matters. To prove this, Sturt tells the story of an excellent hospital cleaner named Moses.
In a building filled with doctors and nurses doing great life—saving work, Moses the cleaner makes a difference. Whenever he enters a room, especially a room with a sick child, he impresses both patients and parents with his optimism（乐观）and calm, introducing himself to the child and,Start writes, speaking “some words about light and sunshine and making things clean.”He praises on any progress he sees day by day (“you’re sitting up today, that’s good.”) Moses is no doctor and doesn’t sit pretend（假装）to be, but he has witnessed hundreds of sick children getting well from painful surgery, and parents take comfort from his encouraging words. For Matt and Mindi, whose son McKay was born with only half of a heart, Moses became a close friend. As Sturt explains, “Moses took his born talents (his sensitivity) and his practical wisdom (from years of hospital experience) and brought them into a powerful form of patient and family support that changed the critical—care experience for Mindi, Matt and little McKay.”
How do people like Moses do great work when so many people just work That was the central question raised by Sturt and his team at the O. C．Tanner Institute, a consulting（咨询）company specialized（专营）in worker recognition（认可）and rewards system.
O. C．Tanner carried out a complete Great Work study that included surveys to 200 senior executives（高管）, a further set of surveys to 1, 000 managers and workers working on projects, a study of 1. 7 million accounts of award - winning work (in the form of nominations for awards from corporations（公司） around the world), and one - on - one interviews with 200 different makers. The corporations（公司）around the world, and one-on-one interviews with 200 different makers. The results of the study showed that those who do great work refuse to be stopped by the constraints of their jobs. They are especially able to think about their jobs without any boundaries, they don’t consider their jobs as a list of tasks and responsibilities（责任）but see their jobs as chances to make a difference. No matter, as Moses so ably exemplifies（例证）, what that job may be.
33．According to Sturt, which of the following is TRUE
A．It’s not the nature of the job, but what you think that makes a difference.
B．Anyone in the world has duty to reduce poverty and change the world.
C．Anyone can make a difference in people’s lives no matter what kind of job he does.
D．Surgeons, special—needs educators and founders of organizations can succeed more easily.
34．According to this passage, how does Moses, a common hospital cleaner, make a difference in people’s lives
A．By keeping optimistic and calm when facing patients and their parents.
B．By showing his great duty and rich working experience while working.
C．By showing his pity and kindness to patients when entering their rooms.
D．By pretending to be a doctor or nurse when entering a room with the sick.
35．The word “constraints” in the last paragraph probably means _________ .
A．orders B．advantages C．mistakes D．limitations
36．What can we infer from the passage
A．Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives.
B．Those who do great work see their jobs as chances to make a difference.
C．Moses makes a difference through his sensitivity and his practical wisdom.
D．If a boss has trouble knowing his workers well, he may ask O. C．Tanner for advice.
D
Mapping out the future
Last summer, my parents and I took a drive to another state. A few hours into the trip, we took a wrong turn. But our trusty GPS pulled up a map of the area and got us back. It made me wonder: Who created maps in the first place After some searching online, I learned that people who map out roads, mountains, oceans, and other places around the world are called cartographers.
What does a cartographer do
Cartographers, also called mapmakers, study geographic information. They use this information to make maps of places around the world. Some of these maps are digital. They are often used in GPS. Other maps are printed in books. To do their work, cartographers put together information from many different places. They also use ground surveys (调查). Some do ground surveys themselves. Most cartographers, however, depend on surveyors for this important information. Surveyors collect information for mapmaking. They measure (测量) land, air space, and water areas.
What does it take to be a cartographer
Most cartographers have a bachelor’s degree. The degree might be in cartography, geography, or something similar. Students who are interested in becoming cartographers should learn as much as they can about geography. It also helps to take courses in math and computer science.
With the rise of computer-based tools such as GPS, cartographers need stronger computer skills than they did in the past.
___________
In the US, jobs for cartographers are expected to grow. This is due to the increasing use of maps in the armed forces. Also, digital maps have increasingly become a main part of GPS.
According to what I’ve read about cartographers, I’d say that their work is very important to a lot of people. Next time a map keeps me from getting lost, I’ll be sure to thank a cartographer!
37．In Paragraph 1, the writer included his experience in order to show ________.
A．the GPS is only needed when driving to another place
B．it is common to get lost on a trip
C．a mapmaker’s work is important
D．the GPS is not always useful
38．The writer talked about cartographers from ________ aspects.
A．two B．three C．four D．five
39．Surveyors can do all these following things except (除了) ________.
A．doing ground surveys B．collecting information
C．doing some mapping D．doing some measuring
40．Which of the following best fits the blank in the passage
A．Will more cartographers be needed
B．Will the cartographers be replaced by robots
C．Why is it hard for cartographers to find jobs
D．Why do cartographers make different maps
第二部分 课本知识应用
四．按要求填写单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
41．Daniel is clever, but he never shows off. He is m______.
42．You can’t afford a _________ (失误) while doing this experiment(实验).
43．The story________(it)is very interesting in this film．
44．They said she is _____________(suit) for the job as an accountant.
45．As a doctor, ________________( careful) will be a disaster to patients.
46．Jim’s father is a ____________ (总的) manager in a big computer company.
47．The young man is trying to be a ____________ (先锋) in the field of high technology.
48．The product of this company has reached the international _________ (标准), so it sells well 。
49．It’s a tradition for a Chinese family to buy a new ____________ (挂历) when the new year is drawing near.
50．When the star ____________ (出现) on the stage, the fans all screamed excitedly.
五、完成句子(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
根据所给中文，完成英语句子
51．我随时准备接受新的挑战。
I __________________ to _________________________ .
52．饮食取决于个人喜好。这些食物让我想起了我妈妈的饭菜。
Diet _________________ taste. The food ____________ the dishes my mother made.
53．作为一个学生，你越细心越好。
_______________，you _______________________________.
54．穿红色可以使行动更加容易。
_____________ can ____________________.
55．他经常做决定有困难。
He _____________________________________.
六、短文首字母填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
In our life，we may meet persons with different personalities. What is your p___56___ type？ Read about the following and find it out！
A Dreamer thinks there is a "right" way to do things. This person wants to live in the "perfect". They like their things in o___57___. Many are good listeners and like to help others. Many Dreamers work a___58___ teachers, and often lead others. Famous Dreamers：Mohandas Gandhi, Angelina Jolie.
A Partner wants to be in a group. For this person，rules are important. They pay a___59___ to rules and think everybody should follow them. Partners are often b___60___ serious and careful. Many do well as teachers，managers and police officers. Famous Partners：Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ，Mother Teresa.
For Thinkers，understanding things is very important. They like to deal with problems and make new things. Thinkers are c___61___. They like to take the l___62___ and win. They have very strong opinions（主张）. Many Thinkers work as s___63___， inventors and engineers. Famous Thinkers：Bill Gates，Stephen Hawking.
Artists want to be free. In g___64___, they don't want to follow the rules all the time. They also like trying new things. They are l____65____ and active and do well as musicians（音乐家）and actors. Famous Artists：Cristiano Ronaldo, Madonna.
七、阅读回答问题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
阅读表达 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
I’m a rather smart person who has spent nearly 10 years learning mechanics（机械学）, but I have no formal education. I have always struggled to make people trust me.
This year, I started another factory job, which provided a bit higher pay than my last one. I was making $13. 50 an hour at my last job and hardly make a living. I felt I would probably live a better life! My neighbor bought a used Harley motorcycle that everyone thought it had some serious damage. After taking a look at it, I said that I would be able to repair it. As a result, I saved them $2, 000 that they expected to pay to rebuild it. They were impressed with my work and told many of their friends about me. I got a lot of new business just through word of mouth.
In about two months I had over a dozen people coming to me for work and I was making great money. I was making thousands a month from part-time jobs on a good month. But because of the instability of the work, it was not certain for me to get enough money every month, I still couldn’t leave my day job at that point.
Then I got a job through one of my customers working on heavy equipment and diesel trucks （柴油汽 车）. I was able to impress them by solving difficult problems quickly. They offered me another job that started even higher - $17 an hour. I finally made some progress.
In one year’s time I went from being the lowest level worker to having bosses ask me to work for them. Now I can honestly say I feel truly proud of myself and my skills.
根据文本内容回答下面5个问题, 每题答案不超过7个词。
66．Why has the writer tried his best to get others’ trust
______________________________
67．When did the writer get more business
______________________________
68．How much money can the writer make if he does a part-time job for 3 hours now
______________________________
69．Why couldn’t the writer leave his day job
______________________________
70．What can we learn from the writer
______________________________
参考答案：
1．B
【解析】
句意：——今天谁没来？——汤姆。他生病了，待在家里。
考查形容词。curious 意为“好奇的”；absent意为“缺席的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的”；loyal 意为“忠诚的”。根据“He is ill and stays at home. ”可知这里是缺席的。根据题意，故选B。
2．C
【解析】
句意：他总是努力学习，害怕落后。A. making a speech演讲；B. taking the lead领先；C. falling behind落后；D. giving up放弃。努力学习是担心自己落在别人的后面，故答案为C。
3．C
【解析】
句意：在昨天的班会上，我和他都受到了老师的表扬。
考查连词。either…or…意为“或者……或者……”；neither… nor…意为“既不……也……”；both…and…意为“……和……”；not only…but…意为“不仅……而且……”。根据谓语动词是复数were，这里用both …and…表示两者都。根据题意，故选C。
4．A
【解析】
句意：我们的老师很有创新精神，他总是用不同的方法把课上得生动有趣。
考查形容词。lively意为“活泼的”；modest意为“谦虚的”；suitable意为“合适的”；patient意为“耐心的”。根据“interesting”的语境可知这里是活跃的。根据题意，故选A。
5．B
【解析】
句意：昨天下午我是和李平一起去商店购物的。
考查强调句型。其结构It is / was + 被强调的部分 + that (who)…。当被强调的是人时，用who或that，其余的情况一律用that，强调的成分是主语、宾语和状语，强调句型可用“还原法”来判断,若删除强调句型结构后，句子能还原为一个完整的句子，就是强调句。这里是强调的是with Li Ping，根据题意，故选B。
【点睛】
英语中强调句型就是采用it is +强调部分+that……强调部分可以为主语,宾语,状语……比如：对You are my friend.强调主语就是:It is you that are my friend.
6．D
【解析】
句意：据说，他的父亲今晚将要飞往纽约。
考查代词。根据该题干中的that…可知是主语从句，故用代词it作形式主语。A. That那个；B. He他；C. This这个；D. It它。It is said that+ 从句，表示据说……。根据题意，故选D。
7．A
【解析】
句意：——他善良且乐于助人。——我完全赞同。他总是在学习上帮助同学。
考查交际用语。I can't agree more意为“我完全赞同”；it all depends意为“视情况而定”；I don't think so意为“我不认为如此”；I'm not sure意为“我不知道”。根据“He always help…”的语境确定答案。故选A。
8．C
【解析】
句意：在倾囊买车前，你最好三思。
考查动词短语。take on意为“承担”；believe in意为“信任”；think twice意为“三思”；give up意为“放弃"。根据“before…"的语境确定答案。根据下文before you spend all your money on a car.可知上文是三思。故选C。
9．B
【解析】
句意：我们大家都很喜爱和尊重他，因为他有许多优良品质。
考查名词。challenge意为“挑战”；quality意为“品质" ；chance意为“机会”；pioneer意为“先锋”。根据“love and respect him”的语境确定答案。故选B。
10．D
【解析】
句意：我想和你一起去，但是今天下午我没时间。
考查连词。and意为“和"；or意为“或者”；so意为“所以”；but意为“但是”。这里的前后句是转折关系。故选D。
11．A
【解析】
句意：他把自己所有的业余时间都奉献出来帮助自己的学生学习英语。
考查非谓语动词。A. to helping去帮助；B. to help帮助，动词不定式；C. helped帮助，过去式；D. for helping为了帮助。devote…to表示致力于……，结构中的to是介词，故其后接动名词作宾语。根据题意，故选A。
【点睛】
devote...to(doing) sth.将……奉献于（做）某事
devote vt.
把……奉献(给),把……专用(于)
We should devote everything we have.
我们应该奉献我们的一切.
12．B
【解析】
句意：——你为什么不请汤姆帮你工作？——因为他只是个学生，没有实践经验。
考查形容词。powerful 意为“强大的"；practical意为“实践的" ；loyal意为“忠诚的"；general意为“一般的"。根据“he was only a student”的语境确定答案。故选B。
13．D
【解析】
句意：我不相信我的星座决定我的个性。
考查连词。引导宾语从句时，whether意为“是否”；when意为“何时”；which意为“哪一个”；that没有中文含义。根据句意确定答案。故选D。
14．C
【解析】
句意：欢迎到我们学校来，我带你参规一下我们学校。
考查介词。Show off意为“炫耀”；show up意为“露面”；show around 意为“带领…参观”；show down意为“摊牌”。根据“Welcome to our school”可知这里是参观，show sb. around…表示带某人参观某地。根据题意，故选C。
15．B
【解析】
句意：老师告诉我们，红色象征力量、热度和强烈的情感。
考查时态。A. would represent代表；过去将来时；B. represents代表，一般现在时态； C. represented代表，过去式；D. had represented已经代表，过去完成时。虽然主句谓语动词是一般过去时，但宾语从句表示的是客观事实，故其谓语动词用一般现在时。根据题意，故选B。
16．B
17．A
18．C
19．A
20．D
21．C
22．C
23．D
24．D
25．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。约翰尼·马丁出生在一个工人家庭，他的父母希望他找到一份好工作，可是对于约翰尼·马丁来说，学校的课程太难了。约翰尼没有上大学，他在镇上的花园里找到了一份工作。很快，人们发现他是一个园艺能手，他把一块肮脏的土地变成了一个美丽的小公园。如今，约翰尼成为了园艺行业的主管。
16．
句意：然而，对约翰尼来说，学校的课程就像一堵无法穿越的墙。
impatient没有耐心的；impossible不可能的；important重要的；impolite不礼貌的。由“However, to Johnnie, school lessons seemed like a wall”可知对约翰尼来说学校的课程就像一堵墙，墙是无法穿越的，故选B。
17．
句意：11年级的一天，约翰尼走进学校青年工作者办公室寻求帮助。
into进入；past超过；along沿着；through穿过。由“ask for help”可知寻求帮助应该是进入办公室，故选A。
18．
句意：我对它们做了仔细的研究。
extra额外的；national国家的；careful认真的；similar类似的。由“Johnnie, I’ve been studying your marks of all the tests at school.”可知是对约翰尼的成绩做了很认真的研究，故选C。
19．
句意：人们有不同的能力。
abilities能力；challenges挑战；causes原因；careers职业。由“There are painters who were …able to learn maths, and engineers who can’t sing on key.”可知不同行业的人有不同的能力，故选A。
20．
句意：有些画家从来不会学数学，有些工程师不会按键盘唱歌。
always一直；usually通常；sometimes有时；never从不。由“People have different kinds of abilities”可知人们有不同的能力，这里给的是画家和工程师的例子，画家从不会学数学，故选D。
21．
句意：总有一天你会发现你擅长什么，当你做到了，你会让你的父母和我们所有人为你感到骄傲。
how怎么；when什么时候；what什么；where在哪里。由“People have different kinds of abilities”可知人们有不同的能力，有一天约翰尼也会发现自己擅长什么，这里做动词find的宾语，引导宾语从句，故选C。
22．
句意：很快，令人惊讶的事情发生了。
nothing没有什么；anything任何事；something某事/某物；everything每件事。由“His customers（顾客）began to notice that Johnnie had what they called ‘green thumb（园艺能手 ）’.”可知后面发生了一些事是人们没想到的，这里泛指某事，故选C。
23．
句意：就在那天下午，他得到了许可之后，便开始了这项工作。
before以前；while当…...的时候；till直到；after在......之后。开始工作是在得到许可之后进行的，故选D。
24．
句意：然而，他负担不起所有的工具和必要的植物。
design设计；use使用；repair修理；afford负担得起。由“People gave him young trees, rose-bushes, benches and many other things.”可知人们给了他小树、玫瑰花丛、长凳和许多其他的东西，应该是约翰尼自己负担不起这些，故选D。
25．
句意：无论他和他的手下走到哪里，他们都会在人们眼前传播美丽。
purity纯洁；beauty美丽；energy能量；silence沉默。由“Today Johnnie is the head of the business in gardening.”可知约翰尼成为了园艺行业的主管，园艺带给人的是美丽，故选B。
26．A
27．C
28．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了四位在各自领域都很优秀的人。
26．
细节理解题。根据“Wu Wei, artist”可知，吴伟是艺术家，故选A。
27．
细节理解题。根据“Su Ning gave up her job as a sales manager...I love working with numbers.”可知，苏宁喜欢和数字打交道，故选C。
28．
细节理解题。根据“Fang Yuan, head of Sunshine Hospital, is kind and patient.”可知，方媛善良又有耐心，故选A。
29．A
30．B
31．C
32．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了外卖小哥雷海为在中央台第三季《中国诗词大会》上获得了一等奖。
29．
推理判断题。根据“Lei Haiwei won in the TV contest’s final on 4th, April 2018, remaining calm as he answered a lot of difficult questions on ancient Chinese poetry.”可知，在比赛中他冷静地回答了许多关于中国古诗词的难题。因此可推断出在决赛中感觉是平静的。故选A。
30．
细节理解题。根据“ In order to read poetry, he would go to the bookstore and memorize poems, then return home and write them down from memory. In this way, he learned over 800 poems.”可知，雷海为是通过背诵诗歌学习800多首诗的。故选B。
31．
细节理解题。根据“These days, as a busy worker, he reads ancient poetry when waiting for food to be prepared or when he has a moment to rest.”可知，雷海为在等餐或者休息时读了很多诗。故选C。
32．
段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段讲述了雷海为的住宿条件和工作时间之长，即讲述了雷海为的辛勤工作。故选D。
33．C
34．A
35．D
36．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文讲述任何人都可以在任何工作中有所作为。
33．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives, writes David Sturt”及“The central theme of Great Work, according to Sturt, is that anyone can make a difference in any job”可知，斯特尔特认为不管人的工作是什么，都可以在人的生活中有所作为。故选C。
34．
细节理解题。根据第二段“he impresses both patients and parents with his optimism and calm”可知，莫西通过自己的乐观和冷静给病人和他们的父母留下印象。故选A。
35．
词义猜测题。根据最后一段“They are especially able to think about their jobs without any boundaries, they don’t consider their jobs as a list of tasks and responsibilities but see their jobs as chances to make a difference”可知，在工作上有所作为的人拒绝被工作本身的局限性打败，他们不认为他们的工作是一系列的人物和责任而是把他们的工作看成是有所作为的机会。“constraints”的含义是“限制”，相当于“limitations”。故选D。
36．
推理判断题。根据第三段“That was the central question raised by Sturt and his team at the O. C. Tanner Institute, a consulting company specialized in worker recognition and rewards system”可知，斯特尔特和团队在研究所的咨询公司专营员工的认可和奖赏系统，可推断如果一个老板在获得员工认可方面有困难，他可能找欧柏特泰纳寻求建议。故选D。
37．C
38．B
39．C
40．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于地图制作者工作的内容，成为地图制作者的条件及其工作的重要性。
37．
细节理解题。根据第一段“But our trusty GPS pulled up a map of the area and got us back.It made me wonder: Who created maps in the first place ”可知，作者在本段描述个人经历主要是为了说明地图制作者工作的重要性，故选C。
38．
细节理解题。根据“What does a cartographer do ”“What does it take to be a cartographer ”和文中空格部分可知，本文一共介绍了地图制作者三个方面的内容，故选B。
39．
细节理解题。根据“Some do ground surveys themselves. Most cartographers, however, depend on surveyors for this important information. Surveyors collect information for mapmaking. They measure land, air space, and water areas.”可知，测量员会做地面调查、为制图收集信息、测量土地、空域和水域，故选C。
40．
标题归纳题。根据下文“In the US, jobs for cartographers are expected to grow. ”可知，在美国，地图制作者工作岗位将会增加，故选A。
41．modest
42．miss
43．itself
44．suitable
45．carelessness
46．general
47．pioneer
48．standard
49．calendar
50．appeared
【解析】
41．句意“丹尼尔很聪明，但是他从来都不炫耀，他是谦虚的”。根据but he never shows off可知，他不炫耀，所以是谦虚的。modest谦虚的。故填modest。
42．句意“当你做实验时，你不能承受一个失误”。miss失误，且空前有a，故填miss。
43．句意“在这个电影中，故事本身非常有趣”。空处译为“他自己”，作同位语，故填itself。
44．句意“他们说她适合会计这个工作”。根据be suitable for“适合于”，故填suitable。
45．句意“作为一名医生，粗心对于病人来说将会是一个灾难”。空位于主语的位置，所以用名词，且根据句意可知，译为粗心，故填carelessness。
46．句意“吉姆的爸爸是一个大的电脑公司的总经理”。general manager总经理，故填general。
47．句意“这个年轻人尽力成为高科技领域的先锋”。pioneer先锋，且空前有a，用单数，故填pioneer。
48．句意“这个公司的产品达到了国际标准，所以它卖得好”。standard标准，故填standard。
49．句意“对于中国家庭来说，当新年临近时，买一个新的挂历是一个传统”。calendar挂历，且空前有a，用单数，故填calendar。
50．句意“当明星出现在舞台上时，所有的粉丝都兴奋地尖叫”。appear出现，且根据screamed可知，用一般过去时，故填appeared。
51． am ready take on new challenges any time
52． depends on reminds me of
53． As a student can’t be too careful
54． Wearing red make it easier to take action
55．often has difficulties making decisions
【解析】
51．根据句意，答题空一是准备好做某事的意思，用be ready to do sth，主语是I，故用am ready。答题空二是接受新的挑战的意思，用take on new challenges，随时做状语，一般位于句尾，用词组any time，故答案是【答题空1】am ready，【答题空2】take on new challenges any time
52．根据句意，答题空一是取决于的意思，主语是diet不可数名词用第三人称单数，depends on。答题空二是是我想起的意思，让某人想起用remind sb of sth，主语是the food不可数名词，remind是动词，其后的代词用宾格，故答案是【答题空1】depends on，【答题空2】reminds me of
53．根据句意，答题空一是作为一个学生的意思，作为用介词as，答题空二是越细心越好的意思，越……越好用，can’t be too+形容词，故答案是【答题空1】As a student，【答题空2】can’t be too careful
54．根据句意，答题空一是穿红色的意思，表示穿着的状态用动词wear，作主语用动名词，答题空二是使行动更容易的意思，行动用take action，使……变得容易，用make it easier to do sth，can是情态动词，后加动词原形，故答案是【答题空1】Wearing red，【答题空2】make it easier to take action
55．根据句意，答题空是经常做决定有困难，经常用频率副词often，做某事有困难用have difficulty（in）doing，这里经常有困难，所以把困难变成复数，做决定是make decisions，故答案是often has difficulties making decisions
56．personality
57．order
58．as
59．attention
60．both
61．creative
62．lead
63．scientists
64．general
65．lively
【解析】
【分析】
这篇短文主要介绍了四种不同的人物性格类型。详细介绍了四种不同性格类型人的特点，并用名人加以补充说明。
56．句意：你的性格类型是什么？
根据上文In our life，we may meet persons with different personalities.可知下文是说性格类型，personality的意思是“性格”，名词作定语修饰后面的type。故填personality。
57．句意：他们喜欢自己的东西井然有序。
根据上文This person wants to live in the "perfect"可知下文是说他们喜欢动词井然有序，短语in order表示整齐；井然有序。根据题意，故填order。
58．句意：许多梦想家当老师，经常引导别人。著名的梦想家：莫汉达斯·甘地，安吉丽娜·朱莉。
短语work as…表示作为……。根据句意，故填as。
59．句意：他们注意规则，认为每个人都应该遵守规则。
根据下文and think everybody should follow them.可知上文是说pay attention to…表示对……关注。根据句意，故填attention。
60．句意：合伙人通常既认真又谨慎。
根据下文serious and careful可知这里是说两者都，both…and…表示两者都。根据句意，故填both。
61．句意：思想家很有创造力。
根据下文They like to take the l 7 and win. They have very strong opinions（主张）.可知上文是说有创造力的。creative形容词，意思是“有创造力的”。根据句意，故填creative。
62．句意：他们喜欢领先并获胜。他们的意见很强烈。
根据下文They have very strong opinions（主张）.可知这里是说领先。lead的意思是“领先”，根据句意，故填lead。
63．句意：许多思想家是科学家、发明家和工程师。著名思想家：比尔盖茨，斯蒂芬霍金。
根据下文inventors and engineers.可知上文是说科学家。scientist的意思是“科学家”，这里用名词复数。故填scientists。
64．句意：一般来说，他们不想一直遵守规则。
短语in general表示一般而言，一般来说。根据句意，故填general。
65．句意：他们也喜欢尝试新事物。他们活泼好动，音乐家和演员都很出色。著名艺术家：克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多、麦当娜。
根据下文and active and do well as musicians（音乐家）and actors.可知上文是说活跃的。lively的意思是“活跃的”，根据句意，故填lively。
【点睛】
1. 复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解.在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想.在阅读过程中,要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处.另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法.有些短文填空题,有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的,这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测,来确定它的词义.
2. 反复推敲多分析,慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文,对留空的句子进行全面的分析,看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义.这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读,要留心找出关键词、短语或句子,还要结合所给首字母的提示,进行填写,并注意单词的正确形式.
3. 认真复查全文,把握整体和词形
做完以后,再认真读一遍,检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符,文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,有无句型结构及语法错误.从实际中看,很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词,但是,问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上.比如填第3小题中，句意：许多梦想家当老师，经常引导别人。著名的梦想家：莫汉达斯·甘地，安吉丽娜·朱莉。短语work as…表示作为……。根据句意，故填as。
66．Because he has no formal education.
67．After he repaired the/neighbor’s motorcycle./After neighbor’s motorcycle was repaired.
68．Fifty-one dollars.
69．Because of the instability of the work.
70．Learning and hard work bring success.
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了作者自己通过自己的不懈努力赚到更多钱的故事，从而悟出：只要功夫下的深，铁杵磨成针。
66．
根据“I’m a rather smart person who has spent nearly 10 years learning mechanics（机械学）, but I have no formal education. I have always struggled to make people trust me.”可知，作者没有受过正规教育，所以一直在努力让人们相信他，故填Because he has no formal education.
67．
根据“As a result, I saved them $2, 000 that they expected to pay to rebuild it. They were impressed with my work and told many of their friends about me. I got a lot of new business just through word of mouth.”可知，在他修好了邻居的摩托车之后，通过口口相传作者获得了很多新业务，故填After he repaired the/neighbor’s motorcycle./After neighbor’s motorcycle was repaired.
68．
根据“They offered me another job that started even higher - $17 an hour.”可知，兼职一个小时赚17美元，所以三个小时应该是赚51美元，故填Fifty-one dollars.
69．
根据“But because of the instability of the work, it was not certain for me to get enough money every month, I still couldn’t leave my day job at that point.”可知，由于工作的不稳定性，作者无法确定每个月是否能挣到足够的钱，所以那时仍然无法离开他的日常工作。故填Because of the instability of the work.
70．
根据“In one year’s time I went from being the lowest level worker to having bosses ask me to work for them. Now I can honestly say I feel truly proud of myself and my skills.”以及整个文章的理解可知，只要功夫下的深，铁杵磨成针，勤奋努力地学习总会成功的，故填Learning and hard work bring success.