2024年中考英语课件：话题二十二 科普知识与现代技术课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
2024年中考英语课件
第一部分 话题培优
话题二十二 科普知识与现代技术
重难点突破
表达能力提升
核心素养培优
科普知识与现代技术（Popular science and modern technology）属于《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》话题项目表中第二十二个话题，二级子话题分别为数字与数据（Figures and data）、科普知识（Popular science）、发明与技术（Inventions and technological advances）、信息技术（Information technology）。想要掌握并熟练表述有关科普知识与现代技术的内容，需要掌握以下知识点。
重难点突破
01
1. 辨析 be made of, be made from 与 be made up of
【观察】① The table over there is made of wood.
② Paper we are using now is made from trees.
③ This machine is made up of three different parts.
【探究】be made of意为“由……制成”，指用肉眼就能判断出原材料；be made from意为“由……制成”，指用肉眼无法判断出原材料；be made up of意为“由……组成或构成”。
【运用】用 be made of，be made from或be made up of的适当形式填空。
（1）那座旧桥是由石头制成的。
The old bridge _______________ stone.
is/was made of
（2）这个班由五十六名学生组成。
The class ______________ fifty-six students.
is made up of
（3）这种饮料是由苹果制成的。
This kind of drink _____________ apples.
is made from
2. 辨析such as与 for example
【观察】① Finally, materials such as wood or paper are added to make different things.
② For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps.
【探究】such as和for example都有“例如”的意思，但用法不尽相同。
（1）such as常用来列举同类人或事物中的多个例子，且其后面不可有逗号，后面只能接名词或名词性短语。
（2）for example 一般指以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，在句中做插入语，用逗号与前后句子隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末，for example后可接完整的句子。
【运用】用for example或such as填空。
（1）He has been to many countries, ________ America, Japan and
Germany.
such as
（2）You can buy fruit here — oranges, ____________.
for example
（3）English is spoken in many countries, ________ Australia and
Canada.
such as
（4）Ball games, ____________, have spread around the world.
for example
3. 辨析agree with, agree to与agree on
【观察】①He doesn’t agree with me.
②Do you think he’ll agree to their advice
③We agree on handing in the homework by 6 p.m.
【探究】
短语 用法
agree with agree with＋sb./one’s opinion/decision/what sb. said同意某
人/某人的意见或决定/某人所说的
agree to agree to＋sth.赞同某一计划或建议
agree on agree on （doing） sth.在（做）某事上意见一致。agree
on doing sth.=agree to do sth.
【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。
（1）我们完全赞同这个计划并承诺会和你们组密切合作。
We fully _________ the plan and promise to cooperate closely with
your group.
agree to
（2）考虑一下，告诉我你是否在这个问题上同意我的看法。
Think it over and tell me whether you ___________ me or not on
this matter.
agree with
表达能力提升
02
Ⅰ.补全对话
（2022·衡阳中考）根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。
（Kangkang met Michael at the airport.）
K: Long time no see, Michael. Did you have a good time in your hometown
M:1.__________. I visited many good friends there. But I’m sorry I
missed your birthday party on April 16th.
Yes, I did
K:2.______________________________________________. I had a
meaningful birthday. Because on that day, Shenzhou-13 carrying three
astronauts landed safely.
M: Wow, how exciting! 3._____________
K: They are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.
M:4.________________________________
K: They have been in space for 183 days.
M: 5.______________________
Never mind/It doesn’t matter/Not at all/It’s nothing
Who are they
How long have they been in space
What did they do there
K: They did lots of research there. They also had space-based
lectures. By the way, Shenzhou-14 was launched at 10:44 a.m. on June
5th.
M: Amazing! They’re heroes!
K: You’re right. We Chinese are so proud of them!
Ⅱ.书面表达
（2021·深圳中考）深圳是一座科技之城、创新之城, 为培养学生对科技的兴趣, 你的学校上周举办了科技节。假定你是你校英语报的小记者, 请你编写一篇新闻报道, 介绍这次活动。
要点：1.活动目的。
2.活动项目： ① 模型制作比赛；② 科学实验操作。
3. 活动亮点：学生发明的服务于校园的机器人（外表, 功能）。
4. 学生感受。
提示词：1. 科技节science festival
2.实验experiment
要求：1. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
2.词数：不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。）
Shenzhen is well-known as a city of technology and innovation. Last
week, __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
our school held a science festival, which aims to develop students’ interest in science and technology and broaden their horizons.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At the festival, some students took an active part in the model-making competition. Many of their robots, which were the highlight of the festival, drew people’s attention. These robots were in the shape of lovely animals, such as rabbits, monkeys and dogs. They were doing some simple tasks like sweeping the floor and throwing away rubbish. Besides, some other students carried out science experiments. The students present at the festival were all surprised at the exhibits and gave them a big around of applause.
Our school hopes that more and more students can learn science and technology better to serve our school.
核心素养培优
03
Ⅰ.完形填空
（2022 ·温州中考改编）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Matt loved science, and he wanted to be the Science Star of the week. Now he was presenting his experiment in Mrs. Perry’s class.
“Let me show you how to keep an egg in the middle of the glass.” Matt dropped an egg into salt water. But it fell to the bottom.
“Look, Matt’s blushing!” Coco shouted. Matt, covered . .1. . red face with hands.
That evening he . .2. . The Book of Wonderful Science Experiments. When it came to the last page, he smiled. “This is the right experiment for me! It’s impossible to fail this time.”
The next day in front of his class, Matt spread small pieces of paper onto the desk and rubbed a spoon with cloth. “The spoon will lift up the paper.” He raised the spoon, but . .3. . happened. The paper lay still.
“Matt’s blushing again!” Emily pointed out. Matt was . .4. . and ran back to his seat with his red face.
“Becoming the Science Star seems so . .5. .,” Matt thought. That night he couldn’t sleep. “I have to make it, but the only thing I could do right was blushing.” … Suddenly, a plan came to his mind.
The following morning, Matt appeared before the class again, . .6. . his Mickey Mouse ears.
“Mouse ears on the head are your . .7. . ” Someone laughed and Matt’s face burned.
“No, watch my . .8. .! Blushing is my experiment,” Matt answered. Everyone quieted down.
Matt continued, “When you feel stressed, your blood vessels in the face open wide and fill the skin with blood, so you blush.” He showed a picture of blood vessels. “I’ve tried many times to control blushing, but now I know it’s a normal part of being human. So the best thing to do
is to . .9. . it.” The class cheered and Matt’s red face lit up the whole classroom.
“Matt is the Science Star of the week,” Mrs. Perry announced. Matt walked . .10. . back to his seat. What a perfect day!
1.( )A.my B.your C.his D.her
C
2.( )A.handed in B.looked through C.waited for D.put away
B
3.( )A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
D
4.( )A.happy B.nervous C.calm D.bored
B
5.( )A.difficult B.common C.natural D.safe
A
6.( )A.passing B.throwing C.wearing D.repairing
C
7.( )A.play B.song C.painting D.experiment
D
8.( )A.hands B.face C.teeth D.back
B
9.( )A.finish B.change C.hide D.accept
D
10.( )A.secretly B.strangely C.proudly D.worriedly
C
Ⅱ.阅读理解
（2022·宜昌中考）第一节：阅读下面短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题的一个最佳答案。
The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk.
It is said that Meng Tian, a general of the Kingdom（王国） Qin, improved the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to report the situation to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.
One day after hunting（狩猎）, Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horse back. Fat and heavy, one rabbit’s tail left a long trail （痕迹） on the ground when they moved on. Suddenly a
good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with ”
On arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard.
However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in a stone
hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last.
Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colorful and helps them better understand Chinese culture.
1.Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen ( )
D
A.Because the king asked him to do so.
B.Because he wanted to be an inventor.
C.Because he didn’t have silk to write on.
D.Because the pen brought him much trouble.
2.When did Meng think of the good idea in Paragraph 3 ( )
B
A.Before hunting animals. B.When he saw the trail.
C.During cleaning the hair. D.After he wrote a report.
3.Which is the right order of improving the brush pen ( )
a. The brush pen could write well.
b. Meng tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick.
c. The special water washed the oil away.
d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole.
C
A.b-d-a-c B.d-b-a-c C.b-d-c-a D.c-d-b-a
4.How can the students understand Chinese culture better ( )
A
A.By learning to use brush pens. B.By playing a role.
C.By planting more bamboo. D.By inventing things.
5.What can we learn from the passage ( )
C
A.Make friends with animals. B.Value fantastic memories.
C.Keep trying and never give up. D.Build a peaceful world.
（2021·南充中考改编）第二节：根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many of us have had the same “pleasant surprise”. After you mark
a song as a favorite on a music app（程序）, it suggests songs of the
same kind to listen to. 1. ___
Big data（数据）is a lot of sets of information that are put together
so they can be used by a computer program. It can have different kinds
of information from many sources（来源）, such as information that
F
comes from schools, social media sites, companies, and governments. 2.
___ Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and
how much time they spend on the computer.3. ___ The government uses
it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. The
information is then used to make bus or train systems panies
use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For
example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the
most ice-cream.
E
A
Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data
to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can
then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get
sick. 4.___ It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to
break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.
5. ___It is because the computer programs used to look at big data
and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way.
Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas.
C
D
These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are
helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause
problems for certain groups of people.
A.Big data can be used in many ways.
B.Why do we use big data for bad things
C.Big data can also be used for bad reasons.
D.How can big data be used for good and bad things
E. One set of data can have people’s names and addresses.
F. In fact, this magic, mind-reading power depends on data.
G. Who uses big data for bad things
Ⅲ.短文填空
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）
list, invent， real, he, interest, die，
think, horse, remain, make
The car was invented just over a century ago. You may know all
kinds of cars’ names, but many people don’t know who was the pioneer
of the first car.
The first car was 1._________not by an Englishman, but by an
American. 2._____ name was Henry Ford.
Henry was born in a poor family. He was the eldest of the six
children. When he was a boy, he became 3._________ in watches and
machines. And he 4.________inventing things was a pleasure. When he
was twelve years old, his mother 5._____. Soon he had to work in a
machine shop with a low pay, just two dollars and fifty cents a week.
invented
His
interested
thought
died
In the evening, he 6. _________ to repair watches for another dollar
a week. The hard life made him strong and able. At that time, there was
another interest in the daily life of the young Ford. He dreamed of
7.________ a machine.
The machine could run without any 8._______, so it was named
horseless carriage. He overcame a lot of difficulties and in April 1893,
the “horseless carriage” was invented at last. It was 9.______ as the first
car.
Later Henry Ford founded the Ford Motor Company. He was
10.______the first inventor of the car in the world.
remained
making
horses
listed
really
Ⅳ.任务型阅读
（2022·怀化中考改编）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
Members of Shenzhou ⅩⅢ gave a science lecture（讲座）to millions of students on December 9, 2021 in the Tiangong space station.
The three astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu said hello to students, teachers and other viewers（观众）when the lecture started in the afternoon. They explained their life and work inside the space station.
The astronauts made some interesting scientific experiments（实验）in space, such as a “water ball”. They also invited young viewers to do similar experiments along with them. Besides, they answered the questions from students during the lecture.
It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class and more lectures will be held. Such activities will make young people know more about space and love science.
1.When did the members of Shenzhou ⅩⅢ give the lecture
They gave the lecture ____________________.
on December 9, 2021
2.How many members are there in Shenzhou ⅩⅢ
There are _______ members in Shenzhou ⅩⅢ.
three/3
3.What did the astronauts explain during the lecture
They explained __________________ inside the space station.
their life and work
4.What did the astronauts invite young viewers to do along with them
They invited young viewers to do
__________________________________ along with them.
some interesting scientific experiments
5.What do you think of the lecture
The lecture is _________________________.
meaningful and educational
thanks